VOL. LXXVI. CENTRE COUNTY IN THE CIVIL WAR. 148th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. By T. P. Meyer, Sergeant Co. A Regiment, P. V. [To be Continued. | CHAPTER V. THE PRISONER'S STORY Therefore the prisoners at Rich-| mond also suffered most on account of | short rations, In this respect the peo- | ple and prisoners suffered alike here, ys 148th No stream of running water flowed through Belle Island Prison | ment like at Andersonville and other | prison encampments further south, | and we drank the foulest water of all, | as will later appear in this narrative, | All that makes life abounded. There was no roll eall. The prison-| ers were counted into “squads” encamp- i miserable here | of one | hundred and the squads were number- | ed lst, 2ad and were subdivided twenty men each so on. The squads | into “me n ‘1 OL | and numbered from | S868 one to five, to facilitate the issuing of | rations, and the prisoners. Now and out of camp aud counted, like catile. | It was a big days work to make one « these counts, ! i movements of the! then we were all driven | i There was no tabernacle or place of | worship aud I never saw a chaplain « r minister ou the Island. in I did not hear | one word prayer during the half} year of my stay there; blasphemy and | profanity were heard coustantly, all] day brutal sometimes developed into free for all’ battles, dred | would engage, were of frequent « ccur- | wherein long, and fights which | in whieh several hu rence, hurt were killed, Murders mitted and went unpuuished though | i fuformers | i many and ou two occasions were now aud theo com- i. wr sHoOwWnD the murderers were on high erimes were fortunate if th a escaped the dark night It | ANSAssi. Was a to be silent on these good plan : by matters aud kee bac Liat: y 10 Lhe £-ground r. however, organization of a LO I prison SO Smisil the number that the streets, « Camp Was of men coufined therein, i a fine day, were crowded that it was alm And whiskered, | st im possio to get through. a motley crowd MIR boys haired they of long mer and smooth faced were, indeed. In filthy unshaved and unwashed; very rags; unshoru, unkempt, many dressed in the gray rags of some Cone federate trade, not com til soldier, obtained through farily a ry, but volu: on warm days, for the “boot’’ there was in it. Bome sold the caps ofl their heads and the substitutes shoes off their feet and made for patching rags aod kind and caps and shoes by | together of any color | the eflect Civilization, can be easily | imagined. self and personal pride had evidently died | out in many. The nature of the men changed. Cruelty seemed a predomi- nating characteristic and the | merest trifles brutal fights would take | place, his was an indeseribubly miserable and place. Valley and the Jersey Prison Ship were hal tations pared with the conditions of life on Belle Island i respect seemed over i i wretched Forge i- of comfort and pleasure com an abundance of timber for cabins and a shelter, and not any nore lousy, where the prisoners lay not in mud, rain or snow nor io winter's sweeping winds, The Commander of the Prison Eao- campmeont or “Post” was Lieut. Bas- seau, who, by the way, was a renegade from the United States regular army. He was stern but fair withus. Heaid- ed every effort put forth among us to establish order and suppress robbery, riot and murder in camp, The encampment was regularly laid out in streets and bad a great many teuts but not near enough; most of them had seen their best days and leaked badly. Our tent leaked so bad- ly that when it rained hard we would roll up our blankets and sit ou them to keep them dry, while others would stroke the tent with the hands and thus lead the water down the inside of the canvas, On rainy nights we would, for thia purpose, be up all night, sod on cold days, when there was po rain, we would lle under our blankets all day, sitting up only long enough to eat, which was not a lengthy job. We never had any wood hence n fires ut any time. To keep from freez- jug we would lie in “‘spoon-fashion,” closed up very tight; the shoes off and covers. So we breathed and re- the air under the blankets wery night and every cold day all hat cold winter, breathed {| None ofus had a garment washed | during the whole of that winter. We | possibly averaged washing our hands | and faces once a week, We considered enough to drink. We had no buckets aud few canteens; we got our water at the river, six or eight rods from the camp and were allowed to go after it only during the day. An alley, about twenty feet wide, with a tight board fence, eight led from the feet high, on each side, rear gate to the river. alley was the Hospital Siok and to the and only sink for the prison camp of f to eight thousand Both sinks extending a few feet the bank; and these «4 places’ in the eddy we got our drinking water. So we drank the prison camp in our thousand met over between “busi foulest water of any Only a limited number could go to hundred could be on the way going Therefore, wa- ter was always very scarce in camp. We were dry many times, and wanted a drink, when there was no water, and till we torgot Here, at this “watering place,” was illustrated what a powerful influence a long indulged habit, when cultivated, and ave over ted ther causes, the James A person, once | When on account of Riv- he water would re- run! bank, aud leave spiog beach, three or four mud, knee deep. waler must the fu y COoLtrat wide, of slush r to we get get wade through this mud to to edge of it. I'bere were plenty of mien and boys who ‘were the tobacco wt had no money to get it, and #iaves to h abit, | OUR FARMER YOUTH By Prof. The primary graded schools and the high schools of our cities and our Btate universities have been articulated and unified into a national system. In the newer States, which were settled after high schools and State universities be- came popular, this system occupies nearly the whole educational fleld. In the studies offered, in the location of the schools, and in the methods of pro- viding revenues this system suits the American people. The recent rapid development of city high schools, and especially the recent large financing of Btate universities by many States, and the falling off in number of new pri- vate and religious academies and small colleges, indicate that the State is more and more to be in charge of our edu- cational institutions. chial No doubt paro- schools, small denominational colleges, and special schools will con- tinue to have their large influence, be- cause some of their functions the pub- lic institutions cannot perform. The largely endowed separate universities, a8 Chicago and Leland Stanford, will also carry an important part of the work of education, THE AGE OF SPECIALIZATION. A century ego, the whole framework of the education from primary to col- lege classes looked to a finished educa- tion. The need then seemed to be an educated class. Now, our educated class has grown large, and has follow- ed the law of the division of labor; it is divided into sub-classes of specialists, each demanding and securing special education. A sity. The introduction of machinery and cheapened transportation carried the division labor clasaes of Special Hew system 18 a neces- have to all ns well as geuveral education is now demanded by Of people. the people, because they have discover ed the advantages peculiar to each I'he old of said, “Educate the man first and the cialist afterward.” This practically means that special education fined higher system schools spe- be It con. to education. of LOO means wi it of ¢ here, the river was low, and it took | fifteen nty bearded men and smooth faced i i he quest ion mud-wadiog to get water, tol {We 8, educated and high standing iti ‘Lier days at home, would stand | ng the bank in a row, and continu- | on fill your can-| of tobacco! And | when given the chew, they would ot-| ously sing out, will f teen for a , wade through it} terly ignore the mu that was astonishing, then under water till it] ii return it with a wil press the canteen was full, a1 to the owner, ! take their places | in in the line, and sing, with the | , I will ill your canteen | ew of tobaceo ! | ‘5 . . i matier of rations, there is not | tee with a “thank vou ! at. us before § ss CD be said. They gave us what | much to they had to eal themselves; that was | corn bread oni tity 1 We ¥. and equaled in quan- rations of their soldiers, who We bought soldiers ration, from our guards, and they fasted for the little money we paid them. One Le re guards over us, Confederate and had he would had grest need of the comb no money to buy it. That I said, no Johnnie, give me your today's grub, and take the comb, which he did. A five at that tine was worth about dollars in comb four Confederate money. and soup, till Nov. 9th, and after that it was corn bread only, baked by pris- of camp. These corn loaves were about the size of a brick aud weighed a little Rations were issued daily at 9 a excepting when the : { and the incoming supply trains, Then | thanks to our cavalry. there was noth- | ing for a day or two, | in order to facilitate the issuing of | rations, and the movements of the men, as before stated, the prisoners were divided into “squads’’ of one hun- dred men, in charge of a Bergeant. These squads were again subdivided foto five “messes,” of twenty men each, also in charge of a noncommis- sioned ofheer. These officers were ap- pointed by the Post Commander. When rations were issued, so many pounds were weighed out at the bake house, for a squad, and brought in, in a blanket, carried at the four corners, by the squad commander and his de- tail, A blanket was then laid down, and this quantity was divided into five equal shares, for the messes, which were numbered from one to five, in tho presence of the mess commanders, in all about eight men. This process of division was always watched with great interest by a surrounding pack of half starved, mouthwatering, mis. erable devils, who stood ready to fight, should there be the least sign of "Bhe- early aristocracy special education, and too nearly ignores the course before pursuing as course io a 81 i The system, instead of keeping pace with weinlty old-time apprentice the greater needs for special trainiog amoung the industrial classes, has retro- And the that our of education readjust. graded, result is gvstem needs ment at the bottom and middle, so as to better serve those who drop out dur- ing the primary and high courses, or upon graduation from the high school, and enter at once work which to specialty more or less definite in its nature, MOVEMENT CITYWARD AIDED BY school upon usually proves be a BCHOOLB the text, the teachers, aud the ideals were all In the old system, where the road to fame was laid out through the complete course of a collegiate edu- eation, the boy or girl who was to be a farmer had no special place. The as- sumption was that what was good preparation for entrance into the fresh- man class in college was equally good for the boy who was to be a farmer, or the girl who was to manage a farm home. The result has been that next FORTY. FOUR COLTS SOLD Sale Friday Was Well Attended — Bidding Spirited, The colt sale held at the Centre Hall hotel Friday of last week was well at- tended and the bidding spirited. Every animal, forty-four in number, was sold The stock was shipped here by D. H. tended by W. H. Runkle, of York, who a few years ago was proprietor of the Centre Hall hotel. Appended will be found a list of the names of purchasers, and the prices paid for the colts : $40, 25, $20, 856, #20 Samuel Decker, Zion - $23, $24, $20, $26 R. E. Hettinger, Penn Hall-$17.50, Centre Hall—J. Roland Keller, $13. J. H. Wil fams, $23. Ivy Bartges, $21.50, $30, 818 J. A. Cor man, $19. J. J. Arney, $1. Elmer Ishler, 835, $19. Frank Shutt, $27. Dr. J. F. Alexander, §25, Wm. Hattinger, Penn Hall - $16.50, A. N. Heckman, Tussoyvillo—$45.50, $32. J. W. Harter, Rebersburg - $20, $40, 835, $41 Isaac Stover, Zion--§26, $39.00, Jas, Goodhart, Centre Hill-841.00, J. K. Bitner, Penn Hall-§31, $35.60, David Glasgow, Tussey ville - $31.50, Chas, Bartges, Penn Hall $31, J. B, 8trohm, Centre Hill-$a5, W. C. Burrell, Penn Hall-§85, W. H. Noll, Pleasant Gap-§29, J. E. Rishel, Linden Hall-$37, Dr. Coons, $26, The sale foots up $1268, and the aver- age price paid was $2850. In the lot were four yearling colts, the remainder wore sucklings, For » Bad Cold, It you have a bad cold you need a ood reliable medicine like Chamber. ain’s Cough Remedy to loosen and re- Heve it, and to allay the irritation and inflammation of the throat and lun nanigan,’ For sale by 0. W. Bw Tussey vi LA Poiters Mills. and the PUBLIC SCHOOLS. to the more rapid increase in the de- mand for city workers as compared with the country demand, our schools have been the most potent influence in leading our people from the farm to the city. Our scheme of education has taught of city things rather than of country thiogs, and by ignoring the farm and the farm home our greatest industry, farming, and our best insti- tution, the farm home, have been dis- credited, FARM HOME VERSUS LANDED ESTATE. To perpetuate our unrivaled system of medium-sized farms, as compared with very small farms inhabited by mere peasants, or with very large farms owned by the wealthy and worked by hired servants, our government could C. CLAYTON UETIIG KILLED, Struck by a Line Shaft snd Was Almost Instantly Killed, cairn. Mr. Gettig and ten other men were working under the shaft when it no one else was injured. The shaft is said to have been in perfect condition, and no cause can be assigned for the accident, in the church of the United Brethren Orner, the pastor. brought to Tusseyville interment. The body was Monday for well afford to continue making vast expenditures. Heretofore, its expen- | ditures for this purpose have been in the form of free lands under the home- | Henceforth they must be in the form of special education for the common farmer, Unforseen financial changes might turn capital to purchas- | ing ‘‘estates,”” and other economic changes might tend to greatly increase the percentage of Uncle Sam's acres | owned by “landlords.” Reducing the proportion of that class who manage and “work lands which they own lowers the average standards of coun- try wages and country living. The principal reason why the common | farmers now hold the land is because, by uniting their capital, their labor, | and their brains with the making of al permanent family home, they can pay | #0 much for the land that the capital- | ist cannot afford to own it for leasing, | stead laws. or to “run it at arm’'s-length without | pauper labor. emuneration in the! f independent homes for fami- | lies is not secured by the absent land- | lord aud by only a few of the inhabit- | ants on the large estate conducted by the Whepever other indus-! tries lag, capital seeks investment in | landed estates, and orm of owner. estates with | buildings are devel- | very difficult to break them up into smaller holdings. European estates help to hold as peas- its of people who do not lack in ability, as shown by the rapid- once expensive central oped, it in ndeed , indeed, ni a large class ity with which they rise when placed on free soil in America. Since the farmer and farm home- | maker on the medium-sized farm must | meet sharp competition, special edu- | cation for the mass of farmers becomes | a matter of grave economic and civic as well as of educational importance, — | a broad State and opational problem. Our modest farm homes stand ss our political bulwark. Homes worked by the owners are the best places to breed vigorous peo- ple alike for country and city. Our educational scheme is not doing all it | might to build up our country life, and | the times are ripe for a natural and somewhat radical change. We need to evolve a branch of our educational system which shall be especially help- ful in building up our farm homes, our farming and our rural affairs, and country life generally. The move- ment is well started, and some of the leading forces already operating need only to be correlated to develop a uni- fled scheme. strongest on farms Pike Company Appeals. The Aaronsburg and Youvgmans- {town Turnpike Company have taken an appeal from the award of viewers recently filed to the Court of Common Pleas of Centre county, and with their | appeal they have filed an affidavit say- ing there is too much prejudice in Cen- | tre county against the Turnpike Com- pany and that they cannot have a fair | trial, and have asked for a Rule on the | County Commissioners and the Peli- | tioners to show cause why a change of | vente should not be put to some other county. Said Rule returnable at next tern. ee. Must Make Known Your Find, Charles Bmith, Roy Zeigler and Louis Levi, were each sentenced by Judge Bittiner, of York county, to eighteen months’ imprisonment in the Eastern penitentiary, upon being con- victed for the theft of a watch. They were arrested for stealing a watch from J. 8B. Zorckers, in York, in Beptember. The young men when on the stand stated that Levi had found the watch and handed it to Bmith. In charging the jury Judge Bittiner held that even if the prisoners did find the watch, their disposal of it was larceny. The court told the jury that any person who found a valuable and disposed of it without making it known is guilty of larceny. The jury returned a ver. dict of guilty and the judge sentenced each to eighteen months in the peni- tentiary. . For sick headache try Chamberlain's Stomach and Liver ete; they will ward off the attack if taken in time. Forsale by C. W. 8 Tussey ville; . Caraon, Potters Mitls, i. ed. largely attended. It is said to some time, and possibly the only one ever conducted under artificial light, which was occasioned by the lateness of the train over the L. and T. railroad. Rev. Orner, who had an intimate acquaintance with the deceased, great- ly eulogized him. His eulogy was, however, kindly received by former friends and associates of Mr. Gettig, who well knew his worth. The deceased was a son of Samuel his mother, Mrs. Elizabeth Gettig, a wife (Lillie Fleisher, daughter of Thomas Fleisher, of Tusseyville,) and the following brothers and sisters : B. D. Gettig, Esq., Bellefonte; drew, George, John, Miss Lizzie Mrs. (Valeria) Harry Ishler, sll { | TOWN AND GOUNTY NEWS. HAPPENINGS OF LOCAL INTEREST FROM ALL PARTS. Uriah Btover, a citizen of Houser- | ville, aged seventy years, died Tuesday | of last week. Johu W. Conley, east of Centre Hall, | will make sale of his farm stock, im- while last injured hunting : his dog in John R. Btrong last week erected by A. E. Kerlin. Congressman Dresser, this district, Dow repre- a 0 be ready ig building for occupancy next June, Fire of incendiary origin destroyed Four horses and all the Lions was free rope in t= building perished. $5000, Mill Hall thought it diphtheria, and the schools were con- sequently re-opened. Later new developed, and a of homes were quarantined. from a number While listening to the contradiction of his testimony in petty trespass suit, at West Milton, Andrew Shirk, sixiy-one years old, the plaintiff in case, fell from his chair dead. a the n N Till revolver dis- Fri- of J. Finn Btover, of Potters #, had coarge its contents accidents day of last week, while in the I'he his foot and inflicted a painful wot act struck i Ad. ball Dr. Ned Williams, of Chapman, Boy- der county, had his leg almost i t 7 f torn of wing struck with a + i rom the of his gun of Piteairn. His age was thirty-five years anc ——————————————— DEATHS, JOHN CAMP John Camp, one of the oldest and very suddenly Wednesday of week, of heart trouble. He was near- ly seventy-seven years of age, and had been in the cabinet making i { i | | i 1 i came to America, Bome years ley, and John Camp learned his trade He was married January 3, 1841, to Martha M. Mayben, who survives him, and also their four chil- dren—William R. Camp, of Tyrone, formerly of this place; Mrs. J. L. Russler, of Milroy ; Mrs, H. A. Barr, of Reedsville, and John A. Camp, of Milroy. Deceased was a veteran of the civil war, having been a member of Com- pany C, 102d Pennsylvania Volunteers. Mrs. Macade Tripple, of Bellefonte, died last week, and was buried Mon- day. The body of an unknown man, ap- parently about seventy years old, was found in the river at Lock Haven. Mrs. Mary J., wife of H. A. Mark, died in Philipsburg, aged thirty years. Her husband and five children sur- vive. A Fight for Sabbath Observance, The Philipsburg Law and Order League, made its first arrest Monday a week. The person arrested was Frank Motter, who keeps a store on Pine street, and who was convicted of keep- ing his place of business open and sell- ing tobacco and cigars on the Sabbath. He was fined $4.00 and costs, the latter mounting to $4.12, a total of $8.12, The President's Fitiable Dilemma, The dilemma of President Roosevelt, for one who prides himself upon his courage, is pitiable. It is known that the Bristow report shows that most of the postoffice grafting arose in the bureau of the first assistant, who was Perry B. Heath, secretary of the Re- publican National committee. The President wants to eject Heath, but Mr. Havoa, the chairman, who gave way himself on the matter of a presi- dential nomination, refuses to listen again to the earnest solicitation of Mr, Roosevelt. Mr. Heath is to stay until the committee meets, and by that time Congress will order an investigation into the department. This illustrates the difference between that honesty which all men applaud and about which the President preached, and that intellectual honesty about which Shakespeare made Polonius talk when he abjured Laertes, “To thyself be true.” It is that kind of hovesty that refuses to appoint Addicks men and dismiss anti-Addicks women, jams, The gun was discharged by a James A, Bweetwood, of ar Cene tre Hill, for the past few weeks has ies £ patent f the who strips on doors and windows for good people in Nittany Valley, want to keep warm next win as little fuel as possible. C. the + wr the Pasi with ter William Nweetwood, Spire, fi Nt fa Mog carpenter work on the exposition buildings. Mr. of High montl , where he is dd FUR Potter town- A. Bweetwood is a native Sweel- wood, of near Centre Hill. The borough of Lewisburg lost a suit the Dreisbauch Company, and was 2 heavy costs. i that the hardware company was con- structing a building extend. ing into the public street. Hardware made liable fi The borough contender that Was Warner Gonder, of Wall, came to Centre Hall Thursday to attend the funeral of his step-father, William Col- yer. Mr. Gonder driving from Bellefonte joined the other relatives after the funeral procession had reach- ed the church at Tusseyville by Rev. J. A. Dunlap, Ph. D., pastor of the Lutheran church, Loganton, tend- ered his resignation, much to the sur- prise of his congregation. He has ac cepted a call to the pastorate of the Lutheran church at Lilly, Cambria county, and will move to the new field of labor November 10, Hiram A. Long, of Nittany, was a call2r Thursday of last week. Mr. Long is a butcher, and came to Penns Valley to attend the sale of Ivy Bart. ges and purchase hogs, which he did. He was accompanied by his father, Daniel Long, who lives on the Joseph Long farm, near Nittany. The barn on the farm belonging to Spangler Bros,, near Granville Run, MifMlin county, caught fire from some unknown cause last week, and was burned to the ground, together with all the crops and four head of horses, The farm is occupied by Crotzer. 5 1 Villiam James Spicher, who for a number of years has lived at Patton, is now a res- ident of Cresson, to which place he moved in order to be more convenient ly located to perform his work on the railroad. Mrs. Spicher was in town last week, having been called here on account of the desth of her father, Wm. Colyer, Positive arrangements have been made between the State Dairy Union and Mayor John T. Cupper, of Lock Haven, to the effect that the union will hold their next meeting, which will occur,on December 2 and 8, in that city. Those in attendavce will number about two hundred persons, all representative men of the state, D, H. SBhlegal, of Spring Mills, has completed the plastering of the Van- Valzah house on the Heckman farm. Mr. Bhlegal thinks that by having Frank Arney as assistant, he ean put on a wall more square yards of plaster. ing than any other man in the coun. ty, and for a wager of fifty dollars, he | says, he is willing to enter a contest.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers