CHINA'S MILITARY POWER. WIDELY DIVIDED CONTROL. The Descendants of the Manchu Con. querors and Their Allies Are Hereditary | Warriors. and All Recruits from This | Class Creat Arsenals Where Useless | War Material is Made. The war news {rom China bas creat ed much interest in the Chinese army, | and the reports to the effect that tae Boxer mobs cannot be suppressed have | caused many how and of what material the Chinese regu- | lar army is composed. In this as in many other things Chinese have not | kept up with other nations, and thelr | deficiency was clearly demonstrated | during the Chino-Japanese War. But | the warning was not sufficiently heed ed, and the improvements which have | been made in the army since then were | not sufficient to bring the military up | 10 the point where it should be for the | protection of the country. Althongh | there are two armies, neither of these | is known as the Imperial Army. There | is an army for each province. This body, known as the of Eight | Banpers, contains nominally about! three hundred thousand men, who are descendants of the Manchu grnquerors and their allies. Of these about eighty thousand are maiantain~d on a war foo! ing, and are divided into three groups, | Mongols, Chinese and Manchus, aod | form an hereditary profession within | which intermarriage Of these hereditary soldiers about four | thousand are usually at Peking as an Imperial Guard The national army called Ying Ping. This body is known also as the | “Green Flags” and the it being divided into five distinct readers to wonder Army is compulsory, stationed is “Five Camps,” parts This army is subdivided into eighteen | corps. one for province, and is under the immediate command of the The | nominal strength of this national army fs about gix hundred thousand, but of hundred The al each Governor-General or Viceroy this nubber only about two thousand are Tien-Tsin army and has about thirty available for war the most five ind oy corps is portant thou sand men. foreign officers, and have modern arms amd do and These have been dr and garrison police duty. The “mercenary troops” play an portant part in the Chinese system. hey are ralsed in emergen cles. Then are Mongolian cavalry and other sumbering about which bave been described by foreign observers as no military value.” The total land army on a peace foot ing Is estimated at three hundred thou- sapd men, and on a war footing at | about one million: but the army as a | whole, according to the same author- | ity, has po unity or cohesion: there is the drill is mere | | i i equipment, m military there the irregular cavalry. twenty thousand, “of no proper discipline; physical exercise; the weapons are long since and port, commissariat or medical But the various provinces spend is no traus- ROTrvice, ohsolete, there much money for army purposes, and maintain great arsenals where war mate; the shape of guns and ammunition is made and stored The arsenal at Shan in antique and slipshod This large place is under the provine government of the Viceroy of Nanking, and is full of modern tools and machin ery, and material of every de. scription. The arsenal is in every re spect a well equipped and perfectly furnished modern iastitution in order, and If organized under pean control, Lord Beresford could supply war material whole military forces of China. It was organized by Eurepeans and is pow (in charge of two Englishmen. The ma. chinery ot this arsenal! is adequate for the manufacture of all calibres up to 12-inch fifty-ton pieces Besides this arsenal there are similar institutions at Tien Tein, Nanking Hankow, Foo-Choo, Canton and Ching Tu. The arsenal at Tien -Tsin nn- der the provincial government of the Viceroy of Chi-Li. It ix well supplied with everything in the way and machinery. and has spare room enough for a plant to supply the whole Chinese army, The plant is in charge of a British subject, but the actual head is a Chinese official, whose salary is 150 taels—abonut $100--a month. A similar position in Englsod or Amer. ica wonld, according to the report of a European visitor, be worth at least $10,000 a year. The mint, with a capacity for mak- | fog 15,000 dolisrs a day, is in this arsenal, There also is the naval school, | the Annapolis of China. This school | has sixty students, sons of noblemen, | between the ages of sixteen and twen. | ty, who remain at the school five years | and Alien are placed on a training ship | for Curther instruction. At this school all the pupils are taught English. Next door to the Naval Academy Is another school with accommodations for thirty, where young men receive instruction in the Russian language, with a view | to becoming Russian Interpreters, The money for the maintenance of this school is provided by the Peking gov. ernment. At the Nanking arsenal there are no al in ghal seems to be | out of place connection with the | Chines army al stores good Euro thinks, for 3 the is of tools Furopean employees, and although the machinery Is modern it is used In wae manufacture of useless war material, ‘he Chinese authorities at this place showed the English visitors with great pleasure and pride a weapon from through “It was heartbreaking,” sald the Eng. lish visitor,” “to see both officials and workmen taking pleasure and using diligence in the manufacture of costly but absolutely useless war material” The arsenal at Hankow turns out eight thousand Maunser rides a There also much time and money about year, are used in the manufacture of useless war material, At the Foo-Choo arsenal hyard, and the whole of a Waste of money be. there Is also a do plant under Manchn general, cause of ignorance as to modern meth. of manufacture is the sole charge ods Is as appareuat at Poo-Chioo as at the other arsenals, An old powder factory is one of the features of the Canton arsenal, There rifle factory there aud a has been completes] recently for is a also, plant making smokeless powder, pacity of 90,000 pounds a y York with a «a MC. NOW Tribune, A RRACTICAL DEFINITION. The Great Difficulty of Defining * Insanity” in Words. Safeguard at? “How One's Nanity article in M. Buckley, In it he gives a practica io the Cen PD. D. i detl- tur I.L. nition by the Rev, J, I. of the word insanity In childhood there called at our family residence a gentleman ny w hose re. ception as a person of distinction, and tiention, After a while he beckoned me to his ssfale, is lawns, fine old trees and streams, bis horses and hunting-dogs, the spacious halls of the maosion adorned hy works uf and his songbirds from every to spend a month ny. He his strangely Af art art lime, and invited me with him, promising me a D thew a spell over me by expressive aye and glowing wvords ter he had gone | said to my mo TiN WN onder “When may | go to see ful things and get the pony She ‘Never, a. The At added, answered sadly my MY regres! He is Innatic.” 71 nys gradually or poor man Is derang~d."” for an explanation, she is crazy, a fee tory but was not dispelled, the memory of the locident was o laid by boyish sports aod stndies Three years afterward was opensd the great Hospital for the [nsage orect hie State of New Jersey at Tren In company with relatives, 1 was i by ton conducted through a ward, and looked curiously upon abwtractedly gazing, talking at random, mbaaiug as if In grief or pain, or laugbiog for no apparent reason. Passing along corridor, suddeniy 1 fore me, addressing an dience, stood the man who ed me. No one listen>l to as we approached, an attendant iad Lim to his which came wordse Mortal persons trembled maginary ‘Harm and. pad Sain room, from the “1 am God! before me!” instant 1 pen, bow down in tas that saw what It is to enated No di “insane.” “deranged. al “crazy.” “mad,” “a lunatic.” tionary was necessary. then 1 anrved of management of such Since have mm hoards petitions, ‘0 cluding that in which this scene o curred. have attended tures on the subject, and consulted the courses of low heat authorities, and [ do not wonder that none of the teabers of my <hild wood could define insanity, for no defi nition exists that includes al! that this word suggests and nothing more Judg+'s Decision Lost Him a Wile. 1t"15 said that one of the judges of the Prerogative Court in Ireland tried, on marriage, a wherein a man was sued for beating in delivering jndgment ss his opinion that, although had no right to beat wife with such a little cane or switeh as he then held ia his hand, a at and was invested with a power, to give his These words eve of his CAR the his wife he a man fin unmercifully, yet, husband was liberty. wife moderate correction coming bride, she refused to adventure future with such an ungallant lover-a dech sion that evidently met with the nui versal approval of the jndge's lady ac to the ear of his prospective an ad¥anced age. —Tit-Bits The Cost of a Man. A German surgeon, whose man ser of his face by the explosion of a shell, has calculated the cost of manufactur ing an artificial man, A pair of arms, with hands, joints, ete, complete, would cost about $156; a pair of lege about 2140; a false nose in motal--un- distinguishable from tae real article costs S80 to $100, and for $110 a palr of ears, perfectly natural in appear ance, and furnished with artificial drums. can be produced, A complete set of teeth would cost $40 to $65, and Thus the total cost of supplying deficiencies to a man who has lost all his limbs and the major portion of his face is 3500 to $000, Canaries bave been Loown to live twenty oie yearn Minister Wu must admit that the prejudice against the Chinese in this country has never reached the violence of the "Boxers." The Missourl Supreme Court has sustained the principle of arbitrarily assessing property for street improve ments at a front-foot or square-foot foot rate, Ohlo and Indiana are in litigation over the Ohio River, The river is un- conscious of the trouble and at last ac- counts was wending its way unruf fled to the sea. rest ou the cool waters, with refresh. lng salt alr, Dioner will be served on the hoats for 50 cents. There will be no liquors sold, nor disorder permit ted, The idea is to furnish the opper- tunity to avoid the city turmoil, heat and odors without interfering with business. It is announced as a solely experimental sanitary and beneficent enterprise, not inspired by a desire to make money, It ought to succeed, To give an idea of the extent of the greenhouse culture of flowers in the United States it may be stated that there are considerably over 500 acres under glass devoted exclusively to which at retall aggregate a grand total of about $22,500,000, or a dollar for each square foot of glass, of the One which brought into exisience which the attendants how to see the fair, the Paris peculiar institutions | Exposition has is a school In are a b— i Famines are not new in the history | of India or the rest of the world, A | thousand years ago families in Great | Britain and Europe often occurred, | costing the lives of many thousands, ———— The British poets are either out of luck or their theme ls distasteful to the muses, Swinburne has tried war | poetry and has apparently made as rank a falluore of it as the poet lau- reate. Germany proposes to establish a rig- orous system of examination of all meat food products of domestic origin, and to require similar treatment of all such imported, from what in that she is impartial products ever country. and pot uareasonable. Engineers say a 100-foot-wide canal 12 to 15 feet deep. between Lake Su- perior and Grand Forks, N. D,, an The scheme in in engineering possibility. agricultoral and the wants it carried through, a graml one, northwest Of roses there are sold each year 100, 000,000, worth $6,000,000; ax many car- nations, worth $4,000,000; 75.000,000 of violets, worth $75,000. The single item of chrysanthemums alone repre. sent half a million dollars a year, while the value of the 100,000,000 plants sold lu pots is set at $10,000,000, The demand for flowers is constantly increasing, no social function is com- plete without them; never have they been so highly apprecizted as at the present moment, Since 1875 the rallway Europe has nearly doubled it amounted to X3.080; at it had reached increase of R35. 700 mileage In That year the close of 167.430 miles, a. The greatest num- constructed in any one that period by has 15.142 miles to its credit, Germany comes next with 14.- 640 France built 12.908 mile; Austro-Hungary, 11.72 Italy, 5181; Englan, 5.088; 4.618; Sweden 4.12%. and 1.255 Greece had only 7 miles of railroad in ules country during Russia, was which miles, Spain, Switzerland miles. ITS; pow it has O01, One of the facts brought out by the recent census of Cuba is that a very considerable proportion of the inhabl tants live in the cities, If among cities Log Rome time ago the Connecticut » Islature. following the precedent estab lished by the Swiss Cantons in case passed a law pro This sald to be the first law ever passed in of the edelweiss, tecting the trailing arbutus, is any State in the Unlon for such pur Dose sir J. Crichton Browne is of the opinion that consumption (n the United Kingdom will, in the ordinary course, disappear in sixty years. He believes, that with nursing of patients it of half that however, caution In the may be got rid in ime, Eighteen years ago the first news paper published Japan. Teo day there are 070 newspapers, a large was in 11 scien This is Japanese numbers of religious papers, rw amd titie and wedical journals very convianciag evidence of There has been a marked improve ment in the state of trade in Palestine 3 since the opening up of the country by the Jaffa-Jerusalem tallway. The transportation of goods from the coast to the easy interior is now rendered vers it is an ill wind that blows nobody A mild case plague in one of the coffee centres of any good, of the bubonic Brazil resulted in a rise of 60 per cent in coffee prices inside of three months, The Industry is sald to be now in a better condition than for some time, and with the very marked increase in the of Brazilian coffee the tee in tinue at the same level Professor Metehnikoff has some fine theories abotit checking the inroads of old age. but somehow the serum and other things that have used to arrest decay of the powers have all proved futile. Oliver Wendell Holmes made a very careful study of the sub. ject and had high hopes of living to be 100. but he died at 85, despite all his precautions, been be acquired only by farmers During the last two ia can and settlers, for the purchase of land have been asked for by werchants, engineers and istry is now considermg the question tem. Red, white and blue, though the col ors of the Unlon Jack, were not used generally in England as marks of pai triotistn before the Queen's diamond | jubllee three years ago. The old col ors were red and white and the Inno. vation Is said to be due to some deal er's importing a large stock of French decorations left over from the French national fetes, Englishmen are cheer. ing the three colers now, however, as vigorously as though they were Amer: {cans or Frenchmen, A Brooklyn philanthropist proposes to run boats, leaving the city pliers at 6 p.m. and returning the next day at # a. m., which shall go out to sea thir ty or forty miles during the night, ard of 85,000 or more, there are 498 682 peo or Se in the ple. per cent. of the whole, living cities. If the basis be widened so as to include places having a popu Iantion of 1000 found among the inhabitants of cities a popu lation of 741 the w hole or Dore, we ye we § By or 47 per cent. of Naturally enough, the popula tion Is very unequally distributed, for of the inhabitants live In the country, In Ha. the other band, 77 cent in the cities The total popula of the island is very large, 1.572.797 at the date of the tak This in thay of the Greatm average number while In Rantiage 67 per cent Yana, on Der not ing of the Jews half the population York The inhabitants per square mile is thirty it Census New of nix, or nearly what is In lowa. The about known Africa has seemed always it vention of the powers for the preser greatest game law ever to into effect human life is go in where to be held rather cheap is a con vation of the wild animals within their dominlons Lions, leopards, hyvaenas, baboons, all birds of prey except val tures: owls, crocodiles, and polsonons suakes, are all given up to the destroy killed at wight. AD including elephants rhinoceroses, giraffes, deer of all Kinds and buffalos, are to be protected by local laws, the drift which will be to prohibit absolutely the Killing of their females and their young, to de mand licenses from hunters, to estab lish in certain cases a close time, and to define and preserve reserves with in which the beasts may multinly in security, The contracting parties agree to promulgate the measures for carry ing out the convention within a year they are to encourage the domestica tion of zebras, elephants and ostriches and the convention is to remain i» force for fifteen years and so on from sear to year unless any party, twelve months before the expiration of that period, “denounces” it. era and may be species, of Miss Hecker's victory over Miss Un derhill and Miss Hoyt in the contest for the women's championship of the Metropolitan Golf Association adds another name to the growing list of ex pert players who have attained ts championship form, says the New York Commercial Advertiser, There are now five: Miss Hecker, Miss Hoyt Miss Underhill, Mrs. Fox amd Miss Nix years ago there were practically none, and Mist Hoyt's ten ure of the national championship for three years gave her a “splendid isola tion” that one was apt to ascribe nol cleverness in the game, but to the lack of sufficient com petitive interest in it. But golf has jumped into immense popularity dur ing the last two years, and the supply of champlons has, of course, increased with it.. It promises to be no tempor ary increase, for the game has come to stay, judging by the social inter ests that have grown up with it, NL SRA HE A Large Zulu Tribe. The Basutos are a tribe of Bechuan. as, and they number about 250,000, They are a race of recent origin, being really an agglomeration of peoples who had been scattered during the Zulu conquests at the begloning of the present century. LUGK IN MONEY MAKING, Good Thing and Knew It. and lost several fortunes, were cussing In a broker's office one after in money said: “How YOU suppose made his fortune?” making, when oue of do Mr, The man whose name was mentioned has made millions In the past few years a8 the half owner that manufactures a machine as well known of a company As the typewriter “Blank had some money to inves! and ind be put his money io it shout that,” “It was all « man, ‘and when | No chance ald cone of the party the first you the history imnes, sald tell of this company as it was told the Inventor ARTE ne story is the truth, to me by of the machine you will 1 know that The inventor knew with the that his patent was all right, and that the article which described would be world its merits could be made known. avested $17,000, all i sold all over the a8 soon as He had hat he could raise Slik. An soquaintapce call this patent, and be peeded more (0 complete f + had and his whom 1 may Irown sown some interest In the paten a ex the 1 n His Spe rgen: hi to discuss nventor appeal to mn hey met In a Broadway te] i# question The He 1etly bow in ventor is ald pleaded Case, showed his plans and £17.000 vou will bh 1 Hires! eX he had spent “lf while i periecting then. give me the $1.08) now i need will give you a half n this patent.” sald the inven “and 1 a in it or, Im sure there ix a big have g wer the ground carefully and | kKoow what | am talking sbout.’ “Brown listened to 1! over, and then said une for ach of ux. i Jie Lim. thought i ‘What on thinking a RO I YOu say sounds all right, but I have decided not n { am lear 1 The had sorry tha o do it” nvenia kilo hope heme 3 be said that sod for 0 £ Bim to do ex Bridge tying Brown lef! uplis papers who had been sitting st Bim came over and sald: "Look here, would that werheard your vig He I have and if plaining patent 10 conversation you dn Sow me that bing & u“ You Lave good ave 3 little money to gamble My name Blank, and when time is will satisfy of Are {he comes | you my financial mg 1o talk “The inventon standing sou will overY unroiied his plags and wan to describe them In a perfunctory way, as he had describes] them many imes before Siank showed his inter #t by asking intelligent quest and After 9 i Ons the inventor took heart talk Mr any TW hours Blank =aid n am ince that vou have a i i good thing here, bu! vou will need mor han $1,000 to push it. If you can con vince fe that I will niterest io “Mr. Blank following her's standiog partnership was completed and protected and the articles Fou are a trast-worthy man advance $10.000 for a half patent.’ fhe this and inventor spent the day javestigating each aod as a result the waz Torined The patent I every way, an expensive salesroom, where might bw exhibited, was openad on Broadway. You know how the article bas pushed. It bas salesrooms in every big ¢ity here and abroad, and it the field to It self. Mr. Blank and the inventor have rach made a fortune out of it. and the end Is not yet, Now, didn’t chance have a good deal to do in shap ing Blank's fortune? If he had gone to some other cafe, or if he had set at some other table, he wonld not have pverheard Brown and inventor talking. Chance alone gave him the | opportunity, and Blank's little money | and good business sense did the rest” New York Sun been has then, the A Peassylvania Patriarch, People whe visit the ancient “public | burying ground” beside the OM Con’ ord Schoolhouse, In Germantown, are apt to receive a shock that is, if they fall to reading the epitaphs, as visitors in a graveyard usoally do, Concenled In a modest, nnfrequented corner is a grave which, half hidden in tangled grass, seems in no wise differ ent from Its sunken fellows, It is only | when the eye of the explorer falls upon the tombstone at its head that the! shock is received, for the lascription, | in time worn letters, reads: EE IN MEMORY OF ADAM SHISLER, WHO DEPARTED THIS LIFE DECEMBER THE 22, 1777. AGED 9 YEARS. Lackily, the oldest inhabitant is usa: | ally at hand to explain the situation | and chuckle anew over an anclent | Joke. Adam Shisler, so he explains, | of 09 years, The stonecutter mistook ered his mistake. Thrifty, > ieee { ‘his hours of toll, he coversd up | a A A AAA years the coment wore away, and some ghoulish wag with a pocketknife did the rest, The inaccuracy of the epitaph is pro- Philadelphia North identified Against Her Will, A richly dressed woman entered the trust Philadel- other day to rent a box. company in phia the “Have asked the attendant, you any one to identify you?" said the woman, in- who | “Certainly not,” “everybody knows “That be I don't that Just “but WOIIAn may was the reply Know that vou are the name.” who had raised her rigid nod passed between thea another woman, been transacting business, head, and a | them “1 Know bank official “1 don’t want to know her,” snapped the woman vou this woman?’ asked the “she lives next door to me, and instructed her footman to kick my dog just because it chanced to be on Yon needn't ask me lo identi for “I wouldn't let you identify me,” re torted the applicant a box; 4 bave acted horribly about your old dog: and you left the Iorcas her step fy her, I won't” for think you Society, telling everybody long as | you Was a wotnldn't belong as member. A nice Christian spirit bank official thie identifica the that In the meantime entirely satisfied over the H-concealad who had was complete, banded to the box, to the chagrin of + other woman identified ist her will 1Za The Corpse Came to Life. al yrepared to state that the fe.” said H, RR. Pet experience of a friend of not § ta It dead can com rx. “but the mifne in a Pennsyvivania German town recently would seem to Incline one that where Lie was visit in the tow} requainted the with and In that WHY Was jresent funeral had expired fall Bot burt the at nan who Sng her ay He , to all the husband was intents and ne proverbial The body was laid out In the and all t relatives apd friends Lo had assembled to pay their last re spects to the dead As Ix customary in that locality. a big foveral dinner was serves]. | of the meal the | and in walked the t minute to aving the intruder un the midst parior door opens a Ors 8 Cd hye mm. le clear 1 the sion Ti fr in sole undertaker finally to the room. and found his subject enjorving spirit world THOR ery plucked dining Gl 1e up courage return to 1 fter enforced fast ‘Was ladelphia hearty al bret Her [¥4 hurt moch? "-1"hi ne Jake first question was tecord Monument to 8 Teacher. the America oldest and oddest monn- Mount Teun. the Western of {ine ments 1a stands Mivet Cemetery, hnoxville, and was erected in memory of teacher of Her ploneer ionsd Pennsylvania name was Rebbe. ca Lang The only legible words on the stone read as follows n Live September 15. 1790." The believed that life was nol it bad passed the cen tree carved “Born rpool, Eng 20. 1700, Died October decegsed complete until mark. and a broken on the monument signifies that ber ex. tury istence was unfinished Mrs, Lang came to this country from Liverpool in 1730, and erected a small schiool in the place now called Knox- ville. Rhe was the only teacher in the vicinity for twenty years, In 17570 her was burned to the ground by and Mrs, Lang had a narrow escape from being cremated, Nhe es caped, however, and despite her age tanght a building erected in the place of the one destroyed. Phila- school in new Made a Shilling. At a certain cloth factory In Scot. land it custoin to fine the workpeople for turning out bad work, One day a workman brought a piece of cloth to be examined, and the manager found two little holes about an inch apart. He then showed these to the man and demanded two shillings fine “Is it a shil the man. “And i= it the same for every hole, big or little?” “Yes, exactly the same,” sald the man ager. “Well, then, I'll save a shilling.” and putting his fingers in the bolex, be quickly made the two inte one, Argo naut, was the A DASARI HRI A Hea of Many Eggs. Thomas Hamblen killed a hen re cently that proved to be a phenome non. The hen was exceptionally fan and weighed when dressed nine and one-half pounds. In dressing he twelve fully developed oggs with soft shells and twenty-three partially devel er eggs varied from the size of a mar ble to that of a walnut. The eggs have to the museum of the ul
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers