A —————— IS STRONG ON MORALITY Mr. Roosevelt writes a Particularly Strong Message In Which He Deals With Live Issues, Such as Injunc and Other Matters of Vital Inter- est to the Whole Country. of 1s the substance The annual following ie message of Presiden i 3: read mm hot) 3 + . ‘ vosevelt to Congress, as LSS Introductory. lo the Senate entatives : As a nation we still continue to en oy a literally unprecedented prosper- ty: and it is probable that only reck- ess speculation and disregard of ligi- amate business methods on the part of the business world can materially nar this prosperity. No Congress in our time has done nore good work of importance than the present Congress. There wer: ieveral matters left unfinished a! jour last session, however, which 1 most earnestly hope you will hetore your adjournment, corporation Campaign Contributions. I again recommend a law prohib- thing all corporations from eontribu ting to the eampaign expenses of any party. Such a bill has already past ne House of Congress. Let mdi duals contribute as they desire; let us prohibit in effective fashion all corporations from making tions for any politieal rectly or indireetly, Government's Right to Appeal in Criminal Cases. Ar bill House of the urgently and House of Repre com- mele but contribu p 1rpose, di ther whieh has Congress 0 past i whieh ry ene necessary should be that eonferrn the night of = into law 1s upon appeal of law of the Distriet of Ss Government nai Figi erimi | This it exists in many States: it exists in i ‘Columbia by aet of the Congress. Ii ix of course not proposed that any case a verdiet for ndant the merits should be set cently in questions 1 CASES on tae in y laf he dels on Re one district where the Gos ernment had indicted certain person s for conspiracy in connection with re- bates, the court sustained the defen dant’s demurrer; while in another indictment for conspiracy rebates been sustained by court, eonvietions obtained under aid two defendants sentenced prisonment. The may not be in each other, but it there should econfliet. asiae an to obtai } 1 has the to nn two cases referred conflict with tha appearen At present there is no way by which the Government can eanse such a eonfliet, when it be soived by an appeal to a higher court, and the wheels of justice are blocked without any real decision of the ques tion. | ean not too strenely the passage of the bill in ques A falure to pass it wil} $¢1 susly hampering the Governmen: in effort to obtain justice, wily against wealthy individuals o eervporations who do wrong: and ma. also prevent the (ayernn. sit from ob taining judtice for wageworkers who tre not themselves able effectively coniest a case where the judgment of an anferior court has heen against them. } have specifieally in view a recent decision by a distriet judge fesving railway employees without remedy for viaJation coertai ealled labor statute. seems an ab. surdily to permit a district juedg srainst what may be the judement ol the immense majority of his iwagues on the beneh, to declare peitey of resorting to the erimin law solemnly enacted by the Conere ’ and then rea uni he an i : #4391 13 5 ortunate even occurs, to ire ire L101 result an iis espe fir of wy It eol HL to ‘*uneconstitutional.’ the Government the he Supreme decide the question, It is well to reeolleet that the ~ £hie de ! Sify Have y ht to t Court real iency of the law often depends rot upon the passage of acts as ta vhich there is great public exeit. ment, but upon the passage of acts oi this nature as to which there is not much public excitement, because there 1a little publie understanding of thei importance, while the interested par ties are keenly alive to the desira. bility of defeating them. The impor tance of enacting into law the par. ticular bill in question is further in ereased by the fact .hat the Govern ment has wow definitely begun a law in those trust aud interstate sormmerce cases where such a eourse offers a reasonable chance of success Setting Aside of Judgments and Granting of New Trials. In eonnection with this matter, 1 would like to call attention to the very unsatisfactory state of our eirm. inal av, resulting in large part from | providing something to the effect | that: I No judgment shall be set aside o. trial granted in any case, eivil or criminal, on the ground of misdi | new for error as to any matter of plead ing or procedure unless, in the opin {ion of the court to which the appli cation made, after an examina tion of the entire cause, it shall affix matively appear that the error ¢om in a mise is plained of has resulted riage of justice, Injunctions. In my last message | suggested the enactment of a the issuance of injunctions, attention having been sharply drawn thi matter by the demand that the right of applying injunctions in labor cases { should be wholly abolished. It at least doubtful whether a law abolish g altogether ths use of injunctions test of law in connection with io is stitch eases would stand the ; mm which « legislation would Moreover, | believe it would be wrong altogether to prohibit the use of in It eriminal sympathy for eriminals war bands in upholding the law; and { men seek to destroy life or property by there be the courts 156 be i the junctions, 1s to to violence should mob the most sum But f the to deal with them in mary and effective way possible. s0 far as possible the abuse 0 power should be provided against bs some such law as | advocated Year, In this matter 1» lodged in the hand of injunctions there of the judiciary eh | - i +} A necessary Wile Is neverine i t ss subieet ’ It 1s with power to the possibility of grave 1huse a power that should be ex extreme ears and should uliny should be } 1 e18ed be subject to the jealous ser of men, and condemnation wi meted mueh i hol i as to the judge who Of course a judge out as fails to use it HeCessarry i » Fo st ist HsSes 11 wantonis ¥ oppressively, to strong enough be fit for his office will intimidation, especially acy, matter what the rights of the iy rel. There must be disorder. hesitation in dealing with But there I ikewise be no such abuse of the i leniop Enon any resort to vioienesd or i by econspir his may original quar no apinion be of no Hust injunctive power as is implied in for- bidding laboring men to their own betterment in peaceful anl strive for lawful ways; nor must the injunetion be used merely te in carrying out schemes 1 ts own aggrandizement » aid some big eor- © 0 poration Lynching. In connection with the delays of yn and the the the law, I eall vour attent; attention of the nation to pre- valence of erime among us, and above ill to the epidemic of lynching and mob violence that % up, now i part ol DOW 111 an other, Fach North, South, East, or West, has its own can with time jeering atl i is sprin L one our country, section, ’ Fu cad 4 fauits: Bo section wisdom spend another fir To the faults of he SHOT section; should busy trying teomings. evitne corruption at to have an awakened publie econseience, and to suppliment this by whatever legislation will add speed and eertainty in the exeentiou of the law, When deal with lynching even more is necessary. A great many white men are lynched. but the erime is peeculariv frequent in respeet to black men. The greatest existing cause of lynching is the per. petration, especially by black men, of the hideous erime of rape-—the most abominable in all the category of erimes, worse than murder, Mobs frequently avenge the eommis- sion of this erime by themselves tors turing to death the it; thus avenging in bestile fashion a bhestile deed, and reducing themselve, ‘o a level with the eriminal. amand with the necessary wil deal of wa 1] evel Lawlessness grows by what it feeds upon; and when mobs begin to lyneh for rape they speedily estend the spliere of their operations and lyneh for many other kinds of erimes, so that two-thirds of the lynchings are wot for rape at all; while a eonsider able proportion of the individuals Ivnehed are innocent of all erime. Governor Candler, of Georgia, stated Ol One occasion some vears ago: ‘‘| can say of a varity that 1 have, with- in the last month, saved the lives of half a dozen innocent negroes who were pursued by the mob, and i brought them to trial in a court of a As Bishop Galloway, of Mississippi, jha: finely said: “When the rule of 14 mob obtains, that which distin- tuiishes a high civilization is rurrend- ed, The mob whieh Iynches a negr) rharged with rape will in a little while lyneh a white man suspected of crime. Every Christian patriot in needs to Ii L up his voice in ities absolutely unconnected with tl merits of the case, and where is no | wi spirit that ‘is threatenig the in. Republic.” Governor (Jolks, of Alabama, has recently spok- {en as follows: *‘The lynching of any person for whatever cfime is inex cusable anywhere —it is a defiance of orderly government; but the killing of innocent people under any provo- cation is infinitely more horrible; and vet innocent people are likely fo dic when a mob’s terrible lust is ‘one: aroused, The lesson in this: No good citizen can afford to countenance a defiance of the statutes, no matte: what the provocation. The innocent frequently suffer, and, it is my obesr- vation, more usually suffer than the guilty. The white people of the South iddict the whole eolored race on the ground that even the betier elements lend no assistance whatever in fer- reting out eriminals of their own col- 01. The respectable colored people must learn not to harbor their erimi- nals, but to assist the officers in bring ying them to justice. This is the [larger erime, and it provokes such | atrocious offenses as the one at At- lanta. The two races ean never get on until there is an understanding ou the part of both make common | cause with the law-abiding against | eriminals of any eolor.”’ | Moreover where any crime commit- {ted by a member of one race against {a member of another race is avenged such fashion that it as if the individual criminal, but the race, is attacked, the result 1s to exasperate to the highest degree There is but rule iin dealing with black men as with { white men; it 18 the same rule that must be applied in dealing with rieh men and poor men; that is, to treat ach man, whatever his eolor, his creed, or his social position, with { even-handed justice ou his real worth {as a man, White people owe it quite much to themselves as to the eol- ored race treat well the eolored man who shows by his life that he de. i serves such treatment; for it is sure- the highest wisdom to encourage the colored race all those indivi- duals who are honest, industrious, law-abiding, and who therefore mak {good and safe neighbors and citizens, Reward or the individual ou me individual. Evil vill surely the end to both races substitute for this just the habit of treating all the mem t bers of the race, good and bad, alike. ‘social equal {to i in Seems i not { whole oue race feeling. 1% to ly in puns 11s rifts as an come In ir we 3 {rule : | There is no question of ' domination”’’ the question of relentlessly ify or ‘‘negro involv- bad men, and of securing: right of the pursuit qualities him good man the his his liberty, and s happiness as his heart, head, and hand enable to achieve it Every at the negro eriminal, ai own realize is man should enemy of lus race and above all the commits the erime of rape; and it should the highest degrees an the country, in par fail to hunt- color ed worst the negro eriminal who dreadful be felt as in against the whole race 0 offense and against ticular, the wr down colored for a colored man officers of the law in with all possible earnest ess and zeal every such infamous of- Moreover, in my judgement, erime of rape should always be § unished death, as the case murder; asault with intent commit rape should be made a cap: at least the of the court; and provision should be by which the punishment may ioliow immediately upon the heels of offense ; while the trial should be 0 conducted that the victim need not be wantonly shamed while giving tes and that the least possible publicity shall be given to the details. The members of the white vaee on other should understand every lynehis by s0 much a loosening of the bonds civilization; that Ivnehing meviiably into prominence in the community all the and evil creatures who dwell i No man can take part iu the 1 of a*human beng without {having his own moral nature perman {ently lowered. Every lynching means | just so much moral deterioration in {all the ehidren who have any knowl- (edge of it, and therefore just 20 muel additional trouble for the next gen- feration of Americans, Let justice be both sure and swift: but let it be justice under the law, and not the wild and crooked sav. agery of a mob, Capital and Labor. In deshng with both labor and cape ital, with the questions affecting both { corporations and trades unions, ther one matter more mmportant to re. member than aught else, and that is the infinite harm done by preachers of mere discontent. These are men who seek to exeite a violent class hat. red against all men of wealth, They seek to turn wise and proper move iments for the better control of eos { porations and for doing away with the abuses cannected with wealth, in to a campaign of hysterical excite {ment and falsehood in whieh the aim lis to inflame to madness the brutal i passions of mankind. The sinister i demagogs and foolish visionaries who {are always eager to undertake such a camapign of destruction sometimes seek to associate themselves with those working for a genuine reform in governmental and social methods, and sometimes masquerade as the reformers, ln reality they are th: worst enemies of the cause they pro- fess to advocate, just as the purvey. ors of sensantional slander in news. paper or magazine are the worst enemies of all men who are engaged in an honest effort to better what is bad in our social and governmental conditions. To preach hatred of the rich man as sueh, to carry on a cam. paign of slander and invective against ein fender, 3 oo with is to vii tal erime, diseretion in age timony, hand repr paste of the spiril 0 throws foul therein torture is him, to seek to mislead and inflame to madness honest men whose lives are hard and who have not the kind of mental training whieh will permit them to appreciate the danger in the doctrines preached—all this is to com- mit a crime against the body politic aud to be false to avery worthy prin- ciple and tradition of American nat ional life. Moreover, while such pfeaching and such agitation ma) give a livelihood and a certain noto- riety to some of those who take part in it, and may result in the tempor- ary political success of othres, in the long run every such movement will either fail or else will provoke a vio- lent reaction, which will itself result not merely in undoing the mischief wrought by the demagog and the agi- tator, but also in undoing the good that the houest reformer, the true upholder of popular rights, has pain fully and laboriously achieved. Co:- ruption is never so rife as in com- munities where the demogog and the agitator bear full sway, because in such communities all mora! bands become loosened, and hys teria and sensationalism replace the spirit of sound judgment and fair dealing as between man and man. In sheer revolt against the squalid anar chy thus produced men are sure in the end to run toward any leader who can restore order, and then their re- lief at being free from the intoler- able burdens of class hatred, violence. and demogogy is such that they can not for some time be aroused to in- dignation against masdeeds by men of wealth; so that they permit a new growth of the very abuses which were mi part responsible for the original outbreak. The one hope for suecess for our people lies in a resolute and fearless, but sane and cool-headed, advance along the path marked out last year by this Congress. There must be a stern refusal to be misled into following either that base crea- ture who appears and panders to the lowest instinets and passions in order te arouse set f Americans against their fellows, or that othe: creature, equally base but no baser, who in a spint of greed, or to aceu- mulate or add to an already huge fortune, seeks to exploit his fellow Americans with eallous disregard to their welfare of soul and body. The man who debauches others iu order to shtain a high office stands on evil equality with one Q an the man financial the ol corruption who debauches other profit; and when hatred which 101 IE S0WDnD f op evil, The plain who think—the mechantes, farmers, merchants, work with head hand, the men to whom America traditions are dear. who love their eountry and try to ecently by their “neighbors, Owe it to themselves to remember that the trost damaging that SiVen popular government an unworthy and sinster agitator on a platform of viclence and hypocrisy. Whenever such au issue is raised in be gained uch cas: trial The spriogs up can only people ®rs or act d can be to elect blow is this nothing by flinching from it, democracy is iteself triumph of the mob is just as evil a thing as the triumph the pluto cracy, and to have escaped one dang: avails nothing whatever if cumb to the other Railroad Employees’ Hours and Bight Hour Law. 1 call your attention to the peed of passing a bill limiting the number of hours of employment of railroad em ployees, The measure is a very mod erate one and | can conceive of serious objection to it. Indeed, far as it 1s in our power, it should be our aim steadily to reduce the num ber of hours of labor, with as a goa! country can for mn on § of we sue 1h Ray | : Pennsylvania and the causes out of which the contreversy arose, in their report, findings, and award expres the belief ‘that the State and Fed eral governments should provide the machingry for what may be called th cumpulsory investigation of contro- versies biween employers and employees when they Withdrawal of Coal Lands It is not arise.’ that the Nation should alienate remaining coal lands. | have temporarily withdraw: from settlement all the lands which the Geological Survey has indicated as containing, or in all probability containing, coal. The question, how ever, can be properly settled only bj l-gislation, which in my judgment should provide for the withdrawal of | these lands from sale or from entry | Fave In certain especial cireurpstiances, The ownership would then rewain iu | the United States, should not, | however, attempt to work them, but permit them to be worked by privat: | individuals under a rovalty wise its whieh system, | it to that (3 WE § charged consumers, pare Lo as lo permit SIVe price wa Corporations, The present has take: lung strides in the direction of seen Ig proper supervisicn by the National Governmeut : corporations engaged interstate | and the enormo majonty | ol eorperations of any size are engay in interstate business The sege of the railway rate bill, and only Congress ana ¢ LATO over | business 14 «cd pas pure food hill, and the provision for | increasing and rendering more coffe tive national bee! packing industry, mark an important advance in the proper direction. In short periiaps b rther along th 10 control over the Session it will iit to do much { and it may be best the laws have been in number of months b ty increase their operation wijl merits ine; wail un operation Ore endeavor Seope, because ( i with exactness shorteomis 4 defi; show anda then thus opportunity to what further remidial needed. Yet in my inn the end be advisable ir wilh the pesking house 11 spection t5 provide for putting a 3 lnbel and for charging spection the laws have already thelr nda give iegisiation 14 judgment it will connectio: to packer acliment, Agriculture, r other whose we DRTEOTE fare is as vital to whole country as is the welfare of the wageworkers are the | weil, the farmers. It is 1188 to say that growth , BO growth of wealth, industrial de velopment can atone for anv fallin: | off in the character and standing of the farming population. During the few has been recognized with ever-increasing clear There is n any that farming, tf 1 certain branches, must become a tech nical aud scientific profession This | means that there must be open to farmers the chance for ; scientifie framing, Rot theoretic severely pra represents Americar must have the and develop as citizens have. More | as true the Tar is of the business wan and that the Nation of which be founded the welfare of the | ia the tillers of a] ere 11 no Of cilies no last decades this fact TOES 0 longer realize at | fo isehniesad .! type. The farmer arly high type of hie chatice to American it 8 exactly rise ol the wageworker, of the not mus hour day. There are industries which it is not possible that the hour. of labor should be reduced; just as there ave communities not far enough advanced for such a movement to be tor their good, or, if in the Tropies, “0 situated that there is no analogy between their needs and ours in this matter. On the Isthmus of Panama, for instance, the conditions are in every way so different from what they are here that an eight-hour day would be absurd; just as it is absurd, #0 far as the Isthmus is concerned, where white labor ean not be employ ed, to bother as to whether the neces. sary work is done by alien black men or by alien yellow men. But the wageworkers of the United States are of so high a grade that alike from the merely industrial standpoint and from the eivie standpoint it shoull be our objeet to do what we can in the direction of securing the general observanee of an eight-hour day. Employers’ Liability, Among the excellent laws whieh the Congress past at the last session was an employers’ liability law, It was marked step in advance to get the recognition of employers’ liability on the statute books; but the law did not wo far enough. In spite of all precan tions exercised by employers there are unavoidable accidents and even deaths envolved in nearly every line of business connected with the mo- chanie arts. This is inevitable saeri- fice of life may be reduced to a mini. mum, but it ean not be completely eliminated. Capital and Labor. The commission appointed by the President October 16, 1902, at the re quest of both the anthrieite coal ap- erators and miners, to inquire into, i. controversy in connection with the ugh moral, mental, and phvsical de velopment, This education of i rmer—self-education by preference, | but also education from the as with all other men—i« necessary here in the United States, | where the frontier conditions sven in | the newest States have now vanished, | where there must be a substitution of , a more intensive svstem of eultiva- | tion for the old wasteful farm man agement, and where there must be a better business organization among the farmers themselves, Marriage and Divorce, I am well aware of how diffienlt it 1% to pass a constitubional amendment Nevertheless in my judgment tho whole question of marriage and di voree should be relegated to the au Al present the wide difference in the laws of the different States on this sitbjeet result in scandals and abuses: outside, pecularly essential to the welfare of the nation, nothing around which the nation | the home life of the average citizen, © The change would be good from every standpoint. In particular it would be good because i i i i riage and divorce are dealt with, It is neither safe nor proper to leave the question of polygamy to be dealt with by the several States. Power to When home ties are loosened ; when men and women cease to regard a worthy family life, with all its du- ties fully performed, and all its re. to, as the life best worth living; then evil days fou the commonwealth are at hand. There of our population, where the birth death rate, Rn Fbhn dan poi v2 HEA i Ca oh A— — Burely it should need no demonstra tion to show that wilful sterility is, from the standpoint of the nation, from the standpoint the human race, the one sin for which the penal ty national death; a sin tor whieh there is no atonement ; “ which the dreadful exactly in proportion as the men and women thereof are in her respects, i character, apd bodily and mental powe; whowmi for the sake of the state it would be well to ges the fathers and mothers of many healthy children, well brought up in homes made happy by their presence. No man, woman, can shirk the pn mary duties of life, whether for love of i% aeath, race sii in moure ot iy LUONe iy no and retain his or her self respect International Morality. Un Lhe moraiity 0s ¥ OF rnationsl out be also arbi ail di? question frits A idvoealing ciean Of ear nter: Roose #it COInes d h aling and atonal 4 tt iinies 0 selling tween the pations strongly advocates 3 mean may American lice ‘uities 1nat | § of Shipping. the wo subjects frequently tem, One eveloping Ameri call atten again (Congress to t | Ave inicated with of 4 tha # the “Ws, Or a ews exprest in the th jeet before the aid ession will be past years lohable measures have been pro. encourage 1 s 1} is i OU He Nat the proposed aware (nat in former im reference to the § of American shippin put it Teas nobjectionable will ol as nearly as COlLse penis SERA DOATG nd Was Slates, inglon; peopic (y0% orestry # real it n is ea; benefit, not Ro Ky States, prove mpraclicable for Lenerany couragement hen at { * made bye South “1 Hipared if Europe Currency Refo Cian “a YOUlL rm. i es i to of atonal Pe tha ‘ wae ar 3 nd subweet, tl onditiog oO curreney great pur- business t and 138 been aa capita several lating needead ry: For am is i op the that aaqditional legisintio The cach Season emphasizes the defects of AWS, presen There must soon be 3 revisioy to mem e means busi- body ad- a flactuation money from 2 cent; and the flue greater during the The Secretary had to step in and by a stop the most period of oscillation. Even orse than sueh fluctuation is the ad- ance iu commercial rates and the un. felt in the sufficiency of en high rates All eom- suffer during each Excessive rates for esll New York attract money lability of #88 Ci1saster Sings vour heen » call to 30 pes 18100 was even mirned there has interest o1 oent ¢ é { the Treasury put to certainty credit es mercial pet money In interests op rod culative fields; this depletes the fund that would otherwise be available for evmmercial uses, and commereial bor- rowers are foreed pay abnormal rates; so that each fall a tax, in the shape of increased interest charges, is placed on the whole commerce af tie country. Our Island Possessions. it 1s urged that these shall receives i earefnl consideration of Congress tariffs, ote, shall be upon a to that 1st basis Army and Navy. The message goes at length into the matter of the efficiency of our army navy. The President ig much gratified at the progress we are mak- ing in both branches of our common defense, In the matter of rifle proe- tice the President says: The Congress has most wisely pro- vided for a National Board for the promotion of rifle prietize. Excellent 3 10 and Our Regular Army is so <mall that in war we should have to trust mainly to volunteers: and in such event these volunteers should already know how to shoot: for if a soldier has the fighting edge, and: ability to ‘ake care of himself in the open, his efficiency on the line of bittle i= almost dircetly proportion. ate to excellence in markmanship. We should establish shooting gallar ies in the large public and military schools, should maintain cational tar get ranges in different ports of the comntry, and should in every way en courage the formation of rifle clubs tl ronghout all parie of the land. The little Republic of Switzerland offers wan exeellent example in all matters connected with building up en off cient citizen soldiery, THEODORE ROOSEVELT. The White House, Dee, 3. 1006, .
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