I WORLD OVER. W^jl
I | I
| -7O any observing tourist who might
journey around the globe the various
types of sea and river craft that he
would see on such a trip are as dis
tinctive as are the costumes of many
«if the countries he would travel through.
Few Americans there are who are not famil
iar with our present styles of water craft, such
tis the common row bout and sailing yachts, but
there are many who, if told that these boats set
■down 011 some foreign stream would excite con
siderable curiosity, would be greatly surprised.
However, if they would stop to consider that
these beats were evolved from the primitive
cralts of our forefathers and that the various
■condition in different landb would make these
lioits impracticable, the surprise would be some
what icnvi'.eiod.
let us consider the gondola of Italy, re
nowned in song and story, The gondola has
probabiy been drawn oltener than any other
lioat on record. Crunk and black and dismal, with
the bright steel beak on the lofty prow, this
boat (!o<-s not appeal so successfully to the nau
tical mind as it would seem to do to the artistic
and poetical one. Hut on the miles of canals
In the city of Venice this craft is peculiarly
adaptable. The gondola was formerly the only
means of getting about the city, but it is now be
ing displaced in part by small launches. The
ordinary gondola is ::0 feet long and four or five
feet wide, and is flat-bottomed so that the draft
Is light. The bottom rises slightly above the
water at the ends, while at the bow and st< rn
slender ornamental stem and stern pieces reach
to about the height of a man's breast. There is
■a covered shelter for passengers in the middle
rf the boat which is easily removable, in ac
cordance with mediaeval regulation gondolas are
painted black. The gondolier stands erect with
his face toward the bow and propels the boat
with a forward stroke, making his way through
the narrow and often crowded canals with amaz
ing dexterity.
'i hroughout the islands of the Pacific the ca
noe is a common sight. Strictly speaking the
canoe is a light boat designed to be propelled by
a paddle held in the hands without any (ixed
support, although in some cases canoes may be
sfen that have an auxiliary sail to be used under
favorable conditions.
The canoes most commonly seen in the waters
of the Hawaiian islands are built from a single
tree trunk hollowed out with an outrigger as seen
In the illustration. Wonderful sailors, too, are the
natives who in them often undertake long sea
voyages far out of the sight of land, and passing
from one island to another.
The canoes of Samoa are built of several
pieces of wood of Irregular shape fastened to
gether and cemented with gum to prevent their
leaking. The coasts of the mainland of Siam,
Burmah and China also swarm with canoes.
While the catamaran is a type of water craft
that may be seen in several countries, each type
a* a rule has its distinctive features. Tbe cata
maran is a favorite of the Chinese fisherman and
the larger streams of that oriental country are
well populated with these boats. They are con
structed of two narrow canoes fastened together
and propelled from the stern with a long, narrow
oar. In its; original form the catamaran consisted of
three logs, the middle one being the longest,
lashed together. It was used by the natives of
Ihe Coromandel coast, particularly Madras, and
also in the West Indies and on the coast of
South America.
The Fiji islanders developed the catamaran
idea in their war canoes, which consist of two
parallel logs joined together with a platform on
which a mast is placed. These boats are safe
and also very swift.
The flying proa of the Ladrone islanders is
another type of the catamaran made with two
hulls cf unequal size. The larger hull, which car
ries tbe rigging, is perfectly flat'on one side and
rounded on the other. On this are placed bam
boo poles projecting beyond the rounded Eirte,
and to their ends is fastened a boat-shaped log
one-half or one-third the size of the larger hull.
This prevents capsizing as effectually as the Fiji
double canoe. Roth ends of the proa are made
alike, and the boat is sailed with either end first;
but the out-rigger is always to windward.
Against a head of wind the proa is kept away till
the stern approaches the wind, when the yard
WHY THE BOY WAS BAPTIZED
At a little luncheon give;-, on the day before
bis departure for Europe to Joseph Cowen, the
Knglish Zionist, the subject of apostasy came up
and one man, to illustrate its prevalence, related
that only a few days ago the first child in the
home of one of New York's wealthiest Jews had
been baptized because "the parents hoped by that
means to remove an obstacle in the way of the
boy's progress." This recalled to another man
at tbe table a story told at Uasle by tbe lute
is swung around, and what was the stern be
comes the bow. Proas are from 40 to 65 feet
long and six or seven feet wide, and are said
to attain a speed of 20 miles an hour.
The junk is the distinctive type of Chinese
marine architecture, a somewhat unprogressive
science among the celestials. Even before the
Christian era, John Chinaman voyaged from
port to port in vessels of this build and rig. The
sails are made of matting and are reefed in
much the same way as a Venetian blind is
raised. The junk is built along the lines of an
oriental slipper with the curved keel for the
sole and the drop aft for the heel. The com
mon river boat or sampan is on the even more
familiar mcdel of the inverted fiat iron. The
modern large junk is a good sea boat and will
ride a severe typhoon in safety.
On the streams of India may be seen a type
of rowboat which somewhat resembles our
American craft. It is, however, of clumsy con
struction and the oars, which are lashed to
wooden uprights fastened to the sides of the
boat, overlap each other. The natives, however,
are expert in the handling of the craft.
In southeastern India, near the Strait Set
tlements, an odd sailing craft may be found.
This vessel is rigged with four sails, the larger
one set slightly to the front of the center, while
two others of still smaller design are set one
at the prow and the other midway between the
two. The smallest of the sails is rigged at the
stern and is intended to aid in steering the craft.
On the rivers of England and Ireland may be
seen several types of the wherry, which is very
popular In these waters. Oars are used to aid the
single sail in the smaller boats of this type but the
Portsmouth wherry, used in the open sea, has a
mainsail and rejoices in a topmast and a topsail.
The Turkish caique is a familiar object in the
Sea of Marmora and among the islands of the
Aegean. She is distinguished by her peculiar
mainsail, which is a combination of a fore-and
aft sail and a square sail.
Pages of interesting reading miKht be written
of the many peculiar boats' which may be found
the world over. While the essential principle
of boat-building must necessarily be similar, vari
ous nations and tribes have developed the Idea
along different lines until to-day the various styles
and types of water craft can be numbered by the
hundreds.
Dr. Thoodor Herzl. At a dinner party, so went
the story, given by Mr. Stocksen Ronds, a preco
cious child asked the father: "Do all people turn
into Jews when they grow old?" "No, my boy."
answered the father, who had renounced his faith
and become a Christian before the little fellow
was born; "no, my boy. why do you ask?" "Well,
father, we children are all Christians, you and
mother are Christians, but grandfather, who juat
came from Russia, he's an awful Jew."
! PUREJXFEjjj^I^
FIXING OLD CHAIRS
HOUSEKEEPER GIVES POINTER
ON ECONOMY.
Declares Work Is as Much Fun ao Fit
ting a Dress, and Explains Meth
ods Which She Found
Successful.
"Re-covering an upholstered chair
with pretty new material its as much'
fun as fitting a dress," observed an
ingenious housekeeper. She speaks
from very recent experience, fur rhe
lias just finished re covering an entire
family suite.
"My furniture wasn't in had cc<n
ditlon," she hastened to ray. "It was
merely shabby. So 1 ripped the old
covers off and cut new ones by them.
"Tape:,try is remarkably chtTfip, 1
found, and the clerks were very Di'O
about letting me lay my oitf covers ou
the material to see just how inwh 1 ,
wanted. One can't make odds and
ends of furniture tapestry tip info
neckties, you see, so it is foolish to j
buy an inch more than one needs.
"The reason 1 had such success in
covering my set is that I was very
exact about the work, and had ail the
materials that I needed right at hand
before I started out. There were a
few hollow places in the upholstery,
where the filling had matted together
or sunk in, so I had plenty of wadding
to fill them out. Then I bought enough
cotton cloth to cover the old lies Jig
before putting on my new tapestry
cover. Putting this on gave me expe- 5
rience so that I worked much kietter I
when I came to tack on the actual I
outside cover. The wadding that 1 '
used went between the old liniug awl .
the new.
"One could cover right over the <ld 112
tapestry, and.in fact, I did one chair I
that was still in good shape that way. i
1 had some cheesecloth which I pinned <
over the chair very carefully, and then j
; cut out as a pattern, allowing plenty j
for turning in at the edges.
"Cutting and lining the cover Is the
disagreeable part c? the task. Actually
putting it on is slow work, but not fit
all tiresome. Th" best, way is to lay it
in position on the seat of tha chair!
and pin it firmly in place at the (>aek j
edge. Then stretch it as firmly as j
i you can and putin plenty of pins along j
j the front. Now pin the sides across,'
| working over it until every wrinkle >
is removed.
"I was very careful with nry f'urni- j
ture to have all the corners folded
alike. When the cover is pinned as j
smoothly as possible, cut along the ]
edge, leaving about an inch to turn
in, and use more pins to fold it in |
with, if the material is not too r?v- j
elly, this turning in isn't necessary, be- (
cause the guimpe will cover it.
"Uuimpe will-cover a multitude of j
IN NOVELTY BORDERED ,
Material That Demands Much Care in
the Fashioning.
It requires some Ingenuity to fash- '
lon the novelty bordered silks into ef- |
fective gowns. The average dress
in! ".ser is apt to make a failure of «hetn !
unless she uses judgment in follow- (
ing out the models presented by the j
best designers. The skirts offer fewer !
difficulties than the waists, witich
should have the colored border
without giving it a patchwork ef
fect.
Nothing could be more charming
along this line than the suggestion
given here, which shows a clever
* ' I
manipulation of wide bordered foul
ard. The groundwork of the silk is
a solid color, and this serves for the
body part of the waistv while the deep
Kgyptjan border trims the top, bot'i
back and front, and makes th« sleeves.
I The unique feature of the cfesigan is
| the way ihe waist part :tmd the
! sleeves are made all in one piece, giv
, ing that long, continuous l'in<e to- the
I shoulders which is characteristic of ;
j kimono costumes, yet eliminates the
broad sleere part.
Between the top of the handsome
| border running across the front and
the back there 1b space £<»n a. white
sins, and I think it give.! a pretty fin
ish besides. If guirnpe isn't, used, one
needs brass-headed tacks to fasten the
material down with. Otherwise coin
mon lacks can be used, and one
needn't be too careful about distances.
I used carpet tacks to finish the thick
er plaits. For the guimpe, it is best
to get. the tiny upholstery tacks, and
one must put them in at exactly even
intervals to give the right finish. I
had a piece of cardboard to measure*
by and I marked the intervals with
chalk on the frame of the chair.
"Tufting the seat of a chair is al
most impossible for amateurs, so 112
didn't attempt it, but I found a fine
way to tuft the arms of my sofa. 1
saved the old buttons, and before send
ing them to be recovered with bits
of the new tapestry, I drove a sharp
sti.-el brad through the center of each
O:JC. Thou I measured the distances
ior !he places where thiy should go,
marked each one with a p! ce of
tailor's chalk, and drove the button
into placo with the hammer."
MADE UP IN NORFOLK STYLE.
Pretty Costume for Young Lady of
from 11 to 13 Years of Age.
Serge, fine tweed, or cloth is gener*
ally used for a costume of this de
scription. Our model is in a navy blu*
diagonal serge. The skirt is arranged
in deep plaits turning from the center
front.
The jacket is the regulation Nor
folk, and is lined with striped silk;
fancy enameled buttons are used for
fastening.
White straw hat trimmed with a
large how of blue silk.
Materials required: yards serge
and 3 yards lining silk.
I
j lace finiinpe. This reaches quite to
' the lips of the shoulders and Is
j crossed in bracer fashion by straps ot
velvet ribbon which hold the two bor
dered pieces together.
Alcohol for Oily Skin.
An oily skin is one of the most hu
! miliating thing one can have, it is
I simply impossible for a girl to look
j sweet and dainty when her skin is
oily. An oily skin seems to gather up
all the dust in the air, and for that
ivason it is «n undesirable possession
if for no other reason. Then when
the nose becomes oily it shines like a
beacon of light.
| Wipe the skin once or twice a day,
j as the necessity arises, with a little
| diluted alcohol. Dora?: also is excel
j lent, although one should always be
i careful not to use too much of this.
A few drops of ammonia in the water
occasionally will help, but a pinch of
borax added to the warm water is the
better of the two.
After wiping the skin with the di
luted alcohol powder it light.y but
thoroughly with a good and pure face
powder, and the skin will appear
much less oily.
Good Nature a Beautifier.
Good nature is one of the best beai?-
tifiers one could employ, for it bright
ens dull eyes, discourages approach
ing wrinkles, and brings a dainty pink
fliiKh to your cheeks. It doesn't mat
ter if you have a freckle or two or if
your eyelashes are scraggly; if yo»
have a happy, smiling face people wilJ
always call you pretty. This doesn't
mean that you must present! to every
one a mechanical smile which you can
turn on or off at. will, but it means that
you must just be good natured, and*
soon you will notice that your eyes
are laughing eyes, and that your
mouth makes a dainty Cupid's bow
■whenever you smilo-.
One of the first things to' remember
in beauty culture is expression. Every
one enjoys seeing a young or old"
woman with a bright Bmile and happy
[eyes, while the grumpy or whiny wom
an makes you want to run your fast
is! in the opposite direction.