a, FARM AND GARDEN NOTES I—— TOPICS, Strawberry Beds Etc, Ete. STURE. near THE QUALITY OF PA All the grass roots which root the surface make the best early ture, for these only get much warmth in the early spring months. June grass in the order named. Clover is very poor, innutritious feed until it begins to blossom. Then it very rapidly in- creases in value, but should be cut soiling rather than pastured, as stock will trample down clover in blossom and waste more than they eat AMONG CORN. an original Indian dish, and to the Indians we probably owe the practice of growing corn and beans interspersed in the same fleid Usually when the early planted corn fails a hill of beans is placed in the vacancy where the corn should have been. Still anothe of growing beans among corn is to walt until near July, and then plant hills. beiween between every hill of corn, and ther after cultivate only in the that are free from the beans. On good land a considerable crop of beans may be grown and without interfering with the corn We have tried when we were living in a city, all our gardening had to be done on a city lot, and it was necessary to make the land as much as it could be made to do.——~Boston Cultivator. BEANS Succotash was way oe rows orop. this plan prod iuce POTATOES UNDER STRAW, Some years ago letter in a farm paper great advantages from puttin on a clover sod, and taus planted so heavily witl no growth of either grass, weeds was possible extraordinary crop with no plowing, cultivation, and only needing to the straw away after the had died down, and find clean potatoes lying wh been. We doubt much whe iginal story was a true th a small scale it might have been true if the season was wet enough Any one who stops to think how much straw it must take to square feet of surface deeply enough 80 that grass and weeds cannot through it, wil the believing that a One Acre, was ever grown What would be the would only cultivation. pota Believing supposing PLANTIN IG one wrote some yor 1 iv % ciaiming cover DoOtate poia 3 crop of a tha i Lia * the or- though on one cover grow 800 s aven way potato in this advantage? It lowing On the plowed a« save p and a lit re, would be that tha Loans eh plants bear the mulch fo in early between destroy do great extent, and will also form bed on which the strawberries borne withou certainly y 1 vator straw early spring just before ready to blossom T much soil disturbance not be compacted again, a he will be mixed with d dirt. Yet if the strawberry bed is rich as it ought to be, what weeds start among the plants will attain large size and in jure the 2rop. The best way move the weeds by hand, pull out. If the hoe is used pl the straw over that the fruit may weeds great and if pot killed in spring will only greatly lessen the crop, but it hard year's use, fact that r the prin rh th 18 OWS. relied weeds It will this g soiled inning t gettin objection t« between fruit ace dug goiled the place not be are robbers of moist not make FIVE-MINUTE CHURNS be a need for calli minute churn, or, five-minute churn. If farmers were properly educated on the subject of churning there would be no demand for a churn to bring but- ter in less than from twenty to forty minutes, For twenty-five years pro- gressive and up-to-date dairymen have known this to be true, and have gov- erned themselves accordingly in select- ing and using a churn. Editors of agricultural papers should know it if they do not know it, and therefore they should not admit to their columns ad- vertisements of churns for which the principal claims made are that butter can be churned in them from two to five minutes. All such churns are con- structed with Internal devices, such as paddles, shafts and floats, all of which have a tendency to break the grain of the butter, while the churn of to- day that is indorsed by those who have a practical knowledge of outter making has no inside fixtures.—F. W. Mosely, in The Massachusetts Ploughman, in some cases, THE APPLE BORER. When we came to this mountain country scme twenty-six years ago it no fruits of any kind. we set out was apple trees, and nine- We cursed the nurserymen high and low for sending us oid, worthless, dis- What few trees lived soon showed ua that we were in a superior apple belt; then we Legan to investi- gate and found the borer was the of cur trouble, We used all hes, oils, tars, and to very but after long experience moth's egg that hatches to be laid where it will get the extren @ heat of the sun. The moth lays {ts eggs at the base of the tree on the south side 2 half inch low the surface, the only place the eggs get the proper heat, unless on the up- per side of a bent limb in the top of the where there {8 a check that gots the direct rays of the sun, Every now set out we wrap with a an old newspaper from three below the ground to a foot The first vear is the season the in the tree The we find the he tree, tree we part of inches above, borer gets tree 1s thrives in does if the out A bout tree good thrift not get in on account of the al of sap. So you will notice it the first two years that the tree wrapping What to the butt sunny side If a omes out on the leave jt t the third year, i= the borer dies or undance is only needs really is needed of the little is shade the iree on sprig or sunny side near the shade A ple if of a +h ‘ ground, here to ground for a year or two a board, shingle or the ha rel stave get on the ground on ny side of the body ficient if it will remain wrapped before When \ il h one careful 16 of be the of spring amine ead ir in; 1 Julian + borer already 11 Horace F. Wilcox HORNLESS At parts is und the birth ation The horn t as do er animals and nails is a tissue hoofs and There t the base of the from Batantiy parts | whicl being formed ie the matrix, new wre ce sing pushed on the perios eum from which part of the h atrix ving extent points and in little trouble in CAR called, experiments we have made tic potash. Caustic potash, so iz a pure form of the same which constitutes the potash ang for aking and purposes, It in the fo yf white in diameter it the size of nrdinary lead pencil dicate, it is a caustic, rap- idly destroying the skin and other tis- f kept in contact with them in this property lies its value as a preven titive of the growth of horns When properly applfed it the matrix or growin horny tissue and osteum from whi substance solid in soap cleaning i% atl KS, an in- name vowerful sues destrovs the ETOWS The hair should AWAY the young horn as thoroughly as sible, #80 that the potash may come in intimate contact w'th the parts to be treated. The only secretion should be removed from the parts to be touched with the potash by wiping carefully with a rag or sponge moistened with soap suds, or water containing a little ammonia. Parta not to be touched should not be moistened. The stick of potash is rolled up in a plece of paper so as to leave one end The exposed end is dipped in water to moisten it and then rubbed on the button or embryo horn until the skin begins to start, care being taken that the whole of the button and the border or matrix is included in the treatment. In young calves a few days old a surface half an inch or a little more in diameter will cover these parts. Caustie potash, or caustic soda, which answers as well, can be obtained at almost any drug store. When not in use it should be kept in a closely stoppered vial, one with a rubber stop- per preferred, or it will liquefy. After the calf is two or three days old the sooner the potash is applied the better. New Hampshire Agricul- tural Experiment Stauon Bulletin. be cut » from poa- A Distinguished Cattle Thief. His bonor, Judge John Wyeklift, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Cherokee Nation, is languishing in jail at Vinita, I. T., on the charge of cattle stealing, Justice Wyekliff ia a full-blooded Cherokee. BREAD OF NATIONS. Tow-vba.ciuiooT lic Is Made Among the Various Peoples. It is a curious and interesting study to compare the various materials which serve the different nations of the world as the basis of their bread. In this country, where good bread, made from gpring and fall wheat flour, reach of all, rarely a thought is glven to the fact that, after all, the inhabi tants of only a small portion of the earth's surface enjoy such a food. In the remoter part of Sweden the poor make and bake their bread twice a year, and store the loaves away, hat eventually they are as hard bricks Further north still bread made from barley and oats In Lap- land oats, with the inner bark of the pine, are used. The two together, well ground and mixed, are made into large flat cakes, cooked in a pan over a fire, In dreary Kamchatka pine birch bark by itself, weil macerated, pound- ed and baked, Irequently constitutes the whole of the native bread food. The Icelander scrapes the “Iceland moss” off the rocks and grinds it fine flour, which serves both for bread and puddings. In parts China 1 other eastern countri fairly palatable buckwheat In nuts are rye 80 as is or into some of Siberia an bread is made Italy mea parts of cooked, ground into maki: the used for ty of countries of Minor mill Asia bread ig the i of a 76 mason this in of twenty the ¥ he ¥ hr wiween oe three and of an amount to a minimum in¢ On compa twenty the dot twonts office sum represent ome of 2 tiscn of thes: « those regul ating the years must ing the ht 1 Hio8 yearis onditions with game cuestion in h \ Othe may European armies, it ’ Hung: that in the Austrian army the number of offi cont t marri fixed proportion grade, and these all further marriages must pending the occurrence of vacant the married establishments. The an army regulations, come of the fiancee a minimum of from 1.200 to 2.000 lire, would appea: rational in their operation tiaian oflicers, however, apply a what liberal interpretation to this law, with the result that the number of marriages occurring under actual pro. visions does not exceed more than one eighth of the total number, seven. eighths of the officers being united un- der the conditions of the religious ceremony only, and thus exposing themselves to all the inconveniences which attend a marriage not recogniz- ed by civil Jaw. Similar disabilities would now appear to be incurred by Russian officers, and suggestions have been made by the press in Russia that a general revision of the law is becom. ing necessary. The question is assum. ing some importance from the fact that ed to age assigned each ing hed, be deferred totals be real ies in Itali the in- whi fix n at to be more BONE About two months ago Mr. Babeock's skin began to harden and to all ap- pearances it was turning to bone, At his death his body was hard and did not seem to have had a drop of blogd in it.~Chicago Chronicle, The Oldest American Fort, like, where the if into the north branches, is old Fort Au- veteran fighting stronghold States Placed beside a modern fort it would look, in size, like a dog along of an elephant, It is now the property of Mr. and Mrs. Isaac Gross, of Sunbury, Pa., and is located in a field about 165 feet irom the river bank. It was Col. Gordon, as a the French and was named after I3l. In Standing, sentinel Susquehanna splits its south gusta, the of the United and euide 1755, after protect built in plans by against Indians, and her of George closely ri ion hostiie the mot sembles a curious mound of ith an opening and one-half feet four-nch stone On descending, inside is found t and eight feet from apex of the arched « and shape, it bake oven, and its inter and interesting A earth marks the in the ground wide Twelve lead below 101 is small spot Ww two sleeps the ground 10x12 feet, the arch yiiaet Bpace is brick COMIMen: purposely made in the wall, ve feet above the ground Ti ‘K# are gaid to be of ae ' ical ngest and tions prov rindow to WIV 6S the gehaft : gear shaft to car power through a wheel in. side the a new method hnics, con i tube shape close A German 3 ft to ombustibles the tubing boat or A connect] ng pipe on a Carviag as an Art. definite PP pleasure and make carving =a (8 Neither i sistent practice iusiration nor in distinguished Mono- much assist As of ance learning this art anthority on « AE y the subject arvi says in his graph on ilu prove hopeful ruse the resem of cannot bey acti al thing before blance to pictures, what may be inside By right of prece faint hints bears with no dence the carvers chair belongs to the head of the house, sither father or mother, but weariness, preoccupation or more often a parent's pleasure in contemplating the increas- ing deftness of a clever son or daughter tributing a joint, fowl or fish, leads the ber of nearly 40,000, represent one of ~-HBrooklyn Citizen, Six Months Without Food. Gallen, Mich., is dead, after which probably breaks all records. He had not tasted food since October last, Mr. Babcock was in a runaway acci- dent a year ago and received injuries which affected his head. In October which the doctors cannot explain he could not eat a mouthful of food. Every effort was made to give him nourish- ment, but ia vain, and finally the medi. cal men gave up his case as hopeless and left him to die. He continued to live, however, week after week, ithout food, until death came after he had gone 180 days without a morsel of food baving passed his lips. when guests are not present. Carving at the table, it is said, is now considered not only a useful art, but a social accomplishment as well A of {ita process should be a part of the education of all Children shonld kaow how {o carve by the time they are 15 years old In France a boy is required to take his turn in cutting and serving meals at table az soom as he is strong enough to handle the knife and tall enough to readily reach the joint or fowl. Some times he atands upon a broad stool made for the purpose, and he is proud je successful and ashamed when found imperfect. Coutrasted. The Spanish peasant works every day and dances baif the night, and yet eats only his black bread, onion and watermelon. The Smyrma porter eals only a littie fruit and some olives. yet he carries with ease his load of 200 pounds, PHILADELPHIA'S DETENSES A Vessel Attacking the Quaker City Would Have a Hard Time of It. Should an attempt be made to reach this city, a battie ship would first have | the dangers of the irregular channel | to brave Sucessfully accomplishing the passage up the river, floating tor- vedoes and electric mines would be encountered probably as far as 20 miles below Fort Delaware, Escaping these, she would be greeted by a raking firc from two mortar batteries, each containing eight guns. The batteries are hidden in deep pits a few miles be- low Delaware City Still continuing to advance, would met when twelve miles below Fort Delaware by a fire from the five-inch guns located at Fort Mott The the larger guns of both fort and Delaware, would open and further certainly At a di would in inch guns At half that, the ships could not be used on a thi reds she be e falling, Mott IrORS prog would ted be 1 arre of miles the range of th that istance tance ten VORsals [ye ps three ten- even Dig count of limitations of elevation ia the tu in order to pe uch a range, At a distance a 1,000-pound projectile at Fort Mott of armor four guns at miles ¥ Gf seven from one J-inch guns would plere ches the vesss Jach of n ir 1 1 on Fort As a behind ing carrie advan loads H 1 YY range "s Queer Lily the 1 l ind off ter will t be planted in July and August a great nmbrelia-like iage. In Sep- this O ill wither the nter away and drop the 1s aen earth, and will show spread of fo tember and r 4 tha % bulb will X y sleep for the wi Philadelphia Record Found sa Owl in the Cook Stove, one of Hacheney is who City Treasurer those old-fashioned men first in the morning make some coffee of himslf and the out Monday gel fires, 1t up ana ment bern il uusq the Lhe other for refresh evening h« stove Y emtey the stove ng snapping a8 bed. he opened to the kindli by a vicious of some hideous, so with huge eyes and him to jump half chen On recovering his equanimity, he made an investigation and found that a gray owl had found ita way down the chimney through the stove- pipe and draught into the stove. Mr. | Hacheney could hardly believe his | senses, and at first imagined that some | one had been playing a belaled April fool trick on him, but the disclaimers | of all the family and the fact that the | owl was libera..¥y covered with soot and ashes convinced him that the bird had come down the chimney Morning Oregonian, A Peart of Great Price. Five hundred and ffty thousand dol. | lars was the price paid for the great | Tavernier pearl It owned at Catifa, in Arabia, and M. | Tavernier made the trip from Paris to the desert city of Arabia for the ex- press purpose of purchasing the pearl about which so much had been said and written. He went prepared to pay any | price, from £5000 to 5H000GD. It was thought that he might succeed in clos- ing the bargain for about $125.000, but this proved to be a great mistake. The sum first offered was £0,000, but the deal remained open for some days sven after that offer had been increased is £375,000, Yinally the bargain was closed for SOOO O00. Pearl counoisseurs declare hut ty-looking gol sblin. caused Acro the kit- cary Ars, way ER that it is not only the largest os on the moat parfect gem of its belong exactly two and of spotless oval, { Among the crown jewels of there 18 a pearl over an inch lo which cost the ment not less than £500,000, Has Forty Livigg Children. A short ride from Moosup, | is known as the Sparks District, n part of Kilingly, live le Bradshaw, whose record for popati the earth is such that he desetes become famous Bradshaw emyatd from Canada, and has lived in tit v cinity about thirteen years, He | now in his seventy-first year He ha been married three and he | the father forty children, fdy of living He he children, tir His second bore him idren, hom resent pra eastern times, of one whom are had pix twins By his first including a wife half of wife h eleven children four twenty wore twins sented hin Bradsh wag not fourteen rea married the firslimd now forty-for 4 when he was an ren and grandcehiren Old man 8 so! and albay ndetirer 11 ratep tr Smart PeCie Nature's Preservation of yet ther for the assertion that al ever refurns alive grounds in the bh the young zation and marine life makes of the fish—is pared with the welfare unborn W. K. Brooks Popular Science Monthly. worth nothi of lordly tons’ By Measured Candle. | How many people have seen or pard of a sale by measured candie, ode a popular mode of auction in Engnd, “Pepys His Diy? Apparently you may satisfy yourari- osity on the point by a visit t Al dermaston in Berkshire. “The vag #rs assembie in the schoolroom othe occasion of the letting of the ‘Clirch Acre a piece of meadow land ich the vicar and church wardens cthe | parish for the expenses of the circh | The custom is ag follows: A adle is lighted and one inch below the ime sg duly measured off, at which pét a pin is inserted. The bidding thenbm- mences, and continues until thench of candle is consumed and thpin drops out. Every thres years thas. Carious Sigabeards. In Sweden the railway stations ere meals are served are known by thoie- ture of a crossed knife and forop- posite the name of the station, The oldest university in the mia is Bl Aybar at Cairo. 1. is the great Mohammedan university, haviogear rscords dating 971
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers