RECORD OF 1926 THE WORLD OVER More Noteworthy Events of Past Twelvemonth in This Country and Other Lands. Republican Reverses Germany Admitted to the League of Nations, Spain and Brazil With. drawing—Fascist State Estab lished in Italy—Aerial Con. quest of the North Pole. By EDWARD W. PICKARD Unprecedented progress of indus. tries in the United States, Germany's re-admission to the family of great powers, Mussolini's establishment the complete Fascist state in Italy, In- Mexican government and the Roman Catholic church in that republic, the | armies in their effort to control all of | China, the double conquest of the North pole by air, and the severe re- ! verses sustained by the Republican | party of this country in the fall elec- | tions—such may be considered the outstanding features of the year 1026. Other of considerable lmpor- tance were the coup by which Marshal Pilsudski made himself the master of | Poland: the disastrous attempt of British organized labor to aid the striking by a general strike; the negotiations of Briand and Strese- { events miners mann to restore friendly relations be- tween France and Germ of a ruptures of diplom between the U the Mexican the decision that after munities down of na-Arica Chile by of a tornado nited States ane over land the be between spute pu plebiscite INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS imisgion {oO Nations Germany's af¢ ship in the League of September sess seat nized tion of withou [laomania ts and was 1, Holland ed for two year given Czecl Salvador. U ered no certain choice Central | Ame and dacy, was The application of Turkey bership In the le action ed ra A special meeting of the held in March for the ceiving Germany's ap six states combine Igninst her ! her withdrawn. | men cage was received but was postpon league was of re but the jon of the coun- that the until the regu- had been settled Foreign Ministers Stresemann slipped away | of Thoiry ! purpose plication, ficht over the constitut cll was so determined matter was lar meeting whole post pot ¢} After it related above, Briand to the village por tion {ier as and im- restora- | and was and began for the hetween France Briand’'s peace policy ed in the French chamber, a majority behind him and | forward with good pects of success. All this time Strese- | mann was pressing for an early and | complete evacuation of the Rhineland | by the allies and he demanded | that the allied commission for the | control of German armament turn over | its duties to the League of Nations. On January 27 the United States senate voted for American adherence | to the World court, but with five res- ‘ervations. The forty-eight nations members of the court were notified and during the summer seven of the smallest accept. éd the reservations. But a conference of the members was called to meet in Geneva September 1, the United States | declining to participate, and strong opposition developed to this fifth res ervation. A committee studied the question and recommended that all the reservations be accepied, but put upon the fifth an interpretation that President Coolidge declared did not meet the requirement of the senate. Among the treaties signed were those between Germany and Russia, Italy and Spain, France and Rumania, and an agreement between Great Brits ain and Turkey ending their dispute over the Mosul ofl region by compro. mise. Despite these pacts and the conciliatory efforts of Briand, Strese- tant negotiati of full any. His am 5 later attack but Lhe had carried It pros- | also mann aml others, the prospects for ———— the complete restoration of amity among the nations of Europe were none too bright when the council of the League of Natlons assembled for its December meeting, France was still insisting on security against Ger man aggression on her and her allies to the East as a condition for evacun tion of the Rhineland and the surren der of allied control of German arma ments; and Germany was equally in sistent that, since she had been ad must be given full confidence and In the Interallied control German armaments will be transferred debtors were completed with AM. Berenger, sent Wash- ington as ambassador negotiate o settlement, succeeded far the United States was concerned, but the French government was halted In every effort to have the very terms accepted by the parliament. Meanwhile France arranged a ment of her debt to Great except to to 80 as though unofficial demand in France that the United States cancel French debt, Abd-el-Krim, the leader of the fians, continved his warfare the French and Spanish until near the end of May when, his headquarters at Targuist having surrendered he was Rif- against the sent he to French, by whom later into exile, Maj. Gen. in January took posi William the Lassiter ungrateful pleb successful than his predecessor, Gen eral Pershing, in settling the troversy between Peru and Chile. in June the whole plebiscite plan was abandoned. Secretary of State loge late in November offered that was old So Kel. anoth- seemed more for Chile and promis to Bolivia This cede the disputed provinces to consideration 'eru or certain monetary and ith the condition they forever the intained with city Was ire not , OWIDE between very to our ler, Alasks Lincoln El hely Amundsen the U the who expedit Col. Nobile of Italy, pilot of the The Nobel peace was awarded to Vice-President Cha and Sh 1 that 925 ag divi Aris and Stresema prize G. Dawes iain: tween Briand nn FOREIGN AFFAIRS Progress toward economic normality 1 Great Britain was sadly inferrupted the general strike of organized abor, undertaken in behalf of the striking coal! miners who had quit work on May 1 rather than accept re duced wages, At May 3. nearly three million workmen obeyed the order to strike. 1mmedi- the put into the elaborate organization midnight, skilled government opera tion which it had prepared for the emergency carry on essential to fife and health of the people and the Prime Minister declared general strike was ¢ the constitutional rights and freedom of the nation and he would consider no Thousands of volunteers the distribution of food and fuel in the cities, which were most affected, and troops and warships were stationed at critical points. Of course industry in general was paralyzed, but the British people “carried on” and the labor lead- ers soon realized that they were beaten. On May 12 the Trade Union Council terminated the general strike with the problems of the coal industry as far as ever from solution, Not only did the strike cost the nation huge gums, but the new trade agreements that followed its collapse were on the whole advantageous to the employers. and it was demonstrated that even If a genergl strike were not illegal, as was contended by eminent authorities, it was a futile and even dangerous weapon for the unions iv use, Though no gettiement of the miners’ strike was reached, thousands of the men, unable longer to endure the un. employment, returned to the pits under separate wage agreements, An ancillary effect of the great strike was the crisis in the Libeial party with the exchange of bitter statements by those old rivals, Lloyd George and Lord Oxford and Asquith, This led to the resignation of Asquith from the leadership of the party, which position he had beld since 1008, the services preserve Baldwin challenge peace, the to compromise, nssisted In The ninth imperial conference, which opened In London on October 19 and lasted six weeks, was epochal in its deliberations and epee cially In Its declaration hence forth the dominions in theory well as In fact autonomous units of the empire, equal in all respects, Dis of national that the dominions, while ready to do decisions, that are cussions defense of the navy; and in particular they de clined to help pay for the creation of the great naval base planned for Sin hereafter treaties with foreign that will have thele own diplomatic representa tives The dominions their gapore, make OW nations, aod those desire It already has named Vincent Massey Its minister (o Washington, Mackenzie King's liberal government in Canada June Governor General Byng would not dis solve parlinmment, and Arthur Meighen, Conservative, headed the new cabinet, The parliament was then dissolved and on September 14 general abroad. Canada resiguned In defeat for the Liberals and the return of Mr. King power. laron Byng was succeeded by 10 governor general, On December 1 the tario voted overwhelmingly In favor of law and province of On- abandoning its prohibition substituting a under New Prince Canadian Of tem liquor sales This left Scotia the control, Nova Isiand provinces, government Brunswick, On Edward France had her usual suce governments during the year, each tr the problems 1a settle country's financis and of riod Rover ried sever id finally Rayn was made fing economic ng the victims Herriot once, nr premier in formed a cabinet containing pariiame rough legisla- by A188 ugar premiers 3 vith strong tary for ion for and government working iuxuries, sour » election of municipal offi i 3 May 19 he proclaimed inauguration the Fascist syndicalist form of ge for Italy. He quarreied with Germany over the Tyrol, France antl-Fascist plotters did their plotting there, and stopped other Balkan na- from helping revelutionists ir Albania by signing a Achmed Zogu's hands warning. the attacked times by assasmins but suffered no ine Jury fing on of complete wernment with because tions treaty with government fusu a Of and ing a Between times duce was several save a slight wound in the nose Po undoubted economic under Premier Skrzynski, he was forced to resign in May he proposed to the military establishment and the personnel on the state rallways but Though the young republic of land was making DrOgress reduce Witos became premier announced no change of policies aid of part of the army staged a coup d'etat and occupled Warsaw and the government offices after a three-day battle. Rata) became acting president and Bartel premier, but the marshal was the actual dictator. Moscicki was elected president soon after. In Sep- tember the parliament cut down the government budget, so the cabinet stepped out and Pilsudski took the premiership. Gen. T. H. Pangalos proclaimed him- gelf dictator of Greece on January 8 and was elected president three months Iater, but in August the Lib- erals, under the leadership of General Condylis, overthrew him. In Septem. ber a military revolt against the Con: dylis regime was suppressed after a sanguinary battle, After the elections in November Alexander Zaimis was appointed premier. Dictator de Rivera and the royal dynasty of Spain sur vived several plots for their destruc tion, the most serious of which was planned also for the establishment of an independent Catalonian state and was exposed by the French police Portugal had her share of attempted revolts, too. Commander Cabecades took control in May, President Machado resigoing. On June 17 Gen. Gomes da Costa declared himself head of the government, and July 9 Wik General Carmona, who On he Hmellght Early In Jan gary the four-year-old Prince Xlichae! was proclaimed helr apparent in place of his father, Prince having hig wife, his rights and gone to Paris woman A Wis il des replete Rumania was In the Key Carol, the abandoned with an named Ferdi regency of whole to the King nand's wis serve event The romance ith incident with and sensn fairs and political quarrels with Pre Bratiano, In October extended tour and Canada Nicolus and Reports of her, Marle made an the United Prince States bring Princess king's Liur- er. the serious iliness reaching she to put Carol on the throne. ite and gO cen The struggle between siz in Mexico, which on since the middie of the last hus been ing tury, reached a critical stage with the of President Calles effect constitution relating held by former were required to the f 1 1 at Of the sinte, ials. All determination into full the clauses of the to priests and the Catholic church register, fatter, nominally the p by loro ay iergymen wis taken over foreign « their mim of the criticism of {OO Conse and all disc in uskion Controversy the forbidden. print and mental were law were Many arrests, and occasions deplored part of world {1 Over in denound ontinued 1 fect space, ing pro charge depart for federal March the road consti In senate unseated Brookhart in favor Steck, Democrat, irookhart was nominated {epublicans of his of the succeed Cummins, both and their state to of the of the cotton demand for relief leg- Farmers, belts continued wheat corn states economic doctors could agree on either the diagnosis or #0 nothing of moment was i i | £ subject was thus a chief issue in the fall elections, sharing prominence with prohibition enforce As the ment and modifica tion. result of the balloting the senate of the Seventieth congress and their majority-in the house was much reduced. Their hold on the up per house was retained only by the election on November 20 of Maine succeed Fernald, and the expected adhesion stead of Minnesola, whose Labor party had dissolved. The primary campaign for Vare in Pennsylvania and Smith in Illinois had created such a scandal that a sen- atorial committee headed by Reed of Missouri spent much time investigat ing the charges of corruption and slush funds, and the Democrats promised to try to keep Vare and Smith from tak- ing their seats when the new congress should assemble, Both wets and drys claimed victories in the election. The question of prohi- bition, in the form of a referen dum, was on the ballots in eight states, the question varying. In New York, lllinols, Wisconsin, Ne vada and Montana the wets won, In Missouri, Colorado and California the referendum proposals were defeated. Al Smith was re-elected governor of New York and thereby made good his position as a potential Democratic nominee for the Presidency in 1028, Congress opened its short session on December 6 and next day President Coolldge's message was read to It Gould In deceased, of Ship Farmer fo Conceding that there would be tle for Httle more than the necessary ap propriation legislation, he yet made many recommendations, The more im. portant ‘Lax relief by reduc of tax payments doe in March and June, 1927; relief for the farmers, without to fix Philip prices the «vil branct were ; tion income attempting early transfer of the the military to the government; from of legislation : pines branch banking outting radio con trol under Department of Commerce; enactment of such prohibition enforce egixlation as the ment | usk : devel A lus bors gene eel walerway ; col control Democratic n un for ii STORE dertook to intr # neasure general taux re jor but the jority of the house wa) that and means decided there should be no tax legislation whatever during The first bill passed senate of also the short session by the house wus the salaries house and 4h, treasury {ost office The Im Federal ing S8HMK5 peachment proceeding W, Ei becca Judge G dropped Ln Iinol I.. Smith Precer convention City on / father, "rr ria Col. je officers The int rejected Le an S rit i merger ! ) i Plate, Ch peake & Erie, Hocking Valles and Pere Marquette railroads, and Van merger in the ye the Sweringens pian that year vised another promising. DISASTERS Prophets who foretold grase convul sions of nature during 1926 were right Storms, floods, and earthquakes numerous and terribly life and property, and weather condi tions were abnormal In most of in the United States was the tropical that swept across southern Florida on Sep tember 17-18. About 300 persons were killed, thousands injured and a prop were destructive of countries disastrous atl tornado tained. Relief measures were swiftly taken and restoration of that part of the country's winter playground was begun at once, in January: Great floods in and western Europé ; coal mine explo gion near Wilburton, Okla, 91 Killed; mine explosion, Helena, Mont, killed. In February: Ind. £1,200,000 loss; 16 killed by mine explosion at Horning, 'a.; snowslide near Bingham, Utah, killed 70; torna- March : 30 burned to death in Siberian motion picture house; Shakespeare Memorial at Stratford-on-Aven burned ; furnace explosion at Birmingham, Ala, killed 22. In April: SISO000.000 fire in oll tank fields at Obispo and Brea, Calif, ; 40 killed by explosion on tank. ers at New Orleans and 256 at Port Arthur, Texas. lo May: CUyclone and tidal wave in Burma fatal to 1.200. In June: Great storms and floods in H- noise, lowa, Mexico and Germany; earthquake in Sumatra Killed 283. In July: U. 8 naval ammunition de pot at Lake Denmark, N. J. strock by lightning and destroyed, 21 wen Killed and property loss of £100.000, other Sumatran earthquake about 400, In August: 8.000 by floods in Hupeh province, Chiba; storm In Louisiana killed 25; mine ex- plosion Clymer, Pa., fatal to 44; | earthquake in the Azores, 24 killed. In | September: Destructive floods in Mid Western train wreck Leadville, Colo, 27 dead; hurricane : 150 dead; in dle states: nent Encarnacion, t Yera Cruz, Mexien Mine ex *pt by hurrican« In October: oslons at wood, Tem south Africa, killed 0600 property | stroved iM Frederick Welcl ¢ cken, Germ R. Ll. H« mons midg J. Tucker, { of Dartmouth. in | artist; | Louisiana ; president em Arthur Jule Goodman Fuqua, D. P. Davis, noted Florid real man ; Moffett author and journalist; Commissioner | Thomas Estill of Salvation Army ; Eu | gene V. Debs, Socialist leader ; Thomas Mott Osborne, prison reformer; Johr G. Shedd Chicago financier; Charles | M. Russell, artist; Ma). Gen. George | Bell, Je, U. 8 A.; Harry Houdini magician; Charles E. Fox, eminen) Chicago architect. In November: | mous marksman ; October : H L governor o estate Cleveland Annie Oakley, fa James K. Hackett Des Moines, lowa; Clement Shorter English author; Joseph McKenna, for mer justice of U. 8. Supreme court’ Mrs, Herman Oelrichs of New York; Leonid Krassin, Russian statesman Jean M. Browning, Inventor of fire arms: Carl E. Akeley, naturalist. in December: Bishop J. J. Davis of Davenport, lowa; Charles Ringling famous circus owner; Clande Monet French painter; Senator Wm. B. Me Kinley of Illinois; Nikola Pachitch, Serbian statesman; Jean Richepin, French poet and playwr L. Whitman, penologist; orth, noted Paris dressmaker, UE by Western Newspaper Unload)
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers