OFEN AIR HOUSES. I seems we are creeping back to wards nature in poultry housing, the very tight, or the artificial pected. sion from the ber: “Br. John W. Dwinell, ot Topsfield, Mass. bullt an experimental Wood's Open Ar Poultry House, and tried it eut last winter, two types of air houses were built, and both have proven mich more satisfactory than the «losed buildings, the Wood's Ronse the favorite it ap peared «i Bas a scratching part to the south of the roost room and there are monitor windows along the south roost room, We get the following descrip “R. P. 1.” of Septem as vod i west window, no opening of any sort tiang north or east. Dimensions for 10 feet. This gives much alr space snd a steep enough slope to the roof of form. beat of any breed usually awarded tn White Rocks. Farmers general purpose fowl In future we hope to see large farm the Mrs supplanting Jerre B Home Journal, CHOLERA. mongrel crew. disease so dreaded by the ag cholera, and when it once a foothold in a flock it is very bard to check. The symptoms of chol gets being greenish. The the disease generally in three or four days. highly contagious dis the excrement yellow color. and fatal is of bird a“ proves Cholera a soarded floor was built, and set on posts above the ground, inverted met- al caps were placed on the posts.” this plan causes the house to be much drier, especially the floor part, and keeping dry is an essential part poultny success Hens need wuarters as well as ligent ties, The fowls were house all winter, the entire of soratch shed was covered mesh, galvanized netting, not ire front, either, for Illustration shows three boards at bottom he : “dry” intel coun confined to thi southsids with fine the en ”m i * room, on the west, 8S. C. Rhode [sland Re kroed, and eggs in the from 85 to 80 per cen of all the the | ran | hest were strong and thrifty. E yield exceptionally good | all winter In cold the water in drinking pall was skim- wed with while in the closed bhowses, on the same nights, water | froze solid Mr. Dwinell is certain perience that the open house is best for the fowls, is warm: er than ioged building, is more smmflortable at all ti that fowls keep in better condition, lay better, | and produce more <hicks™ Why will water the closed houses? the poorer ventilation, and the moisture | from the confined xis The open | front house allows a volun of pure alr to enter all the . ugh to mix with and drive out the impure moisture laden air Then on sunny days, how it is in the ch shed Aside from ting of the house on featnre, for this ins ef drvness, and sential than dryness, ego the fowls’ feet Where fowls large 1 h are and how mt a dry cold winter, EB C.. in the Indiana 8 Were spring fertile; chicks gg severe weather | fre from his ex- front poultry 8 C es harder in | Decause fron ireeze of fo time, enc 0 CORY the onen nothing is run at thov lay of than a damp one, — | netics how mu happier bett ter they Farmer POULTRY NOTES The chicken louse breathes ts skin, therefore any substance penetrates the skin causes death suffocation Sunflower both feeds that furnish festhers, also promote e tion, yet are too rich fod generously If hens are kept they will be mueh happler and healthier and will | 3¢ much more profitable for thelr owners. Keeping busy is fine for Seth the hens and their owners Keep the hans scratching in ter, np to bodies: this means deep litter for us.who keep lL.angshans, but see that there is some ment for them to scratch. Those who have a good basement | and furnace under the house, have | the finsat chance for running incuba tors and raising early broilers. No Brooders are necessary, K is generally conceded that there is 8 certain shane which a fowl must | havo in order to produce the greatest | number of eggs. An oblong body, an equal and posterior part divided shanks, is the rule. The White Ply. mouth Rock seems to possess this shape more than any one other breed, There should be depth too, so there fs room for the digestive organs to do lots of work. Study your pullets and bens; select the “egg shape” much as you would the “milk ghape” If purchasing a miloh cow. Dispose of those not some where near the ege shape, and give better sare to those left. that | from | oll meal fine oor 44 seed and are glosay produc. to be | in fats busy dry iis tik on h . thelr induce breast at the WHAT BREED? Tha question is often asked, “Which breed of chickens are best?’ Usually answered hy suggesting the breed mostly admired By writer. So I fol low sult. In the past I tried several kinds and found none superior to white Plymouth Rocks and few their equal in general average qualities. They are prolific layers, good forag ers, kind, gentle mothers, not persist ent sotters, fine for table use, com mand phigh prices for fancy fowls, bring as much In ordinary market as other breeds. Last, but uot least they aro a thing of beauty and joy to those who care for them. In Poultry Shows we find them surpassed by 5 none in purity of plumage and beauty it comes all birds disease, that feed lightly on composed of equal wheat bran little flour mixed in. scalding hot milk and sea Make the mash Get one-quarter powdered sulphur, cop um and alum, mix thor 1dd 2 tablespoon for each mash t times an water and grit, improve in forty- them and burn the Rural World move parts of cats, with a Mix with pepper. crumbly, not sloppy cansl ly. and dozen a birds hree day Sunply cl if thes not eight hours es. ~Colman's PEN TURKEYS. turkeys penned resent it and h appetite. A turkey exercise and will not thrive long in close riers. It Is a good plan to have a house or shed, with remov- DON'T on't keeg while some qua at night. One side, or at least doors should 1? fitted with to give ventilation. When the turkeys are to he caught, remove the roosts, as they interfero with the work if turkeys get their windows, ye ighest trees, or r oof of a bullding. 'HE COCKERELS. pay anyone to take some prepare a place where the be shut away from the a lot of soung cock gly tormenting them t get to grow as they birds are kept or for sale as breeders, gell the two SEPARATE It will #8 the tn zh than it have made better cockerels we ch, keep full pounds ea doeg to their yme Journal Ire, BOOKS at be KEEPING han: when universally than been essional poultryman books his bid is the exception that the any account of the ex income from his fowls. did, there would bde a improvement in the farm Home Journal. near has frees wed $5 we wita -Farmers’ A POULTRY BUILDING A new $3000 exhibition building helng on the poulit ry erected {oe 1§ at Salt Lake. The bullding will be constructed entirely of steel, and glass, 67x80 feet and 1 be one of the finest buildings of kind in the United States. The will require an additional $1300. Farmers’ Home concrete wi of No Chance on Spooks. Is the New York public superstl tious? A Forty-second street auction sor insists that we are, and adduces this incident as proof of his conten tion: One day there came into hig shop a table to be auctioned off. It was a table with a past. It had belonged to more than one mediom and had figured In many a tipping seance. The anctioneer expected that paychic his tory to boost the price of the table and he related it in his characteris- tically racy fashion before the bidding began. Instead of exciting competi tion that table inspired fear. It was regarded as an interesting curiosity, no one would buy. A price had been set on the table nnder which it was to that figure, it was withdrawn from the sale. On five different days did the auctioneer introduce the table with the same preamble. On the sixth day he oinitted all reference to thd table's psyschic powers, and Kk fetched a good price, His deduction Is that the average New Yorker has more or less faith in spiritual mani festations and he doesn’t want his re pote disturbed by mysterious mes sages delivered through the medium of uneasy tables—New York Times, fire brigade, and has submitted a set approval. The government owns over cent of the raliway mileage r ELECTRIFYING AMERICA. for Telegraph and Telephone. More than fifteen million miles of with each other. Of thls amount about telephone systems, the rest hy the telegraph companies. The length is enough to encircle the globe at the dn fact, it must be even greater by this time, as the above figures, though recently published by the census of- fice, refer to 1907. At the 1880 cen- report. ed 34.305 miles of wire, about one- ninth of the mileage of the telegraph companies. In 1907 the telephone was eight times as great as the telegraph. In the amount of business done, sum pald In salaries and wages and the capital invested in 1507 the telephone business was a little over as the telegraph industry, and during that year it furnished employment for more than five times as SONS. Between 1502 and there an addition of R,0688.918 mlles of for the use of the telephone systems as compared with an increase of but 250.611 in the mileage of owned and leased wire for commercial telegraph purposes The increase in mileage of the telephone systems d ing five to more than six times as as total amount of wire telegraph business The use of telephones exclusively in operation of the we 1902 many peor- 1807 was wire the wire ur. the years referred was great the added 1850 ral to since road the by conmxtion with has ithou roads A irban roads carly rec dvantages of the telephone trie inter the 2 oO d atching purposes the larger steam rallroads have been disine stitute the telephone {for graph The bulletin points out that it gi the first statistics for the commer 1 wireless systems already estab lined to sul» the vig clal lished and states that they were op erated at « loss of $47.628 In There were six commercial wireless telegraph systems in 1907, operating 122 tower stations, located at most of the large ports of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, the Gulf of Mexico, the Great lakes and in Hawall They Fansmitted 163.617 wireless messages Ct ver the telegraph wires in 1907 there were flashed 368.470.0508 messages, of which §.860, 1907 my sh 4 were eablegrams It Is shown that $05 of the clties with a gopulation of at least ten thousand in 1900 were equip ped with electric alarms. It pears that for 1907 there were 120 719 fire alarms rece polices patrol per cen fire ap ving) Concerning signaling the says that there were 41.961, 650 call --Now York Sun OLUE SIGN FOR NERVES Cerman Hotels Joining Teutonic Anti Noise Society Little Dilue signboards, bearing re condite devices, are appearing sporad- fenlly in various parts of Germany. Thess the particular at the over the doorways of spiritual rect hotel bidding outward badges of tude of the tors, men rye prog who of their establishments nerve-racked travellers those % signs and portals which they adorn; pouthful and the giddy aged, who love bustle, chatter and music, will elsewhere. The new Teutonic Anti Noise Society's special aim is to eén- list hosts who will agree to provide ghutters to all bedrooms, 80 that they may be darkened at will, a sitting room where silence broods over the scene, doors which automatically close without banging or creaking, si lent dining room service, an alarm should make yuo enter for wr £ be surely awakened without calling vp every other sleeping wight on the game floor, and to danish the music room to an annex entirely apart from building. So far so good But trouble will assuredly erise over the solemn promise to keop a black the main names and descriptions of persons cursed with raucous voices, resonant any other faults likely to jar the nerves of sus- Memphis News Scimitar. Result of Observation. A little girl from an east end slum west end of London. in the course of the meal the little aristocratic company by solemnly pro- pounding the query: “Does your husband drink?” “Why, no.” replied the astonished “How much coal do you burn? What husband any bad habits? Does your son go to work?" By this time the presiding genius of the table felt called upon to ask “Well,” was the Innocent reply, 1ady, ana when ladies call at our house they always ask my mother those questions”~-Chicago Journal, China has more tham 1,600 walled A STAY-AT-HOME WOMAN. Spent a Night Away. American women tion of being restless gadabouts, not perhaps without having given grounds for the accusation: but American woman who is a homo Mrs. Kate Walker bas lived In the lighthouse on Robbins reef for twen- have any mystic significance imply- an impending departure either, For fourteen of those years, ever gince her husband's death, she her self has been keeper of the light. Robbing reef is a ledge a mile or go north of Staten Island on the port glide as you up the bay. You reach Mre. Walker's home by scram bling up an iron ladder after you have reached the spot—that is all it is, a spot—by boat, As that is the only means of reaching Mrs. Walker's establishment it is easy to understand that it isn’t a rush yigitors that keeps her at home She not only has the light to main- tain—~and she has never failed in that-—-ibut there also a siren run by an engine and a fog bell, both of which must be kept going in thick weather. Mrs. Walker takes a long nap in the afternoon so to keep on the alert at night. The machinery regulating the light which 8 a re rolving one, has wound every hours. She the light never off her mind at night, and that even § ghe up ove ry hover Before her husband the Catskill keoper fart! sail ¢ 0s once are as to be en she sleens wakes wien went she ha the nee she Tost once; OU 8 became been Her never and led on au NArrow-ral front tO0—I8 beyond ‘that only water 4 —-Harp®'s Weekly. Troubles of a Humorist. Mark Twain approached friend, a business man, confides the fact t ming in that they we his assistance ¢ once ang fmt dal of thought were ith such ra beginning that he stenog gems for his bhrain w pidity re even to sparkle needed th at rapher, in eyes, and WF a a fine young fel low” ths friend “He came 10 my office search of a sition, but 1 didn’t have an ope am sure vou will ind him all right” he a humor?” Mark asked cautiously. “Oh, I am sure he has—in he got off one or two pretty witty things friend hastened nd you one said. recently in O “Has of Sen8e fact, himself recently,” the to assure him “Sorry. but he won't do, then” the \ with a ; head why not?” writer said, of his “Why, rized query. The would-be onfidential air 1 tell er. was the omnis mip interfered I can’t afford to laughing. and it with the work Times No Cold s in Antarctic Region. Lieut. Sha ackleton tells of a curious of life hen the Antarctic regions. The daily journey is of course | atmospheric conditions involving the extremest cold The danger what is called “eatching cold” ie increased by the fact that the toll of dragging sledges over les of snow and broken ice lands the work. ers at the end of the day in a con dition of profuse perspiration, Nevertheless, during the whole of shenomenon in i } taken under of mi one of the adventurers suf i at following on exposure to extreme cold. wand voyage nearly man, in cluding the commander, had catarrh —~Seotsman Why Quail Are Scarce. Hiunters complain bitterly this fall at the scarcity of partridge. Hardly | any have been bagged. The quail, | which were so plentiful in the sum- | mer on the flats, have all disappeared. | It fs thonght they have migrated | south. Several years ago the quall | were exterminated by asevere winter | and the cover was restocked with quail | gocured in the south. It is now | thought a mistake was made in not gecuring Nebraska quafl. The same thing occurred last year, when the birds that were very numerous early in the fall had all gone before the shooting season opened. The Dans ville Fisk and Game Protective As sociation will doubtless secure a lot of western hirda next spring. - every 4 Fearlessness of Seagulls. A Glasgow doctor who was recently touring the Highlands bad a some what unique experience with seagulls while passing through the Caledonian Canal. The birds were, as usual, fol- lowing the steamer and were being fed by the passengers. To prove how tame or bold they were, the doctor fed them by placing pleces of biscuit on his cap. The birds soon displayed much skill | snapping up the food. Then the doc tor placed a plece of biscuit In his mouth. The gulls were shy at first, but ultimately one bird bolder than ‘his fellows partook of the morsel, and before jong there was brisk competi tion for the tithits, The snapshotters on board were kept busily engaged, so that there is now pictorial proot of ; : i | i 3 the incident.—Glasgow News, For t MUSIC, At night when 1 have gone to bed And all is dark and stiff Fhe nicest songs go through my head, They come and go at wilk The sweetest music 1 have heard, With words that fit just so’ sounde as if a falry bird Were singing sweet and Jow it Then to 1 learn But myself the the when | I hum, words by rote; wake the words won't song come! I cannot a note! ~Hlizabeth West Parker, in the Chris tian Register, ing “THEN” AND “XOW™ Jack and Junie hated starting to school. The loveliest fall weather was progress and they wanted to go gath- rin leaves in shut up poring over what they Both were pouting Very in in : to be stully schoolhouse, That nentally, Thelr grandfather, sitting on he porch the * understood nething of what went through their minds, and as wanted a quarter of hour til time for them to start to the day of the to him reluctant about “But 1 don’t you fine Md books said was just Lot ared ‘ in sun, Bey an it was first called them foo! * he sald Ow ich in ti ¥y 1eEe was &a ve or fourteen are to hear it, grana , eager to have any ght take from 1 school for nd Jack added hin Gram-pap, let's time ce 10 hers dont it” when | was in the hills of hills were coversd r. The neighborhood settled and there was no thought : in those days. But there were a number of growing and girls in hat especial part of the country, the fathers got togeth. er and decided to send to a town in ana for a schoolmaster. One was found who would “%eep school’ for a dollar month per head--that is he would come aud teach the young den how to shoot for the price of one end of Wis SpArse puplic school bre er [1 dollar for « 1 each month ach pupil at the was a cold “ a begs ie Arember when ou frosty morn. r first brothers and of one hea font of be stir. a ts s¢ wuth % yyy ¥ x Mia OUTED i from the ¢ allowed candies to dress By-—and went down stairs to the kitchen where we washed hands and faces in a tin das in of cold water. Hurrledly we ate our breakfast—by candle light—and got together all the books that had besn accumulated by the family dur ing their life. There were ‘Bunyan's Pligrim's Progress,” the Bible, the New Testament, a badly of Milton's ‘Paradise Lost’ cach of McGulfy's Reader and Speller. 1 have no idea where or how my parents had ever gotten together such an extensive library but 1 do know it was the admiration of those living in the neighborhood and the good preacher ysed 10 come house Saturday it “Well, by 8 o'clock school was is eession. There were about twelve boys and girls, ranging in ages from five pears to twenty Not one of could read well enough to go through a sentence without assistance from the ‘magier” Some read from the Rible, some from old books of vistory, some from regular text books, but the latter were scarce. There was fut one grammar in the school, and it was used by the entire class that was considered ‘advanced’ enough to learn their own language. “In the corner, seasoning beside the fireplace, were several hickory ‘gads’ Such long, heavy switches were brought in each morning by the teacher to use in flogging the pupils, for the old idea prevailed that unless the rod was used, and plentifully, the drazeged our clothes on dawn m were not 3 for we = COI SOP Y thom and pupils went into the school as patural enemies. And it was a Jucky boy who managed to escape a gadding at least twice a woek.™ “Oh, how horrible!” exclaimed Jun. fe. “1 would not have gone to such a echool” “1 think It worst about the funny kind of books they used,” laughed Jack. “Gee, what if we had to study from euch books! Milton's ‘Paradise Lost’ Ughi” “That's just the point, my ohik dren,” said the grandfather. “I want you to realize what the present is as compared with the past-—the ‘then’ and the ‘now. Here are my grand ehlidren, living in a fine, uptodate town with a finely equipped school and all the necessary books for a lib eral education. The school is fres The finest of teachers are employed, Ady § 4 Won be zs od most comfortable schoolhouse is far nished with proper heating aad light ing. Everything conducive 0 the good of the pupil is thought of. And yet the schoolchild is ungrateful, doesn’t like to go to school, What i he had to undergo the hardships at tending the getting of a meagre odo cation that his forefathers suffered? Then he might pout and want Lo stay at home, Why , my children, our there in Kentucky when [ was a youngster was bulit of unhewn logs and we gat on slap We before the sus was up, and we suffered intense cold We three i of! school year, parents could are a few ‘then’ and henches, started but the not afford more of the differences ‘now.’ " Jack had Ah i, hetween Junie felt fine d and Or 4 $ Lid Junie, Then looked at Jack ashamed of having dis They grandfather looked at th liked their thelr o understood he old fashioned He had nity. And there to make school looked at and why was sometimes and used never a queer language. had ir oppo both decided then and #5 grand ain would to school the ria given they go Ww meant 1 most of the chance them And ney I t baeause if RAVILE the #80 much! Washington 4 $ school, for EXPLORING My gaze chanting s¢ Was enery country: “1 will, the money.” “Here, it is” man. “TH give io “Naw Wouldn't it I'd be rh Here, my legs” He laid fiat on his back, swung back his arms and grasped the bars, and, telling them to Jet him out gradush y sw down, that awful way, In careless fashion. I beard fromm large granite stone about a thickness, a foot in height r in length: i vou first at gin = “ of +9 me pocket while ted | 4 a iss it first cat A coming beneath a yard In and fo drawn up he ss lace to pia { nany oth Then w “Dark Oo Im o to hold om in the NOWATrY The but was! ons by Le Sia guid nin dar} 1 of Ks on ears very lonz, black the tora react ark Stairs dark-—-Oh! In the regular which {| came to the top--there are 108 steps. We went into a chamber, end, crossing to a window-—or so | thought it was—and looked down Down, down, | could see a slanting chute of cement. This w used for pouring hot lead on the enemy below, filarce battles were fought om those grand grounds below, and wha' grand victories were won when Me Carthy was chief of this stronghold At last we came out into the open air. On one side was a small round the old place of execution, be to the castle We explored are not How black it stairs oo a8 ionging the eastie, while others ended in large chambers. When | returned | dreamt that night of the wonderful Rlarney Castle —Jorry J. Buckley, in the Bes ton Herald. ———— THE PEQUOT WAR. The Pequot war, which began the spring of the year 1637, was cans od by the English settiors, who en» deavored to harbor a number of Is dians who had baen driven away from the Paquot tribe. The tribe inhabited the valley ef the Pequot or Thames river, which is in the southeastern part of Connects cut, and empties into Long Island Sound. In revenge they burned a large number of English cabins and massacred the Inmates. In battle the English wore armor which prevented them from rusning fast enough te overtake the fleet Indians, who gules ly took advantage of this and contin ued their deopredations, Capt. John Mason, whose mother was killed by these Indians, determin ed to punish them. He collected nine- ty men from Connecticut and a num- ber from Massachusetts. These, com bined with a few Indians who were not friendly to the tribe, started mt night to march from Mystic to the In- dian village, a short distance away. where the dreaded Chief Sassacus dwelt. 4 : surrounded and burned the A SAR
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers