! Memorials H to the jj Father of o His | Country « ifr adage that republics are a 112 to A I ungrateful would seem to be completely refuted by the manner in which the I name and fame of George Washington have been commemorated at the ■ Areiry American capital. It is no exaggeration to say that no other hero of any age or nation has been HHBHH honored so conspicuously. The monuments, statues and other me morials whereby the first president has been given homage at the American seat of government are designed pri marily, of course, to honor the indi vidual ior his whole notable career. At the same time the versatility of the p. L m* g ■ > Greenough's Famous Statue of George Washington. many-sided Washington is emphasized 1 by some of the memorials which, by their character, call to mind, respec tively, his invaluable services as a cit izen, as a soldier and as a states man Ranking first, not only among the, tributes to the new world liberator, but also in all probability, among all personal memorials throughout the world is the great Washington Na tional monument—that imposing shaft of white marble rising on the banks of the Potomac river to besoeak the gratitude of the whole American people. This monument, which is the highest masonry structure in the world, and doubly impressive in its simplicity, is an obelisk and has a height of 555 feet. The foundation Is 36 feet deep and the walls of the colossal structure are 15 feet in (hick ness at the bottom, gradually tapering to a thickness of 18 inches at the top In the huge pile are stones contrib uted by 40 different states of the union and 18 American cities, as well as beautifully carved blocks of marble from Italy, Egypt, Greece, Switzer land, Japan, China, Siam, lirazil and other nations which took opportunity to pay tribute to the greatest patriot of all time. Gen. Washington was yet living when there first originated the plan lor providing this supreme testimonial to his military and political services As early as 1783 the congress of the United States resolved to erect a mar hie monument to the nation's idol, and it is said that Washington himself se lected a site the spot where the monu ment now stands. The project was re vived from time to time after the death ot Washington, but it was not until 1833 that practical steps were taken to carry out the undertaking. Funds were raised by popular sub scription. and in 1848 the corner stone of the towering structure was laid with due ceremony In 1855 the funds which had been contributed were ex hausted, the shaft having at that time attained a height of 152 feet. Work ceased and the project was at a stand still for more than a score of years, or until 1878, when the national legis lature appropriated money to com plete the masonry masterpiece. The completed monument, which repre sents an expenditure of more than $1,300,000, was dedicated a quarter of a century ago, on February 21, 1885. One ot the most famous of the me morials and one which has had a most remarkable history is Horatio Green ough's heroic statue in marble of George Washington This statue for years occupied the most conspicuous i tace on the plaza ot the United States Capitol, but latterly it has been re moved to the Smithsonian institution. The figure of Washington, scantily ar rayed. in the toga of a Roman senator, is represented in a sitting posture. The lett hand clasps a short sword and the right hand points toward heaven. On the granite pedestal is inscribed the famous tribute of Oen. Henry Lee: "First in War, First in l'eace, and First in the Hearts of His Countrymen." The history of this statue dates from the year 18. r i2 when congress author ized the president to employ the sculp tor Greenough to execute a full length statue The figure, which weighs fully 21 tons, was chiseled in Florence, Italy, and the problem of bringing It safely to America proved a most per plexing one. Commodore Hull was sent with a man-of-war to get the work of art, but he found that it would be necessary to rip up the ship's decks in order to place the cumbersome bur den in the hold, and he objected to doing this. Finally, a merchant vessel had to be chartered for the task and partially reconstructed. The statue was first placed in the rotunda of the capitol, but later was placed on the plaza. The figure, which cost Uncle Sam more than $42,000, has always been the object of more or less criti cism because of the lack of drapery. In Washington is one of the few horseback monuments ever erected to the memory of the foremost military leader ot his day The equestrian statue 01 Washington. conspicuous even m a city that boasts more such statues than any other community on the cont.nent —was produced by Clark Mills and was cast from cannon cap tured trom the British in the war of 1812. Gen. Washington, dressed in continental uniform, is represented as witnessing the battle of Princeton. His horse represented in this statue was The Washington National Monument on the Banks of the Potomac. modeled from one captured from a wild- herd on the prairie near Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Swinging Around the Circle. Washington believed in a president getting acquainted with his country, ! and in March, 1791, he set out on a tour of the southern states, riding on one set of horses 1,887 miles! and re ; turning to Philadelphia, then the capl | tal, .luly 6 Was Matured Statesman. Ueorge u uau.uiiuu was »« >u u >: old when he entered upon the oflict ot piesiuent CAMERON COUNTY PRESS, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1910 GENUINE LETTER OF WASHINGTON RECENTLY BROUGHT TO LIGHT I £j «?//%>/ &cr^/7^_d^s> Bj /ZL w fe^l £ ''%£ », Ifc II 1- /fa,v»>A% II ■ tf/ " I ' *9^'t*^/l^*3Z~-4*** i -«X^, *So*' 1, ajh # #.. %. "'*§?oZikk / II '; ' Fac-simlle of the Letter. / above letter from George Washington, expressing sor r-T.tdr.S row for the deatll n{ Gen - Knox has been in the family of Gen. Knox since it was re ceived from the first president of the United States. The present possessor of the document Is Orville Dewey Thatcher, a veteran of the civil war, now in the division of the auditor for the postofllce department. Mr. Thatcher received the letter from bis uncle. Rear Admiral Henry Knox Thatcher, a member of the So ciety of the Cincinnati, by whom the I Authorship 0 °f n Washington's n Farewell q Address fHERE does not seem to have been any unity of be , lief regarding the author ship of Washington's fare well address among some of the earlier historians, and much of the same con fusion has resulted from the various and contradictory statements regard ing Washington's retirement from pub llce life. A page from a letter writ ten to James Madison by Washington, in May, 1792, is to some extent an an swer to some of the statements which have been made from time to time. When all the facts in the case are arranged, there does not appear to be any mystery surrounding either the retirement of Washington or of the authorship of the historic address. Briefly, as the letter quoted In fac simile indicates, Washington had de cided to retire from public life before the tide of opposition to him had set in, and had determined to prepare what he himself entitles a valedictory aa dress. It is probable that no ques tion regarding the authorship of the address would ever have arisen had not the untimely death of Hamilton, who was slain In the duel with Burr, thrown his private papers into the hands of persons who were not ap prised of all the facts in the case. They, or some friends of Hamilton, about the middle of the last century, happened upon a draft of the address in the handwriting of Hamilton, and immediately spread the Intelligence that Washington's secretary of the treasury was the real author of the paper. Some historians, having In mind the wave of opposition to Washington which arose during his first term of office, and which became more bitter during his second term,- have Inti mated that the retirement of the ilrat president was merely the act of a man who saw that he had lost his popularity and had enough common sense not to linger where he had bo come unendurable. In 1792 Washing ton still was the popular idol. There has been no disagreement on that score among the historians, and it was on May 20 of that year, during this period of good will, that the Father of His Country decided to retire from public life. It was also at this time that he was.devising in his mind a dignified method of making this with drawal. The letter was among Madison's papers at his death, and some years epistle had been treasured as one of his most precious possessions. The Thatcher family is of old New England stock. Thatcher's island, at the end of Cape Ann, known by all mariners for its two huge lighthouses, was named for ona of the family. Samuel Thatcher, grandfather of Mr. O. D. Thatcher, was for many years the oldest graduate of Harvard, the oldest Mason and the oldest former member of congress. Mount Auburn cemetery on the outskirts of Boston, was the old Thatcher farm, settled by passengers of the Mayflower. ago was sold at auction in New York, bringing $1,325. and passing into the collection of one of the New York collectors. There is nothing in this letter to Indicate that Washington retired from public life on account of his un popularity, and, if it were necessary, would show that Hamilton was not the author of the valedictory address. Madison, appealed to in the letter just quoted, did find time to draw up such an address as Washington indi cated. This was submitted to the piesident, and the latter prepared a paper from it. This copy he sub mitted to Jay, at that time chief Jus tice of the United States supreme court, and to Alexander Hamilton, the secretary of the treasury. In forward ing the paper to Hamilton, Washing ton wrote: "Even if you should think it best to throw the whole into a dif ferent form let me suggest, notwith standing, that my draught may be re turned to me (along with yours) with such amendments and corrections as to render it as perfect as the forma tion is susceptible of; curtailed, If too verbose, and relieved of all tautology not necessary to enforce the ideas in the original or quoted part. My wish is that the whole may appear in a plain style, and be handed to the public in an honest, unaffected, simple part." Hamilton prepared a draft which Washington said he preferred to oth ers submitted to him. It was main ly a change in form, but Hamilton's paper is said to have differed much from the original. This draft was fol lowed by Washington, who wrote the address and then submitted the new production to Pickering, McHenry and Wolcott. These made few changes and these are said to have been, as Pickering has recorded, "regarding chiefly the grammar and co"- sl tion." Although the first letter to Madison on the subject bears the date of May 20, 1792, the farewell address was not given to the people until September 19, 1796. In the meantime, as has been shown, it was undergoing re peated alteration and improvement at various hands, yet the main ideas were Washington's, and the final draft not only was in his hand, but very largely was of his own composition. Washington Dissatisfied. floorge Washington had his periods of discontent like the rest of us, as is shown in a letter he wrote his brother soon after the Braddock cam paign: "I was employed togo on a journey in the winter which I believe few or none would have undertaken and what did I Bet by it? My ex penses borne. I was then appointed, with trifling pay, to conduct a handful of men to the Ohio. What did I get for that? Why. after paying myself the considerable expense in equipping and providing necessities for the com pany, 1 went out, was soundly beaten and had my commission taken from me. or. In other words, my command reduced under the pretense of an or der from home. I then went out and volunteered under Gen Braddock and lost all my horses and many other things. I have been on the losing or der ever since 1 entered the servlco two years since." p The Nate to Boj Cheap S ) J. F. PARSONS' ? CIIRESI RHEUMATISM LUNBMO, SCIATICA NEURALGIA and KIDNEY TROUBLE "f-OIOPS" taken Internally, rids the blood of the poisonous matter and acids which are the direct oauses of these diseases. Applied externally it affords almost In stant relief from palD, while a permanent ours Is being effected by purifying the blood, dissolTlng tbe poisonous sub stance and removing it from the system. DR. 8. D. 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Have something in the paper every issue, no matter how small. We will be pleased to quote you our advertising rates, par ticularly on the year's busi ness. i— —— l HUM MAKE YOUR APPEAL Q to the public through the ML columns of this paper. With every issue it carries its message into the homes M and lives of the people. Your competitor has his store news in this issue. Why don't you have yours? Don't blame the people for flocking to his store. They know what he has. 3
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