Distance. Oh, spotless silver ship So far away! While in the hazy bloe Thine outlines stay No fleck or flaw is seen; Bat float a-near, Andjmany a seam and soil Straitway appear. Oh, hope that lies serene In distant light! No blemish mars thy grace To longing sight} But hope hy longing met Erchants no more Then coarse and common ships Reside the shove, —M. F. Bulls, in Good Company. FE ———— Thanksgiving. Sweet was the song of the robin, Dlithe was the hum of the bee, In the day when the drift of the blossom Was light as the foam of the ses, Then deeply was cloven the furrow, And gayly they scattered the seed, Who trosted that mintall and sunshine Would surely be given at need, I'he robin hath flown to the tropic, The honey bee ftitteth no more, The reaper hath garnered the harvest, And the fruit and the nuts are in store, The fame hath died out on the maples, We tread on the loose-lyving leaves, And the corn that was sturdy and stalwart Is gathered and bound into sheaves. And sweeter than music of springtime. And taller of jubilant mirth, Are the strong-tided chomls 0's: flowing From hearts where thanksgi The songs of the home and the The gladness of ahildren at play, And the dear love of households united + has birth VAY, Are blending in praises to-day For pasture lands folded with beauty, For plenty that bandened the vale, For the wealth of the teaming abundance, And the promise too royal to fil, We lift to the Maker our anthems, Kut none the less cheerily come To thank Him for bloom and fraition, And the happiness crowning the home. Oh, the peace on the brow of the tather, The light in the mother’s clear eyes, The lilt ia the voices of maidens Who walk under dream-cartained skies, The dance in the feet ol the wee ones, And the sparkle and shine ia the a The year has no time like Thanksgiving — A trace to our fretting and care. Sweet was the song of the robin, Blithe was the ham of the bee, In the day when the drift of the blossom Was Bght as the foam of the sea; ~weater the silence of autamnu, I maketh a space for the strain Sve joyance of home, when the harvest Qi gathered trom hillside and plain. THE MINISTER'S PIE. “ Look here, Sally!" Mrs. Deacon Farrell brushed the flour from her hancs, casting meanwhile a complacent eye over the well-filled kitchen table, with its generous array ol unbaked pies and cakes. the pump tar- key stuffed and trussed ready for the morrow's baking, and the big chicken- pie to which her skillful fingers had just peated rather more decidedly: “ Look here, Sally! There's enough chicken lett, with the giblets—that 1 never put in my own pie, because the descon don't relish 'em—ter make a hanksgiving pie for the minister's folks. 'Twon't need ter be very large,” she added, in reply to Sally's doubtful —an’ you can bake it in that smallest yaller dish. “Now, I'm goin' upstairs ter look over them rug-rags, an’ you make it an’ bake it right off, so't I can send it over by the deacon. He's got ter go out to the Corner this afternoon, an’ can take it along as well as not.” She bustled out f the door, but the next moment, seized perhaps with a sudden pang of compunction, she put her head in again, to say, warningiy: Be sure you put in a good parcel of gravy: that'll keep it fiom bein’ dry, if tis half giblets.” “ Yes'm,” answered ;Sally, briskly; and catchmg up the rolling-pin she brought it down with an emphasis upon a lump of dough on the moid-board. As the stairway-door closed behind her mistress, Sally dropped the rolling: in, snd a look of perplexity crept over er dull face, making it ten times more ludicrous bewilderment: “(iblets! What, in all creation, if anybody can tell me, does she mean by them Involuntarily she took a step forward, but checked herself as quickly, while a cunning smile replaced the look of per- antly: «I guess [ nin’t a-agoin’ ter confess my ignorance ter the deacon’s wife, an’ hear her say, as she alwaysdoes, ‘ Two tenns to the 'eademy. Sally, an’ not know that! dictionary in the house!” gitting-room. Sally hastily opened the terious word. + (3-i-b—here "tis!" and she read aloud to herself, with an sir of triumph, the following definition: “Those parts of a fowl that are re- moved before cooking—the heart, giz- gard, liver, ete.” : “ That's it!—*heart, and so forth,'” she repeated, joyfully, and she retraced her steps to the kitchen, and began, with great alacrity, to fill, according to directions, the minister's pie; keeping up, meanwhile, a running fire of comment for her own special benefit. “ Six gizzards! Well, that is rather * steep,’ as Dan Watson would say. But 1 guess the deacon's wife knows; if she don't, *taint none 'o my business. Six hearts! Them’s small, and tuck into the corners handy. Six livers! Seems ter me they don't fill up much,” and she glanced, witlr a perplexed air, at a pile of denuded chicken-bones that formed her only resource. ** Now, I wonder,” with sudden in- gpiration’ * what that ‘and so forth’ meant? Here's ‘hearts, gizzards and livers.’ plenty of ’em, but no ‘and so forth.’ and the pie ain't more’n two- thirds foll yet. It must mean,” and she cast a bewildered look at the half- filled pie, * the chickens’ legs. 1never knew nobody ter put’em in a pie, but that must be what it means, an’ they'll just fill up.” No sooner thought than done. In went the three pairs of stout yellow legs upon which their unfortunate owners had strutted so proudly only a day be- fore; on went the well-roiled dough, covering them from sight, and into the oven went the minister's pie, just as the mistress of the house re-entered her kitchen, and with sn approving glance at the snowy pastry, remarked en- couragingly : y “That pie looks real (neat, Sally. to be quite a cook.” It was Thanksgiving morning, and ister’s back door. door, although she enough, in open minister's wife was startled was she by the shacp, shril voice that spoke so close to her ear: the mornin’, they might chase after if al day, an’ not ketch up with it then. a good-lookin’ pie—pretty rich pastry thoug ken put much shortenin’ in an But you're young, many things to learn yet. I runin te see i eH you could Spare ue acu Pine 2 haa or throw to VOLUME XIII. CENT RE HALL, CENTR E CO. PA. ( * DECEMBER 9, 1880. ’ NUMBER 48. “ Certainly,” and a roguish laugh flit- ted over the fair face of the minister's wife, at this specimen of her meddle had learned the rare lesson of a judi cious silence, and taking the cup that Miss Patience produced from beneath her shawl. she bade her visitor be seated while she left the room to get the desired article, As her steps died away, Miss Patience noiselessly arose from her seat, and ap proaching the dresser upon which the pie stood, peered curiously into the apertures in the crust, her sharp face expressing eager curiosity, “ I'll bet & ninepence she didn't know enough ter put crackers in. 1 wish't | could get one look, jest ter satisfy my own mind, ' she added. And determined to accomplish her object at all hazards, she ran a knife deftly around a small portion of the edge, and inserting four inquisitive fingers, lifted brown crust, and took a glimpse of the cone tenis A look of unmitigated disgust passed over her face. Dropping into a con- venient chair, actually groaned aloud : “Well, 31 never! an’ we payin’ tuat man 8500 » year besides a donation party at Christmas. Ough!” Unsuspicious Mrs. Graham as she re- turned with the yeast, was somewhat puszied by the sudden frostiness of her guest, who hurried out of the house as if some dreadful contagien had haunted it: but when the minister, in carving the pie the ceacon's wife had sent, made two curious discoveries almost simultaneously, the reason for Patience’s altered deeanor was made plain, and {the young pair induiged in a hearty laugh that made the old parsonage ring like & peal of Thanksgiving bells. The Tuesday following was the regu. lar day for the weekly sewing-circie, and seidom Mad that interesting gather- ing proved so lively and animated as on this occasion Miss Patience was in the field bright and early, and it was evident at s glance to those who knew her best that she was well nigh bursting with some important secret that she was only waiting a L'- ting opportunity to divolge. That op- portunity was not long in coming, for Mrs. Dea. Farrell, who was a constitu- | tional croaker, took occasion to say in reference to the hard times: “The deacon has been tryin’ ter col | leet tue church tax, and he says he never found money so tight in all the years he's lived here. It's as hard ter get five dollars now as it used ter be ten. the a} LER S i with the stony severity of a sphinx. “You can’t expect folks ter feel like payin' out their money when they see it fairly thrown away an’ wasted.” Everybody looked curious, and some of the younger girls began to bridle de- fiantly. The minister's sweel young wife was evidently a favorite with them, at least. “WW hat do you mean by that?" asked Mrs. Deacon, pointedly. ** Mis' Graham is young and inexperienced, to be sure; but.as the deacon was sayin'only yester- day, she does very well indeed, consid- erin’." Miss Patie Patience, i nce tossed her head know- ingly. *‘I don't want ter say nothin’ to hurt her, but, livin’ next door as I do, 1 can't always help seein’ and hearin’ things that other folks can’t be an’ know things like—" There was an ominous pause, and the deacon’s wile asked, excitedly: “ Like what?" “ Chicken pies, with the legs and feet of the chickens baked in!" Had a thunderbolt fallen among them. it could not have caused greater surprise to those tidy, thrifty New Eng- land housekeepers than this dreadful revelation of the incapacity of their pas- tor's young wife. | «Are you sure of it?” gasped one matron, breaking the ominous silence. | “1 know it for a fact.” was solemnly returned. “ Chickens’ legs in apie!” “She's a born fool!” ejaculated the deacon's wife, indignantly, “and I'm thankful, for her poor husband's sake, that I sent her over one iof my pies yesterday. It's lucky that Le didn't have ter go withoat his Thanksgivin’ breakfast on account | of her ignorance aq’ ghiftlessness.” {| “How did you know about the pie?” asked one of the girls. Miss Patience bristled defiantly. “That's nobody's business but my own!” she retorted, tartly. “1 don't | go round ter find out things ‘hat don't | 3 i concern me, I'd have you know; but when they're thrown right into my face, | as you might say, I den’tshet my eyes no more'n other folks.” Just here, the door opened, and in walked the subject of their conversation, her pretty face glowing with the haste | that she had made, and a mischievous | twinkle in her brown eyes, that nohody | noticed, so occunied were they in hiding the confusion that her sudden entrance had created. Walking up to the table where most | of the ladies were sitting, she saluted them cordially; and then, holding out upon the tip of one slewder fingera well worn silver thimble, she said, archly: thimble, Miss Patience?” So pleased was Miss Patience to re- | gain her lost treasure .Lat she had for- gotten for the moment all her assumed dignity, and exclaimed, oyfully: “ Well, I declare, [ am glad to see that thimble once more! I told Mary Jane that I felt surel had it on my finger when 1 run into ycur house on Thanks- yeast. Bat 1 | givin’ mornin’ arter that | when I got home, it wa'n't be found. Now, where did you find it?” Her shrill, high voice had attracted the attention of all in the room, and everybody looked up curiously as the minister's wife replied, with an innocent smile: “In the chicken-pie that our good friend here "—and she nodded brightly to Mrs. Farrell—‘‘sent me. I left the pie on the dresser when I went Cown cellar after your yeast, and as soon as I came back, I put it on the tabie, and when my husband cut it, there was your thimble ia it. How could it have got there? It is certainly very mysterious anyway.” Silence, dead, profouni, yet, how terribly significant to the deacon'’s wil group. Graham, who, with a playful ac moni- tion to Miss Patience take better care of ner thimble in the future, began an animated conversation with the ladies nearest her, and goon restorea tae com- pany to their wonted ease and good humor. But poor Miss Patience heard the iast of that lost While the deacon’s wife, her death, never trusted any hands but her own to make Thanksgiving pies for her minister. — Youth's Companion. ! She never thimble. Words of Wisdom, It is not the number of facts he knows, that proves the man. Look at the bright side. | sunshine of a living faith in the heart. he wants understanding. that ict in greater ones, Try to frequent betters in books aud in life. most wholesome society. 1 ’ thing of that cause they despise, Tr out of temptstion's way, 1 DANGER SIGNALS, Part ed Lamps Play in Averting Collisions. A New York paper says: Eaoh ol the brakemen and conductors employed upon the steam railroads is supplied with a lamp apon whioh his Ramo is engraved. It is intended to be his com panion and to be {earried by him not only on the train, but also to and from his home It is moanted upon & shin. ing brass base, the metal work upon it is carefully rubbe and not a speck of dust is permitted to be on the Brakemen are supplied with re d, or danger lamps, and conductors with white, or starting lamps. The value of these lamps is rarely appreciated or even {understood by traveiers Many lives have been saved and many have been ost through them alone. The number of lives that have been endangered by the mishaps of lamps cannot be esu mated. The loss of a red lamp, 8 Miss. ing wick, a wick that will not burn, ganses grave alarm in the locomotive cab. The break in a train, the discovery of a blockade, a sudden stop, oall for the instant use of the red lamp. It no red lamp is at hand a pot of red paint or a picee of red flannel is used to cover a white one. I'he flanne! is more in use for it is easy to carry and easily used A bit of fat can be substituted for an un willing wick; it burns as well for five minutes. A fast train 1s easily divided by the breaking of a coupling-pin. The engineer may not be abie to run back for the detached cars, and they must, therefore. wait for the next train. It the weather is misty, the absence ol a red lamp from the rear one of these oars is a terrible menace to lite. Since the centennial exhibition in Philadelphia better railroad lamps sre manufactured, and each train is supplied | with one, two, three or more, according to its length. Two red lamps are placed on the platform of the last car of the elevated railroad trains from dusk until daylight. No danger peed be appre- hended in a clear morning or a Ciear night. Upon a foggy night a collision might almost be expected to follow a break in a train, the red lamps being scarcely perceptible and the trains run- ning closely—if it were not that the dis- tance between the stations is so short, and that the extra precaution is taken of putting a flagman on the rear car. The presence of the flagman is un- known to most passengers. His flag —nothing more than a yard of bright red flannel—is only seen when it is ner- | vously waved in the air as he runs along the track toward an approaching train. And it is a dangerous ran i.: any kind of weather. Engineers and brakemen have | many tales of lucky escapes Lo tell; yet luck is a much smaller factor of sajety | than is their own remarkable presence of mind. Danger is seen by them and averted in instant. One moment ecores of lives are within the ring of} death: the next the train is speeding onward with the only disadvantage of being #ixty seconds behind the schedule time. One night last summer a Long | Island railroad tein, approaching | Jamaica tn its way to Hunters Point, “ broke, * and four cars were left behind. The only lamp on the train—a red one— was in charge of a brakeman, who, in his excitement, let it fall. Oaly a small bit of red glass remained upon A Jamaica train was expected momentar- ily. The passengers apparently did not understand the cause of the stop, nor were they much ‘interested. The con- | ductor relighted ths lamp and nailed it | to a pine stick. Holding it aloft with | the red glass turned towsrd the ap- | proaching train, he conveyed a warning { which prevented a disastrous collision. The » wig IANS, an Hi it ! Accidents. A child in a Pennsylvania farmhouse lately ate some lemon oustard which had heen left standing over night in a copper kettle, and in consequence was green al the edges with verdigris. It was seized with violent cramps and other symploms of poisoning. There was no physician within eight | | miles. The mother and father were | igmorant of any remedy, and the ehiid | would have died, if a schoolboy who had * been lookiag into poisons,” as he said, had pot insisted upon pouring large quantities of milk and the white of eggs | down its throat. He followed this with strong green tea,and before the physician | arrived the child was saved, i We recall a similar instance of cool ness in applying knowledge, which ocourred on a plantstion in Georgia. One of the field hands, a strong six-foot | negro, cut himself in the foot with an ax, and was carried into the house by the terrified field-hands, the blood flow- ing from an artery. A messenger was dispatched for the doctor, but it was evident the man's life would be gone | long before the physician could reach the | town. The master of the plantation was | absent, and the only persons in the house were his daughter, a beautiful girl of six- teen, and the servants. Fortunately the | girl had knowledge, common-sense, and no mawkish sentiment. Kneeling beride the negro, she tied a handkerchief above | the wound, and with a stout stick | twisted it until the blood ceased to flow. | These were trifling matters to learn | | and to apply, but in each case they saved | ‘a life. They are precisely the kinds of | | knowledge which are too much neglected | in the education of our young people. | The antidotes for different kinds of | | poison, the proper treatment of a person | insensible from drowning, the remedies | to use in case of great burns or scalds, | indicate the kind of knowledge which | | could be taught in a few hours in any school. and which would be of incalcuia- | ble ;value. Our boys and girls could surely spare time from the history or art to acquire this knowledge. | let them know less of Alexa: der, or of | esthetic matters, and more of the cause | and cure of the accidentsto lite and 'imb | which may occur in any household. — | Youth's Companion. | Richard Grant White's Cat. | children and of animals, horses, dogs and cats, and they in turn of him. | male persuasion, who is a great hunts | of rats and mice, and is called by h | master ** Nimrod.” * Nimrod,” how- Primitive Agricultural Methods. Writing from Albuguerque, New Mexico, a correspondent says he Mexican and Indian methods har vesting their grain are very primitive, similar. indeed, to those of Eastern pountries in Bible times. The wheat is cut by hand with a sickle, nnd taken, unbound, in carts to the threshing. floor, I'his consists of a round plat of leve ground in an elevated place, fifty, one hundred, or two hundred feet in diame ter, as the farm is a large or small one, the surface of which is irodden as hard as of a cement floor, get in the ground five or six feet apart, forming a eire'e. The unthreshed grain is piled up loosely in the center, and, when everything is ready, a thin laver is raked down between the central pile of grain and the circle of poles, and then a flock of goats or sheep, or sometimes oi burros, or ponies, is driven around over the grain until it has all been beaten out of the heads by their feet The straw is then thrown outside of the circle of poles, and the wheat pushed up toward the oenter. Another lot of the unthreshed grain is then raked down. and the operation repeated until the whole is threshed. 1 was foroibiy reminded of the Seriptural injunction which forbade the Hebrews to muzsie ox that trod out the grain. The winnowing is also done in the Biblical way. After the wheat has been rated from the straw, it is gathered up into a heap, and when a brisk breeze arises it is thrown into the air in the teeth of the wind, which blows away | the chaff while the wheat falls by itself | on the clean floor. At a distance the flying chaff looks like steam escaping by successive puffs from the exhaust pipe of an engine. The Mexicans and some of the In dians are beginning to adopt modern farming irplements, and in a few years iron plows will probably have replaced the wooden ones that have been in use here for centuries, and which are those with which the Egyptians cultivated the valley of the Nile inthe time of Moses. 1 saw one of these plows, but as this is not the season when the ground is broken up, 1 have had no opportunity to observe iis use, It consisted simply of a crooked stick, upon the point of which an iron point was fastened by means of rawhide The Pueblo Indian carts are also curiosities. Not a scrap of iron 1s used in their manufacture. The wheels are discs made of boards, with a clumsy wooden hub on the outside. The tire is of rawhide, and the body of the cart is constructed of poles rudely framed to- gether. tiie gepa-~ EE ———————— Stormy Petrel. The stormy petrel, known 10 S8aliOrS as the Mother Carey's Chicken, is hated by them after a most illogionl manner be- cause it foretells an approaching storm, and therefore by a curious process of reasoning is taking for ils cause, This bird, says ** Wood's Natural His- tory,” has long been celebrated for the | manner in which it passes over the waves, pattering with its webbed fee and flapping its wings so as to keep it self just above the surface, It thus traverses the ocean with wonderful ease, the billows rolling beneath its feet and passing away under the bird without in the least disturbing it. It is mostly on the move in windy weather, because the marine creatures are flung tothe surface by the waves and can be easily pieked up as the bird pursues its course. 1t feeds on the little fish, crustaceans, and mol iusks which are found in abundance on he surmce of the sea, especially on the floating masses of algm, and will for days keep pace with a ship for the pur- pose of picking up the refuse food thrown overboard. Indeed, throw the garbage of fish into the sea is a toi erably certain method of attracting these birds, who are sharp-sighted and sel dom fail to perceive anything eatable. rot dive. The word petrel is given to the bird on account of its powers of walk ing on the water, as is related of St- Peter. It does not frequant land except dur- ing the breeding season and can repose on the surface of the ocean, settling it- self atdhe mean leve: of the waves, and rising and falling quietly with the swell This petrel breeds on the northern consts of England, laying a white egg in some convenient a rabbit purrow being often employed for the purpose This bird possesses a singular amount of oil, and has the power of throwing it It is t b + v to 1 W reoNss, collected largely in St. Kida by eateh- The bird is then re- The inhabi- ous use of this bird when young and unique lamp will burn for a consider. | Sometimes jthe petrel ap- pears in flocks, and has been driven | storms, some | having been shot on the Thames, others in Oxfordshire, and some near Birming- | ham. The general color of this bird is sooty black, and the outer edges of the tertials and the upper tail coverts are white. Its | ength is barely six inches. i AAI How Tomatoes are Canned, The following description of the pro ter from Mr. Sharples, of Boston, Mass., | published in the Analyst: | The tomatoes are raised in the sur- | country here — chiefly in | Arlington and Belmont, which lie about | aix or seven miles northwest of Boston. | The kind preferred at present are known as the Boston Market; these are a smooth, compact tomato, weighing from | being well filled with meat and very few These are brought in daily and gold to the factories. At the I[actory they are emptied, a bushel at a time, | into a wire basket, and then scalded by dipping into a tank of boiling water. | able hmong his specie | for music. 8 for a fondn At the quartet parties at his | master's house, while the music is in | progress, puss wiil come from the re- motest part of the house, and, | room, lie with extended paws listening as soberly and critically as his master | might do, and even more so, for, con- | trary to the general supposition, Mr. | White is as lar as possible from being | critical or grave in bis private life and | among his friends, but is constantly | making jokes, using slang with ridicu- lous effect, and rataer delights in utter- ing sentences so disjointed as to gram- mar that while the sense is clear the effect is preposterous. He thus, per- haps, obtains a sense of relief from his critical labors. Puss on one occasion. however, was too strongly tempted While a beautiful andante was playing there was a sudden rush, a dark streak was teen to cross the room as if it were lightning, and “Nimrod” Lad a mouse in his grasp. Mozart was good, but mouse was better. “ Nimrod” imme- diately trotted off with his prey toshow it to his mistress. Having done this he returned to the room where the musi: was, and taking a position in the midst of the four players tormented his prey, Mr. Berg not being present, and poor little mousey, like the heroine in the melodrama, died to the sound of soft music.—New York Evening Post. { i i i { { i Railroad accidents have their use iv the world, They give thousands ol young husbands an excuse for pot tak. in Shel newly-wedded wives upon a ¢ Sows, They are then measured out in | re them. ready for packing. The cans are filled by hand, the tomatoes being packed as closely as possible into the can. | siderable portion of it is thrown away. | No water is ever used, ns the tomatoes furnish more than enough. After the | cans are filled to within an eighth of an inch of the top, the lid is placed upon | them and soldered fast, A small hole is then punched init, and the cans ara | placed in a hot bath until steawn issues | from the hole; they are then removed from the bath and allowed to cool slightly and sealed; they are then re- turned to another bath in which they are boiled from ‘birty tc forty-five minutes: from this bath they are re- moved to a cooling room. Next morn- ing, when cooled, they are stacked. At the end of the packing season the cans are ¢xamined, and those which have spoiled are rejected. The condition of a can can almost always be told from an examination of the outside. A can in good order has the ends concave. {f,on the other hand, the ends are convex, it almost certain that the can is spoiled. Salmon fishing on the Columbia river, Oregon, is very dangerous, owing to certain tidal peculiarities. Two hundred men at least are reported ss lost during the past season, Over 800 boats are employed by the cauning companies ando vers, 000 men at the canneries, THE SCOUT'S LANT SHOT, A Frontier Tragedy in Which One White Man and Thirty Indians Figured It is ten o'clock in the morning, The honeybees are darting over the prairie in search of the sweel flowers, butter. flies float on lasy wings, and birds are singing thelr sweetest songs. Iti a scene of deepest peace Away to he right is the Little Bear Range ol moun. tains—to the leit thie prairie ocean ex. tends as far as the eye oan reach. Ten miles ahead is a grove ol cottonwoods and a spring— behind are thirty hall. naked savages on horseback. Here is a frontier scout asthe pivoton which the scenery swings. Un Ris way from fort to fort with dispatches his trail has been struck by a war party o Pawnees, and they have hung to it since dark last night, following it across the levels and over the swells at a slow bat never-ending gaiop. that he was a full hundred miles from help, and they knew that his bloody scalp would add another to their trophies. “You're a rubbed out man!" said the scout as ne looked back st dusk and saw them coming at a sldbw gallop over They could not have over. taken him in a dash of two miles, but in a gallopof fifty they would tire him out. At an easy gallop of five miles an hour the mustang forged ahead through the long and weary night, changing his pace only when the rider got down and Two miles behind him, riding thirty abreast and covering a front of hall a mile, followed the implacable foe, gain- ing a little, losing a little, but ever con. fident. When the sun came up from his prairie bed not a savage was missing. The scout turned in his saddle and counted them, looked ahead for land. marks, and coolly said : “You took the chances and you have lost, but you will die game." The mustang was almost blown. For the last halt hour he had labored heavi- bits, “The grove would have beena better place, but the end would have been the same,” said the scout as he drew up and dismounted. The Indians were two miles away. In ten minutes they would be within rifle shot. Good-bye, old pard—1 must do it," said the scout, as he took hold of the mustang's head and drew his knife across the faithful equine’s throat, He wanted a breastwork, and bere he Two minutes were time enough to cut bridie and saddle to pieces, and then he mounted the bedy of his aead triend and calmly waited the approach of the Indians. No shout of triumph was senl Across the prairie as he was brought to bay. T'uat nad been a strange chase, They had suddenly appeared on his trail withe out & sound, seeming to rise out of some fissure in flower-covered prairie N ot once through the jong night Pat the scout heard from them except as he dropped from the saddle and piaced his ear to the ground. But for the steady thud! thud! of their horses’ feet he might have almost made himself be- ileve that was being pursued by shadows. “Sixteen bullets in this Winchester and six in the revolver,” soliloquired the scout as the Indians were within a mile of the spot. Did they mean to ride him down? Each rider was bent over his horse's neck, and each kept the pace he had had for hovrs, “ My sculp is worth the sculp of ten Indians!” said the scout as he raised his rifle. ** but mebbe I can't get over six or seven.” Straight at him rode the line of thirty redskins until he raised his rifle for a shot. Then the band divided right and left and inclosed him in acircie. Not a 1t might have Lie ¥ 11 been called a still hunt, The line was out of riflesshotl at first, but it gradually worked nearer snd nearer, and at last the report of the socout’s rifle broke the stillness of the morning. “Twenty-nine left!” he threw out the empty shell. Not a shot came from the Indians in reply. Every warrior threw himselt on the opposite side of his horse, and the hardy ponies followed the circle at a steady gallop. “Twenty eight left!” said the scout as he fired again. No shout or shot in reply, but the cir- cle was growing narrower, “Twenty-seven. left!” Three of the horses in the ring were galloping without riders. “Twenty-six left!” The scout had fired coolly and de- shooting every victim the head. His rifle had a jonger range than thos? of the Indians, but now they were near enough to open in reply. “Twenty-five left!" he said as another said as he geream of rage and pain. Five of the thirty were dead. Now a yell runs around the circle. and every horse turns his head toward the com mon center and charges the scout. “Paff! bang! puff! bang! bang!" Three horses went down and two more riders fell backward from their saddles, “Twenty-three bang! left!” counted the They were upon him. They shot a) him, struck at him, and tried to ride over him. “ Puff! bang! pufl! bang Five shots struck men or horses, and when the hammer fell for the sixth time it sent the last bullet into the brain of the scout. Nine Indians were lying dead around the pivot, three more were wounded, l " : grass, When they rode away the body was u shapeless mass. It would rest there dur. ing the day, and when night came the wolves would come sneaking from hid- IAAI success in Practical Life, If you speak the right word at the right time; if you are careful to leave people with a good impression; if you it you always think of others as well as | to do. It is where you make peo- are unselfish and and sincere, This is what society is looking for in men: and it is astonishing how much the strong. feel that you auccess and usefulness who possess these qualities of good breeding. It is almost the turning point of success in practical life. - a OANA entlemen,” said the “1 assure you, g the prison, ** that | convict, upon entering | the place has sought me, and not I the | place. My own affairs really demanded | all my time and attention, and I may | truly say that my selection vo fill this position was an entire surprise. consulted my have peremptorily declined to serve, hut us 1am in the hands of my friends { see no other course but to submit.” Transcript, And he submitted, Boston 558 683 BAT. M4 AMIS 01ST mm 507048 (G0 00 LF Thais leads us to a circumstance often noted but not well understood, and that is the alleged superior fecundity of | foreigners to natives, The oversight is | in forgetting to notice the ages of emi- grants, It will be seen by the figures that among emigrants over lorty-one per cent. of males are, on srrival, on age for reproduction. But in an equal num- ber of natives we find but twenty-seven ver cent. of males of the required age. I'his vast disproportion easily accounts tor the difference in the number of chil dren. True, there is an advan on the side of foreigners in general, bul nothing like so much as is generally supposed. A study of s census of New York State shows that the children of native to the ehildren of foreign mothers is as 341 to 360, or only 5 1-8 per cent, surplus on the side of the foreigner. WHERE DO THEY COME FROM? Hasty judges would say from Ireland and Germany, and that is true of the bulk; but more than seventy countries have been represented at Castle Garden, | The figures for the year ending June 30, 1850 will give sn general idea of nativity. NATIONALITIES OF EMIGHANTS ARRIVING THE UNITED STATES DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1880. Males. Females, 38,151 83,452 37,661 21,793 8072 4508 734 440 i Sa # and over EX un S42008 114,168 wo, 8 eM ENORMOUS EMIGRATION, e gis i% 2 and over, L18.77¢ Totals « 8.197 85 $9679 Ten Milllons rdded to the Population of 2 074.663 the United States A View of the Hise and Progress of the Fioed Where They Come Prom and Where They Go To The Tidal Wave Constantly Increas ing The first white native American o whom we have any positive knowledge was born in what 1s now New England about the year 995. He was of Norwe- gian or Icelandic parents, the father being Thorfinn Karlsefne, and the mother, Gudrid, his wife, who had been married twice before. The boy was ealled Snorro, and in our days the groat Danish sculptor Thorwaldsen traced his descent directly back to this earliest white native American. The Greenland and Iceland voyagers, who from time | to time between 986 and the early years |of the eleventh century visited New England, made no permanent settle ments, their longest stay being one winter, during which this child was born. The earliest permanent settlement of emigrants in the original United States was at Jamestown, Va., in 1608, but when we acquired Florida we took in a much older settlement, that of St, Augustine, which dates from 1565, New York was settled in 1613 and New Eng- land in 1620, There was no rush of emi- gration until the establishment | Countries. of the republic after the Revolution, | Ireland por did any considerable flood set | England . in until the famines and political dis- Seothnd . + turbances in Europe from 1847 onward. Other Great Britain. The earliest whites from the old world . were Spanish gold hunters, whe came | Total British Isles. 84,618 soon after the discovery, but made no | brermuany Ee selt ements until many years lator, The | 3 26,862 emigration of the French to the Cana- Norway. 13.183 das and the English to New England faite an were provoked by political and religious | noo ark 4 466 troubles. The Duteh settlements In | Swiweriand 4212 New York and New Jersey were purely | Russia. 3 266 business ventures, We have no official | Hungary 2,964 record of the number of emigrants arrive. | Franoe ....cooeeiee 2,802 ing here until 1819, when Congress pro- Netherlands . 1,982 vided for returns to be made in the | Poland . 1,142 several customs districts. Before this Belgiow . 784 time emigration was subject to many | Uther Europe 68S fluctuations, but continued with consid. . : —— erable uniformity and a gradus: annual Halsope; except tv increase until 1806, It was estimated by | EfAIN +» - ao reful statistician that from 1784 to | British America 1794 the emigrants did not average more China nay than 4 000 per year. In 1794 there came | at Ash, ia about 10.000, During the ten years from | Er 1806 to 1516 emigration aimost ceased in | yovico and Centra consequence of the unfriendly relations Amerion. . . . existing between the United States. | south Amerios France and Great Britain. England | Pacitie is ands held to the doctrine “once a subject | loeland and Green always a subject.” This dete rred | land. 306 thousands from coming here, for they i All other . G09 were not sure but they might be seized New York is the place of debarkation anywhere as sailors already had been in | of more than seven-tenths of all emi American ships on the ocean. Another | grants. At that port there landed, from influence retarded emigration, In 1806 | May 5, 1847, to the close of last year, the Great Britain issued a degree declaring | following numbers: the coasts of France in a state of _block- i Ireland . i ade, and France retaliated in Novem- | Germany . ber, of the same year, deciaring the | Kogland British islands under blockade. These | Scotland. . declarations were followed by the Brit~ | Sweden. ish orders in council and Napoleon's | France ....c.o... Milan degree. The orders in council | Switzerland . srohiibited trade with any ports occupied | Italy . Py the French, This was in retaliat on | Norway for the Berlin decree of the previous | Holland vear. which interdicted commerce with Denmark . Engiand. The United States Congress | o be in March, 1808, prohibited commercial | povemia... intercourse with both France and Eng- | Ausiria. jand for a year. In 1511 Napoleon's | poland decrees were annulled and our trade | Belgium . es with France took a fresh start, but it | West indies. .... was much harrassed by the British | Spais. .tp searching business, acts that finally led to | Hungary . . the second war with the mother country, South America which was formally declared June 18, All other 1812. German emigration sensioly feit | this uniavorshie condition of affairs, | inasmuch as emigrants from the Conti | nent ususlly sailed from Havre or Liv- | } : erpool, Thus from 1506 the stream of | recorded st this port since Aagust 1, emigration was dammed up at its very | 185, with he qo as resale oon- SOUTCOS, | cerning a total of 3,300,850 ns: Peace was concluded with England at | To New York. 1,673,342 the close of 1814; but emigration did | To New Eogland. 303,806 not fairly resume its steady flow until | MIDDLE STATES. late in 1816. In 1817 22.240 passengers | Pennsylvania . arrived, a number far greater than in New Jersey. ..cooee any two previoas years. There were | Maryland. .... great abuses and suffering on shipboard, | District of Columbia. and Congress was forced to provide | Delaware. ........ remedies, 80 in 1519 the first act to regu- | Libera! hristian. late the transportation of passengers by | Second Advent .... sea was adopted. In compliance with | BAA rans this act (which has been from time to Primit e Christianity time amended and improved) coliectors of customs have reported the number of passengers arriving in their districts by | Swedenborgian sea from foreign countries, with age, sex, | Mennonite occupation and country where born. | Radioal .. therefore, for over | Friends sixty years; but not until the establish | Moravian .. ment of the commission on emigration | Shakers in New York city were the records kept | Brethren oo with proper care. Before that the pub- | Latter-Day ah lished returns somet.aves separated | Anti-Secret Society aliens from citizens and sometimes did | not, and so in regard to sexes. The | Lilinois . early records are, therefore, imperfect, Pow but for the las thirty years they have Prise been generally rocurate. | toy In point of fact the whole 50,000,000 | yeeouri.. of white and black people in the Union | [ndiana are emigrants or descendants of emi- | Minnesota grants, The Indians are the oniy | Kansas . natives. The records show that the | Nebraska total emigration to this country since | Colom o.cunsesssusnsrnnraesss the Revolution comes up (including | citizens in some years) to nearly eleven | millions of people. for the most part of | the best bone and sinew of the lands Calilornia . they left, | Oregon ACTUAL EMIGRANTS Of ALIENS MAKING THEIR | Nevada HOMES IN THE UNITED STATES FROM JULA 1. 1856, ro Junk 30, 1880, 8. Total. 71.603 59.464 12.644 1,179 144 BiG 84,638 39.186 19,865 2,904 12,827 6 576 6,156 4.854 4,363 60,258 SOR 230 i. .« 131,283 . 63,139 71,688 36,667 70 evens 2,043,046 Lees 2.108 308 761,751 167,180 136,920 112 810 RG 823 57.037 51,068 41 100 ay 32.388 30.964 17,236 113,479 11,200 10,861 10,026 9,681 4,438 3,508 Total . : 5,857,025 WHERE DO THEY GO TQP The destination of emigrants has been 402.491 133,361 28 286 11,597 3,514 I SHES 8 we pe Bi {| Universalist . ipiritnalist Cn LGR MG de pr we BS 2 365,920 201,018 191,856 85,360 71,297 48.822 75,368 23 672 22,459 * 3,950 “deans , 220,026 Total . : PACIFIC STATES. 945 2,508 40.317 7.080 { Utah. ... Emi- | Other Te grants | - eer 1 ToWliciasssensrinsneniisenans Aliens WITHERS STATES, Departed anmhss eran anes Actual Aliens Emi De. grands. paried. Alien Passen- €rE. Years. 106 2387 = 1830 to 15834.. 1836 to 1839, . 1540 to 1844... 1845 1846. 1847. 1848. 1849. 1850. 1851 18562. | 1853. 1864. 1845, 1866. 1867. 1858. 1869. 1860, 1861, 10,691 | Virginia 17,112 | Kentucky -.. | Lonisiani. . ccesenv anne | South Carolina : | TONDEBBOO ..vsresrrssnsssrasnvsnns « | hoor . casnsans 1 TORRE 40s tare aaan | North Caroling ...... Mingissippl. oo ooo Alabama... Arkansas . | Florida «conve os .“ | West Vieginif. cove oon 230,442 307,839 6G 746 400,081 3.313 114,371 154,416 234,068 226,527 as rus i 207,024 S364 080 370 466 371,608 . “dead ENR 360.645 . .riaean an | TOL ox so vse 427,833 ahage wens “sas | LOCATED IN 200,877 200,036 250,882 122 872 121,076 163.418 01,823 01.826 176 214 vad en i 193.416 03.185 .... svanne } 248,111 247 463 1,806 Number 1,672,842 303,806 509,249 1,226,026 106,237 50 848 AgErogate .. .. 3,837,508 100.00 1864, Of the remainder, 70,881 went to 1866 | Canada, 1,437 to New Brunswick, and Jan to | the others to the West Indies, South June. 167,767 166,112 | America, Australia, China snd other 1867... 303,044 208,067 273 463 | foreign countries; and of 92,788 the des- 18083, 258,088 353,100 260 813 | yination was not ascertained, The vast 1869... 363,074" 363,708 316,029 | umber set down to New York must in- ya sa eS 391 3 oan | clude a great many who had not deter- | 1872... 422978 404 806 2% 12 | mined upon their permanent location. | 1873 4737141 459,808 401.781 | The principal occupations of the adult 1874... 327.40 813,339 240 003 | emigrants arriving in 1879, as far as 1875... 244,632 227.4908 134 744 | known, were: Musicians, 341; clergy- 1876. 180,901 169,080 106 373 | men, 320; teachers, 203; artists, 140; 1877. 166,010 141 867 69,954 | physicians, 135; actors, 41; architects, | 1878 .. 187,776 138,460 73.014 | 16; chemists, 43; druggists, 44; dentists, | 1879, 197,054 177.826 135,825 | 91; editors and journalists, 21; en- | 1880... 484,196 457,267 gineers (civil), 22; engravers, 61; law- Betore yers, 39; painters, 25; photographers, 1340.» 98; sculptors, 43; surgeons, 16. The whole number of professionals was 1.512 males and 124 females. In other businesses the larger numbers were: Carpenters and joiners, 2,769; clerks, 1,724; miners, 2,472; shoemnkers, 1,119; tailors, 1,062; farmers, 21,809; laborers, 36,807; merchants and traders 4 861; perfect, but taking the aggregate for servants, 6.804 (6.352 females). The ag- | forty years we find as follows: gregate were as follows: ” Yom “ Per Om : Male. Frgin. Tolal. | yo Aes Males, Females. Total, Professionals ’ . 1,6 Underd, - - BME jon Swe Skilled workers ..... 20.728 634 104.58) 166838 Miscellaneous . 65,801 7,252 No occupation ...... 23,838 567,934 404, 340.755 Totals s. 110s veer 11,889 08,064 The whole number of passengers ar Sections. New York * | New England | Middle States . . | Western States. * | Pacific States and Ter.... | Southern Stes « co.cc cv ve 195 SAT 246,045 110 501 118,616 Kes On 150,337 40.99 8.25 14.83 31.95 3 «21 1863, 1864. 86,739 32,304 27.626 25 676 68.072 72 346 92,7564 63 613 74 903 54,666 42.001 378,600 Total. 10,643,422 5,024,492 634,469 The reader will observe that the last | three columns are fragmentary. We | have no means of perfecting them. SEX AND AGE. On these points the records are not ,6.9 21,362 j 10-18, - ~ 73,0563 4,003 He 1.67 BO7.800 1.014000 19°90 17.08 428074 ( - fh ay Hl 20 and under, Loi 080 | G0wegs, « + « 000,808 y Wo Ha oo SAAN riving in the United States for the year ending with June, 1880, was 534,465. Of these about 130 000 were by land passage from Canada, Mexico, ete., and in round numbers 435,000 by ses, of whom 302,000, or nearly seventy per cent, janded at New York. Boston, Philadelphia, Bal- timore and San follow in order of numbers, Ireland is no longer the source of the largest emigration, though the present agitation there will be likely to start the flood anew. In 1878, 1876 and 1876.79 England sent more to er countries than did Irelsnd, while within late years Germany sends the largest num- ber to the United States—much largest if we count Scandinavians Ger- yeanic, as is proper. According to Eng- lish statistios 2,415,000 persons left Ire- and from May, 1851, to the close of 1878, and of these ninety-five per cent came to America, The enormous emi- gration now arriving not only from the British islands, but from the continent of Europe, ins attracted wide attention and evoked much discussion as to its eflect upon our country. Already we have taken in over 10.000,000 of emi- grants; but we have room for a 100,- 100,000 in our vast territory. Let them come from all decent nations; ail we ask is that they shall, as soon as may be, become American citizens. Calculations have been made of the amount of money brought by emigrants, and $100 for each person hss been | thought to be within the mark. This would make $1,000,000,000 in cash ; but the bone and muscle that come with the gold and silver has been worth far more than that great sum to the inaustry and progress of the great republic se New York Herald. - I ————————————————————— I —— Type Founding in the United States. A foundry privcipally for German type, and which is believed to have been che first in this country, was eés- tablished in the year 1735, in German- town, & suburb of Philadelphia, by Christopher Saur (or Bower), a printer, who executed, in the German language, the first quarto Bilbe printed In America, as well as other valuable works. The progress of this indust has been attended with many ups an downs, as the following sum of facts respecting it will show: About | the year 1768, Mr. Mitcheson, a Beotch- | man, made sn unsuccessful attempt to set up a type foundry in Boston; and a imilar failure attended the effort of | Dr. Frank- | lin, in 1775, brou.ht from Europe to | America * the materiais for such a | foundry. but little use was made of | them. John Baine, an Edinburg type founder, sent a relative to this country with a plant for a foundry about the | close of the Revolutionary war,and soon | after came over himseil. They carried on the business until 1790, when, Mr. Baine having died, his kinsman returned | to Scotland. A Duteh founder is re- | ported to have settled in New York | shortiy afterward, who east Dutch and | German faces, which were considered | handsome; but he is said to have | tailed. Tn 1796 the art of type founding { may be said to have first fairly obtained | a foothold in this country, for in that | year Archibald Binny snd James Ron- | aldson (Scotehmen), the latter afterward | elected the first president of the Frank- {lin Institute, commenced the business | of type founding in Philadelphia. They | were successful trom the stat, enlarged ilities and the variety of futie | thelr facil | type to meet the growing demand of | printers’ trade, and materially improved the machinery snd tools used in the | work. The establishment founded by | them has had a continuous existence | from that day to the present, and now | probably ranks second to nome in the | world. In the succeeding twenty years, | type foundries sprang up in various | American cities—New . Boston, | Cincinnati, Buffalo, Pittsburg, Louis- | ville, St. Louis, ete. The first en | type-casting ruachine was invented by | Mr. David Bruce, Jr.. of New York, | and was patented March 17, 1838. He { improved this machine still farther, receiving patents therefor in 1843 and | 1845. It gave entire satisfaction, and is | now in general use in Awnerican found- |ries. Up to the year 1574 there were | three type foundries in Boston, seven in | New York, one in Bafdalo, three in | Philadelphia, two in Baltimore, two in | Cincinnati, one in Chicago (now in 1880 | there are five type foundries in Chicago), | one in Milwaukee, one in St, Louis, one | in Richmond, and two in California—in | all twenty-four. These foundries not | only supply the printers of the United | States, but most of the printers in | Canada, some in the Briush West | India islands, the Spanish and Danish | islands, Mexico and South America. | The quality of American type is affirmed to be equal, if not superior. to that of | any made in Europe.—Siafioner and | Printer. A Western Stock Sale. | They have their stock exchange and | mining board in the magic cities of the | far West, and their own peculiar way of | doing business, Buyers and stockhold- ers, also, have their own peculiar ways, | and these ways sometimes clash. A New | Yorker was seated in an office in Gunni- son City, Col, one day nol long ago, when a grizzly-looking old chap en | and asked if that was the place where | they sold shares of the White Horse | silver mine. Being assured he was in the office of the company he ob- | served : | “I've heard the White Horse spoken | of as being a likely mine.” “It certainly is. We took $10,000 worth of ore out in one day." “Phew! She must be just old rich- ness! How many men have ye got to | work?" “Oh, about three hundred.” “Have ye, though? Are the sheers going off purty lively?” “Shares are selling like hot cakes |and we have only a few ieft. Every- | body says the White Horse is a big in- i « \¥ Lat are sheers worth to-day?” “1 will sell you at 95, though I know | they will be worth their face value to- | morrow.” *“ No! i “i do.” | “Well, that's better, there's a hundred | shares which you sold my pard yester- | day for twenty dollars. 1 went over to | the mine, found nothing but a hole and | a dead mule, and I told him I'd come up |and get his money back or do some | shooting! I'm tarnal glad to tind them sheers has riz from 20 to 95. That will give my pard his money back and buy me a winter outfit besides. Here's the sheers, and now let me see the color of your money!” ‘* But, sir, we—" “ Pass out the cash!” said the oid man as he rested the end of his shooter on the edge of the counter. he company had’ left his revolver in his overcoat outside, and he ¢idn't be- lieve the New Yorker would slioot for him. After a look around he began counting out the money with a bland suiile, and as he made the exchange he said : “Certainly, sir—greatest of pleasure, gir. Sorry you didn’t hold them one day more and get the full face value!™— Ball Street News. You don't reallyjmean 957" A Christmas Card Prize, London Truth offered a prize of $10.50 for the best verse for a Christmas card. There were many competitors, and the prize was taken by a young lady with the following: ,: What shail my greeting be this Christmas. tide? Health, eal and happiness? And yet be- side. Think of thy dearest wish, what e'er it be, And that, be sure, is what I wish for thee.” General Garfield is forty-nine years old, His motherlis stil alive, in her lhsieth year, of what it leaves. 1 pick the honeyed clover 1 hat blossoms at my feet; Ah, me! long years are over Since first [ found it sweet, gathered into sheaves, . And wy heart stands still a moment 10 think of what is leaves. The sadness aad the swestness I ponder o'er and o'er; Nor sighing nor the gladness Is us it was before. 1 hesr the erisp corn rustle that's gathered dress, The gods who dwelt in ieir Olyrpia’s height Lived anly for dee eve sui lore delight is Love is enough. Why should we care for fame? - Amb tion is a most anplessant’goest; 1t lures us with the glory of a name Far trom the Lappy bausts of pesce and rest, Let us stay bere in this secluded place Made beautiful by love's endearing grace! Love is coough. power? It brings men osly envy and distrust, The poor world’s homage plesses bat as hour, And earthly honors vanish in the dust. The grandest lives are ofttimes desolate; Let me be loved, snd let who will be great. Love is enough. Old love may die; new love is jes! ss swrel, And life is fair snd all the world complete; Love is enough! When your opponent calls Jet him have the floor.— New A : bent pin. said to the man: * Fish will never caught with that.” * Aye, they will” the man replied, * if they'll only take it into their heads.” 2 “Shall we fSance?” asks the Standard. Ifyou stepon a ee or run your shin bone against a rock- ing chair, when in search of the sooth ing syrup, you will dance without nske ing any qu Rochester Herald. The room was poorly lighted; He conldn’t see, he said And when he tried to kiss her mouth He bit ber nose instead. — Peoria Trasscripl. eo fed ii 5 ; E § § i According to Professor Tait, a flash of lightning ten milesin length has been recorded by a trustworthy The Toriery-geunners of France have Rafhel nano of a prise of $2 000 for urpose of encouraging into the nature of celery-rust, and the discovery of a remedy. The adulteration of tea is carried on extent. M. Huszen, an finds that a great are used as adulterants, such as Prus- sian blue, indigo, gypsum, chromate of lead, arseniate sulphate of iron, stemite, carbonate of lime, car- bonate of magnesia, plumbsgo and kaolin. The Chinese o mix with tea the Jleaves and flowers other plants. In bamboos, tle flow of sap takes place at the begioning of the rainy season, but vigorous shoots rarely grow before the thunder-storms, which gener- ally precede the harvest. The rapidity of their growth increases Ww violence o! the storm, amounting to us much as seventy fee, within thirty days in some instances, the vegetation most setive during the night. These facts offer a curious confirmation of the experiments of Doctor oa the influence of electricity uscn plant growth. It is well known th tube open at both ends, be held over a jet of burning hydrogen, a m sound is produced, the pitch and of which vary with the , thick- ness and diameter of tue tube. It has if a long dry the safety lamp used it near a telephone with another telephone in the manager's office. The al‘e-ation of the to a ter or less admixture of gas with the air of the mine, would warn he man of the state of the atmo- phere in the workings. From observaticn made during Beary twenty years in a forest in the Jura, it sppests to be proved, first, that when light strikes the d without having been sifted by foliage, it stimulates production of carbonic acid in the soil secondly, that the growth of wood diminished when the underbrush is so thick and tall as to impede the of sunlight to the and its action on the
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