on i | EASY LESSONS IN s AUCTION BRIDGE : By PAUL H. SEYMOUR : Author of “Highlights on Auction Bridge” Dt rpms craton « «catalina (Copyright. by Hoyle, Jr.) Article Twenty-One. Poclarer’s Play of a No Trump —Finessing ECLARER'S play of a no trump offers opportunity for the exer- good player must use. Memory, rea- soning, deductions and inferences all must be brought to bear upon the one point—getting the greatest pos sible number of tricks from the twen ty-six cards of declarer and dom my. Here finessing Is one of the most frequently used methods of obtaining an extra trick or two, and a thor- necessary. First let us have a definition: “Finessing is trying to take a trick with a certain card when there is a which is unknown.” of this higher card must be held by au adversary: declarer does fot know which adver sary holds It The simplest form of when dummy holds Ace, Queen others of a suit, and deciarer is called, hand and my's Queen is played. the King the Queen trick and the finesse Is tf senior plays low, dum- 1f senior holds will win the successful ; it and the finesse loses According to the law of averages the King will be held on each just one-half of the time and there fore this finesse Las even chances of winning or losing. If, however, u player does not take the finesse “be- cause he is afrald of losing” as sone cay, and then is obliged to lead the Queen he loses It ninety-nine times aut of one huadred is taken by tuken unless some further clrcum- stance makes it undesirable to do so. Another common finesse holding Ace and small ones In one in the other. is not played by second hand a low holding the Ace. If second hand holds and the Jack should be led. through and wins and catch the King held three guards for it one hand there Is an opportunity to thke a double finesse. (against the Ring and Jack) by playing the teh, or to take the single finesse (against the King) by playing the Queen. Experi- is advisable to take the double finesse the suit in both hands; single finesse when mare, holding nine or the other, low towards the Queen. there is an even chance Here again of winning holds the King up the Queen takes that trick. and if second hand plnve the King the Queen will take a trick later, while, of course, holds the King the Queen Is lost, With Ace, King, Jack and others di- vided between the two hands it is best decide whethér or not (it finesse against the Queen, is best there Is a alone, One of the most Important helps In chance of Its so gained. If there has been no bid. ding the best way Is to decide where it was there. a finesse one should consider the gain which will’ result from falls, cure game or a slam, while its fall ure will not endanger the contract it should be taken; but If its success would mean only a fifth odd trick at f major sult declaration, while Its failure would endanger game or con- tract, It should not be risked, Forming a Language All the glamor, the meaning-the hidden meaning, If you will—of words, is nothing but time, and custom, and what is and what ls not, combined by men through organization and rules futo a great result This result, which we call language, gives us reading and writing gives us books, newspapers, magazines gives us a range of action and think- ing that were utterly impossible with- out it. _ Theis’ are more than 400,000 words in the English language now, and of this number the average person uses only a few thousand. They suffice, The remainder awalt our usage, hoping that we will call them into life from the musty covers of the dictionaries. Surely we ought to re spond, now and then, and help a good word out.~-Exchange. Hat aoe fot By ELMO SCOTT WATSON IKE Christinas, Yulen- tine's day combines in iis traditions a queer mixture of Christian and pagan elements, It derives iis name from an early Chris tian martyr—two of them, say some historiuns—but its observance comes straight from the ancient lomans, who not only 7 were not Christians but who showed what they thought of Christianity by thelr playful habit of feeding large numbers of that re St. The first St. Valentine was one of martyrdom was not via the lion route, During the reign of the Em- peror Claudius a certain BElshop Val entinus was brought before the em- peror and the high priest, Calphurnius, charged with a series of high crimes ried to Christian cause, by his accusers, the bishop sta as the severest of a par ticular hatred of Christians, to be Meanwhile the emperor sent a secret message to Asturius commanding him every means possible to win Yalentinus back to the native gods and to try to save his life. When the was questioned by Asturius to the new religion, the Roman ex claimed, “If your God Is Indeed the light of the world, let Him prove His daughter!” “Bring her to me” answered Val Then, her sight was indeed and Asturius was so Im this miracle that he and all of his household forswore thelr pagan gods and were baptized into the sa) runs the legend, Valentinus’ Martyrdom When the emperor heard of this, he was furious, not only at the bishop He Immediately ordered Asturius and all of his family imprisoned and the Christian bishop What happened to As turius or his family, history does not record, but in the case of the bishop. the emperor's orders were carried out. He suffered flagellation and was exe from Rome to Adriatic sea. took place is Arriminium on the The year In which this in dispute. At least 0A D,2I8§ A.D and 8306 A. D.—are variously given, but It is certain that the execution took place on a day corresponding to our February 14. At any rate, the martyr dom of Valentinus, the bishop, made him St. Valentine and his remains are enshrined In the church of St Praxedes in Rome, A gate in Rome was algo named after him, Porta Val entinl, but It was later changed to Porta del Popolo. Although Bishop Valentinus was the original St. Valentine there was an other bishop who bore that name, He was from Literamma, he was also au bishop and a martyr and performed many miracles before he wus exe cuted. be But beyond that, littie seems to known of his eareer and cer tainly nothing in the lives of either Saint Valentine would seem given rise to the frivolous celebrations of the day dedicated te these (wo saints, to have Significance Lost For the religious significance of SL Valentine's day lost and the celebration of the anniversary as we know it comes from the ancient Roman feast of Lupercalia, one of the special features of which was what was called the “lottery of love.” Iu the “lottery of love™ the names of young women were placed In a box or some other receptacie from which they were drawn by young men who thereupon became their sweethearts {or the following year. How nssociat has been entirely this pagan custom came to be ed with the day dedicated to a Christian saint Is explained by an early writer as follows: It was the practice In and during a great part of the month February, to celebrate the Lupercalia, which were feasts in honer of Van and June, whence the latter deity named Februata, Februalis and rulla. On this eecasion amidst a va- riety of ceremonies, the names of the young women were put in a8 box from which they were drawn by the men as chance direcled, The pastors of the early Christian church, who, by every possible means, endeavored to eradicate the vestiges of pagan superstitions, and chiefly by some commutations of their forms, substituted, in the present in- stance, the names of particular saints instead of those of the women; and as the festival of Luperealia had oom menced about the middle of February they appear to bave chosen St. Val. entine's day for celebrating the new feast, becaure it oecurred nearly at the same time [It would seem, however, that it was utter. ly impossible te extirpate altogether any ceremony te which the common people had been much accustomed--a fact which it were easy to prove In tracing the origin of various other pop- ular superstitions, And, accordingly, the outline of the ancient ceremonies was preserved, but modified by some adaptation to the Christian eyetem. It is resisona ble to suppose that the above practice of choosing mates would grad. tally become reciprocal in the sexes and that all persone #0 chosen would be called Valentines, from the day on which the ceremony took place. There 18 one other touch which needs to be added to the St. Valen: tine's tradition to make this strange composite complete. Among the an- clents it was popularly believed that the mating season of birde began in the middle of February and from that grew the legend of February 14 as the exact date. So St. Valentine's day is a cotbination of a natural lent Rome, wns Feb. Homan “lot asuniversary of hristian martyr Just when the celebration of Valentine's day turned In the direction of sending valentines is unknown. The tradition is that first poetical valentines were those penbed by Charles, Duke of Orleans, gra ndson of Charlee V of Frunee and father of Louis XII. He was taken prisoner at the battle of Agincourt in 1415 and phenomena, the tery of love” and the death of a C pagan the St common the London for 250 before he finally ransomed for 300000 crowns Whe lndy-love was to love poems were written while there is not recorded but all of them are now preserved In a large volume In the British museum Business and Sentiment A curious mixing of business and sentiment In the observance of St Valentine's day is recorded in the that during the 27th year of the reign of Henry ViIl of England, that mon arch granted a charter to the city of Lynn setting apart St. Valentine's day ns the date of the opening of the an nual market when the housewives of Lynn bought their dry pro- visions and other supplies for the sen. son. In that part of England Feb ruary 14 became known as Valentine Market day and beribboned valentipes were sold from stalls and on the street. In so far as Henry VII had something of a reputation as being a “great lover,” It Is singularly appro priate that he should have been the one who should forward the wider observance of this day devoted to love making. But it remained for another “great lover,” Charles II, to bring the ob gorvance of St. Valentine's day to its penith, During his reign it was not only customary for lovers to send ardent messages to their maidens fair but algo expensive gifts as well. It is said that the most expensive gift presented during this period was that of the duke of York te the famous Miss Stuart, who Inter became the duchess of Richmond, It was a jewel valued at $5,000. At least we have the word of that most eelebrated of all diarists, Samuel Pepys, for it, for he, having noticed the Jewels of Miss Stuart, recorded that “The duke of York, being once her valentine, did give her a jewel of about £800; and my Lord Mandeville, her valentine this year, a ring of about £300" Fd Lt years hls fact goods, Meant Well “Since my wife left me,” walled the poor chap to his friend, "I've been going straight to hell.” “I'm terribly sorry,” sympathized friend. “Reaily, old chap, I'd help you if I could.” The Last Straw First Gangster—\Vatcha town for, Pete? flecond Gangster—Well, the roads wbout town are so bad it's Lupossible to handle a machine gun. lenvin’ SHE DIDN'T NECK “How often do you wash your face and neck ™ “I don't neck, but if 1 thought of do ing #0 1 should cerialoly. wash my face.” True Enough Mrs. Boggs—That Jinks woman oe minds me of an old setting hen. Mre. Banks—Yes, she's always brooding over something. Proud Papa! “Triplets,” announced the nurse to the prond father, “Really? he sald. “1 can hardly believe my own census” More Study Given by Architects to Color Increasingly beautiful American cities are foreseen by Harry Boehm, a well-known New York architect, as a result of the greater attention given by architects to the effects of local atmospheric conditions op sunlight and color, A materigl which may look well enough in one e¢lty may be a drab failure In anether, Boehm points out, solely because of the almost hmoper ceptible difference in the quality of the sunlight. This, he explains, is ont necessarily eaused by such obvi our factors us smoke, or dust. It may result from the far more subtle con ditions of atmospheric moisture, or density, changing the spectral eompo the light. “These conditions, however, need pe property owner er architect,” Mr. Boehm asseris. “Bulld wide, und with sufficiently deli tinctione of shade, to satisfy needs, It is simply up to the to ch wisely, and today. cate dis OORe general “He see If, rule, he Is doing so, must know that is reflected light, certain portions of which falls upon them, and re No material can appear to have a color which is pot of the light In which It is As the light changes in qual of the color, as Certain pig f the wi ments absorb other portions. viewed, color material sein wed highw motor Linve Drought a new ays and day hotels In smy jes for busi And the to meet developed wi known ve moved prot opportunit before. nptiy ew condition. Changes and lmprove made quickly. One enti o8 today Ww ma) top with re confidence hen touring, bath small most plac good bed, a in any any of the principal room, a ging food, gear appeti high Ways Ope finds these improvements wel thie vider progress complet the hotel along mall eyviaence These liighways people ave not they have bullt wetand bow certainly lofi for a bath afler =n how a They und tourist of travel, the hotel Inviting, how a clean and room is welcomed, made abundant prepara appetite the day's ride in the State Journal tions to satisfy the sharp ened by Municipal Progress enterprise furnished, of civid being Examples and are of Dallas, jesne of $24,000,000, the equivalent, city's size, of There St Kansas ( the examples of Detroit, nun other centers which iitely launched or are big improvement erous have defir advanced on pro ms The les of thizx kind of situa cannot be ignored It for every city in the to he the which municipal progress is measured The city that hesitates, allows itself to become known as n laggard now soon will be hopelessly out of the competition for more popu lation; more Industries. more eapital to be invested in new enterprises of a varied kind. No other Iarge center needs more to learn the lesson Just now than Kansas Clty. — Kansas City Star, sOn a test country wy dry or coming Home Pays Dividends Aside from the sentimental satisfac there are other reasons why a hom owned. Aside from being the dearest worldly possession and the best legacy a man can leave, it will provide shelter when earnings are missing, premote systematic saving and present an ever present incentive to abolish waste, It will pay dividends for a lifetime. These dividends will be increased when the home is clear una rent money can be saved, wit! interest. Keep the Tramps Out A plan that will keep the tramp out of town is worth more than an scheme for taking care of them afte: they get there. An arrangement for putting them to work seems desirable from two viewpoints. It would prob ably keep many out and it wonld alse provide a means of handling any tha drifted In despite the reputation of the town for putting vagabonds to work. Anniston (Ala) Star, When Surface Needs Paint Generally by ebservation of the paint the condition can be determined If this is not manifest, rub your finger over the surface and If it shows any sign of chalking or if cracking er senling have begum, repainting should be done at once Fpenic Weenie Peanut Butter sand- wiches are a most delicious and satisfy- ing lunch for healthy appetites sharp- ened in keen wintry air. Two of the QUALITY FOOD PRODUCTS MONARCH CANNED VEGETABLES, every that grows . , . and the cream of the erop . . . MONARCH CANNED FRUITS, th» “prime pick” of the world’s finest cochaerds .. . . MONARCH COFFEE, TEA AND COCOA you paid a dollar & pound, you ceuldn’t buy finer quality . . . MONARCH PICKLES, vwoot ghee hie, dill, sweet mixed sehuoms and relishes vss MONARCH CATSUP AND CHILI S4UCE, made from Monarch tomatoes grown feom Monsrch seed . . and the (amens Monarch Teenie Weenie Specialties REID, MURDOCH & CO. (Established 1833) Another Attempt Only Fair to Shakespeare The late John Drew hated bad aet ing. He would often express this hate inia witty and cruel manner. An English a« played Hamlet ene night in New York®’ and was after ward the guest of honor at the Play club. He sought out Drew there and said: . “Well, how did you like my Fan »” for ’ ers let? “Do you want the “Ses” “it was awful” “I'm afraid you're right,” said the Kogiishman., “I felt that way while I was playing. I'll never atiemp! Hamlet aganin™ “Oh, but you must,” Drew sak earnestly. “Your perfermanes tonight you has made Shakespeare torn grave Well, you can't leave like that, lying face downward You must play Hamlet Just once mere; then he'll turn over and be comfortable again.” truth 7” sald Deew he, in his hil ean yout "Ne Results Admiral Eberle at a dinner in Wash thgton was talking about a critie of the navy “This man’s criticism.” he maid “re minds me of a eolored farmer. An thsuranee agent! called on him one day and sald: “Your accident policy runs out next month, Mr. White. You're going te renew, of course? “Ne. Ah haint gwine ter renew,’ said Wash White, ‘Ah been Insured in yore company fo'teen years, sah and Ah hain’t had one single blessed ax'dent. So natheriy Ah's gwine ter change to a better company now.'”™ Rice Production Although the Orient produces about the United States now grows more than enough to suppy its own needs If Back Hurts Begin on Salts Flush Your Kidneys Occasionally by Drinking Quarts of Good Water No man or woman can make a mis take by flushing the kidneys occasion ally, says a well-known authority Too much rich food creates acids which clog the kidney pores so that they sluggishly filter or strain only part of the waste and poisons from the blood. Then you get sick. Rben matism, headaches, liver trouble nervousness, constipation, dizziness, sleeplessness, bladder disorders offer come from sluggish kidneys The moment you feel a dull ache In the kidneys or your back hurts, or it the urine Is cloudy, offensive, full of sediment, irregular of passage, or at tended by a sensation of scalding, be gin to drink soft water in quantities: also get about four ounces of Jad Salts from any reliable pharmacy an take a tablespoonful in a glass of wa ter before breakfast for a few dayr and your kidneys may then act fine This famous salts is made from the acid of grapes and Sea Julee, com cent lithin-water drink, which every. one tn take mow and kidney ‘complications, won BO Sas et ma U, BALTIMORE, NO, ste.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers