By ALFRED SORENSON Drawing by Ray Waiters. NE of the most tional meetings “field of honor” in United St fatal duel athan C J. Graves. pals, and the four witnesses were all preminent members of congress, At the time of this encounter, February 24, 1838, there was no tele graphic communication, and the news of the day was spread slowly by the stage coaches, the few rallroads and steamboats, But when the people throughout the country the tragic occurrence there general wave of excitement dignation. gsensa the the the 400 . an ales was between TI Le seconds, princi- the w 7 arose a and in of tate of Maine of representa- popular and had made a scathingly criti Jonathan Cilley, victim buliet, represented the s in the national tives, and was a honorable man gpeech in which he cized a charge of corruption which had been brought against some bach- elor congressmen in a letter, published in the New York Courier and Enquir- er over the signature of “A Spy in Washington.” This letter editorial columns Graves house very He was indorsed In by James Watson Webb, the editor of the paper, who offense at Cilley's emphatic de nunciation of the author of the anony- mous letter as well as of the general tenor of his speech, and sent him a note demanding an explanation and an apology. Graves, a member of congress from Kentucky, acted as Webb's note bearer. Cilley refused to receive the hostile communication “without making any personal reflec tion on the character of Webb.” Some correspondence followed between Graves and Cilley, resulting in a challenge by Graves, who, as the rep- resentative of Webb, thought he was acting in accordance with the unwrit- ten “code of honor,” although there Lad been ne animosity or trouble of any kind between them at any time, The challenge was accepted and the duel was fought near Washington with rifles, the two men being stationed 240 feet apart. Henry A, Wise, mem- ber of congress from Virginia, acted us second for Gravee, and George W, Jones, meniber of congress from Ten- nessee, seconded Cilley. The four con- gressmen who were witnesses were Crittenden and Menefee of Kentucky, Duncan of Ohio, and Bynum of North Carolina. At the given word Cilley fired first, and almost instantly Graves respond. od. Both missed. A consultation be- tween principals and seconds was now held with a view of ending the affair, bit they failed to agree, Cilley 14 reported to have sald at this conference that he “entertained the “highest respect and most kind feelings for Graves.” The dueliets resumed their places University Defined American Universities and Colleges says that in the United States a unl versity is: an Institution of higher fearning, comprising a college or col leges of arts, literature and science historically the first part of the Awer fean university to come into exist ence—and professional colleges of schools of law, medicine, theology, ete und especially a graduate school of arts, Uterstnre and science. In ad took - i #0 anged shots. Again Graves then demand i ond again exch they shot wide, ed another round, a ¢ more they fired. This ¢ through the hody, ground died in a Cliley was shot and few minutes, Congress was simply astounded that one of its most bers had been shot Justifis provocation investigation of the af and a commi the Was ap purpose, This com a voluminous report “the Cil from Giraves, up on 08 teemed mem death without An Hnmediate fair was ordered seven members of pointed for mittee presented other things, that Mr. note learning ible tee house that stating, among was given cept borne would challenge because clined Webb, which from all ley de to ne the on Mr, Colonel by grounds exonerate Graves . Cllley admission in Lis ret @ i he house rela font} ‘Web b he had slandered gentleman, and he theref challenge because avoid and to his to Co that ore ac the act was indispensable to to {to constituents.” The commit the himself, his family. to the con- words spoken by Mr. of a debate in the house of representatives, his refusal to assign any other reason for it than that he did not to he drawn came choose were the caus®s that led to the tragedy. The committee maintained that Graves had committed a breach of the highest constitutional privileges of the house and of the most sacred rights of the people in the person of their representative, by demanding in a hos tile manner an explanation of words spoken In debate and by being the bearer of such a demand or demand- ing a reason for refusing to receive it. The committee held that the send- ing of a challenge by one member to another member and killing him in a duel was a still more aggravated breach of the privilegee of the house, snd was the highest offense that could be vommitted against either branch of congress, against the freedom of speech in debate, and against the spirit and substance of that consti tutional provision that for any speech in either house the members shall not be questioned In any other place. “The present case is without any circum: stance of extenuation,” sald the com- mittee in its report, which praised Cilley as a man of high character, whose death could not be excused by any circumstance, whatever, “not even by that custom, the relic of uneniight- ened barbarous ages, which wae for merly supposed to be a proof of a de- gree of physical courage, but Is In fact a signal monument of the want of the higher attribute of moral cour. age.” Graves was denounced In unmeas ured terms by the committee who rec. ommended that he be expelled from the house of representatives, and that Wise and Jones, the seconds in the duel, be censured. Action was taken a—— Pr of leave b, the lustigator ittee ided to astisement of the and of public opinion and to consult its own dignity and the de course ‘to the interest by bestowing upon him er notice." by the way, political Importance and inte born in a8 young no furt! Webb of an man and had public career. N. Y, and was a active resting ie Claverack, man he entered the second lieutenant and General Scott In the He resigned New York wen that pa- uirer he was wang Army £8 a served under West for a brief period. to Morning per merged with the | retained by the consolidated Jouranl=- Enquirer—and Whig organ. In 1881 it was taken over by the World. Webb served a term as chief engineer of the state of New York and was given the of major general. He refused appoi of minister to Tur- key, bunt the office of minis ter to Brazil. While In France«in 1865, Webb ted a secret with the emperor for the re of French troops from Mexico, led to the downfall of Maxi become editor of the Courier, and w= leading rank intment accepted General negotio treaty moval which milian., Webb a Mueliet, and fought Thomas F. Marshall of Ken- tucky in 1842. The meeting took place in Delaware and resulted in the of Webb, Under a New York law making it a felony to give or réveive a challenge, he was con vieted and sentenced to two years of imprisonment, but Governgr Reward immediately pardoned him. He died in 1884 at the age of eighty-two. Webb was the anthor of an entertaining vol- ume in which he vividly described life and adventures in the Rocky moun- tains. He also wrote a book on “Slav- ery and its Tendencies,” and one on “National Currency.” wag himself wounding Working to Compute Mass of the Earth * Dr. Paul R. Heyl of the bureau of standards in Washington is again busy in physics—to determine still more ac- curately the constant of gravitation to measure the weight of the earth and deduct its composition, For several centuries there have been experiments In this direction. But only last year Doctor Heyl, after prolonged and ‘most delicate experi mentation, succeeded in giving to the world a precise constant of gravita- tion. Now he is bent on even greater accuracy. The new observations will be carried on in a small laboratory 85% feet underground, so that temper®® ture changes may be avoided, as well ns the horizontal attracting forces of moving objects on the earth's surface, It will take several months of the most careful work with a torsion bal. ance, mussive steel cylinders and tiny, glass balls to compute and complete the fresh series of observations. dition to schools and colleges de voted to Instruction and research, the university includes divisions of lab oratories, libraries and museums, and sometimes a university press and research Institutes, Not every institn tion which calls itself a university measures up to this definition, Benevolent Oppression When sou find a father who insists on ruling his family strictly and sensi bly, he may be called an oppressor, But, at least, his children are obedient, 3 amount to something In the world, Compared with the indulgent parent, the oppressor in the home ls a bless: ing~E, W, Howe. Amber . Amber, n fossilized vegetably resin, hard, brittle, transincent abd yellow: brown in color, 18 easily electrified by friction. This Is regarded as the frst electrienl phenomenon to have been! observed and was remarked by the early Greeks. CENTRE HALL, PA. | Trees Pay Big Part in Town's Appearance The municipal Bpringfield, praised BOY erm Mags, value of At the latest count 25,000 the city an added of Ann Arbor is racing along competition under a similar me of appraisal, This plan of ation Is worked out mula. devised by Prof. of the most expert foresters, The form ustive study of I This study under examination shape at maturity, of life, the its power to adapt itself environment, “Trees zens” Is of tion land places” ' £100 on eac Five 500.000 in the tree frees asset bY thod evalu under the for Filibert Roth of American sourced In free one ila Is an exha dividual the kind of notes and length f its folluge tree its size its average character o to the loca! as Good Cit} compact useful expert e sense ol appred the subject in ha but a item sence of this item of foresight and upon of hindsight. It « construction In place of It advises a real publicity action in mu the cltizens opportunity xperience intion, a I've gath- since upon the upon nd ered the es the misfortune single from it, points value Uline ls destruction, preceding itters voice of where tie ghould be “The the city Pack gives beautiful citi ly of Washington thinking of them he memory of their of these gifted ings of rare splendor grace, The chief ¢h however, Is found in hich line and beautify their I: public grounds Who can teenth street or Massachus fF £3 any of he city with beautify talking ' ad aelight wealth of each cities great artists have creat and irm of both their magi shade trees or gircets deprived of shade tree beauty! without their {re nlize streets and familiar, city beautiful I parks with wh and see what becomes of Not Hard ‘Matter to Any CORE fully washed, decorated with some Sten anc Tiffany g to do as a plain wall paper thai has washed The easiest way wall is to prepare lows: Shave a cake ne) white soap into ¢ painted wall may be su whether it is pial novel treat ils Azes are a beeu also be Dissolve ahout quart two of bolling water, ounces of glue in boiling water, and mix the together, A little flour a thicker and a little sal goda or washing to make a solution. This jellied cleaning another quids may be added to solution, powder liquid ing rom the bottom up The wall is then wiped down the surface Is be easier apply the area with a kalso- to stand the sponge soiled it will to allowing it loosen a clean mine brush, or three minutes to Then wash off with dirt. Progress Goes On A public that demands more attrac: tive motor cars and clothing, beauti ful furnishings in the home and in- be and other rubbish from places where it does not belong are betterments able assurance. One thing is evident: ago. What changes In the line of progress may not come in the next son Dirty Home Hurts All A few clean and orderly homes in a welect residence district can never safeguard the entire community, A single filthy home, dirty backyard, or a stagnant pool may easily become the source of an epidemic of fatal disease that will sweep the city. A trash pile in the slums may start a general conflagration, Have Your Plans Correct Be sure of your “plans” before you go ahead and build your house. For in those glans lie not only the power to make you happy or miserable as they are good plans or bad plans, but in them you are Investing a certain amount of capital ~hard-carned capi tal, perhapg—that represents consider able effort of saving. ———-. Landscaping People dre getting over their tf midity about this Imposing term, land scape architecture, and realize that it simply means good sense and artls tie taste In planting flowers, trees, vines and grass, arranging pools and Building other outdoor garden fea tures according to recognized princt ples of design. | tasteless, colorless, odorless! is a finest flavor or color, in each package. pany, Chicago, Ili. Cerman Soldiers Put Wild Boers to Rou of in Thuri into action agalr were into f KE forest, not sent chsfeld, They ghborl Thuringia surrect ood o i to put down an (reds On Chickens Rapidly “Picked” fLlickens 1 #tu tul i NG revoluti to NaKes sfirit Biri y - it « one-vear-old The tots iMais is nea tion of all th S060 valua ZOO ar riy $17 Patriotic Chinese Girls Students of the Jing Nyih scl Shar ai have set a war relief work organized to help the sol at the front and to send them gifts, including and cigarettes. At a recent theatrical entertainment hundreds of girls pledged themselves to procure funda and for the “Nationalist boys at the front." Eiris ool at new precedent in Chinese They have socks gifts Fed Up “Who was it that said he would rather make the songs than the laws of his country?” “Dunno; but I'd like to make the laws for the people who make the songs we bear nowadays. "London Answers, Request Pianist—Well, I've played for your father and mother, and now I think I must do something for you. What would you like? Little Betty—A please, plece of chocolate, They Played « a Part 80 the next war Is to be with In. sects, The last one, as we recall It, wasn't entirely without Insects Youngstown Vindicator, The wise worm doesn’t crawl out untill after the early bird bas edten his breakfast, { | i like this PATCH WORK QUILTS Are agsin instyle. The fad is sweeping the coun try. Make them for your own home, or they can easily be sold at a good profit. We can supply you nly 31 00, Extracedinsry waiuel Send no money. Psy postanan one dollar plus a few cents for postage, We guarantee satisfaction, or money refunded, Belmont Mfg. Co. Dept. K, 1468 Columbus Avenue, Boston, — Pog Collar Fiates, Key Tags, ¥ hen, 208 Clare n Ave, Pike Eronomize! Charge Radio sand Auto Bal- t € 3 ‘ 1 Lip ampere ote RECTIFIER .. Box Saxophonists and Clarinetists AT LAST! MADE PERMANENT ymes to You “Gusrantesd.” THE HAND It Ce REED MONEY WANTED Fa MAIR FALLING OUT? w ith special Prices to Distributors Tern. ights. I and 3 sia a batteries $10.75. $12.7 “The Osiris Bntiory and Fluid Co.. 5365-15 Eoctid Ave. Cleve, OO. Save Dollars Big Ha me idea Abo ut Storage + vucuat § od vpn neeived A inte Bope pn DANDY PREMIUMS Sond No Money, We Trust Yon blll, nesmmmm— PPE Floater end EC — bo Dusty Premios Pht shoving Sams Ksive od Firing Tings, Comers, Wain. Few np Hind inem, Merion Bots, Uhadiedon, sin whieh wr give pon. Tou a hove Money Comision iuvend of Drexiuow i pou wish in its various INTESTINAL STAS it ble for 8 majority of humas fis—85 is claimed by some eminent authorities, Symptoms warning of danger are, dizziness, costed tongue, bad taste of mornings, gas, bad breath, palpitation, shortoess of breath, jaundice, painein mde and back, specks bee {are the eyes, ele. A safe, reliable, specdy remedy is Dm. THACHER'S VEGETABLE SYRUP, obtainable of all deslers, in 60¢ and $1.20 bottles, For Mosquito Bites, Sting of Bees and Venomous Insects HANFORD'S BALSAM OF MYRRH Money bask for first bottle If not sutted All deniers, $100 PER WEEK up and high school iq wi By t unneces- and past or Copstipstion for local men apply Kromoniz on automobiles gary: no selling; employment Kromene Corp, Dept. K. 205 WW, Wacker Drive, Ohileags, — —— ing ligqu experience slate age A dill, a dollar, A ten o'clock scholar His master said, * ‘Try SALICON, It stops such pains, "tis said. And do not fear, My pupil dear, When you this treal- mand start, "Twill not upset your stomach Nor affect your heart” The schoolmaster knew his SALICON ~knew that it could be taken with complete safety and frequeantly is pre- scribed for children. Full directions secompuny avery bottle of SALICON, w. N. vu, BALTIMORE, ‘NO. 27-1928.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers