& & FARM AND GARDEN NOTES. NOTES OF INTEREST ON AGRICULTURAL TOPICS. Peach Tree Borers-~How to Raise Lettuce Fertilizers for Market Gardens-Grafting Ser Variety, Etc, Etc. ——— Peach Tree Borers. The best method of preventing In- jury from peach tree borers is to keep the insects from depositing Its eggs, by hilling up the soil around the trees or placing tarred paper or even wire netting around the trunk to the height of two feet. Noxious washes which will keep away the insects are also advised. flow to Raise Lettuce. Lettuce growers who have held that sandy soils were the only suitable me «dium for forcing this salad crop will ‘be surprised at results reached in ex- speriments at the New York agric ul- ‘tural experhment station, Geneva. In head lettuce grown in house upon soils of different texture it was found that the best results were secured from a soil of rather compact nature (a clay loam basis) which coptained a good proportion sand, elay and silt and was moderate- iy lightened with fairly manure. In fertilizer tests carried on at the the soil, That is, upon sandy «commercial fertilizer plats did better than the stable manure plats, while ing of the soil by the stable manure gave better results than the manured plats than upon those treated with chemicals. Little gain came from mse of both manure and chemicals. With one good supply it is a waste to supplement it with an- «other. Fertilizer for Market Gardens. Among those whose experience ena Liles them to speak with authority up- on the subject, i8 Aaron Low, conclusions, as below stated, to be unanimously approved Massachusetts horticultural that he was addressing: “Farmers and market gardeners oft- en say that they have more confidence in a heavy dressing of stable manure than in any of the commercial fertil- izers in the market. In the vicinity of large cities, where the cost of hauling stable manure is very little, it would pay to use it, but in the country the cost would be much more by #he time that it was delivered. bringing it to too high a figure to leave any profit on its ase. In an experience of twent years in using both stable manure . fertilizers on almost all Kinds of gar ien vegetables, [ have come to the conclusion that [ can grow better crops on the same amount of money's svorth of fertilizer than of stable wma- nure. The guestion is not as to the reliability of stable manure, but as to the amount that the crops cost, and svhen the cost is more than the pro- duet returned the farmer must endeav- seemed by the that farmers, by using a high grade of fertilizers, or chemicals, supplement. ing their use by plowing under green Jpanure.” Grafting for Variety. We bave for a long time believed apd advoeated the idea that the ehar- the stock into which it was grafted, and that some varieties were more easily affected in this way than oth- ers. We find in the National Stoek- man a letter from a Pennsylvania farmer who notices the same facts of variations in the quality of fruits nominally the same, but who ascribes it to different causes, although we think his argument supports our view more than his own. He says: “The same variety, even when the grafts are taken from the same twee, a different strain, but a difference in environments, elevation, soils, Then the age of the tree, its cultiva- are always larger in size, coarser in | grain and not as good Keepers as when | ‘treex. Some varieties of apples are imore subject to change in appearance aod. quality, on different soils, than others. . The old Rambo varies the any knowledge, In an orchard plant «d by my grandfather seventy-five or more years ago there were fifty or wore Rambo apple trees, and there seemed to be several separate and dis inet varieties, ranging in color from green with but very few pale-red stripes, to deep red with but few green stripes, and in size from very small to the size of a large Baldwin or anedinm-gized Fallawater. And in tex- tore some were almost as fine as a Seckel pear, while others were as | pofirse In the grain as a pumpkin. One tree which stood in the dooryard bore sedivm-sized fruit, light in color, fine grained, and pronounced by all to be tlie best Rambo they ever tasted, but when grafts taken from this tree wern put on other Rambo trees they invarl- |} ably produced fruit just lke the tree “on which they were inserted, and not dike the tree from which they were gaken. 1 have seen Baldwins of all varying much in character, especially if they were, as many used seventy five years ago, and a8 some use now, seedlings grown from the apple pom- ace at the old sider mill, which natur. ally would, then, at least, contain seeds from seedlings as well as some grafted trees. The color, texture and keeping qualities of the fruit would vary aecording to those qualities in the stock the grafts were set n- American Cultivator. Increasing Dairy Profits. The average price for the average cow, barring fluctuations in market, seldom, if ever, exceed $50, and often is as low as $20 and even less. We will say that from $30 to $40 will usu. ally purchase the average cow, from the products of which our dairy sta- tisties are taken. This, then, makes a dairy of fifteen cows, worth from $450 to $600, and we would say that at a forced sale it would be hard to realize the first figure, Under present improved conditions these cows ought to produce 200 pounds of butter, yearly, or its equiva- lent, worth at twenty cents a pound Will this allow any margin or profit? No, not If the utilize their own labor, with possibly the addition We will say that it costs $25 per to keep these cows the year and this in a region where they must be Kept up and fed six months annually, and a large part of the farm in the shape of pasture and meadow devoted to their maintenence is » conservative estifhate, The $15 per head extra accruing is no more than fair pay for making the butter or carrying the milk away once or twice daily to the manufactory. In fact, it must be made to cover all la bor involved in the care, manufacture and sale of milk from one cow for 365 days. Primarily, a profit in any busi ness arises from the fact that we turn business into money. A cow yielding a gross income to her owner of $40 per annum may thus be accounted profitable, but if she yiekis £350 or $60 in the same length of time she Is more profitable. Thus, a man with a herd of the first grade of ani mals cited, if he utilizes his own labor, and that of his family finds himself able to pay the interest on his mort. gage, live comfortably, and Keep from getting deeper Into debt, If he can make his brain work equally with his brawn, and bring his milch cattle into the £30 or $60 class, Lie can lift the mortgage, stop interest drain, and put permanent and valuable improvements upon his farm. Dairy: men who know by general results that they are either standing stationary or running behind should at once make an effort to find out exactly where “are at.” By this. | mean, figure out as near as you can what it is costing you per head annually to keep the cows, and balance this against the total receipts for one year. This will give you =» starting point or base from which to figure the possibilities of increased profits. —George E. Newell, Buying a Paper. “Here, boy, let me have a paper.” “Can't.” “Why not? You've got them. 1 heard you crying them lond enough to be heard to the city hall” “Yes, but that was down {other where 1 hollered.” “What does that matter? Come, now, no fooling: hand me a paper; I'm in a hurry.” “Couldn't sell you a paper on this here Slock, mister, ‘ecs It belongs to Limpy. He's just up the furdest end now. You'll meet him." “And who is Limpy? And why does “*Cos us other kids agreed to let him have it. Ye see, it's a8 good run on ‘count of the offices all along, and the peor chap is that lame he can’t get around lively like the rest of us, so we agreed that the first one canght sellin’ on his beat should be thrashed. on “Nenu, I do see. So you have a sort of brotherhood among yourselves?” “Well, we're a goin’ to look out for “There comes Limpy now, He's a | fortunate boy to have such friends.” The gentleman bought two papers of and he went on his way down town, wondering how many men in business would refuse to sell their win It Was Ordered, In the biography of Prince Bismarck it is sald that when he was minister at St. Petersburg, Russia, he was walking one morning in the summer garden and met the tsar, who luyited hima to join him. Presently Bismarck noticed a wen try stationed in the middie of a large grass plat and asked what he was do- pr there, The tsar did not know, and asked the alde-decamp, who in turn inquired of the sentry. “It is ordered,” was the reply. Every official gave the same ane swer, “It Is ordered,” but. nobody knew by whoni. A sentry had always stood guard in the middle of that ine nocent grass plot. The archives were A but in vain. At last an aged official was found, who had been told by his father that the Empress Catherine had © once seen a snowdrop rendy to bloom In that spot, and had “and yet there is but one Baidwin wp LABRADOR'S QUEER FOLK. Li White Men Who Live There of Their Own Choice, Tt seems strange that with freedom to come and go civilized men should choose to dwell in na region so terribly bleak and sterile as Labrador. Yet of the 8,700 Inhabitants of that great peninsular, 3,000 are of the white or mixed race. They mainly are descen- dants of English sailors, some of whom were shipwrecked and more of whom probably left their ships without leave. Finding themselves stranded on this lonely shore, they made the best of their lot, marrying Eskimo wives and living after the manner of the country. In later times some Newfoundiannders chose rather to settle in Labrador than make the uncomfortable trips to and fro yearly from St. John's for the annual codfishing off the Labrador shores, These brought their wives apd children with them and intro- duced a new strain of civilized life. All of these people live in little set. tlements strung along the coast, on islands or In flords, from Battle Har- bor south to the Gulf of St. law. rence, They dwell In houses of stone or logs. In winter they wear hooded fur garments like the Eskimos; in summer the ordinary garb of New- foundland fishermen. The women dress in gray or blue woollen stuff, with a gaudy gown for best. On their heads they wear 1 knit hood or a bright-colored handkerchief, and, it may be, at out-of door work or abroad on the water, a man's sou’ wester. pasted such pictures as they been able to clip from the few news. papers that fall in their way, goods to the trading stores, and pie- tures of thes ort issued by tract so cletios, living room is always a Bible, reli are not biting or a fare of dressed and flaked, It is a and sober-minded community, the whites along the coast of Labra- dor. Their religious ministrations are several missions In Labrador; temperance Is assured by Labrador, and these liquors in which deal inexorably of strong water, Made Blue By His Pork. sugene Roggen, a patient at the City Hospital, suffering from nitrite of sliver poisoning, Is disconsolate converted into a man of odd ashy bluish tinge, which are constant ly widening, with promise of covering his entire face. Other body are similarly affected, time, if he should live and his occupation, he will resemble bine wan of India, object of curiosity this country a few years His trouble Is due handling of nitrate of in the deadly fumes that arise its manufacture. Roggen iz a native of Switzeriand, 45 years old, and lives with his fam. ily in Cincinnati. Shortly after arrival in this country, knowledge of the process of manufac and continue ago. mirror maker, to manufacture the ar ticle, receiving for his services £15 a week. The work had to be done at his home, and, as Roggen was not bhicssed with commodious apartinents, a small attic room which contained a portion of his household effcets was used as a manufactory. In this small room he worked for years, often assisted by his good wife, inhaling into his sys tem the deadly fumes, and saturating his body with a substance which has alréady rendered him marked among men.--Cincinnati Inquirer. The Wrong Record. “No, thank goodness, he isn't calling tiere any more!” exclaimed the pretty girl in blue with a stamp of her foot. “I verily believe that that young man wouldn't take a hint If it was willed to him with fifty thousand dollars in government bonds attached. As a shining example of what a wooden au- tomaton would be in a trance, he is a distinet suceess, “He ealled here the nther evening, as he had been doing for some time, and 1 thought I would see if 1 could awa. ken a little enthusiasm in him. 1 turned the conversatioc around to Hobson and asked him if he wouldn't like a chance to equal Hobson's rec ord. “ “Wouldn't iw he exclaimed, with glowing face, ‘just think of his taking that boat in there and sinking ber without losing a man! “That settled 't! I yawned In his face and looked at the clock, and slowly but positively froze that young man outdoors. If by any chance he should call here again I'll call the police!" Detroit Free Press. Influence of the Mad Mullah. Not much Is known about the “mad mullah,” the old man of India. le ix mad only in the fanatical sense. He first made himself notorious in the Chitral outbreak of 1805, when, al though more t seventy years old he was among the foremost in energy and strategic ability. In the fighting at the Malakand lost two fingers, against the khan of Dir in the “jee had,” or holy war. There Is a feud of long standing between the Swatls and the kaban, The kahan claims certain parts of upper Swat, and at intervals from before the British occupation un- til this day, he has been in the habit of raiding the country. Kis agent, a Khaka Khel of the Zairat, near Now- shera, had spread terror throughout the valley, but it is doubtful whether the khan, with all his boasts—for he is an weak man-—-would be able to main- tain his official position were it not for British support, The frontier will not be secure ns long as the mullah is at large, but the suppression of the present outbreak is Hkely to lead to an independent in- quiry into the pretensions of the khan of Dir with a view to a settlement of the old controversy.—London Letter in Chicago Record. Newgate's History. It is the history that clings to the gloomy pile that makes Newgate such a very interesting bit of old London. Originally it was a place of confine. ment over one of the city gates-~the New Gate, The various gates of the city until the time of ihe great fire wore used as prisons. In the New Gate Anne Askew was confined, ar- rested for denying the doctrine of tran- substantiation when Henry VIII was king, for which she was horribly tor- tured and sulwequently burnt at the stake. After the great fire of London a orison house was built on the site a — - William Penn, the founder Many people claim was of Pennsylvania. Tower of London that Penn wrote his “No Cross, No Crown" in Newgate for writing a political “Hymn to the Pillory.” It is also related that while in Newgate he thought out his great “Robinson " which was not written for years afterward. —New York A ————————— An American Battle Cry. “Remember the Raisin” was once a war cry in a part of this country. The River Halsin in Michigan is remark. pry ye 1813. attacked The and Proctor, Americans had been The American general and his their troops surrendered on Proctor's promise of protection and safety. The Biitish general marched off leaving no guard for the Americans. The Indians returned and burned the sick and wounded in the threw others into the flames; tomahawked and scalped many more, Only thirty three escaped out of a thousand. The victorious American army under Gen- eral Harrison afterward fired their hearts to deeds of valor and bravery by sounding the war cry, “Remember houses: Commander P_ilip's Discipline intimate friend of Commodore Philip tells the following Though Commodore Philip's religious side has heen much emphasized and comment- be is a deterinined man and will brook no opposition. Once, when he was in charge of the Pacific mail steamer China he carried two passengers of foreign nationality, who persisted in smoking in their state rooms during the hours when smoking was prohibited. Philip, then captain, called their attention to the fact, but instead of heeding his warn. ing one answered him impudently. Nothing further was said at the time, but the next morning the offen: sive passenger was handcuffed to the upper deck for three hours, and for the remainder of the trip that parti cular person seemed to have lost all desire to indulge his craving for a smoke. —I'hiladeiphia Baturday Even. ing Post. The Proper Dress for Dogs. In apite of the ridicale that has been east upon it the absurd practice of providing costumes for canine pels still prevails in Paris. In the win. dows of the dog tailors may be seen little astrakhan overcoats with Hnings of pink or blue satin and collars of er mine or sheepskin, For travelling there are light wrappers fastened round the waist, if a dog has a waist, ty belts of tanned leatner. Cambric shirts with Iace frillings are quoted at £3. and patent leather shoes—where ia the French 8B. P. C. A. ?—complete the costume, Every wellddressed dog has a collar appropriate to his breed. A Great Dane should wear Mexican ignana skin lined with white morocco, For smaller animals fashion dictates a white calfskin necklet set with tur quoises, while four footed [ops appear in orange velvet studded with pre clos stones and bung round with lockets. London Chronicie, aon An tia mn An Insulated Cat. Jacob Titus, of Spring Valley, hins an insulated Maltese ent which has been shocked by trolley, telegraph and telephone live wires, but does not mind it, On Sunday evening the eat was chased by a Newfoundland dog. She sprinted for the nearest telegraph pole, There was a streak of Maltese up the pole and then the eat wad secure on a cross tree thirty five feet from the ground, Wailing with h impunity on all NEWS FOR tHE FAIR SEK.! ITEMS OF INTEREST oN NUMEROUS FEMI- RINE TOPS. Queen Victoria's lncome~Worn Over the | Bodice-~Bracelets Like Finger Rings | Cloth for Street, Dresses, Etc., Etc. Queen Victoria’ & Income, Queen Victoria's anpual Income | from the Btate amounts to $1,925,000 | Of this sum $300,000 is for her private | expenditures, $960,500 for the main- taining of her royal household, £556,300 for salaries and pensions of her court service and $66,000 for presents, alms | and gpecial services, Thus there re- mains only $40,200 to be accounted for | or deposited as savings by the Queen. | This would not suffice to meet the | many expenses incumbent upon a roy- al court. The Queen has a revenue of $40,000 yearly left to her by her mother, the Duchess of Kent, and the special allowance made by the State | to her husband, amounting to $150,000 yearly. — demoupsirates at once its catholicty and {is conservatism, both prominent The 1803. New York Mail and Ex- press. An Accomplished (Queen, Tt 1s not often that a husband and a able to wish each other happy returns” on the same of Porta gal are in the enviable position of be- ing able to do so, says a writer in Cas- Dom Carlos was born 1863, and his con- the Donna Amelia, on the same The Queen There is, however, another point be- of Portugal can claim to be unrivalied among the royal ladies of Europe. has received a medal for saving life? Donna Amelia is a strong swimmer, and some years ago she plunged bold- Worn Over the Bodice. Boleros of lace, velvet, guipme and chenille-on-net are sold to wear over a simple under-bodice, or to elaborate an evening gown that is a bit passe, They bardly deserve to be dignified by so positive a title as bolero, as some of them are not jackets at all, but mere points to fall back and front from a collar or yoke made of jewelled cm- broidery, ribbon or a band of lace. Worn over a plain white silk bodice, the black lace “bolero” embrodiered with gold, silver or black and daintily adorned with knots of ribbon or Trills of lace is as effective as the most cost- ly bodices could be. Bome of these compromises of bodices are of cloth of gold with turquoise embroidery and are almost as costly as they are effect- ive. Bracelets Like Finger Rings. The latest bracelet is made in the form of a very heavy Etruscan gold finger ring of immense size, It widest on the back of the wrist, and graduates in size to the middle of the inner wrist, like a ring. The pattern of ornamentation is of the same char acter, and it i= set with various gems, accentuating the design of the heavy chasing, the jewels being set down deep in the gold, in what is commonly termed a setting. The only opening in this bracelet is in the contre of the Inner side, and is in the form of the old fashioned brace let spring clasp it is rather a stiff bracelet, and does not readily open, so Laat it is not easily put on or taken off, and it fits very saugly to the wrist. is “EYpsy Cloth For Street Dresses. For the spring, cloth bias fair to be the only material worn for street dresses. The newest spring suits are made with boleros, and the bolero is more a la mode than ever, The wary are having the pew light cloth tailor suits they are taking with them to the Riviera, and that they mean to wear on into the summer, made with very simple skirts. One of the most attract fve of these gowns was of black cloth, with a perfectly plain skirt, cut with that receding movement in froni and the fiat back that fashion orders nowa days. The waist had long revers put on something like a stole, trimmed with incrustations that form a little trimming. charming and easy to copy | pothing but a band two inches or so jong, pointed at the end made of white satin, laced with cord and bord- ered with cord. One of these orna- ments was also in the middie of the plain yoke of royal blue velvet, and the belt was a little girdle, in which the same motive was earried out, Another taflor suit was of black cloth with plain skirt, festooned at the | bottom, with many rows of white silk | gtitching above it forming a trim. ming of deep festoons, With it was to be worn a very smart little bolero, fitting the figure like a glove, also treated around the bottom with the motive of the skirt. © The revers was | covered with roses of the daintiest lin- | gerie, incrustations of lace upon linen cambric.— Harper's Bazar, Where Trained Nurses Find Rest. The Metropolitan Trained Nures' Club of New York is unique becanse it is the first and probably the only incorporated club for trained nurses in the country. Many training schools | and hospitals have their special clubs, | but this 8 different, because it repre- | sents all the best schools. [tx con servatism is shown by the article re- | lating to membership in its constitu. | tion. Only a trained nurse in good | standing, having a diploma from a training school of a large hospital con taining one hundred beds or more, and who can give the names, as references, of three physicians and two patients, may become a regular registered mem. ber, She has, too, to reside in New York one year before she is eligible. This conservatism has given the club high standing, and has made member. ship in it a certifieate of excellence in itself. The club house unites two city residences on Forty first street, Here are pleasant parlors and reading rooms for the use of the members, with living accommodations for a con. siderable number. Twenty-seven members now live there, and with the elasticity that is an attribute of a nurses’ home, there is usually room for one or two more, When it is realized that in round numbers there are 10,000 trained nurses in Greater New York, it is no ma. The Queen still enjoys a swim, and any morning during the months of September and October she may be at Cascaes (the Brighton of Port- ugal) swimming further out to sea than most of her subjects would care to follow her. A cutter manned by is always in attendance, The Queen Is also a daring borse- woman, and rumor says that when first she came to Portugal she made herself undeniably unpopular among a cetrain section of her husband's court by this very accomplishment. Ladies and gentlemen in waiting are probably as capable as any one of ad- miring a bold and graceful rider; but in addition to admiring they perforce, emulate also, the feel ing of admiration is apt to be swal- The Queen chose to ride ‘cross country, and to ride hard; the envrions of Lisbon are hilly, stony and intersected by frequent walls, No matter: where the Queen went the gentlemen and ladies in walt- ing had to follow, This was some now the Queen keeps to the and rides almost unatiend- Years ago; high roads, ed tut Donna Amelia's graces are by no means merely physical; she is an earnest student of theology, and she also made a thorough study of principles of medicine, and has all examinations in that school before the faculty of Lisbon. Has the passed the Gleanings From the Shops. Flannel matinces lavishly trimmed with cream lace and ribbon. New muslins with dainty rosebuds scattered closely over the surface, Yokes and high collars made of white satin covered with cream lace, Cameo brooch pins surrounded on the outer edge by mosaic enamelling, Linen and duck suits showing strap- ped seams and insertings of embroid- ery. Ace bows of point tached to a chiffon. Light pink and blue musling with large rose designs interspersed with black polka dots, Pearl-gray cloth costumes trimmed with white satin and endless rows of machine stitching. Many new stock collars finished with square or circular tabs in the back. variously trimmed. White ribbons in various widths showing designs of cherries and thelr leaves in natural shades. Bodices of cream guipure having the principal portion of the pattern out- lined with gray chenille. Dark-red vcloth walking jackets piped on the edge with black velvet ontlined with gold and black braid — Dry Goods Economist. d’Alencon at- stock= collar of shirred Some Intel Intelligent Orders. Here are some orders recently re ceived by a druggist in a neighboring city: “This child is my little girl. 1 send you five cents to buy two sitless pow. ders for a groan up adult who is “Dear Docliter, ples gif bearer five sense worse of Auntie Toxyn for to “You will pleas give the lettle bol five vente worth of epecac for to a five months’ old babe. N. B-The babe has a sore stum- mick.” “I have a cute pain in my child's dia- Mease give my son something “My little babey has eat up ita fath- Send an antedote “I haf a hot time (un my insides and wich 1 wood like it to be extinguished. What ix good for to extinguish it. The enclosed money is for the price of the extinguisher, Hurry pleas" -~New York Tribune, How Meats are Canned. Canned roast beef, so called, roasted, but boiled. The other k of canned beef ix bolled corned beef. Both kinds, if properly packed and eared for will keep for ages. The cane ning is simple, the process having an. years, Large pleces of fresh ment are boiled in vats ’ meat Is cut Into convenient chunks, Which are put lt Ite ee A
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers