* Past Twelve Months—Politi cal Upheaval in Russia Affects By DONA THE WORLD WAR. ~_ After (hree and a half years of most sanguinary nghting in the great nations of the world, er with many of ihe smaller still at death grips, with of an early peace than was tl exist a year a Undoubtedly e ment of the year was the entra the United States of America eonfliet. The throwing mendons resources and man pow history togeth ire PONS wet 3 avg 1 atest of r the American republic inte the balance on the side of the ontente allies opinion of military experts bh than off-set the advantages gait in i } in the 15 Germany and Lier allies during the past twelve mouths and has made possible the continuance of the conflict until time when a definite military decision can be obtained. There have been a half more oulstanding events iu the past year. of these have purely military sigulticance and others have been oecurrences of a political na- fure which have had a far-reaching © fect upon the titanic conflict. Chief among the political upheavals of the year was the Russian r which resulted the Czar Nicholas hr the closing months of the ecunfoer-revolution which practices eliminated Russia from the the nations opposed i ¢rs. From a chief events the lavoching subnidripe campaign dozen or Some been of i {- oh { volution in oy z an ited during | rear in lly i ranks 4 LD F. BIGGS. jared, | i y The relations between Germany and "led arch 18 by the receipt of reports the* sinking American stentuers, the of Memphis, Il- nois and Vigilancia, fifteen of the lat- ters erew belng lost, March 21, a proclumation calling in specia) session on Apri The American fenldton as torpedoed without warning, March 21 men including seven Ameri being lost, Umited States Declawes War, On April 2, President Wilson | peared before a joint ses®on of con~ ¢ y oa of three Clty Un aged steamer py P COUN, state of war with Germany. On Aprib) 4, the senate pussed a resofation de-| | cloring the existence of a state of war. The resolution adopted by the house of representatives April' 8 and’ was signed by the president the same) day. At the same time 91 was Germun«| Cuba de- is severed diplomatic relations with the United Sintes. : The British forzes on the west froat | began the first great offensive of 1947 | appointment as Michaelis. declared war his success On July 22, cainst Germany, and Georg Sian . 11 of the allled nations to sixteen, British Launch Great Offensive. The British launched their great offensive of the year Flanders front on July 21, on an 20-mile front from Dixmude Warneton, after three weeks tense artillery preparation, The Drit- ish foreed thelr way inte the German lines to a depth of two to two and a half. miles, a ten villages and more than 5,000 prisoners, Pope Benedict, on August 14, trans- mitted pence proposals to all belliger- ent and neutral The Italiar on the king + | & governments, forces opened a grand offensive August 10, attacking ua front 40 miles long from Tolmino to the Adriatic On August 25, the { Italians captured Monte Santo, nn Aus trian stronghold on Ts front. Two more nations entered war on the side of the allies [ir Au 14- | beria deelaring war on Germany Ang- | ust nd Ching declariag war on | both Germany and Austria-Tlungsry 14 On August 2S, Wilson's reply to the peace proposals of Pope Benedict was made public, It declared that “we cannot (ake ftw word of the present rulers of Germany as n guarantee of anything thot Is to endure, unless sxplicitly suppor¥ed by } such conclusiver evidence of the will ; and on 4 i sy the ZO 117 Zust, » i 7. August - it 4 Other allied governments later adepted President Wikon's note as | thelr own reply tw the pope. i Early in September the Italians csp yee to make progress In their drive fie Isonzo fremti. srmouncing { } { en lines and! 27,000 pris i Austrisn sesultiag fn the capstre of aneTe. Chaos Threatewy in Fissia. | @hncigions in Russ grew more cha~| itlons north and south of Armas to a | i from two fo three miles. The Fresch foryes huncled an oft fensive ngainst the enemy om 2. 25-mile front between Soissoms amd Helms, April 10, and after Miree dayy ficlging i i $ of tie Rosxizn armies; on Septembery 10 dkmended that dl! ctvili amd mili- tary powers be placed’ inn. fs hands. | Premier Kerensky immediately deel posed! Gepernl Korn! Wf andi ofvil war wn EF i 8, 30 were killed and other members of | hurt in a ship explosion at the eabinet of the provisional govern- | On the same day an ex ment On November 10 | koba killed 100, | the rebel government mude Lenine pre- | the 1 ish transport imier. Kerensky, at the head of a body {In a colli GoD | of loyal Cossack troops, attacked Pe- | borers heling lost, 12, but wi The bolsheviki were appar- | tral and . | from Petrograd 1 } 13] cys i sion ot wire arrested, ma 4 ori M« mdi ¢ fon, South Africa November 18 badly | defented. vember 22, when the ment proposed a g all belligerents, American troops on the west front suffered thelr first (ities on vember 8 when German troops ralded | sons April 30, a salient held by the Americans, kill- | Hastings min fang three, wounding five amd taking | April 21, 12 prisoners. ©On November the | { American patrol boat Alced sunk | by a torpedo and 2 During the lost and the early 22, Lenine govern. meral armistice to | nando wrecked part of the city of New Albany, Ind. Explosions in a Russian « i i + 111 L Cas An explosion io near Ludlow, Crile. e caused a loss of 119 lives. May 2 ry, wa Ve ’ oe) 0 Was devastated by fire. Thirt | lives were lost oad great damage was jays of November done by an storm is Kansas May 25 and of Decembe the following day tornad sorts to | THinols killed 150 persons and destroy- captured | od property worth millions of dollars nd Cambral but the | Mey 20, many persons killed in gertion of Ube | tornadoes in southers is, Ken- nilictimar losses | tucks, Temmessee, Alabmma and Arkan- st ro-Germnm | sas, 2 offenvive tn Italy 8 December, forciag the Ital Js for a distaney of several soe point g. I were lost, 16 the part r the red | regain some of the rritory | by the Br British held { ground paken, | | on the Sermans. forces begna a new i | early | Germans made detew ‘ ’ h aron 1 a large i Were beavy $y ars Safsador, capita of | and a mnnfer of surrounding were partia®y destroyed by veleunic | svuptioa, earthquake and fire Jane 7. | ¥ore than 108 men perished in @ Maz ing mine at Biogte, Mont, June 9 tewn wes killed and many injured in towns Fare i { ines miles at Cis i Early in December it was announced that a large number of national guard | | troops from he United Stutos load ar rived In Frimoce, frome every | jatate being reluded. On December 1. | Christopher CoTambas at { Mie United Stites congress declared | Wiss June 30. | fle existence off a state of war with | A Niagara &orge trolley carpi The folloving day { Into the rapids, July 1, and 28 wern i# wes gapourncsd' that the Anerican | killed] A ndfe cxplosion at 1Tew Wat destrwger Jacob Jones had been sve terforf, Cape’ Breton, killed 62 men hy & German sutimurine with: of lows | OO Juiy 25. if 38 men ff A rsine ‘Tle Bossian units sit ovine? NEY exytosfory at Ry May < a, sfuntion was lmthey 4. Nin#een were lent when the Brit: fxh stecmer Cliy of Athens, carving missionaries tor A¥ricm. was sunk U) foating mine ox August 10. Eighteen were kilid in @ troflhy ear collation sear North Branford. Conn, A tus! I On .fupust 18, & disastrous swept Salbniki, Oreeow, destroyli rye part of theecity, $lany persons were the BHolsfieviki gomvmmment lavmehod Ly Génessly Koledioes and Kor Soff, (Cossavk Benders Bittsh, ¥Vreech andlosfian troomion: § December 10, capotmred Jerusohem whic for 473 years Pow een undermihe | vndisguted sway of tHe Moslems, On. December 10, [9 was announeed’! that Eussisn and Temon emissaites rl ¢ = i a Hed in 8" iF provista of which warsilimt peace See sotiktione sould beglo tinpuediately. THE WAR CONGRESS dmermed 11o great’ foedts In Nitsk Smee Africs, October 2K Shout 1.200 perrees wire killed and Hmiltens of dollars woirtls of propexy 1 § i measure. On May 10, President Wilk | son selected Herbert C. HooV¥er, chair- | tuan of the Peigian relief condasion, as head of a food control bour® and following the pass. nge by cougress of a {ood-control Bill, ! Mr. Hoover made food adminis : On August 21, President Wil- | mon issued an order fixing the basic prices for bituminous coal In the pro- ducing districts the eountry. On | August 23, President Wilson appointed { Dr. TL A. Garfield fuel administrator | for the United States, On August 30 the United Stotes wheat eommittee | fixed the Basie price for the 1957 crop i at $2.20 a bushel, DOMESTIC AFFAIRS The Danish West Indies, purchased from Denmark for 25000000, passed wnder jurisdiction of the United | Beates January 27, apd were renamed Virgin i Serious , July than Ws fave La tar of pw 1 the §4 ’ isa race riots In East 8t. Louis, resulted in the kililng of 20 negroes ne Ai | ore and two white and a heavy property loss by fire. riots folie by prosec- men A were i r wtete officials and #4 congres- investigation. rs of the T {(cclored) race riot Tex., Angust resaiting of 15 whites and several ! went y-fourth U, rted a 8 infantry fl iH 1 in the deat Degroes, Interest | November York i i i win { i ¥ t £303 3 il in the general elections on was centered In New where Soclalist feated by large majori- Hylan, Democr nomi- nee, was elected meyor of New York ower fusion, Republican and Socialist comdide tes, Iz Milwaukee, Wis, November tem policemen and a woman were kill- sl B the explosion of a bomb found iti: w ebmrch d taken to police head- quirrters, Thirteen ne risreial 6 1 a 3¢ fre Br Heago, atic > an groes, convicted by eourt participating the race riots at Houston, Tex, August 23, were hanged ot San Antonio, December Fi. r td iver life sen of in A ethers a » Lr i were g | tinpes, pn ry ‘ Tie Libuse of representatives, on De- copier 17, a resolution, al- reads. adopted by the senate, submit- ting the a oonstitutionsal amendtoent for national prohibition. adopted to states reported the eaptues of move thas 17,- | thremtuned as Kornilf, at’ ‘he head. § a " > - i 000 pri Re : Jo wihrgs § of 4 iy hed on f THe Jus “wor sessior Wf Mee Sixty? ond fre which fe awed 3 eodlision 10 i prisoners. iPotragrad. The redstlion ollapsed, {3th compress which oped em Apri 3 thie Serbor at Halifixn Ni. 8. betweany The first American ema dies fa the however, om Sept ember 1X when 2’ was tHe numst momentons session ing fats Bisnc. w Fremeh munition ship. var were reported Apri 28, when the {qenemt Korniloff agreed to.surre nder § tbe History off the Unltedd mies up 104 pnd the Imo, laden with supplies fod ] dimteoyed December by an explosi.. Sei responsi! T <> Uniled States into tl ish offensives on In the Arras secio MEXICO AND UNITED STATES The n en the United fraction J Mates Mexic which had threat- * het nw ard iis + and stil later on the & tween Arras and St fan again Yolucino fo the A Ca ni ol nsve of the Austrians ngainst Italy in he o Oy the Te rahe 8:0 and other count on the side of overthrow of K.n on the demand offensive Greece her allies and < tn themselves the greater developm nt American Peace Eff As the year opened tl movements of import: were those aimed by G aliies the Roumania ami attention upon the request that by President W belligerent nations state the ter on which ht The replies further action by the United a peal emaker, but on January < ident Wilson y 8 i g§ of U ort Fails. yy » to compiets is fwoiny il a that the vari ms up » a Haernasod peace Lug be discus States us y 2 Pres- in he declared should guide the United States in participaiiog in a league to enforces peace at » close sat war. On January the inauguration of rut warfare. President severing Germany on February J. ie Cunard liner Laconia wus sunk without warning off the Irish February 25 with the loss of 13 lives, Including those two American woin en. On February 28, It was announce d that the United States government was “1 ¢ announced legs Subtudrine Wil diplamnd $0 promptly, iu" fous Wilk. const of rimmed American Ameriean gunners wore bse. ¢ American Fleet im Action. May 4. The United States srmy draft bill | became a law May 18 when President § measure and issued a proclamation fix- § ing June 5 as registration day. the early part of June grow- During ¥ ing unrest im Russias began to attract the attention of the allies, On June i.1 kmen and soldiers Kron- tadt. the Russian fortress defending Petrograd, and repudiated the provis- tonal government, On June 3, the morlesn confmission to Russia, end led by Elihn Reot, and the Am¢ rion railroad commission, headed by Joho Stevens, arrived safely at Rusalan On June the Russians possession of Kronstadt yielded % negotiations and recoguized the pre- vislonal government, In the meantime the Americas prep- | or seized - ports i. 5 rapidly. On June 5, nearly ¥0.000,000 men of military age registered for mill nder the selective draft law. On June 8, Major General John J. Pershing, who had been selected to head the American expeditionary { forces In France, arrived with his staff ‘in London, i i : tary service 0 in the ach ¢ | ington reported the safe arrival ! France of 100 American aviators, firat American fighting forces to re { that country, 1 King Eonstantine Dethroned. A solution of the Greek situation, { which had endangered the operations | of the allies In the Balkans, was reach- in possession of a communication ad- | ed June 12 when on the demand of | dressed by the German foreign minis | France, Great Britain dnd Russia, King ter to the German minister at Mex- { Constantine abdicated in favor of his feo City, instructing him to pro- { second son, Prince Alexander, who was pose nn sllinnce between Germany | known to be favorably inclined toward and Mexico, and to suggest that {the allies. London reported another as soon ns war with the United States | big rald by Zeppelins on June 13, in was certain, the president of Mexico | which 157 persons were killed and communicate with Japan, offering to | many Injured. mediate between Japan and Germany. The subscriptions to the first Ameri- As an reward Mexico was promised gen- | can Liberty loan closed June 15, the eral financial support from Germany | loan being oversubscribed by $700, pnd he Feconguest of lost territory in | 000,000, Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. ! On June 206, It was announced that The United States department of | the first contingent of American troops, | sinte snpousnced, March 12, that it | under command of Major General Si- had determined to place armed guards | bert, had arrived safely in France, upon aH American (merchant vessels | The new Oreck cabinet, headed by galling through the German war zone. | Eleutherios Venizelos, went Into office March 14, it learned that the | on June 27 and two days Inter the new American steamship Algonquin had | government severed diplomatic rela- been supk without warning by a Ger | tions with Germany, Austria-Hungary, man submarine, On the same day | Bulgaria and Turkey. China severed diplomatic relations| On the first of July, the Russian with Germany und seized German mer- | forces, under the personal Teadership chant ships in the harbor at Shanghal. | of War Minister Kerensky, electrified Czar Nicholas Dethroned. | the allies by launching a powerful of- On March 15, the Russian revolu- fengive on an 1S-mile front in Galiein, tionary movement, which had begun capturing many strongly fortified with food riots and strikes, ‘culminated | towns and taking thousands of pris- | in the abdication of Czar Nicholas both | oners. For two weeks the Russians for himself and his son. Pending the contintied to advance along a front meeting of a constituent assembly the that widened to 100 miles, but on July government was vested In the execu 10 the Russian offensive collapsed and tive committee of the Duma and a turned into a rout, when many Rus. newly chosen council of ministers with | lan regiments mutinied and fled. Prince Lyoff as premier, Kerensky succeeded Prince Lvoff as ‘The German forces on the west] premier of Russia on July 20, front, on March 17, began a general | The first politienl crisis in the Ger retirement on a front of 85 miles from | was om The first American. cnssmities ina war prepa-.! new Fatienal army srriviag of their] asntenments Septonader 5, Che replies of Germany ceed Awstrin-| posals were made yablic September 21. { They accepted the pope's offer as a bo- sis for the beginsdng of segwtiations nut made no definite concessions, Italians Driven Sack. Th great Ausrolerremn offensive srainst the Italians wes launched | alomg the Isonzo frant Geteber 24, sod | retaken all the territory wen by the | Malang in (we months” figinting and | bad overrun sil of northern Italy, The United States gan to tale n more active part in the fighting dering October, the first American {rooge go ing Into he first Ene trenches In France om October 28. On Goteber 17 the American trangport Antilles, re- turning from Frarge, was teepedocd’| and sunk, with a loss of 67 limes, The | second Ameriean Liberty Joan ot} 000.800. Several more Seath Amerk | can nations teok a decided stand nl favor of the allles in Owtober. Peru | | broke off diplomatic »elations with. | Germany, October 6 and Uruguay took | on October 26 Brazil declared the exist | ence of a state of war with Germany. { turhances in Germany during the | month, a mutiny of German sailors at | Ostend being reported October 18. On October 30 Count George von Hertling was made imperial chancellor of Ger many. Chancellor Michaelis having re- signed, On the sea the chief event of the month was the sinking by two German ralders of two British destroyers and 12 Scandinavian merchantmen they were convoying In the North sea on October 17. On October 31 the Ameri can transport Finland, returning from France, was struck by a torpedo and eight men were killed, Italians Stop Invaders. Big events crowded fast upon each other during the month of November. The Italians, after reforming their lines back of the Tagllamento river, were forced to execute a further re- treat, Talling back to the Plave river. The Italians, re-enforced by British and French armies, which reached the Italian front November 205, withstood repeated nttocks launched by the Aus tro-German armies, holding their lines at nll points along the Plave, On November 20 the British opened the greatest offensive of the year on the west front between St. Quentin and the Scarpe. In a surprise attack, be- gun without the usual artillery prepa. ration. the British Infantry under Gen- eral Byng, headed by a large force of tanks, smashed through the Hinden- burg line toward Cambrai, taking many towns nnd thousands of prisoners. Russia was thrown into eivil war during the month by a counter-revolu- tion by means of which the bolsheviki, under the leadership of M. Lenine. thant tine. The Swt wer Ml passed hy congress | was ome autleriziag the -ssmance of | ol srnn amet not cereeding $5.- Belgian H#tiet dommiission. INDUSTRIAL. ANT ECONOMIC: Tioritrstrial Mite Waited ¥ fie u ATest Tens through off war eonditl by tary of the xeesmry to Jurehase se- curities« of governments ® war with namy to: Se atoount oF EE00,000,- | Fand Smtes {Arpt as a result tx spite off effomns made jarverniment, gliRd by Tenddibrs of organ tort uber. to povent strikes } or Lg ipt The i Rey ANY CONST lew act Titov the Bouse April 23 by a vote of 307 te 24 and by the scate en May |, sonm by wyote all 51 te B Barly In the year mm matic n-wige- The frst Big war appro rintion bill, § strike of the skilled raiitved employees, earrying: agpropeiations sgEregatic vific® had been swertedlin 1916 by | $3.25 ROM 5MIee for the semy and -masaee of the Jxddaason hw, PI viding 4 tha s 9 . . navy, wns uesed in he mse May sdleeetly for Lo.inornase In WAZ. with ome opgosing vote ands the sen- . . “ | was sguin threatened, owing ate May 10 witheet a roll owl f2aot shat the placing of the Adamson Tim messure Known as the espion- Fis uw operatiom was dbikyed pending | e oot, intended to prevent disloyal |. geelsion by tHe United States 3G» te. on. the part of residdnts of the | ome court om: its. validity. 708 United Staies aad also cotadning Pros | cxrentened strike -was averted March visions gisihg the presides power to plese nn emberge on « Xperts, was : whic) te 5 to 0 or aK CLE Was | sonegers, On the foillbwing day the Tnited States Supreme court handed rem 8 decision hoMiing the Adamson fw esnstitutiotey Terteome troubles. were precipitated (in fie Arizona copper fieilis July 1 when se pdners strueis Dimeders weis.de . " $ v nl : The »od eontrol act, ander which ¢ ported from sswvernl points and broad: powers were River +» the Dresi-] uly 12 the peophs of Bighee, Ariz, de dent for the regulation off the sale of | 00d 1.200 members of the Industrial { Workers of the Wonid, who ii was ¥ & bill appropriating £46000,000 for the devabpment of the sinservice was passed without = record wote by the senate an Jase 18 and ly the house | 0 a Ok the seaate July 21 by a wete of 81 to Gillin, copper mises. ©n July 37 32 The second great bemd Issue ack yw W, leadezss wes deported antherizing the issuance of bonds (9 Gallup, N. M. the amount of $7588045640 and was ge [ W. W. L in Angast 1, Frank Lib lender, who hed beem ened {or two years or more to result | im open war to disappear pariy in 1097 the tien of the people of the United States focused important matters by of the United States into the world war, the Mextesn “crisis” faded from the public view, Desnite f began re an when stten- wn Mi nore entrance the failure of negotiations with the Carranezs government Prest deat Wilson ordered the withdrawal of Septernber 8 and in the senate Septem | gone to take gart im a strike of miners ber 15, . | and where Ne was alleged: to have The revenue act, fies troduced 33 | jade speeches attacking the govam: the house May 0, was passed by We | pent, house May 23, but was not passed by A serious. Hemp of all shipbuilding the senate until September 10. ®he conference report was accepted @cto- ber 2. The message provides for the raising of nearly $3,000,000,000. anna- ally, largely from income and sseess profits taxes. The second big war appropefations act, carrying a total of £5.508.608,- 016.03, including $635,000,000 additional for the emergeaey shipping fend, was approved by the president October 8, The second session of the war con- gress opened December 3, aml the fol- lowing day President Wilson delivered a message declaring that nothing will turn the United States aside from Its task until the war is won During December both houses of con- gress opened far-reaching investiga tions Into the war preparations of the war and navy departments, DISASTERS ON LAND AND SEA The year 1017 was marked by many dsasters on land and sea, aside from those resulting from the land and naval operations of the countries at war. Thousands of lives were lost and millions of dollars worth of prop erty was destroyed by fires, explosions, earthquakes, tornadoes and other de- structive agencies in all parts of the world, On January 5, an earthquake in For- mosa caused the death of 300 persons, On January 25, an earthquake killed 50 persons on Ball Island, Malay archi ‘man enbinet during the war resulted south of Arras to Solssons, falling | on July 14 in the resignation of Chan. wolzed the government at Petrograd on ¥ plants in the cosnlry was. threatened in August and September. Machinists and bollesmakers In Eastern ship- yards went on strike August 2 and 25.000 skilled mechanics and other workmen struck in San Prancises Sep tember ¥I. Om September 20s Prosi dent Wilson named a comsnlesion, headed dy Secretary of Labor Wilson and representing both emplomers and employees, to act as his persenal rep resentstives in allaying labow trembles during the war. Franeisco shipyards was ended Sep tember 26 through the efforts of the government mediators. Leaders of organized labor in the. United States took a decided stand throughout the year In support of the government preparations for war amd against antiwar propaganda. At the annual meeting of the American Fed- eration of Labor in Buffalo in Novem ber, union labor pledged its solid sup. port to the government in the presecu- tion of the war. The railroads of the country faced another crisis during the closing months of the year when demands were made by the four brotherhoods for wage increases averaging 40 per cent, affecting, directly and Indirectly, approximately 2.000000 railroad em- ployees, Labor troubles of the year were closely allied with economic develop ments, growing out of the inereased cost of ving in the United States. In order to prevent further increases in prices government regulation of many industries was undertaken as a War ” 3. General Pershing and hed out of Mexico af- in that country almost on February his troops mar ng been a w osc Oe: March 11, Genernl Carranza was formally elected president of Mexico. Prem this time on conditions in Mexi- beeame tranquil and there wean evidences that President Carran- va on more ras succeeding in restoring order It was not unti in the year that Villa again became ae~ tive. On November IR troops led by Vins alds, captured @finaga, on the Asnerican after 2 hard fight. Several hundred Carranza soldiers fled acrnss the border and were interned in he United States. inte border, POLITICS IN FOREIGN LANDS A spirit of unrest was apparent im muny widely separated countries In 1097. leading in some eases to revolm- tion and civil war. The revolution In Russia. resulting in the abdication of “gar Nicholas and the forced abdies- som of King Constantine of Greece were events closely ailied with the war. Disturbances in China, Including { i $ { | i til June 30, when wader the Inffmence of monarchists, Fenan Tong, Manch emperor, announced his resumption of the throne of China. Civil war im- mediately broke out and om July 10 the attempt to. restore the monarchy collapsed. On July 13 the monarchist army, led by Chang Hsun, surrendered after a battle st Peking. The repub- lean government was firmly establish- ed again and later declared war on Civil war fa Ceba threatened to dis . rupt that country during the early menths of the year. The rebels were badly defeated in several engagements and on March 7, Gomes, their leader, was osptured. The rebellion was stamped ont quickly after the captare of Gomer. Great Britain continued to wrestle with the Irish problem throughout the year. The Irish nationalists, on March 7, demanded immediate home rele and marched out of the house of commons in a body. On July 25 a convention by Premier Lloyd George and representing ail factions in Ireland met for the purpose of drafting a home rule constitution for Ireland. Rome misunderstandings between the United States and Japan over far Fastern matters were cleared away hy the signing by diplomatic representa- tives of the two countries on Novem. ber 2 of an agreement by which the United States recognizes the fact thik Japan has special interests In China because of its proximity but guaran teeing the territorial integrity of China and the maintenance of the open door poliey in that country, . i
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers