JOHNSTOWN A PROCLAMATION BY THE GO- VERNOR OF PENNSYLVANIA, CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE OF Losses 9000 ives AND 830,000,000 1x PROPERTY, HARRIEBURG, June 3.—The Gov- srnor to-night issued the following: COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYL- VvANIA, Executive Chamber, Harris. purg, Pa., June 3, 1880,—To the people of the United States: The Executive of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania has refrained hither to from making any appeal to the people for thelr benefactions in order that he might receive definite and reliable in- formation from the centres of disaster during the late floods, which have been unprecedented in the history of the State or nation. Communication by wire has been established with Johns- town to-day. The civil authorities are in control. the Adjutant General of the State co-operating with them. Order has been restored and is likely to con- tinue, Newspaper reports as to the loss of life and property have not been ex- aggerated. The valley of the Cone- maugh, which is peculiar, has been swept from one end to the other as with the besom of destruction. It con- ta ned a population of 40,000 to 50,000 people, living for the most part along the banks of a small river, confined within its narrow limits, The most conservatives estimates place the loss of life at 5000 human beings and of property at $25,000,000, Whole towns have been utterly de- stroyed, not a vestige remaining. In the more substantial towns the betler buildings, to a certain extent, remain, but in a damaged condition. Those who are least able to bear it have suf- fered the loss of evarything. The most pressing needs so far as food is con- cerned have been supplied, Shoes and clothing of all sorts for men, women and children are greatly needed. Money is also urgently required to remove the debris, bury the dead and care temporarily for widows and or- phans, and for the homeless generally. Other localities have suffered to somes extent in the same way, but not in the same degree. Late advices would seem to indicate that there Isa great loss of life and destruction of property along the west branch of the Susquehanna and in localities from which we can get no definite information. What does come, however, is of the most appalling char- acter, and it Is expected that the details will add new horrors to the sit- uation. The responses from within and without the State have been most generous and cheering. North and south, east and west, from the United States and from England there comes the same hearty, generous response of symyathy and help. The President, Governors of States, Mayors of cities, individuals and committees, private and municipal corporations seem to vie with each other in their expres. gions of sympathy and im their con- tributions of substantial aid, But gratifying as are these respon- ses, there is no danger of their exceed- ing the necessities of the situation. A careful organization has been made upon the ground for the distribution of whatever assistance is furnished in kind, The Adjutant General of the State is there as representative of the State authorities, and is giving per- sonal attention, in connection with the Chief Burgess of Johnstown and a committee of relief, to the distribution of the help which is furnished. Funds contributed in ald of the sufferers can be deposited with Drexel & Co., Phila~ delphia; Jacob C. Bomberger, banker, Harrisburg; or William R. Thompson & Co., bankers, Pittsburg. All money contributed will be used carefully and judiciously, Present wants are fairly met. A large foree will be employed at once to remove the debris and bury the dead, so as to avoid disease and epidemic. The people of the Commonwealth and others whose unselfish genercaity is hereby heartily appreciated and acknowledged may be assured that their coninbutions will be made to bring their benefactions in the imme. diate and direct relief of those for whose benefit they are intended, JAMES A, BEAVER. By the Governor: Charles W. Stone, Secretary of the Commonwealth. Jouxstows, Pa., June 3.—The de- velopment of every hour makes it more and more apparent that the exact num- ber of lives lost in the Johnstown hor- ror will never be known. All estimates that have been made up to this time are conservative, and, when all is known, will doubtless be found to have been too small. Over 1000 bodies have been found since sunrise to-day, and the most skeptical concede that the remains of thousands more rest beneath the debris above Johnstown bridge, The population of Johnstown, the surrounding suburbs and the portion of the valley affected by the flood is, or was 50,000 to 55,000. Associated Press representatives to-day interviewed numerous leading citizens of Johns- town who surviyed the flood, and the concensus of opinion was that fully 30 per cent, of the residents of Johns- town and Cambria had been vietims of the continued disasters of fire and water, If this be truethe total loss of life in ihe entire valley cannot be less than 7000 or B0OO, and possibly much greater, Of the thousands who were devoured by the flames, and whose ashes rest beneath the debris above Johnstown bridge, no definite informa tion can ever obtained, Aas little will be learned of the hundreds who ‘sank beneath the current and were borne switly down the Sonetisug ee ona: below on the banks the drift number of bodies that wera (0 be seen floating in the river in the brief hour. That this estimate can never be accurate is under- stood when It is remembered that, in many instances, whole families and thelr relatives were swept away and found a common grave beneath the wild waste of walters, The total destruction of the city leaves no data to even demonstrate that the names of these unfortunates ever found place on the pages of eternity’s history. **All indications point to the fact that the death hist will reach over 5000 names, and, in my opinion, the missing wiil reach 8000 in numbers,” declared General D, H, Hastings to-night. At present there are said to be 2200 recovered bodies. The great diflicul- ties experienced in getting a correct list 1s the great number of morgues, There is no ceutral bureau of informa- tion, and to communicate with the dead houses is the work of hours. The journey from the Pennsylvania Rall- road morgue to the one in the Fourth Wa:d school-house in Johnstown occu- pies at least one hour, This renders it Impossible to reach all of them in one day, particularly as some of the morgues are situated at pointe inacce:- sible from Johnstown, THE RESISTLESS FORCE FLOOD. OF THE Tho dam broke in the centra at J o'clock, Friday afternoon, and at 4 o'clock it was dry. The great body of water passed out in one hour. Messrs, Park and Van Buren, who are bulld- ing a new draining system at the lake, tried to avert the disaster by digging a sluice way on one side to ease the pressure on the dam. They had atout 40 men al work, and did all they could without avail. The water passed over the dam about a foot above its top, beginning at about half-past 2. Whatever happened in the way of a cloud-burst took place dur- ing the night. There had been but little rain up to dark. When the was rescued alive from the attic in he house yesterday afternoon. The house had floated from what was formerly Vine street to the foot of the mountains. Mrs, Fredericks says her experience was terrible, She sald hundreds of men, women and children floated down the torrent to meet thelr death, some praying, while others had become raving maniacs, Wm. Gaffney, an insurance agent at this place, had a very pitiful duty to perform this morning. On his iather’s and wife's side he lost 14 relatives, among them his wife and family. Tus morning he got a man to take his de- ceased relatives to the grave, and he had the mourniul duty of digging his wife's and children’s graves and bury- ing them, In speaking of the matler this morning he sald: *I never thought that I could perform such a sad duty, but I had to doit and I did it, No one has any idea of the feelings of a man who acts as undertaker, grave-digger and pall-bearer for his own family.” The saddest sight to be seen on the river bank this morning was the case of a Mr Gilmore, who has lost his wife and family of fivechildren. Ever since the calamity this old man has been seen on the river bank looking for his family. He insisted on the firemen playing a stream of water on the place where the house formerly stood and where he sup- posed the bodieslay. The firemen, rec- ognizing his feelings, played the siream on the place for several hours this morning, and at last the rescuers got to the place the old man said his house formerly stood. *I know the bodies are there, and you must find them.” On went the rescuers after this plea, When at last one of the men picked up a charred skull, evidently that of a child, this stirred the old man up and he exclaimed: “That is There lies my family; go on and get the rest of them.” The workmen continued and in a few minutes they came to the remains of the mother and three other children, The heads were completely burned off, workmen woke in the morning the | jake was very full and was rising at the rate of a foot an hour, It Kept | on rising until at 2 o'clock it first be- | gan breaking over the dam and under- | mining, Men were sent three or four times during the day to warn people of | their danger. When the final break came, at 3 o'clock, there was a sound like tremendous and continued peals of thunder, trees, rocks and earth were shot up into mid-alr | in great columns, and then | the wave started down the ra- vine A farmer who escaped said that the water did not come down like a wave, bat jumped on his house and beat it to fragments in an instant, He was safe on the hillside, but his wile and two children were killed, At the present time the lake looks like a cross between the crater of a volcano and a huge mud puddle, with stumps of trees and rocks scattered over it, There is a small stream of muddy water rune ning through the centre of the lake site, : The break In the dam 1s about 220 | feet wide, and there is but a small portion of the dam left on either side, No damage was done to any of the bulldings belonging to the club. The whole South Fork is swept away, with not a tree standing. There are but one or two small streams showing here and there in the lake. A great many of the workmen carried off baskets full of fish which they caught in the mud. JonxstTownN, Pa., June 4.—At 11 o'clock the first relief train, bearing thousands of pounds of provisions for the suffering and 2000 coffins for the dead, passed over Johnstown bridge, across the improvised trestle and track, up the incline to the Johnstown depot. For the first time rallroad communi- cation is re-established between the stricken city aud the outside world. Twenty-five registry offices for the living were opened this morning. Up to noon 900 out of 34,000 were registered. Three hundred more bodies have just been found opposite Nineveh, This makes 700 bodies found at that point, Out in the centre of the river, on the extreme edge of the mass which rests against the bridge, the Pittsburg fire- man have a stream playing on the wreckage, They are literally in the middle of the river putiing out a fire, Bonfires are burning everywhere, Fire is the agent employed to help the com- mittees get rid of the refuse and broken wood. By means of fire the Cambria Iron Company has cleared away most of the lighter lumber, and will soon be able to work on the heavier piles. The completion of the temporary track and bridge, which permits the passage of trains over the river, has been a bles. sing, for it allows the men to work much faster than before, and to get tools and materials closer at hand. This was the day set aside by the Citizens’ Committee for the burying of all tke unidentified dead that have been lying in the Morgues since Sun- day at 10 o'clock. This morning the men who were in charge of the burying started to work, and have been busy all day. There are no pathetic scenes at these burials, The men who have been hired to do the work seem to do it just as a matter of business, The bodies are being interred in the ceme- tery nearest the place where the bodies were found, About noon a procession of about 50 coffined bodies was seen going up the hill above the railroad. were no mourners present and the sight was a ghastly one to behold. It will take several days to bury the bodies now ih the different grave yards, as there were few graves dug until this morning, and no implements to dig with, However ° Suiachiiant of men arrived Thomas Williams, the husband who lost his wife and family, recovered his wife's fomaias and wok thet up the mountain, where a grave buried them himself. Te said: Tau is the most terrible I ever heard done; but when I them, all has ut there was enough of their clothing What was eft was picked up and placed in «offins, the old gentleman foliowing losely the men who were carrying the JouNsTOWN, June 5.—An earnest was made to-day to get some information as to the total of persons whose lives were ts attend- number jailroad bridge. The further the in- quiry was presented, however, the uncertain the ascertainment of There has been no general system of keeping records, and when it Is remembered that the loss of life began six miles above Johnstown, and extends 20 miles below in a path ranging from 100 feet to a mile In width, it will be seen how difficult it would have been te adopt any such system in so sudden an emergency. Dead bodies into which the Conemaugh empties as far west as Pittsburg, and without doubt many of them still lle buried In the stream or are lodged under the debris and sand. The whole territory in dead bodies have been located is of so vast an extent, coming under the notice of so many different authorities, that no complete record could have been kept, especially in view of the fact that it was deemed expedient Io many places to remove the remains from sight forever as quickly as posaible, which these AN ACTUAL COUNT IMPOSSIBLE, An actual count of the dead 1s abso- lutely Impossible. The streets of Johustown to-day are covered in many places houses high with sand and rub- bish and building meterial and house- hold utensils, in the midst of which human remains are being constantly discovered, When these bodies are dug out, If they are in the immediate vicin- ity of Johnstown, they are removed to one of the five places that have been temporarily utilized as morgues, The best conducted of these is under the direction of the Rev, J. D. Beale, D. D., pas tor of the Presbyterian Church, who has a force of 156 men washing the remains, embalming them and arrang- ing them on hastily constructed benches for purposes of identification. The bodies at this morgue that are uident!- fled will be buried within a reasonable time, with a due regard for the pre- cautions that are being taken to pre serve health, Up to noon to-day 178 bodies have been received at this place, Those that are identified are buried; those not yet claimed are buried at Grand View Oemetery and other points, the graves being marked so that relatives who desire to do so may hereafter locate and remove them, The morgue under Dr. DBeale's charge is in the Fourth Ward School House. There is another under the charge of a Commit- tee of Pittsburg undertakers in the Presbyterian church; another at the Pennsylvania Raliroad station, where bodies are embalmed to be sent to the Prospect School House, and another at Conemaugh, From the latter place known bodies are belng buried in the old Catholic Cemetery. At Diebert’s soap factory, South street, Kernville, which 1s the south side of Johnstown, dead bodies are also being cared for in numbers, @ total number of bodies found In and around Johnstown Is about $600, These, of course, do not include about as many more that have been reported as found and buried from various points along the Conemaugh from Nineveh down to Johnstown, At none of the Johnstown morgues, however, was it believed that the number of dead would been Mrs, Fredericks, an aged woman, eH hts road bridge, the representation in bulk of a great percentage of the life and property in Johnstown, Conemaugh and other points down the Conemaugh and Stony Creek, conveys the idea Lo the on-looker of an immense Cage which became a charnel house, catch- ing in its meshes thousands of human victims, Where Johnstown’s principal stores stood last Friday are now plitehed 100) tents, and before to-morrow night this number will probably bs doubled. Under this shelter are accommodated the members of the militia and the thousands of workmen who are trying to clear the streets of this wrecked city. Over 5000 men are thus em- ployed in Johnstown proper, about 1500 of these being the regular street hands employed by Contractor Booth and Flynn, of Pittsburg, the others being volunteers, JounstTowN, Pa., June 6,—E, D. Entwistle, General Manager of the Johnson Steel Rall Company, was one of four men who worked row boats all day Saturday, and rescued men, wo- men and children from the great mass of debris collected before the bridge of the Pennsylvania Railroad, He lives with bis family iu Hoxbam, a short distance from Johnstown, bul at the time of the flood he was walking along the south side hills commanding a view of the Conemaugh creek gorge, down which the torrent came, Atl that time a twelve-mile current was pouring down Stoney creek. When the flood rebounded from the south side hills it turned the current of Stony creek, up which it ran for over a mile, carrying with it a mass of debris and houses, on which many people were seen, Un Saturday morning he got four boats, the only ones the flood had spared, and brought them down to Johnstown. He took one and Willlam MeClain, Corresponding Secretary of the Johnson Company, John Coffin, Civil Engineer for the Cambria Iron Company, and the Moxham Methodist minister, took the others. They worked from dayhghbt to nightfall, and Entwistle estimates that they saved over 1000 lives. He himself having taken off over 300, he says thal there was probably 2000 people on the upper end of the debris, and most of these were saved. He could not tell how any were on the end towards the bridge. He related many individual instances of heroism, Daniel Morrell Stack- house, a son of Powell Stackhouse, Vice President of the Cambria Com- pany, well known in Philadelphia, was swept into the Uulon street School house, the oniy bullding left standing below Connemaugh creek. AS 5000 as he found himself in comparative safety be stood by the window and dragged people off the wreckage floating by. Almost 200 people found safely In the school house, and, being forced to stay there over twelve hours without drnnk- ing water, much suflferlug was ex- perienced. Rain water was caught In the palms of the hands of some of the refugees and then held to the lipsof the erying children. They were taken out on rafts on Saturday. At the headquarters of the Volon- tary Registration Bureau to-day. it was learned that about 3500 people had registered since the despatch fixing the total number of persons accounted for as living at 12,000, This brings the total upto over 15,000, which is more than one-half of the estimated total population of Johnstown borough and the immediate vicimity, Mr. Me- Connauchey, who bas charge of the Registration Bureau, estimates from the way Lhe returns arecoming in, that a few more days would run up the total of living to perhaps 20, 0040, This would still leave a deliciency of nearly 10,000, It is proposed. as soon as the list can be gotten in shape, to have it printed and posted about the town and vicinity, so that it may be examined by people, who can report to headquarters if they find their names are not on the list, In this way, it is thought, a record may be secured of several thousand more who failed to register under the pres- ent arrangement. Special inquiry was made to-day with a view of ascertaining the walue of property that has been destroyed, Several intelligent men approximate the total loss from the place where the flood began to the place where iia force was spent at between $20,000,000 to $30,000,000. - AT WILLIAMSPORT THIRTY PERSONS DROWNED BY THE FLOOD. MILLIONS OF FEET OF LUMBER CAR~ RIED AWAY. Prrresvna, June 5.—A report just received from Huntingdon, Pa., says: The late news from suburban districts in this county, just received, show that destruction to property by the | ing gone down during a heavy storin last night, Ratlroad communication with Al toona on the west will be opened on a single track by to-morrow, From here to the junction of the Juniata and Busquebaunna rivers the sweep of the flood extended, filling this once beautiful valley with desola. tion and ruin, Growing crops in the lowlands were destroyed, and in Smith’s Valley, this county, the farm- ing lands, comprising an area of twelve by two miles, have been stripped of every vestige of soil, As far as known S00 houses have been destroyed In this county. Relief commitlees are now engaged and are seeking assistance for the destitute, Three families, com- prising sixteen persons, liviug on the Roystown branch, named Dean, Heff- ner and Montgomery, are missing, and iL 18 feared that they have been swept away with their homes, WiLrLiausporT, Pa,, Jun» 5,—This evening at six o'clock Llieutenant- Governor Stone reached here with seven car loads of provisions, which will be brought across the morrow and distributed. Five a lot of tents from Harrisburg. A meeting of the ladies of the city bas been called for range for reoeiving and clothing, a full supply expected to reach here very soon, ‘Trains will run to Lock Haven and Renovo some time Lo-morrow, The lost lumber committee of the Lumbermen's som’s Island, below the city to-lay, and found in that locality over 12,000,000 feet of lumber and 20,000 000 feet of logs, In a house that had lodged on Ran- som’s Island the body of woman was found. not be obtained. Some letters were near by her, signed **W, H, Jackson.’ The city continues in darkness, but C. A. Dyers, Secretary and Treasurer f gas company, reached of the nome f 1 +g from Philadelphia, after driving gl he promises 15 have ght again by Friday nig ¢ light company also hope to have the lights burning azain in a few days, At the dally meeting of cil to- day an additional commities of was solnted look after the needy. Cases of extreme distress were an- pounced as existing, and many lo- stances of sickness were furnished, the gas | . rt 3 ht, ihe eject I £51 + api 0 LL AE or ¥ WILLIAMSPORT, patches received Pa., June 5, — Des. iay bring the news that all the logs and lumber of Sprague, Strillby and Bubb, and those of Tweed, supposed to have been lost, have all been saved, leaving these parties $100, - 000 better off than they thought they were, At Reynoldsville, on Sandy Creek, A. C, Hopkins & Co., of Lock Haven, lose their whole stock of logs and lum- ber, ten million feet. AL Brookville, Wainright & Bryan Jose all their logs and lumber, twelve million feet, At Little Trout Run, on Big Pine creek, six moen had been employed peeling bark. Sines the waler subsided a search was made for ihe men, and all were found in the cabin drowned, One of the number, Enoch Wier, was a resident of Jersey Shore, where his body was taken yesterday. Joseph Cesserman, of the same place, had to be buried where found, Lis body not being in condition to be moved. The names of the other four were not learned, No lives were lost by the breaking of Maynard street bridge but that of a boy named Geiger, who was killed and washed away. A man named Miller, who was on the bridge, 1s missing. All others who were on the bridge es- caped, Harrisevroe, Pa, June 5.-—Gov- ernor Beaver has received the following telegram from Mayor Mason, of Lock Haven: “Your telegram received, Dona- tions 1n the shape of provisions and money are what we need. Money is necessary to place the streels in a sani tary condition, Both our reservoirs have been swept away. Our bridges are gone, the river bridge is down, Our merchants are In a deplorable condition, their losses ranging from $500 up to $2500. Houses, barns and stock swept away. Cannot reach Williamsport by wagon. Train will probably run to-morrow morning. Additional contributions of $100,000 have been received from New York. Up to date Governor Beaver has re- ceived about $150,000 for the sufferers. Governor Beaver telegraphed Super- intendent Gill this evening: Lock Haven is also in great destitution. We hope to reach them with food to-mor- row. They will also need clothing and bedding. It would be well if a depot of such supplies could be kept, so as lo make shipments at any time as the need of other destitute places develop. The Board of Charities bas been summoned to Harrisburg for a meet. ing, to-morrow, for the purpose of de- vising plan for systematic and judi- cious distribution of the moneys con- tributed for the relief of the sufferers WILLIAMSPORT, Pa., June 6.—The people breathe a little easier, now that all apprehension as to further suffering from hunger has been dissipated. The E57 e 8 shed Hil g 5 g f i i Ii § books, The cash contributions from our cith | zens amount to $12,000, Notices hat | just been received from the Fa'l Brook Coal Company authorizing the Mayor to draw on the company for $1000, A despatch from Grand Forks, Dakota, i says a car load of grain has been sent from there for our sufferers, | BrerreroNte, Pa, June 6, — About | 40 lives have been lost In this (Centre { county. I'he damage to property will | reach a million and a half dollars, Word has been received from the Crescent Nail Works, on the Northern Central Railroad, that the place has been pearly all washed away. Many of the houses anu a part of the nal) works are gone. The water wis up « the roofs of most of the houses, The population took refuge in a church on { the side hull and in such buildings as | were not too much in water. The | peovle are left ent rely destitute, A i ! ! 1 { i few sacks of flour, which B. F. Carter and a few others had, were distributed, and some has since been carried lo | over the mountain. Mr, Carter is now | here asking for relief, having walked in Most of the men of the town have gone to work along the | railroad, helping in repairing it, but { their families are at place, { over the hills left the | staying wherever they can find shelter, i About G0 people are in destitution, The body of Calvin Miller, has been missing since the Maynard street bridge went down, has been found st Montoursviile, four miles below here. This makes two lives t only lost at the Maynard strest bridge, iustead of the large number whicl falsely reported as having been drowned there, About 5o'clock thisevening, a crowd | was standing on the sidewalk on Third | street, where a lot of damaged goods were being sold, when the sidewalk which had been undermined by the {| flood gave way. Jacob Brookens, an | old soldier, fell down head first the cavern, and a heavy flagstone dropped down upon him and killed There is great danger of similar | accidents, as the streets and sidewalks liable to caveln atl any Lime. gh who int Au $4 fain. Advices coming yw that the loss of properly has been very heavy in all places near here, Morris, Tioza The mills county, is a fotal wreck. and part of the logs of Mr. Landis, the Dover Mill and the Blackweils | Mill are gone. Many dweliings and buildings are swept away. The Pine Creek Railroad has suffered greatly, The track rn away and a large amount the embankment was washed out just west of the city, and all along up to Blackwells aud beyond. At Salladesburg much damage was done, Houses and mills were flooded, and in some instances moved and greatly injured, Toe plank road was { torn up, bridges carned away, and great destruction caused at every | point, Lock Havex, Pa., June 6, —The flood from above reached here on Fri- | day evening, and before midnight the i river had overflowed ils banks and ! commenced to spread all over the city, { carrying desolation and ruin into every { home. The whole city was soon under | water, and on Saturday morning the | only way to get through the streets | was io boats, From mountain i | mountain the waste of waters spread {out like ono vast ocean, the river iryaring and thundering on one | side, and the Bald Eagie creek on the totler, It was not until noou of Sat- { urday that the highest point, and there | was an average depth of five feet in all | parts of the city. In many portions the | water was 12 feet deep. The booms gave way under the great pressure and | millions of feet of logs were taken ‘adrift. Small bouses and balidings | were upset and the streets were filled { with logs and other floating drift, { which, in many places, went crash- | ing through doors and windows, The { iood came up so rapidly that there | was no chance to remove goods from | storee, and all the merchants have ijost heavily, People who lived in | places where the danger of drowning | was the greatest were removed to the { court house in boats, and for more { than 48 hours the greater part of the | population were compelled to remain in | the second story of their homes. | The city is in a terrible state. The houses are all filled with mud, from two to six inches in depth, and all day Sanday nothing was done but shovel, scrape and wash them oul with the | dirty water from the streets. The streets | themselves are blocked with huge piles of mud and debris of all sorts, Nearly all of the bodies of those drowned have been recovered. The farmers on the rich flats along the river have suffered terribly in loss of crops, barns, houses and live stock. The damage in the county, including Lock Haven, will reach milllons of dollars, Business is at a standstill Both reservoirs that supply waler for the city gave way, and water famine seemed imminent, but the danger is over, and water Is being turned into the main pipes from the stream itself, PriLADEBLPHIA, June ©, — Tele- graphic communication with Bellefonte it again interrupted. A despaich from Willlamsport says details of the effects of the flood in Centre county are very meagre. The frst advices from there en the number drowned in Nittanny alley at 36, Re fat. Antiguity of Beads. in Bid $ is v nt Of The use of beads is of great ant quity, for they are found in the most ancient of E tombs as decora- tions of the , and beads supposed to have been used as barter by the Phoenecians in trading with various nations in Africa are still found In considerable numbers and are highly valued by the natives under the name Aggry” beads. Ever since the
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