PROBLEMS FACING
Shall Chaos or Reconstruction in
Europe Foiiow the Great
World War?
CLASH OF FACT AND THEORY
Socialistic Idea of Conditions in World
Where All Men Are on an Equali‘y
Takes No Thought, Overlooks
Basic Fact in Nature.
o
Article XXV.
By FRANK COMERFORD.
On November 10, 1917, the bholshe-
vik government was born. On Dec. 10,
197. the bolshevik government abol-
ished private ownership of land,
claring all real estate the property of
the state. On February 10, 1918, they
issued a decree declaring all state
loans, internal and foreign, null and
void, confiscating all maritime enter-
prises and all private banks to the
state, and nationalizing foreign trade,
The constitution established the
communism land In the following
words:
“For the purpose of attaining the so.
clalizatlon of land, all private prop-
erty in land is abolished and the en-
tire land is declared to be national
property, and is to be apportioned
among agriculturists without any com-
pensation to the former owners, in the
measure of bility to till
1.”
The peasants of Russia seized
land. They willingly followed
command of the
did not take the
property. They
de-
of
each one's
the
but they
community
communists,
new order,
land
are not
ns
ning had never satisfied them.
der the old regime the pe:
alloted land the unal Mir.
The Mir held title to the land and di-
vided it by The ancy
er-on the land was uncertain
the Mir system,
the
Then
Mir land, a n
wns
ow
sants
by comm
lot, ter
The average length of
lease was about thirteen
came a new di tion of the
compelled to the
strip of lan«
drawing. This
peasant all in
into He
Improving land ;
At the next drawing
£0 to another, and 1
ed on a
neglected
from
from
it his best
notive
lncement to pr
the land
the !
it uw I probably
he In he shift-
piece of land whicl
nnd
Experience fired the peasant with
thought, one ambition,
and. to have a
something to work
80 at the
socialize
vik
istic
to the wishes the peasants.
Led to General
letween the
rm to deteriorate
to own his own
and work for
the
nd we find
on
ontset of
the If
gover ent atte
mmping a
Disorder,
vill Russi;
the great landed estates
etary land. Thess
lands In the ity
cared wr, When the
the land was given
ed toward i
tllages fought with each
possession and division
tem 2. This was
ning of general disorder,
war,
The attempt.
ed to force its program abolighing al
private of land. They
tifled the confiscat land,
pian of land communism. by saving
that the earth belonged
that private title to land +
and corrupt, that every
have all the land he
work, and not an
gued that if a
than he could
would happen; either
the land to rem: i
be a waste, or he
to work it for him.
man would he
or a
hore
anges
order
the tw
the proprietary lands.
other for
of these
the he
amall
ying at
iting estate gein-
civil
bolshevik government
ownership jus.
of the
ion
should
could actualy
They ar-
more land
of two things
would allow
which wonld
BCT More,
man had
work, one
he
would hire someone
‘hey sald the hired
either a farm laborer
tenant; whichever relation he
to the owner of the land, he
would be compelled to turn over part
of his labor to the landowner. In one
cage it would be called rent, while if
he receives wages, the wages wold
represent something less than the
value of the hired man's crop. This
would be the profit taken by the land-
owner, They called this exploiting the
worker. Instead of this condition, they
reasoned that the farm hand should
work this land and keep the full prod.
uct for the state. In the plan of dis
tribution the state, the owner of every.
thing, promised an equal distribution.
The bolsheviks argued that thelr plan
would make a better citizen out of
the hired man and give him an Induce-
ment to work. He was not to work
for himself, but for the good of all,
It was a fine bit of Idealist, but en-
tirely centrary to human nature, It
had to be worked out by humsn be.
ings. Two things happened. One class
of peasants worked the land only
enough to produce what they and thelr
families needed. They reasoned, “Why
should we work after our needs are
supplied?” This natural attitude of
mind reduced production, The theory
which promised increased production,
in practice decreased production,
Refused to Share With State,
Another class of peasants went onto
the land and worked hard and pro-
duced much, but they refused to give
up the product of their labor to the
state. They reasoned that the result
of their lnbor belonged to themselves,
Both individunlists
Neither commun
practice, the
tion of hom
them,
Clusses were
group wore
particularly
communism ca
ists
when aperg-
me to
For a time those peasants who had
a surplus sold their product to
government, For {it they
questionable paper money
doubtful value, Then began the hoard-
ing of farm products. The
manded manufactured things
they in exchange for
farm products, The government
not have the manufactured
the peasants needed and wanted,
proletariat of the cities was hungry.
It was up to the bolshevik government
to feed them, or fall Raiding par-
ties were sent out. The “Red” army
wns used. The peasants stood together
to protect their property. The
zation of land failed. Production
the farma fell. General poverty
sulted, The problem of the
government provide food
cities still remained. With the
of communism ‘of the land, the
ment set to work to cultivate the
proprietary on a co-operative
plan, Graft, inefficiency of administra.
tion, and the unwillingness of tne
peasants to work, caused this plan to
fail.
Kerzhenstey In the “Izvesti:
provinelal executive
January 22, 1019, gives a
the situation: “The
the viilage soviet of the Uran bogpugh
present a shocking picture which
no doubt typical of all other
of our provincial soviet life. The ch
man of this village Rekh
nd his nearest co-workers, have done
ell in their power to antagonize the
population against the
Rekhaiev, himself, has ten been
in an intoxleated condition and
asaulted the local
up of
which
needed,
did
on
re-
bolshevik
to for the
govern.
grent
estates
' of the
committees of
pleture of
facts describing
is
corners
aire
soviet, a ley
fn
soviet
of
found
he has frequently
inhabitants. The heating visit
wis an ordinary
In the village of Blere-
zovka the peasants have heen thrash.
ed, not only with fists, but have heen
assaulted with sticks, robbed of their
footwear and c into damp cellars,
earthen floors, The members
executive fommittee, Glakhov,
Makhov, and others, ha
further. They
requisition parties”
but organized pillaging
of which they hs
vrs Yond
on the recnle
occurrence,
ast
the
Morey,
even
ve gone
ized
noth-
8, In
have or
which
were
fry leo
ing sé
Hrse ive used
wirewrnpped sticks
trants. The al
its, undan timony, veri
by the
fled soviet commission, por-
very striking picture of vio-
When these n the ex
ttee arrived at the
mbers of
lence
town.
Sadomovo they commenced to
It the population and to rob them
nnd of thelr household
such as quilts, clothing
No rec for the re
med goods were given and
paid. They |
the spot
which they
Is the testim
leader.
assanl
1stufTs
eipts
no
money even resold to oth
of
had requis
ony of a well}
ers on KOMe the hrend.
This
nowe
bolshevik
Reports Flogging of Peasants,
The bol Latzis,
“Izvestia” of January
“in the Velizah county
ak
the
mittee
reports 5
15, 1019,
shevik, in
Vitel
they
autho
the peasants by
vied con
The Krivos
marks In the
May 10, 1019
are taking from th
bholshevik,
Severnaya Communa™
“The soviet workeps
Ie peasants chic ‘kens,
geese, bread and butter, 10ut pay-
ing for it. In some households of these
poverty-stricken folk
cating even the pillows
and can lay
hands on, The peasants natural
feel very bitterly against th
wit?
wl
i
they are confis-
and the ss
: LIRO-
VATS,
their
iy
everything they
¢ soviet
11! "
THe,
The
the
borough meetings of
forwarded
published in
they say:
peasat
province of Kostrom:
a resolution Lenine
the “Izvestia,” In which
“The members of the soviets are rul-
ing they are violating our will and
are tantalizing us as if we were dumb
cattle”
The
to
us;
peasants are hiding
rubles, holding them for a day
they hope that the blight of
munism will pass and sane democratic
government will reorganize Russia,
bring order out of chaos, establish
freedom. Their safety-deposit
are empty bottles into which the peas-
ants stuff the paper rubles and then
bury the bottles, They look for a day
when a stabie government will re
deem these paper promises called
money, which today are of little value.
It shows their lack of trust In the
government and its banking system.
It also points to the Interest they have
in the passing of the bolshevik gov.
when
com-
the coming of a new state,
Many of the peasants who seized
land are conscious of the dishonesty
their pessesssion. They want good,
honest title to thelr land, Several hun-
dred million rubles were sent to the
government treasury of Omsk by peas.
ants asking that they be given honest
title to thelr land.
(Copyright, 1920, Western Newspaper Unton)
Allies to Deive Turks Inte Asia.
Internationalization of Constant].
nople and the straits of Dardanelles
has been decided upon along the lines
laid down by Premier Lloyd George
of Great Britain in a recent speech,
certain, the newspaper says, that the
seat of the Turkish government will
be transfered to Asia Minor, and be
located either at Brusa or Konleh. De-
tails of the form of International cen
trol which will be established over
Constantinople have not as yet be
come known
fon
wheels fold up to the side.
When ready to drive the
HINTS FOR CARE
OF SPARK PLUGS
Autoist Knows His Engine Is Out
of Tune When There Is
Failure to Fire.
DIRT IS CAUSE OF TROUBLE
Carburetor May 8e Out of Adjust.
ment, Giving Too Rich a Mixture,
or There May Be Too Much
Qil in the Cylinders.
the mo
failure of a spark plug
wt freq
trosrital
11 troubils
of
the automoblie engine,
ist should kn hat to do
occurs. When spark plug
or fails to
tune or
stantly noticed by the
tion set up in the ear,
of Generally
caused by the plug
elrculted through
bon on the porce
is termed sooted o
by several condit
may be out
rich
much
abl © Ales
the
nent
OW Ww when
the
the eo
This condition Is in-
irregular vibm
and by the
the trouble
becoming
Hisses,
fire, ngine 1s out of
balance,
power,
»
the collection of
sf the plug
These pos
should looked into if
ig chronle.
trouble
If the plug Is foun«
coating clean It tl
porcelain
quite cl
! to have a blac)
wroughly so that
pein
is white the
¥ 3 od
HiaKe £
Typical Sections of Spark Plugs, Show.
ing How Carbon Collects on Surface,
Causing a Short Circuit.
easier If the plug Is soaked In wood
aicohol. Then take a sharp-polnted
tool, a knife answering very well,
wrap a plece of rag around It, and
scrape the plug all over, getting down
into the recesses,
There various types of
the most common being the porcelain,
shown In Fig. 1. The inclosed type of
plug will fire longer without the need
of cleaning, but it is hard to clean,
it has to be taken apart.
plug is taken apart, great
are plugs,
care
and when reassembling it,
joints must be made gas-tig
of short-circuiting by car
The modern plug is so made that it
will not come apart, and, while it is a
harder to clean the individual
they cannot be handled
it is not so much trouble
andl even though it be but a
minute crack, it must be thrown away,
as the carbon seeps in quickly, and the
When buying new plugs be sure to
get the type that is made for the par.
ticular engine to be fitted. In addition
to the numerous special plugs, there
are two sizes of hexagons in use, one
soven-eighths Inch across flats, and
the other 1% inches across. It Is an-
noying to find that the spark-plug
wrench will not fit the new plug in-
tended for use, especially so when one
cannpt get at the plug to turn it with
an adjustahie wrench, It is a good
plan for the autolst to carry an extra
get of spark plugs, so that in case of
failure on the road the bad one may
be replaced without the necessity of
cleaning plugs until the return to the
garage is iade~Popular Mechanics
Magauine.
Feoseerssssocrsrriersrrvvescrresy
|
HOW 0 DRIVE
ifax Automobile
prepared
in the name
NERO
ft series of
of the
ovement, The In-
to all mem
Most
» the following:
the
sent
association.
other driv
er
4 CPEPCPEIPEOPELGECEPOEPEEELEOCEOCEPET ELON PE
ge NII LAIN rr rr tot i rresssrtasneate
PESEEVOT EERE EP EPEC OOEEPOEP OOOO
AVOID SMEAR ON MUDGUARDS
Heavy Piece of Cloth or Other Suita
ble Material Will Give Ample
Protection,
smear the
Rreass
is easy to seratch and
evards with
work on the en
11d do well
best garage
orl eyer
gine
to fol
times of engin
enough
from
h
GLASS SPARK PLUG CLEANER
Comparatively Easy Matter to Make
Effective Device—Carbon Removed
in Jig Time,
to make an
cleaner, as fol-
tubing
long, In each
bore each cork
saded bushing of a spark
the tube with sand and
sert the spark plugs and
briskly. The sand
will clean out the carbop
easy
end
to
device
in jig time,
—————
AUTOMOBILE
+1 GOSSIP. 2
A warm engine takes less fuel than
a cold one.
® - *
The brake mechanism seldom gets
the lubrication it deserves,
. Ad -
Clean off carbon with a cloth dipped
in gasoline or a brush may be used.
- » -
When it is absolutely necessary to
run on a flat tire keep the tire In soft
dirt" if possible.
- . -
Don't blow yeur horn In an attempt
to hurry a herd of cows off the road.
It can't be done.
» » - >
Excessive play In the main shaft of
the gearset may cause the gear shifter
levédr to be forced out of position,
is * - *
The addition of a little pure flake
graphite to the lubricating oil Is a
help to motors that have seen some
wear,
- . »
A storage battery will run down
quickly If the terminals occasionally
touch the cover of the steel retaining
box,
- . -
Small bright metal objects, such as
screws, may be blued by the simple
process of placing them on & plece of
sheet metal and holding over a fire
until the parts helng treated have ns
sumed the desired color,
- - -
One of the most useful methods of
conserving the life of the springs Is
to cover them with boots of leather or
| Imitation, #
a
Tired and Worn?
Does summer find you ti
all worn out? Do you
backache; feel Jame and
without life or ambition?
reason why peel
your kidneys have weakened
causing you to feel so miserable, Get
back your health and keep it! Hew
the weakened kidneys with Doan's
Kidney Pills. Doan’s have helped
thousands and should ‘help you, Ask
your neighbor!
A Virginia Case
f. M. ¥ ng
Strasburg, SN
pays: “My Niners,
were out of orders &
and I had a lot of
pain in the small'§
of my back, es-
pecially when 1
pent over, It
séemed as though
the muscles in
back
and 1
straights up 49
Doan's Kidney Pillis were
ed, 1 got a box and they fixed me u
all right’
Cot Doan’s at Any Store,
DOAN’S *
ASPIRIN
“Bayer” on Genuine
od, weak
constant
stiff, snd
There's a
rely
are
Name
badly. Lil
and
you RO
were
nenmst
1 boxes
recammend.
© Mor
Adv,
mark Ba
Mester of Balicyl
BROUGHT HIM TO THE POINT
Maidens Confession Was Something
Most Dilatory Lover Could Hard.
ly Affect to Ignore.
is trade ver )
a Box
NEY
PILLS
oncetionc
Pimples
rashes, hives, red-
ness and skin blemishes ean
be quickly removed with
Glenn’s
Sulphur
Soap
Delightful in a warm bath
before retiring soothes the
nerves and induces refresh.
ing sleep. Druggisis. «
“Hill's Hair and Whisker ye,
Black or Brown, 50,
ked the
JUST MADE HIM HOMESICK |
Cockery Book Brought Fond Recolizsc
tions to Colored Doughboy
Serving in France.
the Satur
kl he
chocolate ice
He was very black,
vening Post, and in
looked coffee and
After eating a hea
American Red Cross canteen
down “with nu
The kind-hearted
in hi
aver once or twice in 1}
Enys
his kha
Tr
Re
non] |
PRA LE
he
near the coun
cream. rity 1
the
sat book
ter, worker
was surprised to
Sow cheeks
this will
“Is there
n his
due
ng
plied :
nashome
sholy am
sal
myself,
muke
wiby outen
book
sick.”
She picked
reading
and it
ang al
“How
done me ding
heneath
turbance
ave ad
then,
up the book he had been
It was the canteen cook-bool,
at the
Chicker
SL atls "
eClion on
was
to Fr
Op nod
His Special Gift.
nEHector visit ;
he say So—Too.
f a’ speech 10 the as » wong a bashful
A scl
schools over which
onl
sembled cf n he wished mined
the
want 1H
to propose 1
great y
he called
1 keep
should always sec)
some one thing better the
an do It.
n anyone glse
begin to
yOu
ng 5
,
etter than anyone el
A youngster
“And what is ty”
“1 can read my own
‘ban anyone else can”
held uy
iressed it to
signed his name.
he
Why not now?”
the card, ad
writing iis best girl, and
aid 1)
saa U touching
tually
led it.
answered it
soene
Film Prints.
“Are you striving to leave
in the sands of time?
~onstituent, i — oa
“Footprints the Committed.
mean nothing fuss in the
ator Sorghum.
ent is to do something
able posterity to say, ‘T
ler, when they see your face In a mos |
~gatisfactorily,
in
19"
candi.
Sen “What's yard
“The a at pros- | ur dog has just bitten a
on date.”
i “1 w
politics
nowaan
<h would of
intend vote for
I &'pose I'l] hafter™
keep out
] to
that feller, hut now
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