FARM AND GARDEN NEWS. ITEMS OF INTEREST ON AGRICULTURAL TOPICS, The Wid Carrot Weed=-Quack Orass on Sandy Soil-Harrow for Cultivatiag Cora «The Shepherd's Crook---Etc., Etc. WILD CARROT WEED. is scarcely a weed that a nuisance in pastured land wild carrot. It is a biennial, like the cultivated carrot, making only small growth the first season, but sending up seed stalks, and bear. ing its quota of seeds the second year, On poor land it grows very small, but seeds, even though the stalks are only a few inches high. It is hardest to crowd out on poor soil Where the land deh and with clover, that will smother of the plants the first If any escape the smothering they will grow up much higher than the clover, After a very | heavy rain, so as to wet the soil sev eral inches deep, the wild carrot may be pulled out by putting the hand low down and grasping the top of the root It is not easy work, and the dust from carrot blossoms is often injurious to those who have or tarrh.— American Cultivator, THE There more of than the in is seed « mast season severe colds <i QUACK GRASS ON SANDY SOIL. Where quack grass is fully lished on sandy soil, its roots go down very deep, and it is harder to destroy than is quack in a soil that is clayey or loamy. In the latter, both alr and light better from the quack roots than is possible where the soil It besides, exceed ingly ditlicult to lig down deeply enough to bring all estab- are excludéd is sandy. is, plow or «a the quack But the permanent sod, roots the surface as quack they are of less disadvantage on sandy soll, which hard get seed ed with either grass or clover. In fact, some sandy soll farmers have told to roots secnre is often fo us that they considered the quack nearly h advantage ment to ir farms Sut generally noticed was made alter determine cessful efforts t grass, and qualities with s¢ a8 ht th yile we ont eX pase in progres corn for good has inc ears some to make rnd ered Results obtal whether dry are no doubt much the essentiaihy ing the er and in a farmer weather weather does not work of lin i is all handling HANDINESS WITH One of tions ployed in sufficient mechanical ability not mere ly to use farm tools, but if need repair them than true now that done through the horse, nish man's work is only to direct the implement doing of i chanical ingenuity to order. An unskilliful man in charge of A reaper or not fal | to accomplish much, bat he very probably have a oken machine on Lis bands that it will good deal expense to far better to who are or repair all kinds of hinery toough they require higher wages It | is this Kind of skill that aurely commands good wages every where, TOOLS the most important qualifica needed in a farmer or one em farm work is that he have br This is more worl in wind power 80 much farm implements steam or the motive power, while ined Keep its work Many tools require much hese farm me Keep them in | mower will only will br require a It is farm help ingenious enough manage y of repair employ wen as to nad even most THE HARROW FOR CULTIVAT ING CORN. The best uplement | know of for cultivating corn is the common har. row, which I have used with success When the corn is three to five inches high I go over the field with the har row, being careful to have the horses walk astride the row each time, The work may appear wasteful at first True it may pull down and cover some but 1a remedy this evil two, three or more young people or children follow with hoes made as follows: Take a piece of tough board 1x1 1-2 inches and six ivches long tnd into it drive four or fire three-inch wire nails one inch apart, get old broom or rake han- dles and fasten on for handles, These are easily made. 1 give one to each heiper and take one mnyself. With these we follow the harrow, pulling up the down or covered corn, thus stir- ring the ground thoroughly, making a good job. The work is mere play. If need pe I run the harrow over the othe” way across the fleld a few days later, thas pulverizing the ground and iving the corn a splendid start, fol towing the harrow each time with the lwea. After this put on the one-horse cultivator or scuffer every eight or ten days until the tassels are on or you ars out of sight in the corn. This was my mode ef cultivation last summer » and my neighbors admitted I had one of the finest corn fields in the neigh borhood, with scarcely a hill missing, John W. McKenzie, Canada, in Amer. lean Agriculturist, THE SHEPHERD'S CROOK. How many herders in this country use a shepherd's crook, and how many men are there who know how to make one? Any blacksmith of ordinary in- genulty cnn make one with a little in struction. Tuke a rod of spring steel five-sixtec: ths of an Inen thick; weld it to the socket of an otd hoe handle, for the reception of the wooden han die; bend it into a hook about four | inches long, an Inch wide on the inside | at the bulge, and seven-eights at the | neck, so that it may spring open and cloge again on the leg: flatten it at the | point and turn it out about an inch or | more and back, with a roll or knob on the end, to prevent laceration of the sheep's leg. The wooden handle should be six or seven feet long. With the sheep hook in hand the herd er's labor is greatly lessened and sim plited. If a ewe Is to be caught it is clumsy and cruel to create an uproar and set all the other ewes and lambs to running about and trampling down the Instead of that let him quietly out with the hook and seize her by the leg, preferably a hind sg, and no great disturbance is ated. his weakest, reach ore SPRAYING MIXTURE FORMULAS Paris Green insects Mix pounds For destroying paris n, three 100 to one pound gree fresh stone 200 gallons water. Kt allow {tle while Arsenate of Lead Mix eleven ounces acetate o four of Mix the i and ir well and don't used time vi #1 to s¢ being For destroying insects f lead, aid 100 to of OUNnCes arsenate soda 200 gallons water lead and arsenate in about a gallon of warm then mix together, Jordeaux Mixture Make a containing sulphate copper (bine vitriol), fi and forty acetate of soda separately water, nll solution five pounds of ve pounds lime water fifty gallons chards paris green 0 it In the propor notnkd to each forty r fifteen sired for Tobaceo RGN contact [i Prepare : ning pond taobnoey terns in two gal Judd Farmer, ane tobacco or ater Orange AND FRUIT GARDEN CULTUR Trees and fruiting plants in genera titl the key note cuiture. To send r B but they fertilizers require ugitivation is stccessful fruit age more, Ht a growing orchard down fo grass is nw and unscien We should sary CY most id certainly a regard ous of tic practice and ROW corn of crops Irees a8 we Ie neard named potatoes, and whoever i # these lad to down NO to admit and ing we want a loose’ mellow and thrift Fa to prom yi jo not fet the fruit sun aar growth Wish hard moisture aml the cultiva August, to to con and Keep until and have all the room fertility moving, the soil friable there is surely This matter of tillage cannot be too strongly emphasized. The really rational mode of pruning is to use principally the thumb and finger for the work, that is, visit the orchard frequently during thy grow ing season, remove surplus branches | while they are still in the bud or ten der shoots, Why allow the tree to expend much vitality in producihg wood which must Ve eventually cut | away? Better by far only allow what wood is actually needed to be grown, and reserve all remaining energy for | producing fruit buds and fruit The less sawing done in an orchard the better. 1 do not by any means ad: vise withholding the saw If it be need: ed. Scientific pruning really very needful to successful fruit culture What | do mean is to urge growers to as far as possible prune the young shoots and thus do away with the ne cessity of large use of axe or saw, Thinning is another vital principle of fruit culture. It often requires some courage to thin fruit as it should be done, It seems to be a loss and a pity to destroy so many fine speci mens of growing peaches, plums, ete; but it must be done to secure highest results, Surely one large fruit is worth more than two small ones, The large one not only sells for more is but exhausts fhe two small ones, We cannot afford to allow a tree to over bear, It means a sure loss —M. Summer Perkins in Farm, Field aod Fireside, tree less than the OUR DEADLY FOUR-INCH GUNS. A Favorite on Board the Best Ships of the Navy. In every engagement which permits thelr we read of the effective work done by the four-inch guns of The main batteries of ull four-inch rapid fire rifles, which are altogether the most popular weapons in the for offensive amd de- fensive purposes on the Hghter ves The Castine, the Helena, th. Machias, the Nashville, and the Wil. each equipped with eight guns, while the Annapolis, the Marietta, the Newport, the Prince ton, the Vicksburg and the Wheeling mount six of them The Ban croft relies upon four, and the Do! phin upon two as their chief fighting rowers use, service sels, are these Even the formidable Iowa has six of them upon the approach of torpedo boats, and the i York twelve in her secondary battery in Minneapolis, hav. her superstructure to deter armored « New ruiser vessels the and the apiece, and Puritan is ded four inch advantage of these gi fastest two navy, the double turret prov with six to support her 12 monsters The chief lies in 104 extreme rapidity of fire manipulation, at all 1 "i easily 0 pPler and ease while thelr penetrating bles ti all unarmored cruisers tects power ranges eun t projectiles * and lightly gun positions This of fo ! ir iL weighs, without its mount, “5 1 or exactly 3,400 pounds. [It 13.7 feet, = and its 19 greate hore length fwist t O Ore v1] KE grooves, It fires: 14 pounds of develops n's Chasce of Life. 3 a ge (0 are ng phrase aged 20 living “ay Oto 4, 160 years more,” Le, to age of a man aged 20 att ng only 1 in 106, or odds of 9 to As to 770 per 1,000 live 10 age therefore the chance of a man aged 50 living 60 is represented by odds of 77 to or about 7 in favor of the aged 50 living 10 years more " favorable as it f con nearly as great as 16 to chance in favor of a man aged 29 | ing to age 30. Glanciag at men 0 we see that only 835 per 1.060 10 years more, iL age SH. thi mening that 34 per live the 10 in sport ¢ as only out of the 145K Lin the chance Hin TH) LS we e., to may y to 2 nee, in, is o tHe Lie not age to 106) OC. a man living te age 80 is represented by the odds 92 against him. AR for men aged 90, of 1.000 men alive at age 90, only 4 live to age 100. Thus at age 90, the of 249 to 1 against the man-—quite an outside chance, actual shot and abel; and to stop these, nettings of stout rope. thickly tarred and then sanded, were placed next to the sides of the ship. Similar nettings are still used, but tliey are now made of steel rope, or of ordinary rope and leather, or are woven into a thick mat, which is quite efficacious against small pleces of bursting shell In addition, many ships are now fit ted with steel traverses or bulkheads, placed crosswise of the ship, between the guns, and these also serve to pre vent destruction of life by flying frag. ments. New York Independent, Restaurant dining is becoming more than ever the rage in London, Eng land. Artificial legs and arms + were in use in Egypt as early as B. C. 760. AFRAID OF INDIANS. Terror Vanished When the Red Men Began to Sing a Hymna. About sixty-five years ago, says a writer In the Montreal Witness, two youths came from Scotland, and struck out for the wilderness of Oxford ada, They had heard that kopt a sharp and somewhat watca, Nearing thelr destination, they encamped one chilly night by the side of a stream. thelr lunch, hovering they were overwhelmed hment and fear by seeing a band of Indians suddenly arrive. As it was too late to try to escape, and as the mdians were many fight, the young fellows decided to parley with the savages: but their “parleying” was rendered of no effect by the fact that the Indi spoke not a word of English the Se boys were totally | fire aston over the with too 10 while ang ote gnorant of the sign language in which the Indians tried to Converse fut presently the inde a gesture which the bovs psnderstood It was a beckoning sign and plainly meant come anlage “Wall, said other, “it is one of the boys to the to dle, and we may as well die n camp as here” “In any event ill die sald the other. “We will.” Na wow they started follow ing thi rather followed along by then i wige Indians, or Soon they reached a large Indian I which the y entered. The Indians beck niront of a large fir of the lodge oned to them to sit down Cote willis tha r Lele 1 I'he own tongue wey joined In unction had ever before I ore no doubt, th known and when the Indians ir devotion votional ing it; the bad been the men one of Hussionaries no other purpose than grateful hospitality 82 youths to their The next morning they ate wit, gus food and to the which their hosts offered them expressing their thanks could, went their way. as What Two Flags Represent. England's national flag has been called “a triplet of crosses” for it composed of the cross of 8t George. the cross of Rt. Andrew, and the cross of St. Patrick. Thus: The flag of “St. George for merrie England,” a red cross on a white ground, the red lines drawn straight from top to bottom. and from side to side; the flag of St. Andrew for Scotland, a white cross on a blue ground: the flag of 8t. Patrick for Ireland, a red cross on a white ground, the narrow red lines drawn from corner to corner. By placing the cross of St. George on that of St. An- drew we have “the Jack.” as ordered in 1606 by James I. whose signature was always “Jacques” hence the ex. pression, “the Jack.” By laying the cross of Bt, Patrick over that of St Andrew and then placing that of Rt. George over both, we have “the Union Jack,” as borne since the union with Ireland in 1800. Au eloduent Canadi &n writer finds that the American flag and the English flag wave together with singular beanty .and harmony, “the one proclaiming the starry heavy. ens, symbolical of God's infinite pow er-—the other emblematic «f his great. est work, the redemption of mankind. The Origin of Bi== Blood. After the Moors ere driven out of Spain the aristocracy of Spain was beld to cousist of those who traced thelr lineage back so the Ume before in the Moorish conquest. These peopls were whiter than those who had been mixed with Moorish blood, The veins upon their hands were blue, while the blood of the masses, contaminated by Moorish Infusion, showed black upon their hands and faces. So white Spaniards came to deelare that their blood was “blue.” while that of the common people was black. The the England and America. It is now New York Tribune, THE GUNS OF THE LADRONES. the South Pacific. he what A cannon Ix big to laid, it Comes o of the « been and {00 mis In ing ally known The vill war are known to ha is gener { old guns smoothbores used up in soldiers’ monuments (i. A. R f an earlier per emblems, Condemned od now Peace in many coastwise towns | buried corners to the Ions $4.0 Hr 1m rel « the muzzle blocked wi I'he museum But the thie Cac an old cannon ball shrunk in forts and the military count for a few ox for ml coount past, and the melting posed to have rece metal of war Much of the melted anticu heen down into pans of peace but ther thousands of many scattered all over seldom mount were loaded zird on the ground fo just g ana fort nag make a nose ire still there on the island ivilized races hav powder, and it is Sea Islanders of their 1 have negle York Sun Wr EN Uncomfortably Near to Fame. Some lawyers were talki day in a Piscataquis town about ’ Peters told a upon a quick wit of Chief Justice - ilinstrate one of them oCourred hat tween Pets w Ones re and “Old Corpeilus.” by in y . Bangor was then jaain Mr He had boarded at the porter of a big hotel The chief justice goed there, had had a and good times mans frolic all of which knowl in great seriousness. “Mr. Peters he began, “I am going to publish a book telling my experiences and recol- house, take?” “Thunderation, How many copies will you Cornelins™ I'll take the whole edition” Lewiston, Me. Journal. Austrian Army Shelter Tent. The Austrians have recently adopt. ed for their army a shelter tent, which when not pitched, is separated into pieces cut to fold over and form storm coats for the soldiers. The material waterproof linen, bound along the edges with wire braid and provided with cords, which serve the double purpose of fastening either the tent or coat. Upon baiting for a night the soldiers remove or unpack their coats in pairs, tie them together and form their tent upon their two ri- flea, which, with bayonets fixed, are stuck into the ground to form tent poles. BREA 5 AW SH 5 ob There was a striking clock ‘a Wests minster Abbey in 1638. MADE A REPUTATION. An Erudite Man's Conversation With a Bey and the Result are naturally sucn nna full of benevolence, specially toward the young, that they help spreading wisdom wher- ever they grow, That the seed may ground is proved by who went Nova Beo- Some good teachers men wi cannot stony fall upon i story which a gentleman, aunting into the interior of tin, tells The miles at night by a id de Wis { in a letter arried sixteen KiX1een years The driver The huo hunter Was ( I» § and a horse fifteen years old and the boy figloen was tedious, inclined to fall ter, therefore, thought 1 niterest him be asked the before?’ } Star.” North thie the The told i Lid and ap nd how it ave intel the stran where he and the boy, Riveting Electrically throes lerivet about at position 1 DUS for Var in the Press i sizes of work is eaxily gulated a rriot ie MARLEE necessary amount ze of ny About Coughs. Every person h oughs shonld alarm himself with the idea bad Experien ww has that he I« in a way us of Lat there are ane pro- the lungs two distinet Kind Yisney Poror or Oe EGInR rom § air-tubes, the other and procesding m effervescence in the 8 A symp 1tten oy il 3 he lungs 1 which all know y 1 ro Yous est ensue, stomach much more simple matter, and may easily be got by the food and SOrIOUs Consequences cough is a quit of. It is caused tion. A knowledge of this fact ought to lead persons so affected to ponder a little on the nature of their allment and the tone of their digestive powers, ~ New York Ledger. A New Method of Handling Grain. The conveying of large quantities of grain from one point to another ig frequently attended with very serious loss, and plans of all sorts have been adopted at one time or another to avoid this waste. One of the newest ideas In this line is the carrying of grain In tight boxes or tanks and transferring it from one receptacle to another by what is equivalent te pumping. Flexible pipes are distrib uted through the tanks and powerful engines draw the grain in at one end of these pipes and deliver it at an. other, very much as water is conveyed, In addition to ease and rapidity of handling it is claimed ths: the grain is benefited by the current of alr which naturally passes through it during this pumping process.—New York Ledger. In Illinois during the past year 118 coal mines were abandoned asd 79 mines opened. Artificial limbs are usually made of willow on account of Wa Mghiness.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers