. FARM AND GARDEN NOTES. NOTES OF INTEREST ON AGRI-| Proper Treatment of sSuge~Freeing Grain of Smut—Threshing Wheait=| Moisture and Plant Food, ete, —— Proper Trentment of Sage. There is always a good demand fcr | sige If the leaves are large and dried | in the shade so as to retain its original | This is tmportant to make the | sb] color, sage sell well, though it may have as | good flavor if eared for with less trou- | ble. Much of the sage that farmers grow Is not harvested until it has been | frosted and then beaten with fall rains. It is not good for much, and looks even | poorer than it is. The extra trouble Is | always what pays best, This is why | market gardeners make good profits | fromsage, while if most farmers grow any surplus there is no sale for if @t side thelr own neighborhood. Zz - . Freelug Grain From smat. The hot water treatment of grain af fected with smut, for all ordinary pur poses, is much the cheaper and most satisfactory method of any now used, For convenience in the application of the hot water treatment, have two ves sels. one in which the water is mala tained at a temperature of 120 to He degrees Fahrenheit. Dip the grain into this first, and after it has been thor- | oughly warmed, transfer it to the ves | sel in which the water Is heated 10 15% By easier to keep the second vessel at the degrees, this method it is much required temperatore, for if the mass of cold second fall of temperature, and wheat «| oughly freed from smut and are on ground which has not borne ot affected by smut, erop will be comparatively free | grain is immersed into the vessel ! Ciuses a sharp i If been he ont se have thor sown Ops the resulting grain rom it The importance of this treatment can not calities where be too strongly emphasized iu lo t stunt Is prevaien’, Threshing Wheat, The more general custom is to thresh wheat in the field, sections in which this is never done. It an. | o Rg fa though there are best pl is a question if it is the and that 1 loss is all it de 8 SIV Hat irketing of lad gluiti getting saves labor, except some by shrinkage, encourages theeariy wm wheat amd tell of market quantities of market. To into the and saving One great securing the interest sounds pretty, trouble with farmers Is £ ins tort hues “i Tia grain together. Som they market their are compelied to sell because have money Why who are need their wheat, and let sell market the rop? it able that time during the year, the prices of farm they must should those of those not not in ones frond fst § Wie is usually not SOM products are good t generally whet prices are major portio I ’ : these products are In the speculators wi giutted marke through the w at harvest thine be found runn chased fow Prices ons will farm, and dumped on the market at once, with the natural result Another tage of stacking | ye not ion able when it % NOs producing sect the on every thresher wind most of 1S Wheat in of depressing price advan onsider usd eh i one of he thresh in thresh convenient, busy season the coming of the er is a very anoe: al townships ain event, lo sever that know, have joined together amd pur thresher and engine: and in all th casey the arrangement has proved sat isfactory we farmers | hased a we The Epitomist. - Food, The importance of moisture for successful growth of farm plants is in a measure well understomd, A dry spell will naturally weaken and stoltify growth of all plants, and when dryness becomes an extended drought crops wither up and die. The disasters | which follow such seasons represent | millions of dollars. In order to mind mize the daopger from this sonree it is necessary to provide against dry sea sons just the same as we protect our crops from wind and insects, Irriga | tion may not always be possible on a | large scale, but there are many litle | ways which Lelp to keep moisture in| the soll To begin with it should under. stood that all plants take in their food | either in the liquid or gaseous forms. | The moisturd (o the soll is essential to the proper preparation of plant food for its ready assimilation. Lime, pot ash, iron, cilicon, phosphoric ackd and all similar minerals cannot be taken up by plants in their solid form: they must first be dissolved by water, and until they have thus been dissolved and ab sorbed by the soll, they ennnot be used at all by the plats, Thus it Is possi. ble to spread over a soil freely all of these minaral elements in dry weather and do no good at all. This is actually the case very often. Unfamiliar with the philosophy of plant food and its re lations to water, farmers sometimes fertilize the soil with expensive min. eral elements in dry seasons, The min. erals are not absorbed by the soil, but lay there through the growing sesson only to be dissolved by the fall rain and eventually washed away In the winter without doing any good what. ever. This must be guarded against, — American Cultivator, A —- Grain Feed or Hay for Hogs An experiment carried on at the Kan. sas Agricultural College some time ago, with plgs and alfalfa pasture and n light ration of corn, shows that after deducting the probable gato due to the corn, there was 776 pounds of pork pro- duced per acre of alfalfa pasture. Moisture nnd Plant the the the be this gives $25.60 per acre for alfalfa, and the stand was not injured by the pasturing, During the past six months two ex- periments have been carried on to test feeding alfalfa to fattening hogs, The pounds of pork per ton of alfalfa, after deducting the gain due to the grain fed, In the second the hay was much in ferior in quality to the first, but showed a gain due to the hay of 338 pounds. These experiments, with hogs at $3.50 per hundred, makes the alfalfa worth The college bought fourteen head of stock hogs, They were in fale shape for stock hogs, but had evidently not seen any green food for some time. The lot in which they were turned had not been used for about a month and had hogs began eating very greedily. They were given a feed of Kaffir, but they preferred the weeds and ate very little hours later they weighed 1.808, a gain Of course this was mostly fill, but it was just the and get them in condition to feed, Al the crop for such feéd, Clover is nearly equal, and many other grain feeds stand well up in the list, J. 6. Haney, in Farm, Field and Fire side, is best Why Some Dairies Do Not Pay. The dairy the reflex who governs it and is supposed to look ite wants, for the best dairy in world, left to itself, would degen sorry lot Why does thix dairy not pay? start are they good milkers? Are cows that giv pounds of milk a year? during the tion deal of shifting for themselves? not is of the man afier the fen Hrs ye At the they erate into a in a six thousand Are fod year to the point of produ {io ¢ three or they or are they allowed to « a great ix + a feast or faming with them most Ix a small mess of milk and looks sleek regarded from the mistaken notion that she is an easy Arle in t time? not 4 Cow that gives Hs good COW, simply the cows allowed to spring and stimumer pasture with varying feed not every . i : Gile 0 ine take tin condi tions of down to winter, without ny extra supply of provender to the a uniform, and calculated to stimulate the milk flow of! feed has gone” INnAK sl 5 tions after the finsh When the cold weather comes are not Lie allowed when NE COWS to go dry during bitter did these cows on the advent of frosty the months is bringing ice the price it in the summer Are nights kept in the yards or cow houses good bait, amd given a or are they left out te make them “hardy.” so as not 1 feel the cold weather when It cote and as a result require less hay to win : Are sriets these COWS of fond, 3H OWAarn: hee eft ont of doors provided and they instead of wing to warm a farmyard are wi idws this man Ku rw which is the best sitter cow a (be hed, and how many milk Is not thi« feed cake ¥ ¥ hey ” £4 Ld HEL Pejaiye thirty ponnd of ¢ a pound of batie 7 fo tial 0 HELE man always saving 11 is © anes a good hint of the attempt sul quality COW grain make the mil 3 tiie never making to ac is correct--mauking th to himself that if he he would have a dairy that would pa Is not this man always laughing at tf SXOHse were rie attempts of his neighbors, who are (r} wetter herds by the bes light they ean obtain, and saying that it is all nonsense? If our readers will take it is the man who is fol lowing out in the main the things that we have indicated who says the dairy and the man who i= do ing the reverse of all this, and getting the best blood hie can obtain from good dairy herds to add new producing pow ers to Lis herd, and is at every point cheapening the cost of feed, that to day saying that the dairy does pay, and “I am trying to make it pay even better vet with a yet better cow, better feed and a yet finer produce.” Is the reader acquainted with these two? (. Gi. Freer Thonger, in London Farm and Home, ing to their Bt ioe, ix Famons American Privateers. Early in the War of 1812 most of the American privateers were small but it was soon found that they were too weak to capture many vessels, as most of the English merchantimen were too heavily arwed for them, This led to the con. struction of powerful swift-sailing craft, mounting twelve, eighteen, twenty-four and even thirty three. pounders, and manned by 120 and 190 men-—veritable corvettes which were sent fo sea at private expense. Of this class were the privateers Paul Jones, Rosamond, Saratoga, General Armstrong and Yorktown, Perhaps the most formidable of all was the frigate-bullt ship America, a privateer which was purchased in France in 1785 by George Crownin shield. Many of our merchant ves sels, transformed Into privateers, proved to be formidable craft, In fact, a large proportion of our merchant men were bullt with a view to speed; for, thanks to British interference in. our mercantile affairs, the American shipowner had found it preferable to sacrifice a little carrying space in his ships to additional speed, as it would enable him to outsall the British cruiser and thus avoid disastrous de. lays and degrading impressions. Phil adelphia Saturday Evening Post, Eugland, France and Germany have regular traveling salesmen who visit Mexican trade centres every theres With hogs at $3.30 per hundred pounds, mouths, and they get the cream of the business, LE “' NOTES AND COMMENTS. The bicycle face is rapidly giving way, asa topic of interest, to the an- tomobile pocket book, i i A Boston author is suing a news. | paper for $20,000 damages. We have wlways said that there is money in the literary business, Justice Freedman, in an opinion handed down in the Appellate Di- vision of the Supremes Court, New York City, has decided that a hus- | band is liable for debts incurred by his wife. The California state board of prison | directors has adopted a rule that hiere- after when a conviet is found with a deadly weapon in his possession he shall be kept in solitary confinement for the rest of the term, even if it be for his natural life, The Massachusetts girl worth 82,- 000,000, who married her coachman, as least is a great improvement upon Anna Gould, who married Count Castellane, When the money is gone fall back on. A good ostler or conch- | mun is not picked up every day. We have hardiy begun as yet to seratelh the earth's resonrces for sup- porting human life. A ranch forty miles square—and there are larger ranches than that in the West—could raise wheat enough to supply the en- tire population of (ireater New York. With twice the present population of the globe the United States wo iid be sparsely settled, Does any one doubt that Mrs. Mary Morgan is the oldest bride of the ceu- tury * She had seen hundred and two summers when, the other day she was married to James Morgan at Kan. Morgan, the bridegroom, is only one Cialena, James seventy The antomobile has received official recognition from the (verman govern ment. Three jmpelied by petroleum and two by electricity have ordered for use in the postal service, If these prove satisfactory, the vehicles 3 been horses will be abolished by office authorities post Santa Fe No. M.. has a woman's of Trade, now seven vears old, oar: The members keep the ancient palace of the Spanish Government ground order, k in ok after the trees and shrubs run a pablie iecture cons in the public square, library, reading room, Be and several charities, and strive in al ‘to advance prosperity of the United States.” ways the welfare and oldest eity iu the Men and women of moderate means and average station and of the m commonplace education and breeding now require little elegancies fo toilet, a nicety and comforts and Delougings, (al variety ol fouvTenIances in which kings ntent to do with howe an queens have been co ont, Henes we have an enormously extended field for applied art. wonder. ful new possibilities for those who would design beantifal fo and at the same timte put them tion, the San Francisco Chronicle in an article dwelling npon remarkable progress of the in dustrial arts during the present cen tary. » runs into execn observes the a The latest attempt to deal success. fully with the servant girl problem 1s made by an individual who thinks that the difficulty in getting competent girls to enter into the realm of house work would be overcome by allowing them to go home every night, =o that it would really be like goiug out to work by the day. He foresees great opposition on the part of the em. ployer, who would be much incon. venienced. But how about the ob- ject of his kind intentions, how, for instance, would she feel about giving up her comfortable quarters, starting out to less comfortable ones, and re- turning on cold winter mornings ? How frequently employees suc numb to tempiation none can say. As a rile, such cases are not brought into the police courts It is cheaper, | saves time and obviates the creation of a bad impression to merely dis | charge the culprit. What concern is | it of the house whether he fails to secure another position, or whether, having got off fairly lightly in this | ease, he is rendered permanently dis- | honest ? ‘Am I my brother's keeper ?” | is asked to-day as it has been from the beginning. Competition has many sins to answer for and among | them this one is by no means the | least. Would it not be well, from a financial as well as from a moral point of view, {or merchants generally to so arrange their business and their salary list that their employees are exposed as little as possible to sach perils of life-shipwreck ? asks the Dry Goods Economist, A RSENS AISI: The principal source of revenue in the field of college athletics is foot. ball, and after that baseball. ‘fae former sport has long been the most popular sport, and long the most pro- ductive of revenne. When ona con- siders the enormous crowds that flock to see the games of Harvard, Prince: ton, University of Pennsylvania and Yale, ready to pay theatre prices for seats, it becomes apparent that foot- ball turns in a vast amount of money to the common athletic fund. While the returns are large, the expenses are heavy, because of the cost of building immense stands for the spec: tators and the cost of feeding profi for 500. Fortunately, college baseball has been absolutely free from the taint that has almost spoiled pro- fessional baseball, and many persons enthusiastic interest the college games, which, however much they may lack in skill compared with the professional contests, are William Waldorf Astor was not as American in any except the nominal sense of the word, Usually when his name came before the public it was in connection with some act of snob- bishness, bad wanners or bad taste Also it was extremely distasteful to him to think of himself as an American. It reminded him of the ancestral butchers and peddlers states the New York World, And he talked to Americans of his his unfounded and now publicly exploded notion that he was descended not from German peasants but from hanghty French and Spanish nobles—he knew that they were laugh- ing in their sleeves at him. America retnius all of Lim that was of any value—his property. That rewrains here to enrich this country. Only its income goes abroad, and it has been going abroad for years anyhow, A defense of the view that the new century begins with 1000 seems to have simmered down to the state ment that our present system of de- signating the years ix not like another system used by certain persons for certain other purposes; and that that other system had been extended, as it shonld have been, to the naming of vears, the new century would begin months before it really will All this is undoubtedly true, but, what pray, has it to do with the case as it ? Facts thing; might- have-been's and should -be's are other, f i twelve is are one ale and failure to distinguish be- tween the two leads to much waste of time and temper Bey: ud questio HM means the one thonsand eight hundred and ninety-ninth year of the Christian era, aod the next to the l ‘4 ts question, century and 180] We are not o Lave had a vear 0 wonld vod too, 1900 that will ext one ‘ a good idea, but we do assert tha Bil Year was ever recognIZea, that none ever can be without ing date in sll our literature, historical and other that be “every a terribie bother by wonid 1. 1 Priousiy « olutempinted "imes seem to be very har , and the army of unen that oGlonyY is 80 large that u being things are Jueensland government to England pie of the s» resources of the colon mother many advantages it offers to emi 1 worrespondent of the Lond othr are ‘hun tluat of Australia vainly seeking to earn 8 HIViGg cle says that men bluey.,” whatever from one end hier, the cities besiege by thie sud the workers in the various state labor bureaus tho In Victoria it that 10,000 men In between $0) s estimated pear, Rie of employ nue} loved and 5, ODN, In Adelaide nearly 3,000 persons have ment Sida y the nummbet registered at the local labor burean. This state prin cipally the prolonged dre ught throngh which Australia has just passed. Victoria and South Australia have both been unable to retain their natural increase of population former Linas lost about 120,000 persons in seven years Ly excess of emigra- tion over immigration. of affairs is set dow to “T' ae ———— A i Darwin's Old Home. For years Charles Darwin, naturalist, lived in the village of Down in Kent. and now comes the news thal the house which he occupind there has for some time been utterly neglected muny English scientists express the that steps will at once be taken to pre building “which fuil of hope serie Rn is the most important scientific works of thix or aay other age were produced.” Darwin lived in Down from 1842 un- til his death, and his best works were written there. The house which was one of which leads to Tunbridge and the other to Westerham. The raomor that it may be destroyed does not ig Down, and even if there were there are many building plots around the old house, The suggestion has been made that the building be transformed into a Darwin museum of natural history, and various scientific journals are doing their best to have this suggestion carried ont. New York Herald, A War Hinisier's Hamble Home. 11 1s wonderful how much interest fot to the French Ministry of War hax excited, We are continually re ceiving recollections and stories of him. A correspondent informs us to day that the general lives alone in a small fifth-story apartment in the Roe Lord Byron, off the Champs Elysees, with his books, his dogs (Freestone and Milord, presents from the Prince of Wales) and a gray parrot. The ex. traordinary vigor which De Galliffet Lins managed to retain In his old age fie ascribes to his fondness for cold pur , it is affirmed, rarely, sleeps for four hours of a night. BRAVEST OF SS HAAS HE PI aS DOCTORS. GEON WON A DECORATION. Paibetle Episode nt Sea That Awarding of the Mednl of the fee glon of Honor 10 a German-Ameri~ eun Physician, The Paris Figaro relates a pathetic however, a German subject, He hina | promised, in his turn, to go to Paris to receive his decoration. He is uncon. | welonusly a significant figure in this | strange truce of French opposing senti- ments, where the one enemy—"periidi- ous Albion’ —is concerned, He has al 0 to do with the first story which | brought Masson-Forestier the | public — the charming touching | “Jambe Coupes.” New Post, 4 ————————— AO before and York result In the decorating with the fe ENLISTED MAN'S ETIQUETTE. doctor. who is also an officer in the re serve of the German Army. A few nationalist breeze, with, threats of a whirlwind against the Ministry. The prime mover in securing the decoration is M. Alfred Masson, the Rouen law. yer, who ix known in literature as Mas. son- Forestier, the author of the truest French short stories Maupas- gant, and in a far healthier kind of life, wince left Rouen for Philadelphia, with a crew of eighteen Frenchmen, It is said that only Frenchmen will brave the years later, the Wild Flower went up in the open sea. out of the basin, jumped overboard, land. As only the necessary men had been taken, it find a substitute for the and a young Breton, eighteen years old, was derangement of steam apparatus obliged them to work the helm by hand, and the young Breton was appointed for this danger work. The Figaro the merchant marine is civilized w As the boat passed one of the crew and escaped to was essential to deserter, Some accepted, the ols savs that English the onls one of the orld which of doe to fivem 1 protection in such This the fact that courts do not hold the owner for the sort CARER English ships is of responsible accldents that happen simple precautions, to crew throngh la At thrown any little Breton was wheel, and rescued only when had wound was wrapped up as well as pos sible in. The Crew, been completely crush but after ten days gangrene set at the request of captain consented to steer toward north where n be had liners, At Inst Amer! like surgeon of th from one transatlantic ano tx way without noticing distress, demanded, from of biundred » Wounded Was tion distance nine what was the mater on board urgent’ but ir. Max Breuer help The sea was high the st} ii sip sur 1 8 fees 10 row hia Iie from lyin Ampu Folwer ordered taken tl i had quickly i Toul o« wens g toa dec tate] the The man was saved climbing down captain asked him was fle operation, The Nir, are self up: such dang t running is not money The French Doatswais words, and the in name of the French erew, “1 am to have saved a § i ns lie At Philadelphia the was taken the hospital, where he rapidly recovered. But how wax he to carn his living with a single arm? He applied to the French Consul. and was answered that pothing could for him. since he was sailing ander the iritish flag. He went the English Consul, who offered him twelve dollars the remainder of his wages dition that he would sign a paper fore. going oll further claims against company. ed like those of his race, and refused to sign. After months of misery, he worked his way back to Rouen, where some one advised him to consult AM. with tears in thanked voung (German rencuam an the doctor. enters] his boat young Breton to be done in 5 oon. the know, has made a specialty of the legal interests of saflors, the Wild Flower was back in Rouen, amd he at once attached the boat, The captain was obliged to deposit sureties, and the French court condemned the company to pay the Breton salior, maimed in their service for lack of due damages, An appeal wax made, and nuity should be settled on the disabled man. lump sum of 9,000 francs, which the young Breton accepted, aml on which How Our Soldiers Salute Their OM vers Lander Various Conditions, When an enlisted man without! arms passes an officer he salutes with the hand furthest from the officer If mounted he salutes with the right hand, Officers are saluted whether in uniform or not, An enlisted man armed with the | sabre and out of ranks salutes all offi | cors with sabre if drawn; otherwise he salutes with the hand, If on foot and armed with a rifle or carbine he makes the rifle or carbine salute, A mounted soldier dismounts before addressing a officer not mounted, A vile Or non-commissioned officer of a without arms salutes all officers with the hand foot and bine pri- in command detachment but if the detachment be on rifle nr- Ari armed with the or be makes the rifie or « ne wa lue, and if armed Jutes with it An the with a sabre Le enlisted man, if seated approach of an ward him and salutes, rises on officer, faces to- If standing, he { the same purpose. faces the officer for If the parties reioanin in the same place the «1 wl THe such compli Soldiers work to ground ot be repeated, vork do not cease v officer unless addressed by veanon ! whether hand, He ving armed covered or unpeovers twefore addressing also makes the sane a reply. Indoors, HRCOY ers at at attend bie an officer: he addresses if IT PROT | 44 : officer heretofl or unt diers at meals do not rise. Roldiers at all times and in all situa. tions pay the same compliments to offi- cers of the army, navy officers of volunteers and officers of the United thelr oWDO and marines, to militin in the service of the # $ s. as to officers of regi- COTrps r arn Oi im. A Mechanical Milkmaid. A German i aA Dew minufacturer has inve Europe, expe itzerland and about ding a ally in Russia. An in diameter and one xine, Bat it remain back of b provided with from this pipe to 1 Pwelt Iaid At tached a four with small cocks, nected with the shafts collector, whi 3 n is . held by a around the back of the cows of one side the cow there 18 at flexible bh arms, an divided provided Con udder. The QOrst mentioned iron pipe. running ail throug the stable, is connected with a large eviinder fixed at the ceiling, from which a perpendicular tube rans into a filled with water, means of a small hand pump the ! ig compressed in the cylinder and thus through whole The w.ter when rising regulates the pres. in the pipes. It peeds only a movements of the pump's piston the air throughout the whole system, The only thing to be done then is to open the small cocks of the pipes connected with the adder, | and the milk flows into the above de | seribed milk -collecting vessel By this apparatus a large numbers | of cows can be milked in a few min utes, The whole process, from the beginning to the end, does not require more than eight minutes. Philadel- phia Record, «1 ail {ys into simnll and which are down verse] By the pipe, sure few {06 compress tle town of Brittany. With the simple Germans to whom he owed his life, asked Comte de Munster, the German Ambassador at Paris, to see to the dis. posal of the little sum. It was turned over to the life saving society of Bre. men. Then, M. Masson set about obtaining gome recognition for Dir, Max Rrener, who had risked his life in the interest of French humanity. He addressed a first memorial to the Minister of For elgn Affaire, but received no answer. Two years later, in 1808, he prepared another and stronger representation of the care, and took it to a Deputy, who was also a former Minister, to secure the weight of his signature. The ex. Minister confessed that he did not dare to sign a petition for conferring the Legion of Honor on a German subject, Two more years passed and then Jules Lemaltres, anti-revigionist. and now feader of the anti-Masonic crusade, having no political fears, took the memorial to M. Delcasse, the Minister Foreign Affairs. wio has been sub ected to the humiliation of Fashoda, President MeKinley's “Trap” A man with finely cut, dark, smooth shaven features was driving a swell | “gpider” to which a handsome pair of bays were attached up Fourteenth | street the other evening. A pretty young woman sat beside him. A brown-skinped footman in cool sam mer livers occupied the looking tothe rear seat behind, The man holding the reins wore a hig, well-fitting gray Fedora hat, a dark serge suit and pearl driving gloves, It was an une uenally handsome rig and there was » ook of distinction about the man, “Wonder who that duck 87° asked a workingman of his friend when the “spider” whirled by the open car in which they were seated, “Oh, he's a feller that lives scrosa from Lafayette Roare” replicd the other workingman, “That =o¥" sald the first speaker. “Koows how to handle horses, dont Bet! What's the georer's name?” : “MoKinley,™
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers