THE THRUSH, The brown bird came where his nest had been, When the skies were bright and the leaves were green; He cane where the bare boughs swayed in the cold, And his mate lay dead on the black wet mold. Threugh the sunless air the frost had stilled The wailing note of his melody thrilled, As the sense of solitude, loss and wrong Broke in the flood of his passionate song, He sang of erst beside his nest, To charm the ear that he loved the best, In a sad and strange delight he sang, Till his eall through the desolate woodland rang; Fuller and sweeter swelled the note Erow the breaking heart and the quivering throat, Tili in the dreadful unanswering hush, Silent and dead lay the lonely thrush. So many a human singer will come Where the hearth is cold dumb, wake the well, With a bitter joy in the old sweet swell; Just so much the bettar than brutes we are, | We can catch an echo though taint and fair; As faith aod memory breathe from the skies, “The love that united us NL ELT SUR . FIRST FLAG OF THE NAVY. notes that the dead loved And never dies.” There is a good ship, with a good name, the Friendship. bounding away | over the Atlantic. The white foam curls about her bows, and as she drives | ahead she meets wave after wave as | easily as a duck ndes the ripples of a | mill pond, There 1s a boy of thirteen climbing the vessels shrouds. Perhaps he halts a minute, and turns to wateh the receding shores of England sinking and meiting like a blue wave into the stretohing ocean, It is Jobn Paul, sailor-boy, born in old Scotland, and now, in this year, 1760, he is off to try his fortune at sea He has not gone to sea empty-headed, but he has anxiously packed away the knowledge that wall be helpful nu life's jonrney. Often, while many of his young companions were rioting at mid- night, it is saad that he would be studying. Abbott tas reported that there were masters who could excel navigation. We shall tind u after years he dashes flying against England's but bi our hero in that out as with ¢olors DAavY, His first voyage was to America, twenty he was master of a ship, It was in Virginia, where he went to asottle a deceased brother's estate, that he assumed the name of Jones, and as John Pan! Jones his name is known and honored in the anpals of our navy. Since the age of thirteen, America had | been bis adopted home, and when the | war of the Revolution opened he was commissioned first lieutenant in Ameri- ea’s little navy, comprised of only five vessels, ‘while on the other side growled the guns of England's one thousand ships-of-war, It was John Panl Jones who did a memorable thicg cue day. The first flag of the American navy counted thir. | teen stripes, a stripe for each colony. 1t | carried, also, a pine-tree, At iis foot was an energetic rattlesnake, whose } warning, in a motto, wds, “Don’t tread | upon me,” hiledelphia boys ought to remember | that it was off Chestnut street that the flag was firat raused. The frigate Alfred | was anchored there, but no national flag floated from the masthead. The latter was bare of all emblem or wotto, Bat! the commander stepped on vosed, Thir- teen guns thundered out their salute, and np, for the first time, fluttered the flag of the spunky little navy. The hands below that pulled on the rope were those of John Paul Jones, Lieutenant Jones had been offered a | captain's commission, aud the command | of the Providence, a vessel of twelve | guns, but he declined, not feeling that | he was fitted for the place, Merit, like | cream, though, goes to the top, and it | was Captain Jones at last, sailicg under the spirited flag, He has been described as *‘a short, thick, little fellow, about five feet eight | inches in height, of a dark, swarthy | complexion.” ‘That is in an Eaoglish | book, An Awmerican suthor eatls him “handsome, and having a fine figure.” | It was this ‘‘short, thick, little fellow,” | that put more than one thorn into the paw of the Britizu lion, Varions were his adventures, but he | showed constantly how daring, cool and | skilled he was, It was in the antumn | of 1776, while the November winds gwere blowing sharp and bleak along the | shores of the British provinces, that | Oapilain Jones was cruising in those | waters in search of plunder. He had | been quite successiul, eapturiug the Mellish, laden with some very comfort. able clothing for the British army ia | Canada, Slipping into a fog, he brought out | three coal vessels that belonged to a | ooal fleet. An Euglish frigate was guarding, but could not easily protect | them in that blinding fog. He took other plunder, and was moving off with five prize vessels, when an ugly neigh- bor showed her topeails above the low fine of the horizon, It was the British frigate Milford, Paul Jones’ readines and self . sion did not desert him. He Rin to his prizes to push ahead on the same tack all night, and to disregard entirely any lights he might hang ont. When the sun had set and it was dark every- where, he and an armed vessel he had taken shifted their course, and swung out toplights until morning. At | morning oame the nimble Paul was there, but his booty was safe some where oa the water beyond the horizon line, is armed companion, through a binnder, was captured, but Paul's vessel safuiy ® AWAY, helped by a storm that broke in the afternoon, All of Paul Jones’ prizes found good friends who took good care of them; and how com- fortable tho clothing must have made our troops! Poor fellows, they were no doubt shivering badly. The man who as lieutenant first ran up to the masthead the old American naval flag had the bonor of sailing un. der its successor, the ‘*‘Biars and Stripes jdopted by Cangrom ihe Jesh It was the LW -, 1 us the firth Ainorionn Trigate, the Ranger, that Captain Paul Jones now smiled from our shores: Reaching France, he finally sailed for England, and made a daring voyage through St. George's Chaunel, along the shores of Scotland. And how he stirred up the British lion by his bold attacks here and there! He did much damage, and oap- tured various prizes—a war ship, the Drake, among them, The lion roared, snd ealled Jones a “pirate,” and other nice names, but the man under the ‘Stars and Stripes” was not to be stopped by a lion's thunder, Paul Jones’ words to the commander of the Drake at the time of the sotion were characteristio, There was the saucy Ranger near the Up went Up went the Starrs and Stripes above the Ranger, ’ promptly came the reply. “We are waiting for you. The suu je but little more than an hour from set- ting. It is therefore time to speak.” The Ravger went to America, but Atlantic, and in France sought for an- Benjamin Fravkhn, enemy, that be became an object’of fear to vhe foe, and a tower-—a floating tower —0f strength to his country. He forced Great Britain to deliver up and ex change American prisoners she held and ill-used, He died July 20, 1789, ouly forty-five years old, having entered the service of Russia as su admiral, after faithfully ministering to bis own coun- try. His last sickness was at Paris, Boid, feariess, wise in war, the name of John Paul Jones will be honored by America as long as there is any one to love the Great Republic, The possession of the above qualities was not the only recommendation that could be given him, England was fond could reach him, and one way was through the Eaglish prisoners Le took, Said Captain Pearson, of the Serapis, when tenderirg his sword: “It is with great reluctance that I surrender my sword to a man who fights | with a halter around his neck.” War is to be deplored. There is a | grand old book which says *‘he that is | slow to anger is better than the mighty, | and he that ruleth hisspirit than he that | taketh a city,” in his reply: | “Captain Pearson, you have fought { like a hero, and I have no doubt that | your sovereign will reward you for it in i the most ample manner,” Health-Gaiving Perfumes, Struck with the good sense of this ad vice, Jones went personally to court It is well for every young person vice: “Go and do it yourself, Bon Homme Richard. Oue memorable action oconrred be battle, and the Serapis, of forty-one guns, a very fine British frigate, vattle ocourred off the English shore, ouly three miles awey., The sea was a mild wind Lightly filing the The sun had gone down, but the moon had majestic- aliy moved up into the heavens, and in her clear light the sun ghitered as if of polished silver, There were many spectators on the shore, and they watched the nearing vessels slowly sailmg in the moonlight. How hushed and glorious picture, “What ship is that?” asked the Se. Tapia, “What is it you say?” Bon Homme Richard. The Berapis was angry. “What ship is that? Answer imme- diately, or I shall fire into you,” Quickly the aspect of that hashed scene on the ocean was changed. A terrific roar burst upon rolling up from the hall of each vessel, | gion, Professor Mantegazzi found veaily all the essences used in perfum- by the perfumer, when exposed to al: | and light, develop ozone. ‘the oxidacion of these essences 1s one | of the most convenient means of produ- cing ozone, since, even when in very minute quantity, they can ozonlze a very i actin is very persistent: that mn greater number of cases the essences,in order to develop ozone, require the di- rect rays of the sun; in a small of cases they effect the change with dif- fused lightiin few or none in darkness,’ A vessel that has been perfumed essence and afterward washed and dried still develops ozone, provided a shght odor remains. The most eflective sences are those of cherry, laurel palma lavender, mint, juniper, lemons, fennel and bergamot; the less effective are anise, nutmeg, cajeput and | thyme. Montegazzi adds that camphor nun her £8. rosa, cloves, the above-named essences facts should be better known any y of These perfumes as disinfectants, and ozone being the most effective of oxidizing disinfectants, it appears that they were | right, In the East, where there is much | need for atmospheric punfication, the iold faith in perfumes still remains, With us it is new generally sapposed | that such perfumes merely hide the | malodor and deceive us, but if Mante- gazziand Dr, Anders are right this modern notion is a fallacy. Wonderful, | perfumer’s stock were never discovered A Boorpion aud her Children. The ships separating, the irons were thrown for a pew grip, and the vessels pers, in ramming down the charges, often ran their ramrods into the port Captain Jones boardsd the Serapis, but was driven back. Captain Pearson, of the Berapis, I was playing a game of billiards in a small village in the Blue Mountains; roof being covered, as is the universal custom in Jamaica, with cedar wood My opponent was smoking a about to play a stroke, what I thought yet begun to fight.” in, The ship was thought to be sinking. While water below threatened todrown, fice broke oat above, or musi they drown? To put ont the fire, Jones set to work on the table close to the ball at which I Instinctively I was on the point of brushing it 6ff with my hand, when to my amazement I saw it was a specimen of a scorpion, from which ran away in every direction a number of neh in length. The mother scorpion lay dying upon ing some of them at the pumps, The Eoglish voarded the Richard, but quickly retreated. Terrible was the loss cartridges that the powder-boys of the Serapis bad let on the deck. The pow- der from the ridges readily kindled, and the explosion was awial, The mainmast of the Sera. whirlpool of desth below. Flames sprang out here and there, Captain Pearson knew that the end had come, and pulled down his flag, Paul Jones in the affair had displayed his usual pluck and persistence, At one time, some of his men besought him to strike; but Jones afterward wrote: “I wold not, however, give up the point.’ The result was that Pearson did give it up. What made the terrible confusion of the battle still worse was the coming up of an American vessel, that strangely began to pitch shot into the Bon Homme Risbard, The serious mistake was repeated, The captain said that as the two ships were lashed er he could not fire into the Ber without ooocasionall hitting the Richard, Paul Jones wou hah gladly excused the man from all work. The Richard sent her shot in the right direction, but she did not long remain above water to enjoy her honors. Torn by shot, she was kept afloat until the next evening, and then she sank into a grave where no British erniser could trouble her, Twenty British ships, it 1s said, were sent after the daring but did not capture him, Oae aeocount affirms that forty vessoles were hunting for him in the German Ocean, tos port on which sen he went, feeble struggles, the whole of her back eaten out by her own offspring, of which, astonishing number of 48, They had her body from the shell of her back, so that she looked hike an inverted cooked crab from which the edible portions had been removed, She had clung to her retreat in the shingled roof until near the approach of death, when she had fallen and given us this curious specta~ cle. Twas told by the attendant that the young scorpions always hve thus at the expense of their mother’s life, and that by the time her strength is exhaust. ed the horrid offspring are ready to shift for themselves, eosin ors MI AP Lightning ta the Tropios In the plains of India, at the com- mencement of the monsoon, storms oc- cur in which the lightning runs like snakes all over the sky at the rate of three or four flashes ina second, and the thunder roars withont a break for frequently one or two hours at a time. During twelve years’ residence in In- dia I heard of only two human beings, and, I think three buildings being struck, although in parts of Lower Bengal the population amounts to more than 60U to the square mile. [ always attributed the scarcity of accidents to the great depth of the stratum of hea- ted air next the ground keeping the clonds at such a height that most of the flashes pass from cloud to cloud and very few reach the earth, This iden is supported by the fact that in the Himalayas, at 6,000 feet or more above the sem, buildings are frequently struck I have seen more than a dozen pine trees which had been injured by light. ping on the top of one mountain be- tween 8,000, and 9,000 feet high, In t Ialands’ wanderstorins The Mystery of Nisgars. The mystery attached to Niagara Falls and river is apparantly as impene- trable as it was in 1842, when Prof, John Hall, of New York, projected the first survey of the river. The unknown increases in interest at the present time, when an international effort is being made to preserve the approaches to the Some of the remarkable facts enginers, may be told, in order to shed more light upon an old and familiar object. Out in lake Ontario, a few miles from the mouth of the river, are several enormous shoals, called the ‘‘Brick- bats,” They are annually increasing canyon and the wear of the falls. Frost and the atmosphere are disintegrating themselves. EVery year, tinually fall, and, plunging into the river, are ground to dust in the eur- rents and hurned away to the shoals, it is remarkable that the river's mouth fuse. Those who think it Impossible pause to consider several important facts, The current of the Niagara ranges from ten miles an hour to two miles a minute, solid face of a cube 36 000 yards square, 50 enormous is the volume of water Just below the lower bridge the swells formed by the current rise to a height of twenty feet, so terrific is the pressure from The Maid of the M'st passed through the canun at a rate in part ex- est trip ever made by a vessel, Lawrence to be made by Niagara river are right in one respect, stream receives vast American and Canadian such as the interior drainage ol northern and the Ottawa river, The mysterious and awlul depths of Niagara's capon are fruitful comment. Dome portions reasonably supposed to be When the first railway bridge was con- structed here ambitious persons attempted to sound the canon directly ms from tributaries, ROCH chain of the Adironacks subjects of of it are bottoniless, BOIS ¢ ¥ £8 V0 DAL with stones and lowered it. Then they iron to it, which actually floated owls the flerce counter currents, A few the United States Lake Sur- vey came here, and, as recorded of the oblained, We saw at once that the and proposed to test the smallest possi. weight in form weighing thirteen Then we secured the ser vice of one of the ferry boatmen and started out into the stream. The boat. man was ordered Lo row as nearly under As we approached became more and we were not only falls the roar For were 80 deal as to be unable to distin. guish one word from another, The lead was cast first near the American Falls, where bottom was found at eighty- Near the main falls we found one hundred feet of water. Here the ocarsman’s strength failed, and the little craft began to dart down stream, At every cast of the lead the water grew railway the old guide and most of the sel to go farther down stream, the lead told off 103 feet. We down by simply ascertaizing the width and deepens to 210 feet, Lower down, at the Whirlpool Rapids, the gorge be. COMes Very narrow, tercibly fierce, Here depth was 350 feet. gorge is still narrower, and would ex- ceed a depth of 400 feet. When the the computed tion the height of the canon walls above ths surface must not be These walls range from 270 to 360 feet the total depth of the canon ranges from 350 to 700 feet. This great depth of The gorge leads directly in imagination to the canon’s wear. What absurd theories and conjectures have been put torth on this subject. Step up my good biblical scholar and tell us how twenty cubic miles of solid rock have been worn out in 6,000 years. Twenty cubic miles is many times larger than Manhattan Island. It probably contains more ma- terial than is contained in Long Island including the Brooklyn politicians, There seems to be a current impression that the Falls recedes toward Buffalo at the rate of one foot a year. The great geologist Lyell is responsible for this stupendous error, One foot a year means the displacement of 1,600,000 cubic feet of rock from the face of the falls annually, sufficient to build all the structures on Broadway. The displace ment is really about half an inch of the face of the falls as a whole in every five years. Suppose it were that amount every year, then Niagara would annually displace 62,500 cubic feet of the face of the falls, which would arrive in Buffalo in Jho you 3,163,185, and have been 1.- 267, years reaching their present position. No portion of the canon excites more interest than the maelstrom Salle Ei been a bug-bear of speculation, We are gravely told that through this whirlpool is a subterranean outlet for the waters of the great lakes, One sentence or one thought suffices to shatter this specula- tion, There could be no such gigantic cause without a gigantic effect. All of the water pouring over the Falls passes through the Whirlpool, If it has an underground cutiet, where is the gigantic spring which upheaves the mighty volume of waters? No spring in the earth is large enough to undertake such a task. One naturally asks the question, where the waters go which They mumply flow out and on through the canyon, The Whirlpool is in the form of a large circle. Tne average force of the volume of water moving through the canyon 18 135,900 This compact mass of water moves with incredible swiftness, ning around like a top and constantly passing out into the canon to rush mad- Its own velocity gives its a cir- motion and the moving a Liemendous pres- cular bottom of the whirlpool. the existence of the whirlpool is easily At one time and during thousands of a8 the whiripool. While the falls and low the bottom of lake Ontario, bottom of the upper lakes is far below In some parts ing been captured by the United States engineers, - — Doctors and Disease, ‘Some men,” remarked Captain the midst of and miasmsta, and never any the worse, “How, for in- stance, do you doctors defend your for. tress?’ “Im glad you asked the question, We defend the fortress first by using ordinary precaations, We will not, i possibla, breathe more infected air than we can help. We will not be stupi ily rash. Depend upon it, my friend, that when Dr, Abernethy kicked his foo! through the pane of glass in his patient's room, becanse he couolin’t get him to have his window down, the excellent physician was thinking as much about lus own safely as that of patient. Becondly, physicians know that they must live by rule when cases during a pestilence, [se body must be kept up to the health tandard, Io times of epidemic let every one see to himself, attend to every Dis attending aiygl be abstinent, There is no other way of defending the Fortress of Life againt mvisnible foes, “This living socording to rule,” said my friend musingly, “is a terribly hard thing to have to add. At least, I am sare most people fiod it so.” Few people,” being anything of the sort until actual ianger to lite stares them in the face, Some one else, I believe, has made a ‘ it is worthy of being repeated,” “And il is true,” sdded Horton, *‘I have been thinking a good deal lately * “Most people who are laid low do think,” I replied, “lI have been thinking,” said my friend, *“‘that most ol us err by eating more than is necessary.” “How very true that is, Horton. Why, a careful regulation of diet—a diet that should iscline to the abste. mious-we have one of the best defenses against invisible foes of all kinds, Thi not for life only, but comfort while we do exist, It is a fact which all should bear in mind, that over-eating not only ——E DA ——— Another Volcano, The news of the bursting out of an- Krakatoa was in full blast. If so, we may look out for a renewal of the su. There is canoes of Java, whieh ie that they sel- dom emit lava, bul throw off vast quan. tities of boiling water, like the geysers of Iceland, Bat in Java earth is mixed with the water, thus making huge rivers of mud pouring down the sides Our readers will re- on the island, vessels passing through the straits of Sanda, were deluged with mud, and almost disabled. Saul. phur and suiphurio acid are also thrown out mn great quantities, and in one place on the island a huge lake is strongly impregnated, out of which a river of acid flows, destro every living thing te influence, In the extnet orater called the Valley of Poison. circumference, F i i 52 3 g i i £ i : - > | i h k | H gf I i : 5g ik zg Bes pil i i i R £ ! i ; ¥Faots Abous Faloonry, Fd Probably falconry is the oldest of the many ways of hunting birds and small animals for the purpose of pleasure, According to some authorities, it origi nated in China at least 2 000 years be. fore the Chnstian era, From the Ce lestial empire the sport found its way into Japan and India. That the pastime is still fashionable in these countries is apparent fromm the orusments on fans and other articles received from them, Travelers say that hawking is a favo- rite amusement among the upper class. es in Persia, Arabia and the various countries in northern Africa, The eggs of hawks are hatched in incubators in Egypt, and “mews” for the rearing and training of hawks are quite numerous, That the Romans practiced falconry is evident from the works of Pliny and { Aristotle, It was the favorite pastime | of the nobility and gentry in France for more than 1,000 years, History states that the sport was introduced into Eng- iand from Flanders about the year 800, It was the fashionable amusement down | to the time of Cromwell. While he was in power an attempt was made to abol- ish it, but the sport was again revived | with the restoration. Faleonry might be in‘roduced mts the United States to good advantage at {the present time. The public needs some diversion to take the place of roller ekating and base ball, A distin- | guished foreign ornithologist states that the most rapacious hawks in the entire world are found in this country. All they require to be of service in the pur- | suit of game is training while they are | young. The women of past ages and | other countries have shown great tond- | ness for hawking, Our women of leir. ure, the doctors tell us, are suffering | for want of exercises in the open air. | Should they become interested in fal i conry, they would get all exercise they require, During an exciting hunt | with swift-flying hawks, they might be required to walk or run twenty or thirty miles at a stretch. TLis tramp would prepare them for a hearty weal of sub- stantial food and a good night's rest, After spending the months of May and June in bawking, they would have no ccasion to seek a health resort. They would recover their health and strength while following thelr favorite hawks, handsomer pet ier. It has five A bawk is 8 much weys. In a in 4 poodie or a ler and attractive ormer age, ladies of high degree spent ich time in polishing the besks and talons of their hawks, Our women might find this occupation an agreeable | change from making “crazy quilts® and decorating pottery. Should falconry be introduced here and become a fash- ionable sport, the taste and skill of la- dies would be taxed to make the proper equipments for their bawks. The old | books tell us that a hawk should be pro- vided with a hood for protecting the head, and *‘jesses” or strands of orna- | mental leather for the legs, To these { little silver bells should be attached, | The bells were attached by means of “bewits,” and to one of these was | fastened a *‘creance’ or long silken | string for the purpose of reclaiming the ! hawk, The introduction of falcoury would cause the establishment of several new industries. Oneof these woud be the | breeding of hawks, and anct ser the pro- periraining of them, During the 15th century hawks with suitable pedigree and “record” brought almost fabulous prices, One English nobleman paid 1,- 000 pounds steriing for a promising young hawk. Hawk-breeding estab- lishments were ascommon and as profi- table as establishments for breeding race horses are in America to