OVER LAND AND SEA. PORTATION FACILITIES, Wonderful Features of the Transpor- | tation Bullding at the Columbian Exposition — Anclent and Modern Methods of Travel Contrasted. Apollo's fiery horses snuffed the liquid gold of morning when he drove his | golden chariot. Venus had teams of | sparrows, swaiis, peacocks, dolphins and | doves. Pegasus was but a winged horse | and had he gone as near the sun as Icarus | did, perhaps his wings would have melted off. Thus only in imagination did the | ancients see distance obliterated. They | never dared to dream of the marvels the | Transportation Building contains. Apol- | los horses would be tame affairs compared with the puffing steel-breasted monster, No. 999. of the New York Central, whose i record is a mile in 32 seconds -—ua speed | equivalent to 1124 miles in an hour. Think of Neptune's chariot beside one | of the modern Atlantic greyhounds. The | Transportation Building is not re-| markable for its architectural | beauty. Designed on a basis of utility, | classic mould was not given a considera- tion in its shape. Ornamentation came to the rescue and saved the building from the reproach of being a mere shed. [an truth, the ornamentation seems to have been an afterthought. The golden door | is certainly magnificent —five concentric and receding arches ornamented with | bas reliefs of modified acanthus leaves in gold and silver. The story of the de- velopment of the means of transporta- Lion is told in bas reliefs on the base of these arches, These reliefs are certainly very beautiful. Beginning at the left with old age carried in a rude palanquin of the long, long ago, the story finishes with the interior of a modern dining car. At frequent intervals along the front of the Transportation Building allegorical groups of statuary stand on pedestals about 6 fect high. Each group is dupii cated. one being morth of the Golden Door, the other south. The building is painted fn a terra cotta tint and between the windows there is a fresco. In each instance this fresco is a white and gold angel in a style suggestive of Egyptian Art. He holds a straight ribbon in his hands, the arms hanging full length at his side. This ribbon bears the name of some noted man who has secured fame in the world of travel. At the north and south ends of the building are statues of those whose inventions have marked a period in transportation. The glory of the display within is certainly nadeniable. [It appears to me, however, that one point has been omitted. The efforts made to secure aerial navigation have no representation. Yet since the days of Joseph Michael Mountgolfier many an ambitious inventor has turned his mind to securing some means by which he could speed through the air But transporistion by land and by sea however, are laid before the visitor In chronological order. Everything from the crudest palanquin tos modern palace car, from a Mexican burro to a Columbia cycle, from an aboriginal bark canoe models of the stateliest ocean steamers baby carriages, magnificent conches, beautiful sleighs, Chinese craft, by darka of the Aleutian Islands, Spanish Volante and thousands of other queer vehicles and vessels, with names just as queer, used in every land and on every water known to man Jut let us study the progress in road-making. A magnificent display which takes up the entire divi gion of the annex is made by the Museum of Osnabruck. There are 67 separate parts to this exhibit. The first part is a relic of the early Christian era. tis a} art of the original plank-way laid by ! Bomitius ns a Roman military road over the fen of Deveomoor, near Osnabruck. The road was ten and a half miles long. The planks are about [2 feet by 9 inches, and overlap each other in the same fash. jon as the clapboards on an ordinary cot. tage are fixed to-day. A hole about two inches square is chiseled at about six inches from each end of each plank Through each hole a dog-headed stake is driven, The stake is about three feet long. Thus each board was strongly fixed in position. For ages that old road was there, Kindly Nature packed it away in some six feet of moss from whence it was excavated in 1892 From Exhibit No. 1 to Exhibit No, 2 there is a lapse of 16 centuries. te A wood- en tramway and car in which not the smallest piece of iron has been used constitutes No. 2. The railsof the road are about 18 inches apart, are fastened to the grounds by means of pegs and seem | to be the bodies of small trees or branches | of large trees. The wheels of the car | are large spools with concave surface so | that they hold to the rail The ear itself is a rather small} affair shaped like a bin aod about | the size of a barrel, This Kind of vehi- | cle and road is still to be seen in parts of Hungary. No. 8 is the first approach | to a modern iron road. It was con- | structed in 1776 by B. J. Curr. Each rail is but three foet long, the slecpers | are rough stones about a foot square | and iron nails are used at the joints. The rails are angle shaped. A wagon of | heavy iron wheels was drawn along this rosd by means of animal power, The first locomotive experiment was made over this road in 1804 by Richard Trevithick at Merthyr Tydvil, | now Aberdesn Junction. From this there is a steady and rapid impi*® ement in every connected with railroad build. ing. These points are four: the ruil, the sleeper, the fastener and the joint, In the 67 displays no two of the roads are exactly alike in all of the points had been searched and wher. ever an idea of steam locomotion on land found expression in words that ides has heen given material shape. Thus there are t fifty engines or models of engines displayed. The first of these bears as much resemblance to the loco- motive turned out of the shops to-day as the chrysalis does to the butterfly. Hero, a Greek mathematician, who flourished in the 3d century before Christ, had an idea of using steam as a motive power. roid of th sueton of seme Tht emeaping " ores r : Isaac Newton to give expression to the * possibilities of using it in locomotion, The first model shown in the Baltimore & Ohio exhibit is a carriage to be moved by steam power applied in this manner. A large, ungainly oop- per vessel, resembling one of those low, is set betwaen four high and broad tired carriage wheels, From the rear of this ungainly affair projects & trumpet-looking nozzle, Steam was to have been gener ated in the copper vessel and through the nozzle it was to have escaped. Reacting on the boiler, it was expectad to have drivenit forward. Of course the concern was never built. In all probability the the first and only one wherein Sir Isaac's idea was ever given material shape. Newton lived, be it remembered, from 1642 to 1727. yet it was not until 1768 that the first self moving land carrisge was made. From that time the develop: the beginning it ‘was thought necessary to have a cog-wheel and rack in order to track made for it. Richard Trevithick, in 1803, succeeded in building an engine four hours and tive minutes! miles in distance in four minutes and forty-eight seconds. The sisted of cars more or train nothing first of con exhibit of the New York Central is a les- sion to the Fair travel on the European milroads as dis our own, will make an American feel proud of the social standing his right of citizenship gives him. very interesting relics to be found in the baildine. Among these 1 should men. tion the tools used by that stanch old Catholic, Charles Carrol, of Carrolton, on July 4th, 1828, when laying the cor ner stone of the Baltimore & Ohio R. RR, It first railroad company or ganized in the United States, the date of organization being April 24th, 1827, A carriage, once the property of Daniel Webster, is to be seen in the north end of the Transportation Building. Beside it stands Preside Ik's carriage. 1 tle 4 ia 14 ubtealy a bean 4 There are some was the not differing so very much the lighter structures to-d as, the rude hand of time has smit ten its beauty like a fell disease and looks pretty much like the “wonder! s¢ shay” must have appeared ust before it went to pieces Its is tattered, torn sad faded. The glass is from It Ike a mument to wither with its sileat re. sch the fleeting of iv. ie Ih i Gne-hor the sides, stands pomp and show an i world Near iis is to be seen a wagon i oddity card th te $s * Fry ¥ that The ive CAL ie AH ittle fiom sive. its shape is attra legend. It formerly be mood to a descendant of Miles Standi Ih certain Nancy Standish-Wel les. It is known to be 123 years old and if Mrs Welles were about t attached bears its i sh & Was a » say whence she obtained it, it might possibly reach back to the days of Miles himself. The coach in which Dom Pedio rode is shown in the Beazilian exhibit. itis a very gaudy affair Near it is to be seen yhaot saddle from of the value state I have this beautiful work. It is of ivory most delicately earved, is about four high, and about us long. —{ New York jet 20 © Nisam no ides of § Hees Of feet ‘ab HANGED HIS OWN FATHER. hhemarkable Scene on a Gallows in Washington, strange meeting of father and sO the occasion of the haagiog of old Bill Stebbins for the murder of his second wife at Spokane. The murder was atrocious, the people said, and there were few glances of sympathy for the doomed man among the morbidly curious twas o on jail yard The Sherifl’s deputies had attended to the details. The trap was set ready to be sprung and in an instant send a man into the great beyoad. The noose had been made carefully of the best hemp rope, greased with tallow for that occa. sion, . The procession had moved up the steps to the platform. . With business-like dignity the Sheriff, who had been notified, stepped from his office, crossed the courtyard and mounted the scaffold with the death warrant in his hand. He read the document ina sherifl's sale. *“And now, sir,” he said, turning to the condemned man, *‘ you are at lib. erty to speak if there is anything on your after his sentence, through the last night of life, and while viewing seriously from his cell the rays of the last sunrise Le would ever see on earth, the victim of Emo- He bad taken his fate philosopicaily from the first, making no defence, say- given him an opportunity before passing Few noticed it, but it seemed “Won't you shake hands, my boy, be The Sheriff did not hear him, or if he did no one could have told it. He was still the business like executive officer of the county in which he lived; nothing more, “I know I didn’t treat you right,” the oondemued man continued, showing a trace of excitement, "nor did your moth. er either, but a word of comfoit to a man that's going to die isn't much, Won't you say somatbingP Twenty years of battling with the world on his cwn hook had hardesed the Sheriff's heart, Silently he motioned the assistant to buckle the straps, adjust the cap sad fix the noose. : Then with steady band and unwav. ing countenance he pressed the button and sent his father into eternity, —|8po. kane (Wash.) Review, To clean bottles cut a raw potato in small picces, which into the bottle with a tablespopmfal of water. Shake well together until every mark is NOTES AND COMMENTS, W——n Tae typical plant of the new world is maize, or Indian corn, declares the Chi cago Herald. The early adventurers and settlers both in North and South Amer ica found in it a delicious fool, easily cultivated, apparently indifferent to soil or climate, yielding in abundance twice that of any other grain, with much less labor, and susceptible ol preparation for the table in many forms. The white settlers found it the food of the Indians apd made it their own, and for four centuries it has been the best known, ns it is the cheapest and most nutritious, of the food supplies in the western hem- isphere. And yet, alter these centuries of knowledge, it has not obtained great favor in Europe. The potato, another plant indigenous to America, ‘early be- came a popular European food, common to the tables of the rich and poor, and the chief support of the poor in Ireland, Our most than convincing animals, though Colonel hopes for good results from his efforts of the past few years, We who are fami. liar from childhood with roasting ears x ' of dishes that can be made out corn, wonder at the supineness, or rather obstinacy, with which people abroad it. The poorer people stick by their heavy and black bread, wiitie thev think only fit The American abori the best giftof t their and legends of a grain Zines re it As he Great and folk lore abounds RLOTIes Longfel + oof iow this “new gift of the One of the orid’s Fair will un this golden grain : “Hiawatha the legs nds of ad it of the W and prove it of the best of foods Cavnnipo UNives about agri 1 examinalion nhvsiol down in all the arts « LIAR marked suc not vi v. the German with orappointmentis in ! 48 5 « th iplete the ff Knows uh the british fa interesting to observe gress of ocd s and Californias which boast of ils gathered from half the world, A of th grad ates of one of these in stitutions, published in a San Francisco paper, contains names iy from tha : » and adincent territories, but rom Mexico, Gi Salvador, Tahiti, Honoluly, Japan and Australia. The influence which such a collection of students must exert among their own people on their return to their homes must be wholly American in sen timent, democratic in politics and liberal in teschings ceived must enlighten and revolutionize the dead old world of the Pacific. Tue inconvenience created in Italy by the scarcity of silver ise alleviated by a measure just taken by Signor Grimaldi, the Finance Minister. He has decided upon the nickel *‘picces” or coins of 20 centimes, or 4 ceats, similar to those ia Belgium and Switzerland, the clause reiative to the not ot also Chili, religion, he thus re CONN, will coining of use in international. to the Latin Monetary League has been Thanks to this, the expor- ble; and it is expected that the scarcity of silver money, which has caused lately loss to Italian commerce, will A ruvsicias has written an article to He says: “The numbers of so-called dyspepsia that are cured by the disap. pearance of business, domestic or social sunoyance are pearly unlimited. An overdue note in the possession of a beetle-nosed and beetle-eyed creditor is In meal of second-hand carpet tacks that in dyspepsia we bad better look in the garret, closet or cellar of the dyspep- tic's house or among his business or relations, rather than to his stomach, for the solution of the diffi Tur election of Miss Ella M. Grubb interest there, for next to Conk county, the head city of which is Chicago, Adams is the most populous county in the State, and this is the first time in its history that a wontun has been elected to office. Miss Grubb is only twenty-eight years old. As an instance of her pluck and high character it may be said that she has already paid back from her earnings as a teacher the money she was compelled to borrow to secure a college education, Cane fry were liberally distributed to the waters of the lower Delaware and its Lranches several years ago, and the results of the distribution are now seen from time to time. A 17-pound German was killed the other day when workmen were blowing out the piles of an old bridge across the Appoquinimink, a tidewater tributary of the Delaware gmptyiog into the river twenty miles below Wilmington. A Hu haaled the aid of other boys of Armstrong's creek, a small strean emptying into the Delaware near New Castle, Annaxcemests are Deing made for holding an exposition at Lyons, France, next year, The fair is to be opened on April 26, 1894. The principal building 15 to be wolygonal in shape, with a lofty central dome which will rise to a height upon the interior of 180 feet, It rises in a graceful curve, the structure being strengthened by means of airy lateral supports, The building will be 760 feet in diameter, and will cover a space of nearly 500,000 square feet. The total weight of the entire structure will be only about 2,480 tons, Accorping to the Government statis- tics, Canadas imported from the British [sles no than 8%6,000 immigrants (sR the recent Canadian census shows only 36,159 are left in that country. The United States census gives much infor. mation us to what has become of them. Li-Huxo-Cuaxoc has intimated, sc cording to a Daily News Shanghai corre spondent, that a new treaty between China and the United States will be immigration Minister the Chinese that and the new Mye. Tri Sexo, a Japanese lawyer, is said to be of the Mikado, She She takes was educated in this country. great interest in the for women. JOURNALISM fhe First Printed Newspaper Oldest in the States, Newspaper United The first printed newspaper, sccordi i i she fol zotte. pub rzoite, publ , and the oldest pa- Zeitung sus His jem, printed in the same noAsuIng printed DEWSPRDErs ray France, in 1081; Sweden, in 1644; land, ir Russia, in 1703; Tar y, in 1827. ‘The first American paj “e page % 3 t owing ourder sud, In $430 ihow 4 Wo Coil BR page, and was | ment, 23, 168850, un name of Publick Occurrences, Both reign and Domestic, but it was i t In 1704 the Bost peared, printed on on “CAP It se Hews Weekly t Worece shisha flourished paper idest aper in the Massachu Mass at Boston Thomas, the it was where it sler Isaiah rican pr orcester in 1775, has been The total numer lished in the i $5 AMM dist ted issued continuously ever since uawsHAPeTs Pub resent is estimated st about as follows i nited Great Britain, Japan, 2,000; Italy, | Austria-Hun gary, 1,200; Asia, ex jsive 1.000) wi § States, 17.000: Germany, 5.0500; 61K) France, 4.002: $06) of Japan, Russia, 800; Aus Hin Switzerinnd, Ak all T040 Lsreeow 450: Holland, others, 1,000 tralia, Belgium, thew rid half are Re whole number published in the was i6.. 4 81 ab Enelish nglish feria printed in hil d States in i887 The number of printed duricg the year was 2,49 i The first printing office in the United States 1639, ti vif whole Copies : 1.954 000 was established % proais | + G8 first CB 1 ily paper in 1784, the 833 and the firs IeWspaper in 1783, the firs first penay paper in | illustrated paper in 1855 The First Real Bean, The first beau appears along about when we are touching fourteen or six. teen. There have been, of course, to a writer the genuine gallant does not all girls will noderstand., He is usually the brother we are enabled to see him more often house, He is exceedingly bashful before people, but can talk a blue streak when He squanders his allow. ances on ice cream, soda and caramels, occasions invites us to a church sociable or convert, He is always one of the group of youths who wait outside the church or Sunday school door, and he is the one i i i i { i § such occasions, We are teased unmercifully about hia and really enjoy it, though pretending to be tearfully indignant and provoked about it. This sort of thing goes on until some- way of doing, aud either he goes to col: lege or we leave for boarding school, or perhaps a quarrel or change of residence oeCurs, At any rate, years perhaps will roll away before we see a bearded man who can bear the slightest resemblance to the young, rosy-cheeked boy. «| Elmira Tele- RELIABLE RECIPES, Bovtox. «-8ix pounds of beef and bone. Cut up the meat sod break the boues; add two quarts of cold water; jet it simmer slowly for five hours Strain it through a fine sieve, Zemoving every particle of fat. Sesson only wi salt and pepper. AspARAGUS, — As is often served as a separate course, cold, as a salad, with a French dressing ¥ equally be so served hot, w dary cream sauce or the following, which is better: Melt two ounows of butter in saucepan and sift into it a level table- spoonful of flour, stirring all the time; a gill of cold milk, salt and : when is smooth and thick SARA RASA CONGRESSIONAL REPORTERS, Typewriters During Congress, Among many things left out, which are paid for out of the contingent funds, is the item of salaries for the official re porters, These are ths men who write out the reports of proceedings and de- bates which make up the daily publien. tions called the Congressional Record. There are five of them on the floor of the House, who sit at a table in front of the Speaker's desk. It is their duty to report every word that is said from the opening to the adjournment. Being all of them rapid stenographers, they man age by taking turns. As quickly as No 1 has «got 1,000 words put down, he holds up his thumb and No. 2 takes up the thread, very likely in the middle of a speech, while No goes down toa sther, While the two shorthand writers are copying off their notes quickly in type script, Reporter No. goes back to his in front of the Speaker's desk. Meanwhile No. 2 has finished his 1,000 words and held up his thumb to No, 3, who in turn takes up the thread, while No. 2 goes down stairs and dictates— holds up his and the business goes This arrangement » have the complete type until No. 5 on as before, renders ready for the printer a few minutes alter that body adjourns. It is the same way in the Senate. Thus each Congressman finds on his breakfast table next morn ing a copy of the f said and done in the National Legisia ture on the day before stenographers get $5,000 a year each, wo are ten of them, and 80 it costs gressional J ing their own as of this the stenographers pay- sistants, interesting asily €X pense of near] £150,000 During the las al year it anousily up 325.000 po ised u 1533 pounds of ir nlation on i» leaf Five bar : On in the shupe of paste for binding iast Con f bills 03% wen nt reso was $71, sessions 10,847 such Ho nave te During the iocuments were pre and 4,006 to Le two sented the the Bi in reprinted at all to Lhe tO stages of their progress, Meniale printed and may have tod times bel #0 that a sing int Ore COMER 8 18W, w Ww ent Boston Transcript Five & | Sin A Telescope Worth Having. e of sus farmers in Wash James M. Neal prising snd prospe mnzton Counts ¥ Ere dersvilie » the most enter arent that the expecting bad cone, immediate tna t Mr. Neal went to the i ived the telescope, snd in company with his friend, Col Fleming, climbed to the top of the hall, the highest building in the city, try the power of the lenses on rounding countrs They viewed landscape and took a bird's-eye Tannille, Davisboro and War then, and points of interest within the range of the instrument When Mr. Neal it a focus on his plantation, which miles north of sandersville, he remarked to his friend, that he was satistied ¥ One; the sur the o'er view of ail the ew “ ie Ree ik ve stock abundance He observed a great commotion ive in of rattlesnake was the cause of the commo He quickly handed the telescope to Colonel Fleming, descended the iron steps, mounted his horse and in a short while reached his place, where he found effects of the serpent’s bite, He searched diligently for the serpent Bein plant. Mr. Neal rushed to his house, tler was and emptied both barrels into his body. Mr. Neal came to town that afternoon, pumbered fourteen and one button. He says ‘‘there is not enough money in the United States to buy his telescope.” {Atlanta Constitution. Three Kinds of Lightaing. The Etruscans of o'd believed in three kinds of lightaing—one incapable of doing any injury, another more mischiev- ous in its character and consequently only to be issued with the consent of » quorum of twelve gods, and a third, carrying mischief in its train sod for which a regular decree was required from the highest divinities in the castern skies. Curiously enou :h, modern scien. tists, following the lead taken by Arago, bave also decreed that the varieties of lightaing are threefold. The first com prebends that in which the discharge appears like a long, luminous line, bent inte angles snd zigzags and varying in complexion from white to blue, purple or red. This kind is kvown as forked lightning, beosuse it sometimes divides into two or more branches before reach- ing the earth. The second differs from the first in the raoge of surface over which the flash is diffused. From this circumstance the charge is designated sheet lightning. The third class differs from the more ordinary mani. meteorol have BORED BY BOULDERS. a Curiosities of the West Virginia Ale iegheny Mountains, On the erest of Panther Knob, the greatest elevation of the Allegheny ratge in West Virginia, there are great blocks of silicious sandstone seattered here and there, sometimes with intervals of miles between them. Bome of these masses of stone are larger than a small two-story house, These immense blocks are not an integral part of the mountains themselves, but the mystery of their presence is especially interesting in the case of two of the most tremendous cubes, Ou the top of each stone, near the centre, is 8 hollow of several feet in the form of a basin. In the centre of each of the basins is a hole, which has the appearance of having beed drill d om bored out by a drill 12 or 13 it diameter The hole penetrates the stone per pendicularly for several feet, and then begins to take the shape of the inner part of a cistern. The sides of the hollows are worn as smooth ss could have been done by the most expert marble or stone worker, and with symmetrical lines. The hollows are many feet in depth, and they contain, with one exception, nothing ex cept a small amount of dustor devris, drifted in, doubticss, by the wind, The exception is in the shape of a hard perfect sphere of stone, which appears 1o be a variety of granite. about 8 foot in diameter, CO Fife, an the Confederate army, now had visited the seenes taste for the the New York that but two entertained on One theory inches This stone § 2 often and a told nee of geology, the subject of those masses, great DIOCKS of the mounisins the swirl the x a Dora the stone had been cast by ujpou that in currents of water had Dee th the currents, snd rush of the boulders of granite on their ton, and that 2 Ol grest masses of 10 had caused a {ders in ms gr a Lhelr way i Lot As the 4 : ng CES ODDosition in HOW, Opi | 1 gradueily : they reach i 4 i 1 uni st eid fuga The second theory Cf ore OCs f of stone were deposited O ring tae cial neriod, th he boulder re forced : into the Lh Ue Ban and the tion round nea, and that theory ti eVa ley River, juestu gh ar an ug ina ne ii several te vi [TC bet Tel by the thee afm downward thr of th : 4 { vim ti CIOUs lormnmalion he Flavoring of Bread, hen has the un vir- Every baker now ax being tually spoiled by absorption « { so sgreeble odor. Thus flour Lime or oil or tracts a and is practically ruised RCE fatal fia W hy sh GeRvor to tur: tar con count and mpari F 3 resultant bread quite a nval to artic on welleto-do tables where at present the loaf is really ic running? The miller i blending for the from a millers but if the of im and so producing bre ad that would be distinctly pice and yet wholly free from aught that is mawkish or cloying. is evident that t present, this is a thing is still in the present doe ofter of pecuniary view, t master the art 1 Hour, it is as we are weil aware, is it self. and by testing his art ona small scale be might easily discover the way to greatly raise the value of bread made from flour that under ordinary condi the eye, but by no means tempting to any ome who does not happen to be hun. gry. —| British Baker and Confectioner. Growth of Willow Trees, Garden and Forest has received a pho- tograph of a willow tree standing in Waterbury Center, Vt, the trunk of which measures twenty-four and a half feet in circumference, and whose sym- metrical top shades an eighth of an acre of ground. A person who knows the early history of the willow testifies that in 1840 it waa tree about six inches in di- ameter, which had grown from a walking- stick driven into the ground a few years before by some children. In that year it was cut down deep into the ground in the hope of killing it, but it started a new growth, and has reached its present Ji mensions in fifty years. The rapid growth of the willow in favorable localities is well known, and Doctor Hosking (from whom the photograph was received) writes of another pear his home, which sprang from a cane carried by a return. ing soldier in 1866, and thrust jute the soil in bis dooryard. Itis now more than four feet in diameter with an immense top, and bids fair, at an equal age, to reach the dimensions of the ove spoken of. The Original Use of Butter. Butter, which is almost indisp » to the meal nowadays, was formerly used aiely 44 an ointment. H a Greek historian, is the first writer who mentions butter, B. C. 500. The Spar tans treated it very much the same as we do cold cream or vaseline, and Plutarch tells how a hostess was sickened at the t of one of ber visitors, a Spartan, Scythians introduced the article to Greeks, and the Germans showed Romans bow to make it. did vot use it for food. TH
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers