'Public Domain of \/nited States and Canada The Vust Extent of Territory That Is Yet to B« Sot tied in North America. M UDGING from the sudden interest manifested by i JS American capital in Cana dian lands the general pub lie would imagine that the government lands in this country had been exhaust ed, and that the tide of immigration would necessarily turn to Canada. The fact is this country has a much greater area of surveyed government lands that are open to settlement than Canada has, but this has not prevented a comparatively heavy em igration to Canada within the past ten years. It is not a sudden rush of home-seekers into Canada that has attracted the attention of the press and the public by any means, but rather the sudden rush of American capital into Canadian lands. So far as the emigration to our northern neighbor is concerned, it has been going onto such an extent and for such a time that farmers from the United States are to be found in ev ery settled portion of the western provinces and territories, and in some sections constitute the bulk of the population. In the year 1900 16,000 people from the states crossed the border and settled in that section of Alberta territory lying between Cal gary and Edmonton, and this coun try has for some years been supply- r • ' S ■ < ' ' < , : V; : ' -y^-'''. ""' : ■' A SETTLER'S HOME IN WESTERN ONTARIO. Ing from 12.000 to 25,000 immigrants! to Canada, practically all of whom go | there to take up government land in j the west. The following table will give an idea of the extent of the government land open for settlement in this coun try, though a considerable part of the total is not fitted for agricultural | purposes, and much of it is of but j little value for any practical use at the present time: Unappropriated and unre.-erved. Statr? ar.d Territories. Acre >. Pur cent. Alabama . „}•'''' Artzor.a obi-it,.*:. ;}• Arkansas U,69t5,9W ll.ic California U.ll . >:3 -t-. • - I Co. >r Ido 39.7a5.551 69.5 i Florida Idaho 44,-'a,1)49 !>3.ljs Kun-a.- I.'mVi.nss I,ouislar.a 755,515 M.chlgai Minnesota 8,720,326 11.('7 Mississippi 353.950 1. Missouri 445,1111 l.i)- Mor.taiia Nebraska W,s+s tW» a .IT Nevada 61.3£5.«'9 J57.23 N w Mexico 64.bu0.795 O.T'i North Oakota 20.574.013 45..S- Oklahoma 222 24.31 Oregon 35.k97,MJ'J C 5.25 South Dakota 12,784.426 26.50 Utah 45,570,'66 M 1.4:; Washington 13.442,683 31.49 Wisconsin 412,799 1.17 Wyoming 49.035,6t>3 75.54 Total, exclusive of out lying territories 673.994.&V1 "".-1 Alaska S69.S2fi.'>4l IWi.OO Hawaii 1,772,b5w 41.71 Total 9-15,193,510 41.57 This does not include the lands set aside for Indian reservations, timber reservations or for national parks, which contain another 145.000,000 acres, and much of which will in time be open to settlement. lint though we still have many mil lions of acres of land open to set tlement, and which the government is willing to give to desirable appli cants, and though we are still at tracting the greater part of the im migration from Kurope, we cannot deny that the tide is turning some what to Canada, nor that many of our own citizens are evincing a pref erence for homes across our northern border. I received a striking illustra tion of this fact during a visit paid to the immigration department at Winnipeg. The great shed-like build ing devoted to the work of this de partment was packed with the peo ple of virtually nil nations at the time, and among them was a goodly sprinkling of \tneriean.s. Mr. ,1. O. Smith, the iinini'friition commissioner at Winnipeg, said to me that very nearly one-half of the home- eeker* going into the western province were from the states, and it wa ca»y to Imagine tin from the fact that though I'i different languages are spoken by the employe* of the de part incut at Winnipeg, the Kugli-h toiitrue could be heard above the general jargon that got on ill th» time. The western portion of < anuda, ly ing Ik two ii the eastern la*Ul-d.(ry of M iititoba and the Itocky mount tin*, contain• a moili -.mailer amount of UU "tiled I nd that ha - be in »Uf- veyed than is found in this country, though a larger portion of it is adapt ed to practical purposes. The fol lowing figures, furnished me by .Mr. Smith, show the amount of unsettled land in the various organized prov inces and territories in western Can ada: Arpa in Aorengo square open to Province or Territory. miles. Settlement. Manitoba TAW, 4T.H31,810 Asslnabola 89.535 57.302.4^0 Saskatchewan 107,49] 68,588,880 Alberta 10(5.100 MT.iM.OOO Athabasca KM."**) 66,8X0.000 Total 151.183 2vT.86T.120 In presenting these figures, Mr. Smith explained that it represented the total of "good agricultural land," and is probably a larger total of this class of land than can be found still open to settlement in the United States. From this total, however, must be made several deductions be fore we get at the exact number of acres the government has opened up for homestending. In the first place, the general total contains 23.000,000 acres owned by ihe Canadian Pacific railway, which is for sale at the usual price of railway lands. An other 7,000,000 acres are owned by the Hudson l'ay company, secured by that corporation as a part remuner ation for waiving their disputed title to the entire country. This com- prises two sections in each surveyed towjtship, and is held at a compara tively high price, tlie Hudson l'ay company's land commissioner ex plaining to me that as the land did not represent any money investment, and as it cost them nothing to hold it, the company could afford to keep it until such time as the efforts of the government and the railway had developed the country to the point where the land became of even great er value. The argument probably represents good business philosophy, though it sounds selfish, and un doubtedly is so. One-half of all that remains, representing the odd-num bered sections, are reserved by the government for railway purposes, it being agreed that the railways shall be recompensed for the building of lines of transportation by the allot ment of land grants. But, even with these deductions made, Canada has a vast amount of AT THE DOOR OF THE WINNIPEG IMM:GKAIION 01-MCE. land which she is gi.iug away to the colonists from this country, from (ireat I'.ritain, from Ireland, from Vustria. fr' ni tiermany, from Russia, from Denmark, from Iceland, from Sweden, from .Norway, and from sev eral other nations. Then, too, if we were to include in thit estimate of government land in Canada all that great portion that is vet unsurveved. but which has u climate that is not unsiiitcd to tint nee I, of agriculture, and add to this the remaining government lands in Ontario, ami other more eastern prov» incc*, we can easily imagine room enough not only to upport all the immigration which the Dominion will attract for many year to come, but vMlcient to permit of the operations of all) number of Nmericnn land yi»- dieatcK. Ihe northwest territories .in alone 'I times a> larv<- a» Ilia IHiteil Kingdom, and this does not iin Inde Manitoba The population of th« et< i ritori' it the pre . lit time i not over 'U0.600, but it I growing at till) rale of eh e |u Jlfl;' 'annually. WItIUHT A fATTt liSuN. CAMERON COUNTY PRESS, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 11, 1902. REVIEW OF THE FASHIONS, La t rut lint Mo lid*—Ka tlry Stii tin ga rret I»• 11 o<li c e 11— Milliner j- Flnery, lite. Among the latest hat models from Paris are those of black Lyons vel vet, trimmed with draperies of Black Chuntilly laee, black velvet rosettes anil black enamel buckles set with sparkling French brilliants, reports the .New York l'ost. Tailors and dressmakers are using buttons to decorate skirt seams, bodices and coats. A choice set of buttons, which have a practical use assigned to ihetn, add to the appear ance of any gown or jacket, but few decorations are in worse taste than buttons for which there is no real use. Hand painted buttons from French, and particularly those of Louis XIV. design are much sought after just now and command a very high price. Flecked materials are among the season's fancy suitings. A black wool costume is dotted with silky white and green flecks. A blue frieze shot with green forms another costume. A smart gown of blue serge is made with a plain, gracefully hung skirt and a tliree-tpiarters military coat frogged with braid, the collar faced with a rare shade of deep red velvet. The French sailor hat, en suite, is of a soft red felt trimmed with dark blue quill feathers and blue velvet draperies and elioux. Many bodices tire made so as to give a cape-like effect, and the trim ming carried round the figure below the shoulder points produces the slant which is now fashionable. A pretty sleeve used frequently with these waists is made with a short, full puff at the shoulder. The ma terial is somewhat closely gauged to near the elbow, and, there being re leased, forms a rather short frill which covers the point. Fancy un dersleeves may be added, or close-fit ting ones of what the dressmakers term "self" fabric. Yokes to other bodices grow deeper; indeed, not a few divide the corsage in half—a fashion to be strictly avoided by women with sliort-waisted figures. Some of the adjustable yokes fall low on the top of the arm, like a sleeve pap, and this style in lace, net, silk, or other textile is known as the "dip yoke." Basques to jacket bodices arc in creased in length, and if they do not meet in front folds of soft silk con fine the waist. Lines of featherbone itre set beneath these folds to keep them in place, and a handsome buckle measuring three or four inches in length confines them on the left side of the figure. Birds* breasts anil wings are con spicuous on the latest French hats. Some very picturesque hats of large size are to be seen—a number in beaver, but the majority of fine French felt or draped silk. Yerv long full ostrich plumes trim them effectively. Soft neutral colors are preferred for such hats, dove gray for example, also pule tan, biscuit, or ecru color, with velvet and feath ers in golden brown, sable, dark green or wine shades. Many of the flat hats of dark colored straw are almost covered with leaves in autumn colorings, intermingled with velvet foliage in dark brown, russet, and various beautiful shades of green. To look well such a hat requires a costume strictly in harmony with it. HOWBETTY MADE MINCE MEAT A Formula Which May Serve to In form Ho line keeper* tVlio \ever Have Tried 11. 15ettv planned to make a good sup ply of mince-meat. It would keep through the winter, and .lack had a weakness for mince pies. Since Het ty had mastered pastry, she felt that pies would give very little trouble. So she went vigorously to work ston ing raisins, shredding citron, clean ing currants and Sultana raisins, and boiling and chopping beef, writes Christine Terhune Uerriek, in Suc cess. Of this beef she bought a lean piece, weighing a generous pound. This she boiled and minced, and put with it half a pound of beef-kidney suet, which she had freed from ■strings and crumbled. Two and a half pounds of tart apples were peeled, cored, anil chopped, and this, with a pound of seeded and chopped raisins, a pound of well-cleansed cur ■tints, half a pound of Sultanas, care fully picked over, a scant half-pound of finely-shredded citron, and a pound and a quarter of brown sugar, was mixed with the bee' and suet. Then in went the spices. A table- Hpoonful each of cinnamon and mace, half a tablespoonful each of cloves and allspice, half a nutmeg, grated, unit a heaping teaspoon fill of salt were stirred in, and last of all a pint I of eider was putin to moisten the ; mince-meat. When it came to this I stage of the proceeding, Hetty dis carded her wooden spoon, washed her ; hands again, rolled her sleeves above her elbows, and plunged her plump hands into the mixture, beating and j stirring, until she was surf the com- I pound vwis thoroughly blended. Then I she turned the initio meat out of the ! biff yellow bowl in which sin* had made it 111111 into a tone crock with a cover and ft it in a corner of her j cellar. Ml* Iniaalnt. "I suppose," uid the stone-cutter, "y mi will want 'ltequielcat in puce'on j four wi 112 i 1 in on nine nt?" "No," n>« pii.d the bereaved Mr. lienpe.k, ••Make it 'ltfijulefco.' " "That menu* 'I tilt ill peace,' due n't It','" "Ye», I mitl j. ui. to IK 1. thai 'Jiuahui.il.' j t'Uiiuik Ijil.ia Utrruril, Methods of Hold-Up Men of the Past and Present Police Officials Say It Is Modern Methods of Punishment That Make Train Robbers To-Day. 112"~ ™~ — ~""""• The question NSgSf Is not the modern ssliold-up man more ftfA. '/ Rn- daring than the old t.vpe of bandit gSSf Bvfla that infested the | plains, and of EmU \ IjßMfflt whom so much T ' ias been written fifwtfi 1 WfJ in magazines and vjjr ( books? At this 1 'i /I time, when maga j II I z ! .ies continue to * present vivid bi ographies of prominent old-school "gentlemen of the road" and their va rious methods of outlawry, touching upon their peculiar daring, reckless ness, ingenuity, and gentlemanly ad tlress, and the newspapers o'f the day are filled with accounts of modern hold-ups, the query is not wholly out of order. Opinions upon the subject are various. The highwaymen who were the ter ror of the west and southwest in the days when the best trails through the wilderness and plains were those known only to themselves, had things pretty much their own way when they attempted a raid. They were the prac j tieal masters of the vast barren do main outside the settlements, and per sons who carried gold or other valu ables a few miles into the open, simply ventured into the outlaws'trap. Dur ing the hold-up, every circumstance 1 favored the robbers; and capture and punishment tit the hands of the law j were but remote possibilities. The ! highwaymen seldom met with resist ance, /or they maintained reputations for dealing summarily with belliger ent victims. The disregard which t hey had for human life when the pinch of occasion seemed to them to demand radical action, was always a matter for horrible contemplation to the pub lic; yet their nice judgment in the mat ter (for they seldom killed a victim for mere wantonness) had to be ad mired, too. (There were, of course, exceptions to the latter rule, especial ly in the later "crop" of "bad men" that infested the plains ax may be found in the case of "Billy the Kid," who shot men "just to see them kick." "Hilly the Kiel," however, was an un professional product of the cities, ha v ng at one time been a Chicago boot black or newsboy.) But the real old type of the * 3' >andit was a master robber, * did not disgrace, so far as gentlemanly be ' havior went, the calling of his kin, the 1 gentlemen bandits of Italy and other 1 European countries. Altogether, such ; fear and unrighteous respect as their ' ingenious and appalling mastery of ! the situation commanded, was chiefly 1 jue to the fact that owing to the wild, unsettled nature of the country, and ! the inadequacy of the police protec ; lion, they could seldom be appre ; hended. From this it may be argued that the modern robber, who plies his trade under the very nose of the law, 1 is more daring—that the profession of ■ robbery in civilized localities demands a greater degree of nefarious bravery than existed on the plains. When I asked the Chicago chief e>f ' police if modern hold-up men do not - !j! A QENTLEMANLY HOLD-UP OF THE PLAINS. | exhibit the greater daring, thief j O'Neill replied: "Well, I would not say that maybe i he is more "nervy." The modern hold up ha.-n't very much fear of the law, because, as a ustlul thing, lie's been through the process of punishment one or more time*. Here in 111 ill< ■ i» ; we have a peculiar system of humnnc j punishment. I'miiehment for this •la * of crime* seldom turns out to be j very severe. i"The police of ( hit-ago kin vv that there are dangerous habitual eriiu -1 iliuls at lit r i»; we meet tlleni . n tlit street, every day. Hut to tiring them lo punishment, they iiui-t br caught, jof eour In omr overt net; testimony ' against them must be convincing; it in Beee***rj that there shall be a pt i - • latent complainant who will folli.w 'the mailer through evrrt court (for 1 lUubty |i .1. out? ui lllvi l>y Utl) i ' ' means where money is potent, fair or otherwise); and after all this is ac complished—why, the prisoners may be convicted and sent to jail for a few months, with a good chance of being released on one pretense or another before their sentences are finished. The theory that it is better that 100 guilty men should escape than that one innocent man shoulel suffer, is no doubt sound in theory; and, theoret ically, prisoners should be given every possible chance to reform; but it's a system that keeps the police busy. I don't pretend to know all the methods by which prisoners are "let off," but I do know that the first thing the police tire aware of, they meet fellows on the A SAMPLE OR MODERN METHODS. street that they supposed were in jail. It's a good deal like pouring water through a sieve and dipping it up and pouring it through again. Under these conditions it is little wonder that criminals arc nervy. A few months in jail means good care, good food, a nice rest from life's cares and a picnic gen erally. Looking at it in this light the modern hold-up doesn't have to be very brave or daring." "It is reported that the railroad and 'oive offered to pay .>I.OOO hereafter to any trainman w no shall kill a train robbery. What effect tlo you think that will have? Will it decrease the number of train robber \ ies?" Chief O'Neill was asked. "No," was the reply. "The fact that they would have to stand up and be ! shot at did not deter men from crowd ! ing the enlisting offices for permission ! to light in the Philippines. No more | are criminals deterred from their en- I terprises through fear of bullets. They have the first "drop" on their \ victims, and that is what counts most; i they are willing to take the chance on j that basis." When seen at the Harrison street station, (apt. Evans turned back over I his books and announced that from | November 1 to November 24 25 young J fellows who had been in reform school, had been brought before him for iden i tification. The crimes with which they I were charged included the boldest rob \ beries and the shooting of policemen. "These young fellows." said Capt. Ev ans, "are the worst criminals we have. They have absolutely no regard for life. They don't realize the enormity I of the crime of killing a human being. They will hold up a man, and perhaps shoot him or anyone that interferes when they don't know whether the vic tim's got .">0 cents or not. The profes ; sional robber doesn't elo things that way. He may shoot a man; but lie's got to know that there's something in it for him worth while. I think, on the | whole, that criminals have degener ated in their policy a utl meth«*ls. It used to be that only a robber who was a master mechanic would attempt to open a safe. Now any ordinary crim inal can do the job with a little soap and some nitroglycerine. To be sure, he ruins the safe and maybe blows a hole in the side of the building, but he gets the boot v. which is the main thing lie is after. It used to be that when a farmer wanted to dig out an ugly stump, he hitched several teams to it ! and tugged away until he brought it I out. Now he puts in a little piece of | dynamite and docs the work a good | deal quicker. The same thing is true i of the criminal. The building of great | public works is i lie thing that teaches all classes the use of explosives and the criminal profits by the knowledge along with the honest Ann. The build itjg of the drainage can a I.for example, taught idlers the use of dynamite." In summarizing, it may be said, then, that the old-time highwaymuu of the plains, while lie was almost sure, if captured, to get ill the puthwuv • 112 a bullet or run his head into a ii""»e, committed his astounding feats of i lawl«'-nee« in comparative safety, be j cause lie had a {.'■• oil chance of evading the sheriff. The modern hold-up man nourishes under exactly the opposite condition*, t apture sooner or later ik prcltv certain; but punishment m less severe and. if we may believe wl.al we hear, in some instances even invit> lag t.. a 11..m vv i-a r v ..f tin v n-i -> n in,« » ul a robber's existence. HILTON M MiKa I SURVEY OF GRAND CANYON. Part lon In r* Rrsciirillttg of Ik* Muuilcrful Features of Thil» I niqui; lli'Kion. The demand from scientists and tourists for au accurate and detailed map oft lie famous cannon of the Col orado in Arizona lia.s led to a resurveyi of tliis unique region by the United States geological survey, under the charge of Francois -Watthes, topog rapher, .stales the Washington Post. I'he grand canyon, formerly reached only by a stage route over a ert country, has recently been nu> e ac cessible by a branch line from Wil liams, and during the one year that this road has been in operation the canyon has been visited by thousands; of tourists. In the magnificence of its proportions and the grandeur of its scenic attractions the canyon bids fair to rival both the Yellowstone park and the Yosemite valley. The United States geological sur vey expects to publish a series of atlas •s-heets covering the entire extent of the Grand canyon proper, and consid erable areas of the high plateaus in either side. The first of these sheets', to be known as the Bright Angel, i-» nearly completed, and will be avail able to the public some timenextsum mer. It includes - almost all of the scenery visible from the Bright An gel hotel, familiar to every visitor. The Colorado river traverses from east to west the quadrangle repre sented by this sheet and divides it al most symmetrically. The new map will be on a scale of one mile to the inch, and the contour interval will be 50 feet. It will show every pinnacle, spur and gully in its true proportions, and each line of cliff and terrace may be traced along the canyon walls. The dimensions of the Grand can yon have been the subject of much discussion ever since it was explored. Jt may, therefore, be of interest to give some figures taken from this new survey. The average width from rim to rim does not exceed ten miles throughout the Kaibab, or widest sec tion of the canyon, and frequently narrows down to eight miles. The river »oes not occupy the middle of the gigantic trough, but flows at a. distance varying between one and three miles from the south side. Practically all of the magnificently sculptured pinnacles and mesas (the so-called temples), lie north of the river, and at distances of from five ti» seven miles from the view points usu ally visited by tourists. The death of the Grand Canyon, in one way, has been overstated, in another under stated. Measured from the south rim, the total depth is considerably less than a mile. From the rim at the Bright Angel hotel, where the altitude is o,Bl>o feet above sea level, to the liigii water mark of the river at the foot of the tourist rail, the drop is 4,430 feet. The highest point on the south rim at the Grand View hotel is 7,496 feet, the north side, however,**Vifd the water level averages considerably over a mile, and in many places even exceeds 0,000 feet. It may be stated in a general way that the north rim is from 1,000 to 1,200 feet higher than llie south, thus producing that high, even sky line so striking in all views obtain able by the tourist. The figures here given are based on spirit levels run in connection with the map work. They are the first that have ever been run to the bottom of the chasm, and the high standard of accuracy maintained throughout will cause them to be con sidered authoritative anil final. REGULATION LEGAL FARCE. Talexnuut Knew a Mail Who Had DaiiKcniliH Kiiowteiiue of (lie Ojipo.'wi iik ( oil■■ (tel. The prospective juror was under examination by the attorney for the defense, relates the Brooklyn Kugle. "Have you expressed an opinion ou the merits of this case?" "Xo, sir." "Have you formed sueli an opin ion?" "Xo, sir." "Have you read of the case?" "No, sir." "Do you know anyone who has formed an opinion?" "Well, I can't just say as to that.'* "Ah! now we're beginning to get down to interesting facts. You think it possible that you may know sueli a person?" "1 think it probable." "Yes, yes, of course, and do you know anyone who has read about the case?" "1 know a man who lia.s a cousin who works on a newspaper and reads starly everything." "11a! then you have some connec tion with a man who presumably has read about the ease and formed an opinion! We'll get at the whole truth presently. Now, sir, do you know the prosecuting witness or any of his lawyers?" "No, sir." "Do you know anyone who doca know them?" "We—ell—" "Speak up! Speak up! Don't try to conceal anything" "Well, I know a man whose wife's brother once worked for the father «if one <«f the lawyers." "Challenged for cause!" cried tl.a attorney for the defeuse triumphant ly A \\ ii rit I iim. •'Your ilie |*hpi*nol«»^ii»| to tin- auxioii-i jsirentk, "will 10-coma U J>» »•>1- J Here the rath, r interrupts with <ia ulr of deep concern. "But it on* i you think we could eur# him right now if we would wha>k that poetical butup with a »ledge or vomettiiiig lika that?"— BailiiuvlS 11
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