THE THRUSH,
The brown bird came where his nest had
been,
When the skies were bright and the leaves
were green;
He cane where the bare boughs swayed in
the cold,
And his mate lay dead on the black wet
mold.
Threugh the sunless air the frost had stilled
The wailing note of his melody thrilled,
As the sense of solitude, loss and wrong
Broke in the flood of his passionate song,
He sang of erst beside his nest,
To charm the ear that he loved the best,
In a sad and strange delight he sang,
Till his eall through the desolate woodland
rang;
Fuller and sweeter swelled the note
Erow the breaking heart and the quivering
throat,
Tili in the dreadful unanswering hush,
Silent and dead lay the lonely thrush.
So many a human singer will come
Where the hearth is cold
dumb,
wake the
well,
With a bitter joy in the old sweet swell;
Just so much the bettar than brutes we are, |
We can catch an echo though taint and fair;
As faith aod memory breathe from the
skies,
“The love that united us
NL ELT SUR .
FIRST FLAG OF THE NAVY.
notes that the dead loved
And
never dies.”
There is a good ship, with a good
name, the Friendship. bounding away |
over the Atlantic. The white foam
curls about her bows, and as she drives |
ahead she meets wave after wave as |
easily as a duck ndes the ripples of a |
mill pond, There 1s a boy of thirteen
climbing the vessels shrouds. Perhaps
he halts a minute, and turns to wateh
the receding shores of England sinking
and meiting like a blue wave into the
stretohing ocean,
It is Jobn Paul, sailor-boy, born in
old Scotland, and now, in this year,
1760, he is off to try his fortune at sea
He has not gone to sea empty-headed,
but he has anxiously packed away the
knowledge that wall be helpful nu life's
jonrney. Often, while many of his
young companions were rioting at mid-
night, it is saad that he would be
studying.
Abbott tas reported that there were
masters who could excel
navigation. We shall tind
u after years he dashes
flying against England's
but bi
our hero in
that out as
with ¢olors
DAavY,
His first voyage was to America,
twenty he was master of a ship,
It was in Virginia, where he went to
asottle a deceased brother's estate, that
he assumed the name of Jones, and as
John Pan! Jones his name is known
and honored in the anpals of our navy.
Since the age of thirteen, America had |
been bis adopted home, and when the |
war of the Revolution opened he was
commissioned first lieutenant in Ameri-
ea’s little navy, comprised of only five
vessels, ‘while on the other side growled
the guns of England's one thousand
ships-of-war,
It was John Panl Jones who did a
memorable thicg cue day. The first
flag of the American navy counted thir. |
teen stripes, a stripe for each colony. 1t |
carried, also, a pine-tree, At iis foot
was an energetic rattlesnake, whose }
warning, in a motto, wds, “Don’t tread |
upon me,”
hiledelphia boys ought to remember |
that it was off Chestnut street that the
flag was firat raused. The frigate Alfred |
was anchored there, but no national flag
floated from the masthead. The latter
was bare of all emblem or wotto, Bat!
the commander stepped on vosed, Thir-
teen guns thundered out their salute,
and np, for the first time, fluttered the
flag of the spunky little navy. The
hands below that pulled on the rope
were those of John Paul Jones,
Lieutenant Jones had been offered a |
captain's commission, aud the command |
of the Providence, a vessel of twelve |
guns, but he declined, not feeling that |
he was fitted for the place, Merit, like |
cream, though, goes to the top, and it |
was Captain Jones at last, sailicg under
the spirited flag,
He has been described as *‘a short,
thick, little fellow, about five feet eight |
inches in height, of a dark, swarthy |
complexion.” ‘That is in an Eaoglish |
book, An Awmerican suthor eatls him
“handsome, and having a fine figure.” |
It was this ‘‘short, thick, little fellow,” |
that put more than one thorn into the
paw of the Britizu lion,
Varions were his adventures, but he |
showed constantly how daring, cool and |
skilled he was, It was in the antumn |
of 1776, while the November winds
gwere blowing sharp and bleak along the |
shores of the British provinces, that |
Oapilain Jones was cruising in those |
waters in search of plunder. He had |
been quite successiul, eapturiug the
Mellish, laden with some very comfort.
able clothing for the British army ia |
Canada,
Slipping into a fog, he brought out |
three coal vessels that belonged to a |
ooal fleet. An Euglish frigate was
guarding, but could not easily protect |
them in that blinding fog. He took
other plunder, and was moving off with
five prize vessels, when an ugly neigh-
bor showed her topeails above the low
fine of the horizon, It was the British
frigate Milford,
Paul Jones’ readines and self .
sion did not desert him. He Rin
to his prizes to push ahead on the same
tack all night, and to disregard entirely
any lights he might hang ont. When
the sun had set and it was dark every-
where, he and an armed vessel he had
taken shifted their course, and swung
out toplights until morning.
At
|
morning oame the nimble Paul was
there, but his booty was safe some
where oa the water beyond the horizon
line, is armed companion, through a
binnder, was captured, but Paul's vessel
safuiy ® AWAY, helped by a storm
that broke in the afternoon, All of Paul
Jones’ prizes found good friends who
took good care of them; and how com-
fortable tho clothing must have made
our troops! Poor fellows, they were
no doubt shivering badly.
The man who as lieutenant first ran
up to the masthead the old American
naval flag had the bonor of sailing un.
der its successor, the ‘*‘Biars and
Stripes jdopted by Cangrom ihe Jesh
It was the
LW
-,
1
us the firth Ainorionn Trigate, the
Ranger, that Captain Paul Jones now
smiled from our shores: Reaching
France, he finally sailed for England,
and made a daring voyage through St.
George's Chaunel, along the shores of
Scotland. And how he stirred up the
British lion by his bold attacks here and
there! He did much damage, and oap-
tured various prizes—a war ship, the
Drake, among them,
The lion roared, snd ealled Jones a
“pirate,” and other nice names, but the
man under the ‘Stars and Stripes” was
not to be stopped by a lion's thunder,
Paul Jones’ words to the commander
of the Drake at the time of the sotion
were characteristio,
There was the saucy Ranger near the
Up went
Up
went the Starrs and Stripes above the
Ranger,
’
promptly came the reply.
“We are waiting for you. The suu je
but little more than an hour from set-
ting. It is therefore time to speak.”
The Ravger went to America, but
Atlantic, and in France sought for an-
Benjamin Fravkhn,
enemy, that be became an object’of fear
to vhe foe, and a tower-—a floating tower
—0f strength to his country. He forced
Great Britain to deliver up and ex
change American prisoners she held and
ill-used, He died July 20, 1789, ouly
forty-five years old, having entered the
service of Russia as su admiral, after
faithfully ministering to bis own coun-
try. His last sickness was at Paris,
Boid, feariess, wise in war, the name
of John Paul Jones will be honored by
America as long as there is any one to
love the Great Republic,
The possession of the above qualities
was not the only recommendation that
could be given him, England was fond
could reach him, and one way was
through the Eaglish prisoners Le took,
Said Captain Pearson, of the Serapis,
when tenderirg his sword:
“It is with great reluctance that I
surrender my sword to a man who fights
| with a halter around his neck.”
War is to be deplored. There is a
| grand old book which says *‘he that is
| slow to anger is better than the mighty,
| and he that ruleth hisspirit than he that
| taketh a city,”
in his reply:
| “Captain Pearson, you have fought
{ like a hero, and I have no doubt that
| your sovereign will reward you for it in
i the most ample manner,”
Health-Gaiving Perfumes,
Struck with the good sense of this ad
vice, Jones went personally to court
It is well for every young person
vice: “Go and do it yourself,
Bon Homme Richard.
Oue memorable action oconrred be
battle, and the Serapis, of forty-one
guns, a very fine British frigate,
vattle ocourred off the English shore,
ouly three miles awey., The sea was
a mild wind Lightly filing the
The sun had
gone down, but the moon had majestic-
aliy moved up into the heavens, and in
her clear light the sun ghitered as if of
polished silver,
There were many spectators on the
shore, and they watched the nearing
vessels slowly sailmg in the
moonlight. How hushed and glorious
picture,
“What ship is that?” asked the Se.
Tapia,
“What is it you say?”
Bon Homme Richard.
The Berapis was angry.
“What ship is that? Answer imme-
diately, or I shall fire into you,”
Quickly the aspect of that hashed
scene on the ocean was
changed. A terrific roar burst upon
rolling up from the hall of each vessel,
| gion,
Professor Mantegazzi found
veaily all the essences used in perfum-
by the perfumer, when exposed to al:
| and light, develop ozone.
‘the oxidacion of these essences 1s one
| of the most convenient means of produ-
cing ozone, since, even when in very
minute quantity, they can ozonlze a very
i actin is very persistent: that mn
greater number of cases the essences,in
order to develop ozone, require the di-
rect rays of the sun; in a small
of cases they effect the change with dif-
fused lightiin few or none in darkness,’
A vessel that has been perfumed
essence and afterward washed and dried
still develops ozone, provided a shght
odor remains. The most eflective
sences are those of cherry, laurel palma
lavender, mint, juniper,
lemons, fennel and bergamot; the less
effective are anise, nutmeg, cajeput and
| thyme. Montegazzi adds that camphor
nun her
£8.
rosa, cloves,
the above-named essences
facts should be better known
any
y of
These
perfumes as disinfectants, and ozone
being the most effective of oxidizing
disinfectants, it appears that they were
| right, In the East, where there is much
| need for atmospheric punfication, the
iold faith in perfumes still remains,
With us it is new generally sapposed
| that such perfumes merely hide the
| malodor and deceive us, but if Mante-
gazziand Dr, Anders are right this
modern notion is a fallacy. Wonderful,
| perfumer’s stock were never discovered
A Boorpion aud her Children.
The ships separating, the irons were
thrown for a pew grip, and the vessels
pers, in ramming down the charges,
often ran their ramrods into the port
Captain Jones boardsd the Serapis,
but was driven back.
Captain Pearson, of the Berapis,
I was playing a game of billiards in a
small village in the Blue Mountains;
roof being covered, as is the universal
custom in Jamaica, with cedar wood
My opponent was smoking a
about to play a stroke, what I thought
yet begun to fight.”
in, The ship was thought to be sinking.
While water below threatened todrown,
fice broke oat above,
or musi they drown?
To put ont the fire, Jones set to work
on the table close to the ball at which I
Instinctively I was on the
point of brushing it 6ff with my hand,
when to my amazement I saw it was a
specimen of a scorpion, from which ran
away in every direction a number of
neh in length.
The mother scorpion lay dying upon
ing some of them at the pumps,
The Eoglish voarded the Richard, but
quickly retreated. Terrible was the loss
cartridges that the powder-boys of the
Serapis bad let on the deck. The pow-
der from the
ridges readily kindled, and the explosion
was awial, The mainmast of the Sera.
whirlpool of desth below. Flames
sprang out here and there, Captain
Pearson knew that the end had come,
and pulled down his flag,
Paul Jones in the affair had displayed
his usual pluck and persistence, At one
time, some of his men besought him to
strike; but Jones afterward wrote: “I
wold not, however, give up the point.’
The result was that Pearson did give it
up.
What made the terrible confusion of
the battle still worse was the coming
up of an American vessel, that strangely
began to pitch shot into the Bon
Homme Risbard, The serious mistake
was repeated,
The captain said that as the two ships
were lashed er he could not fire
into the Ber without ooocasionall
hitting the Richard, Paul Jones wou
hah gladly excused the man from all
work.
The Richard sent her shot in the right
direction, but she did not long remain
above water to enjoy her honors. Torn
by shot, she was kept afloat until the
next evening, and then she sank into a
grave where no British erniser could
trouble her,
Twenty British ships, it 1s said, were
sent after the daring but did
not capture him, Oae aeocount affirms
that forty vessoles were hunting for him
in the German Ocean, tos port on which
sen he went,
feeble struggles, the whole of her back
eaten out by her own offspring, of which,
astonishing number of 48, They had
her body from the shell of her back, so
that she looked hike an inverted cooked
crab from which the edible portions had
been removed, She had clung to her
retreat in the shingled roof until near
the approach of death, when she had
fallen and given us this curious specta~
cle. Twas told by the attendant that
the young scorpions always hve thus at
the expense of their mother’s life, and
that by the time her strength is exhaust.
ed the horrid offspring are ready to shift
for themselves,
eosin ors MI AP
Lightning ta the Tropios
In the plains of India, at the com-
mencement of the monsoon, storms oc-
cur in which the lightning runs like
snakes all over the sky at the rate of
three or four flashes ina second, and
the thunder roars withont a break for
frequently one or two hours at a time.
During twelve years’ residence in In-
dia I heard of only two human beings,
and, I think three buildings being
struck, although in parts of Lower
Bengal the population amounts to more
than 60U to the square mile. [ always
attributed the scarcity of accidents to
the great depth of the stratum of hea-
ted air next the ground keeping the
clonds at such a height that most of
the flashes pass from cloud to cloud
and very few reach the earth, This
iden is supported by the fact that in the
Himalayas, at 6,000 feet or more above
the sem, buildings are frequently struck
I have seen more than a dozen pine
trees which had been injured by light.
ping on the top of one mountain be-
tween 8,000, and 9,000 feet high, In
t Ialands’ wanderstorins
The Mystery of Nisgars.
The mystery attached to Niagara
Falls and river is apparantly as impene-
trable as it was in 1842, when Prof,
John Hall, of New York, projected the
first survey of the river. The unknown
increases in interest at the present time,
when an international effort is being
made to preserve the approaches to the
Some of the remarkable facts
enginers, may be told, in order to shed
more light upon an old and familiar
object.
Out in lake Ontario, a few miles
from the mouth of the river, are several
enormous shoals, called the ‘‘Brick-
bats,” They are annually increasing
canyon and the wear of the falls. Frost
and the atmosphere are disintegrating
themselves.
EVery year,
tinually fall, and, plunging into the
river, are ground to dust in the eur-
rents and hurned away to the shoals,
it is remarkable that the river's mouth
fuse. Those who think it Impossible
pause to consider several important
facts, The current of the Niagara
ranges from ten miles an hour to two
miles a minute,
solid face of a cube 36 000 yards square,
50 enormous is the volume of water
Just below
the lower bridge the swells formed by
the current rise to a height of twenty
feet, so terrific is the pressure from
The Maid of the M'st passed
through the canun at a rate in part ex-
est trip ever made by a vessel,
Lawrence to be made by Niagara river
are right in one respect,
stream receives vast
American and Canadian
such as the interior
drainage ol northern
and the Ottawa river,
The mysterious and awlul depths of
Niagara's capon are fruitful
comment. Dome portions
reasonably supposed to be
When the first railway bridge was con-
structed here ambitious persons
attempted to sound the canon directly
ms from
tributaries,
ROCH
chain of
the
Adironacks
subjects of
of it are
bottoniless,
BOIS
¢ ¥
£8 V0 DAL
with stones and lowered it. Then they
iron to it, which actually floated owls
the flerce counter currents, A few
the United States Lake Sur-
vey came here, and, as recorded of the
oblained, We saw at once that the
and proposed to test the smallest possi.
weight in form
weighing thirteen
Then we secured the ser
vice of one of the ferry boatmen and
started out into the stream. The boat.
man was ordered Lo row as nearly under
As we approached
became more and
we were not only
falls the roar
For
were 80 deal as to be unable to distin.
guish one word from another, The lead
was cast first near the American Falls,
where bottom was found at eighty-
Near the main falls we
found one hundred feet of water. Here
the ocarsman’s strength failed, and the
little craft began to dart down stream,
At every cast of the lead the water grew
railway the old guide and most of the
sel to go farther down stream,
the lead told off 103 feet. We
down by simply ascertaizing the width
and deepens to 210 feet, Lower down,
at the Whirlpool Rapids, the gorge be.
COMes Very narrow,
tercibly fierce, Here
depth was 350 feet.
gorge is still narrower, and would ex-
ceed a depth of 400 feet. When the
the computed
tion the height of the canon walls above
ths surface must not be
These walls range from 270 to 360 feet
the total depth of the canon ranges from
350 to 700 feet. This great depth of The
gorge leads directly in imagination
to the canon’s wear. What absurd
theories and conjectures have been put
torth on this subject. Step up my good
biblical scholar and tell us how twenty
cubic miles of solid rock have been worn
out in 6,000 years. Twenty cubic miles
is many times larger than Manhattan
Island. It probably contains more ma-
terial than is contained in Long Island
including the Brooklyn politicians,
There seems to be a current impression
that the Falls recedes toward Buffalo
at the rate of one foot a year. The
great geologist Lyell is responsible for
this stupendous error, One foot a year
means the displacement of 1,600,000
cubic feet of rock from the face of the
falls annually, sufficient to build all the
structures on Broadway. The displace
ment is really about half an inch of the
face of the falls as a whole in every five
years. Suppose it were that amount
every year, then Niagara would annually
displace 62,500 cubic feet of the face of
the falls, which would arrive in Buffalo
in Jho you 3,163,185, and have been 1.-
267, years reaching their present
position.
No portion of the canon excites more
interest than the maelstrom Salle
Ei
been a bug-bear of speculation, We are
gravely told that through this whirlpool
is a subterranean outlet for the waters
of the great lakes, One sentence or one
thought suffices to shatter this specula-
tion, There could be no such gigantic
cause without a gigantic effect. All of
the water pouring over the Falls
passes through the Whirlpool, If it
has an underground cutiet, where is the
gigantic spring which upheaves the
mighty volume of waters? No spring in
the earth is large enough to undertake
such a task. One naturally asks the
question, where the waters go which
They mumply flow out and
on through the canyon, The Whirlpool
is in the form of a large circle. Tne
average force of the volume of water
moving through the canyon 18 135,900
This compact mass of
water moves with incredible swiftness,
ning around like a top and constantly
passing out into the canon to rush mad-
Its own velocity gives its a cir-
motion and the moving
a Liemendous pres-
cular
bottom of the whirlpool.
the existence of the whirlpool is easily
At one time
and during thousands of
a8 the whiripool. While the falls and
low the bottom of lake Ontario,
bottom of the upper lakes is far below
In some parts
ing been captured by the United States
engineers,
- —
Doctors and Disease,
‘Some men,” remarked Captain
the midst of
and miasmsta, and never
any the worse, “How, for in-
stance, do you doctors defend your for.
tress?’
“Im glad you asked the question,
We defend the fortress first by using
ordinary precaations, We will not, i
possibla, breathe more infected air than
we can help. We will not be stupi ily
rash. Depend upon it, my friend, that
when Dr, Abernethy kicked his foo!
through the pane of glass in his
patient's room, becanse he couolin’t
get him to have his window down, the
excellent physician was thinking as
much about lus own safely as that of
patient. Becondly, physicians
know that they must live by rule when
cases during a pestilence,
[se body must be kept up to the health
tandard, Io times of epidemic let
every one see to himself, attend to every
Dis
attending
aiygl be abstinent, There is no other
way of defending the Fortress of Life
againt mvisnible foes,
“This living socording to rule,” said
my friend musingly, “is a terribly hard
thing to have to add. At least, I am
sare most people fiod it so.”
Few people,”
being anything of the sort until actual
ianger to lite stares them in the face,
Some one else, I believe, has made a
‘
it is worthy of being repeated,”
“And il is true,” sdded Horton, *‘I
have been thinking a good deal lately
*
“Most people who are laid low do
think,” I replied,
“lI have been thinking,” said my
friend, *“‘that most ol us err by eating
more than is necessary.”
“How very true that is, Horton.
Why, a careful regulation of diet—a
diet that should iscline to the abste.
mious-we have one of the best defenses
against invisible foes of all kinds, Thi
not for life only, but comfort while we
do exist, It is a fact which all should
bear in mind, that over-eating not only
——E DA ———
Another Volcano,
The news of the bursting out of an-
Krakatoa was in full blast. If so, we
may look out for a renewal of the su.
There is
canoes of Java, whieh ie that they sel-
dom emit lava, bul throw off vast quan.
tities of boiling water, like the geysers
of Iceland, Bat in Java earth is mixed
with the water, thus making huge
rivers of mud pouring down the sides
Our readers will re-
on the island, vessels passing through
the straits of Sanda, were deluged
with mud, and almost disabled. Saul.
phur and suiphurio acid are also thrown
out mn great quantities, and in one place
on the island a huge lake is strongly
impregnated, out of which a river of
acid flows, destro every living thing
te influence, In the
extnet orater called
the Valley of Poison.
circumference,
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¥Faots Abous Faloonry, Fd
Probably falconry is the oldest of the
many ways of hunting birds and small
animals for the purpose of pleasure,
According to some authorities, it origi
nated in China at least 2 000 years be.
fore the Chnstian era, From the Ce
lestial empire the sport found its way
into Japan and India. That the pastime
is still fashionable in these countries is
apparent fromm the orusments on fans
and other articles received from them,
Travelers say that hawking is a favo-
rite amusement among the upper class.
es in Persia, Arabia and the various
countries in northern Africa, The eggs
of hawks are hatched in incubators in
Egypt, and “mews” for the rearing and
training of hawks are quite numerous,
That the Romans practiced falconry is
evident from the works of Pliny and
{ Aristotle, It was the favorite pastime
| of the nobility and gentry in France for
more than 1,000 years, History states
that the sport was introduced into Eng-
iand from Flanders about the year 800,
It was the fashionable amusement down
| to the time of Cromwell. While he was
in power an attempt was made to abol-
ish it, but the sport was again revived
| with the restoration.
Faleonry might be in‘roduced mts
the United States to good advantage at
{the present time. The public needs
some diversion to take the place of
roller ekating and base ball, A distin-
| guished foreign ornithologist states that
the most rapacious hawks in the entire
world are found in this country. All
they require to be of service in the pur-
| suit of game is training while they are
| young. The women of past ages and
| other countries have shown great tond-
| ness for hawking, Our women of leir.
ure, the doctors tell us, are suffering
| for want of exercises in the open air.
| Should they become interested in fal
i conry, they would get all exercise
they require, During an exciting hunt
| with swift-flying hawks, they might be
required to walk or run twenty or thirty
miles at a stretch. TLis tramp would
prepare them for a hearty weal of sub-
stantial food and a good night's rest,
After spending the months of May and
June in bawking, they would have no
ccasion to seek a health resort. They
would recover their health and strength
while following thelr favorite hawks,
handsomer pet
ier. It has five
A bawk is 8 much
weys. In a
in 4 poodie or a ler
and attractive
ormer age, ladies of high degree spent
ich time in polishing the besks and
talons of their hawks, Our women
might find this occupation an agreeable
| change from making “crazy quilts® and
decorating pottery. Should falconry
be introduced here and become a fash-
ionable sport, the taste and skill of la-
dies would be taxed to make the proper
equipments for their bawks. The old
| books tell us that a hawk should be pro-
vided with a hood for protecting the
head, and *‘jesses” or strands of orna-
| mental leather for the legs, To these
{ little silver bells should be attached,
| The bells were attached by means of
“bewits,” and to one of these was
| fastened a *‘creance’ or long silken
| string for the purpose of reclaiming the
! hawk,
The introduction of falcoury would
cause the establishment of several new
industries. Oneof these woud be the
| breeding of hawks, and anct ser the pro-
periraining of them, During the 15th
century hawks with suitable pedigree
and “record” brought almost fabulous
prices, One English nobleman paid 1,-
000 pounds steriing for a promising
young hawk. Hawk-breeding estab-
lishments were ascommon and as profi-
table as establishments for breeding
race horses are in America to<lay. An
expert in bawk-training received a sal-
ary proportionate with that the jockey
now commands, There ure places in
| this country where “the woods are full
| of” hawks, and fortunes will be made
| in catching and training them as soon
| as falconry is introduced, Farmers and
fruit-raisers are generally unfavorable
to hunters who use frearms. They
{ would, bowever, warmly welcome
{ bawking parties, and be glad to have
the cherry orchards cleared of robins,
their corn-flelds of crows, and their
| grain-fields of blackbirds, Villages that
| desired to have their English sparrow
| population reduced could invite hawing
{ elubs to hold a tournament, and the
{ work would be effectually done.
§ i ———— Wn
Vebuvious Active.
Vesuvius 18 again-in a state of erup-
| tion near Torre del Greco, and the in-
| habitants of that place are in a state of
bpanic as the village bas been several
times covered. First, in 1631, when
| many thousands perished; again in June,
1794, destroying the Cathedral, the
the
43
ihage
{The inhabitants who witnessed this
eruption say that the present appearan-
ces are like the beginning of that one,
No sand or ashes have yet been seen as
at the memorable eruption of 1877;
when showers of these reached Rome,
Signor Louis Palmieri, the celebrated
meteorologist, who since 1854 has had
the direction of the Vesuvian Observa-
immediate e and I think
this a light growth of the eruptive
period beginning in December, 1875."
Tras Patriot,
Kossuth admires Mr.” Gladstone as
woodsman, a dramatic eoritic and
reader of the Lessons in ch
Re ot Bal
atonement which Eugland is
Sort of purgatory hough
sins againa the cause of Ii
Ey
i
i
»
-
iii
£5