I Some Views on Journalism I
By ST. CLAIR McHELWAY,
Editor of the Brooklyn Eagle.
HE newspaper in a commercial sense is a paying and
fZPf | receiving teller! It takes in and it gives out news.
I The first work is reporting. The second is publish-
M ing. The head of the first is the City Editor. The
CSSngSflnS head of the second is the Business Manager.
i> rVf I There are many other aspects in which journal-
SIIIPII .1 —M jsni can he regarded. Hut the art and duty to get
in and to give out news may be said to he the primary and indis
pensable work. Without news, views or editorials would*be birds
without wings. Without circulation, news and views both would be
birds in cages, lacking even air.
Not that the other aspects of journalism are to be slighted.
Reporting and publishing goto the existence of a newspaper as a
body. Editing is the soul or character of that body; but the body
is before the soul. The body is the tenement of the soul. Ihe soul
is the spiritnalization of the bodv, its life. It may make the life of
the journalistic body bad or good or "middling," but it is the life,
benign, malign, or a mixture of both.
Journalism can make its own resources or can draw some of them
as plunder from the government fountains, by getting politicians to
tap them for it. IT CAX BE I'REE OR SLAVE. Free journalism
is independent. Slave journalism is organic. Both kinds abound,
but the former kind has prosperity and power. The latter kind may
or may not have prosperity. It cannot have power, for those who
can control its subsistence can control its will.
A paper that from its own undictated labor and independent
thought can keep ahead of debt "pays." If it is a slave, the whim
of its masters or its own skill in debasement will be the measure
of its case. IT WILL NOT "PAY." IT WILL ONLY "BE PAID."
It may make its own adversity. Its prosperity, if any, will be made
by others who can unmake it at any time. It may even be unmade
by the failure of its masters. A paper which thrives when its party
wins and goes lean when its party loses is in reality a thrall and a
beggar. But one which makes its own living, by its own merits,
out of its own public, is a success, whether a country weekly or a '
metropolitan daily.
BUT THERE IS A SUCCESS WHICH IS SHAME. And
there can be a failure that is honor. That is a success of shame which
coins dollars out of demagogy of tone and bestiality of news. That
is a failure which is honor that refuses to do so, to its own loss.
RIGHT, HUMAN BETTERMENT IS THE THING TO SEEK,
WIX OR LOSE, SUCCESS OR FAILURE, just as duty is the
thing to do, "happiness" being only a result from pure conditions,
not a thing in itself to seek.
In modern business it is difficult to live a Christian life, to escape
the contamination that surrounds the attempt to gain a livelihood.
The first hindrances which
rA come to us are from the nature
A CHRISTIAN LIFE AND of our calling and appeal either tj
I MODERN BUSINESS our ambitions, our passions or
I our covetousness.
1 By RT. RF.V. ARTHUR L.WILLIAMS. I , THE MAJORITY OF Mil'.
[ Coadjutor Uisbop of Nebraska, Episcopal GRE A T C<)RPO RAT 10XS
V J WHICH EMPLOY LARGE
NUMBERS OF MEN THE
BANKS, THE FACTORIES, THE RAILROADS—ARE HARSH
TO TIIEIR EMPLOYES.
How is it that they have acquired this harshness in view of the
fact that the heads of these corporations usually began life at the
bottom of the ladder and reached their present position in life be
cause of some talent or gift which made them fit to hold it?
llow do they treat their employes? They come into contact
with them simply as mere machines; they learn to look upon them
as machines who do a certain amount of work and produce a cer
tain amount of profit.
THEY DO XOT REGARD THEM AS HUMAX SOULS
EXT IT LED TO COXSIDERATIOX AXD BROTHERLY
TREATMEXT.
They have had to do so long with stupidity and ignorance and
deception in their dealings with human nature that,'although these
employers may once have been tender-hearted and in touch with those
beneath them, they gradually become hardened and unfeeling. When
a man becomes hardened and unfeeling we may hear strange utter
ances from his lips. He will even say:
"WE ARE THE POSSESSORS OF THE PRODUCTS OF
THE EARTH BY DIVIXE RIGHT."
What has been the result of these remarkable utterances? They
have brought such very disastrous strikes in industry that men are
in danger of being driven beyond bounds of law and order. Exasper
ating differences between employer and employed should be arbitrated,
and it is absurd for the president of a great corporation to justify
his actions by claiming divine right.
When men, whether employers or employes, shall have been
mutually touched with the spirit of Clirist there will be a readjust
ment of the rights of labor and the rights of property.
It is a nice question—and one which might be looked into by
our medical wiseacres—that of the effect of the present inordinate
tea-drinking on the nerves and
rA physique of the home-born Briton
TEA AND COFFEE That the consumption of tea is
I AND THE NERV ES harmful to the race cannot, one
= fancies, be seriously contended, in
I By ELLA HEPWORTH DIXON, ' view of the stupendous expansion
English Woman Traveler and Novelist. J Q ( t ], e British empire since tllC itl
troduction of this attractive shrub
as an article of daily diet. Indeed, being myself a tea maniac of the
most abandoned habits, I have my own theories on this question
though they do not, to be sure, always coincide with those of other
—and coffee drinking—people.
When I casually remarked the other day to a young friend from
Washington that it was highly probable that the major part of this
planet would, in the future, be ruled by the tea drinking nations—
Great Britain, Russia and China —he scornfully replied: "Their pos
sessions will fall from their nerveless lingers!" This amazing asser
tion left me, for the moment, thoughtful; until I remembered the
alarming tendency to early collapse, to premature death, to nerve
and brain disease of all kinds in the men of that great coffee drinking
nation on your side of the Xorth Atlantic.
CAMERON COUNTY PRESS, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 30, 1902.
THE COAL STRIKE COMMISSION.
The Sl* Member* of Coal Commission Named l>y President Roosevelt and
the Recorder of tile Com m INK ion.
COAL STIiIKE IS (IFF
Miners in Convention Vote to
Return to Work.
Arbitration Commission Iti'gln* Im
Labori-JudKof.ray < hosen< lialr
in a n - Non-t ii lon .Hen Lea villi:
Anthracite District .Mine*
Found 111 Had Condition.
Wilkesbarre, Oct. 22.—With a shout
that fairly shook the convention
building, the representatives of the
147.000 mine workers who have been
on strike since last May, officially de
clared off, at noon Tuesday, the great
est contest ever waged between capi
tal and labor, and placed all the ques
tions involved in the struggle into
the hands of the arbitration commit
tee appointed by the president of the
United States.
After Mr. Mitchell had notified
President ltoosevelt of the action of
the convention and had received a re
ply to the effect that the commission
would meet in Washington on Friday,
he sent out the official announcement
through the press to the strikers that
the strike was off.
President Mitchell will act as the
attorney for the men at all sessions
of the commission and will have with
him several assistants. Headquarters
here will be kept open until after
the award of the arbitration commis
sion is announced.
After the miners had called the
strike off they unanimously adopted
resolutions thanking all national,
state and municipal governments,
all organizations and individuals
throughout tne world, for assistance
rendered the miners during their
great struggle.
It is understood that few met tings
of the commission will be held in
Washington. After the work of the
commission has been mapped out the
first step will be to take the testi
mony of the miners, who may be re
garded as plaintiffs in the case.
It is probable that the first sessions
of the commission at which testimony
will be taken will be held in Wilkes
barre.
Wilkesbarre, Pa., Oct. 24.—The re
sumption of mining throughout the
anthracite region was not as general
yesterday as was expected. Cnlookcd
for difficulties were encountered in
the shape of water and accumulated
gas, and dangerous roofs which
threatened to fall and entomb the
workers were also discovered in many
of the collieries. The mine superin
tendents would take no chances and
the mining of coal was put off until
all parts of the underground work
ings can lie made safe. This will take
a few days yet and in some eases it
will take weeks before some of the
mines can bt putin full operation.
In quite a few of the collieries the
machinery and everything else con
nected with the hoisting of coal act
ed badly and it was found necessary
to close down after steam had been
raised and the miners were ready to
goto work. From reports received
from the entire anthracite region, the
number of inin.es in operation is given
as a little less than two-thirds of the
total number, but the output of coal
was less than half the normal.
As was to be expected there was
more or less dissatisfaction among
the old employes over the reopening
of the mines. Where it was decided
not to resume work for a few days
the men took it that the coal com
panies did not want their services and
many complaints reached President
Mitchell's headquarters. But as the
day wore on and the true situation
The .Tlollneux Trial.
New York, Oct. 25.—The defense in
the MoliueuN trial again claimed an
advantage Friday wl #n Mis- Kmma
Miller, the woman who sold the silver
bottle holder, which accompanied the
poison package sent to Harry Corn
ish. testified positively that Mollnenx
was not the purchaser. Much of the
session was devoted to the examina
tion of a handwriting expert, who
was positive that the address on the
poison package, three Cornish let
ters, admitted for purposes of com
parison only, and letters written by
j the defendant were all written by the
I lamp band.
became known there was a better
feeling all around. President Mitchell
expects that when all the mines get
in operation there will be less com
plaints.
Seranton, l'a., Oct. 24.—Non-union
men were a scarce article around the
collieries yesterday. True to their
declaration, the companies did not
dismiss them, but with the stockade
living quarters gone and the almost
impossible task of securing boarding
houses confronting them, the import
ed non-unionists packed up and left.
Washington. Oet. 25. The members
of the strike arbitration commission
appointed by President ltoosevelt,
met at the White House yesterday
and went into conference with the
president. The interview was brief,
lasting scarcely 20 minutes. The work
to be done by the commission was in
formally discussed. The president
impressed upon the commission the
importance of expedition and in
formed them that lie had decided to
appoint two assistants to the record
er tu facilitate the work. He then
presented them their instructions.
With the instructions were the
statements of the operators. The
members of the commission withdrew
in a body. When they left the White
House they declined to comment up
on their interview. They went direct
to the office of Commissioner of La
bor Wright to organize. Judge Cray
was chosen chairman. The presiding
officer is to be officially called the
president of the commission.
The commission adjourned to meet
again next Monday. After the ad
journment the announcement was
made that only two conclusions had
been reached. The first of these was
to admit the public at all formal
meetings of the commisison; second,
to notify the parties to the contro
versy to be present at the meeting on
Monday for the purpose of arranging
a time for hearings which will be con
venient for all concerned.
AUTOMOBILES AT DETROIT.
A Collision Occurred l>urliiz One of
I lie Karen, but \obod) naa Hurt.
Detroit. Odt. 25. —The opening day
of the Detroit Automobile associa
tion's races at the Crosse Pointe
track was marked by a collision in
the ten-mile handicap. J. I). Maxwell,
a local chauffeur, in the third mile
of the race came up behind Alexan
der Winton, of Cleveland, and running
too close in an attempt to pass the
Cleveland man, struck the latter's ma
chine. Winton continued on his
course ignorant of the collision, but
Maxwell's machine, which was run
ning probably 40 miles an hour, skid
died across the track, landing bot
tomside up against the outside fence.
Luckily Maxwell was thrown from
his machine before it was overturned
and so escaped with bad bruises and
sprains.
It was not a record breaking day,
though the track was fast. Alexander
Winton,in his 2.400-pound gasoline ma
chine, made an exhibition five miles
in 5:25, the time of the last mile be
ing 1:04 4-5, beating the record of the
track, which was 1:06 2-5.
Barney Ohlfield, of Detroit, in a
2,:to< 1-pound To horse power gasoline
machine, made an exhibition two
miles in 2:1:!.
Two Nee roe* mlied 111 Texas.
Hempstead, Tex., Oct. 22.—After be
ing tried in legal form and procedure
for criminal assault and murder and
given the death penalty in each ease,
.1 iin Wesley and Ileddick Barton, ne
groes, late Tuesday afternoon were
taken from the authorities of this
city and lynched in the public square
by an infuriated mob.
The 11< lilnlcy Memorial.
Washington, Oct. 25. —•Postmaster
(Jeneral I'ayne and Secretary to the
President (ieorge l>. Cortelyou have
gone to Canton, <)., to attend a meet
ing of the trustees of the William
McKinley Memorial association. The
meeting will select a site for the me
morial to President McKinley. Of
the aggregate sum of $1550,000. which
the association desired to rai.--\ it
has in hand in cash anil pl"dges
about $550,000. It is likely tint the
memorial will lie located on the-most
comma in i n<« site in ihe (niton ceme
tery, not far from the present tomb
of the dead president.
OIL AS FUEL.
Ileport from Kxp«rU Mioui 1 lint It*
on Small War Vessel* I* I'rnetl
cablo Not Iteconiiiiended for Illi:
■lattleslilp*.
'Washington, Oet. 25. —The proposed
use <>f petroleum as a substitute for
coal oil shipboard is treated at
length in the annual report of Ad
miral Melville, chief of the naval en
gineers, and in stteli detail as thor
oughly to meet the innumerable de
mands that have come to the navy
department for the special informa
tion collected by the engineering
board. For months this board has
been working with a big 2.000 horse
power boiler on the water front in
this city testing a multitude of oil
burning devices, and the greatest
manufacturing concerns in the I nited
States and even abroad have been
seeking to learn the results of the
board's work. The details of the re
port on this subject will be of great
interest to special classes. For the
public, perhaps, they are summed up,
as far as the navy is concerned, in the
following extract from the report:
"The more this question is invest!,
gated the more intricate seems tue
problem of successfully installing ail
oil fuel appliance on board a battle,
ship. It ought to be successfully
on the torpedo boats, as well as upon
auxiliary naval vessels that steam be
tween regular ports. For the army
transport service it might prove very
desirable, since a supply of oil could
be maintained ait the several calling
ports."
The first line of inquiry by the
board was the engineering or nie
chanicaj feature, involving the possii
bility of successfully burning oil for
steam purposes, and it said thait this
problem is Hearing solution. It has
been found necessary to atomize tlia
oil (it cannot be completely gasified),
instead of using it without pressure.
The air blast should be heated by
some simple device. If this is done,
properly the experiments have shown
that it will be possible to force the
combustion of oil ito the same extent)
as eoal, something not done before,
but very essential for naval uses.
Treating of the commercial aspects
of the question, the report makes the
following important statements: "It
may be regarded as a certainty that,
except where unusual conditions pre
vail, the cost of oil for maritime pur
poses will generally be greater than
that of coal."
It is then shown that it would ho
more expensive and difficult to store
oil than coal, and that the fumes
are dangerous in places like the small
bunkers and double bottom spaces
aboard ship, where, being heavy, they
cannot be easily blown away. But in
spite of these and other objections,
the board says:
"The bureau has no hesitation,
liowevei, in declaring that in view of
the results already secured by the
liquid fuel board an installation
«hould be effected without delay on
at least a third of the torpedo boats
and destroyers."
By way of encouraging the advc
eates of oil further, the report points
out that the structural disadvantages
that may prove so serious in the case
of the navy would not be encountered
in shore plants, which also could
easily maintain reserve supplies of
the liquid fuel.
DUN'S WEEKLY REPORT.
Scarcity of Coke Retard* Operation*
In Steel iiii<l Iron Mills—liabor Jlorc
Fully (Employed Than at Ally He
cent Hate.
New York, Oct. 25.—1!. G. Dun &
Co.'s Weekly Keview of Trade says:
No better evidence of industrial and
commercial activity is needed than
the preselit inadequate transporting
facilities. Every form of railway
equipment lias been increased and
perfected during the past few years
to an extent that appeared almost ex
cessive, yet the nation's business has
more than kept pace.
Labor is more fully employed than
at any recent date, only a few small
controversies interrupting. Money
market pressure has been removed,
and, although securities do not re
spond. legitimate trade is not retard
ed by quiet speculation. Earnings of
the railways during October thus far
exceed last year's by 4.5 per cent, and
those of 1900 by 12 per cent.
Coke is still the vital factor ill the
iron and steel situation. Not only
has no improvement occurred, but the
supply of fuel is falling further be
hind and the outlook is alarming.
Pig iron is in great demand, imports
promising to continue large, and as
the higher duty on steel will not be
exacted, there is reason to antici
pate a liberal movement from Uer
ma ny.
The demand for rails is so great
that large purchases abroad are be
ing negotiated, while practically all
railway sunplies find an eager mar
ket. Structural shapes and other
heavy lines of steel are in a strong
position.
No improvement appears in the de
mand for men's wear woolen or
worsted fabrics, new orders being for
small quantities only and not sug
gestive of a genuine supplementary
demand for spring weights. Although
the movement of sample prices from
first hands is on a liberal scale, there
are sinl numerous complaints of late
delivery. Silk goods are firm, with a
scarcity in many descriptions.
Failures for the week numbered
2:;:.' ill the United States, against 240
last year, and 22 in Canada, com
pared with 2!) last year.
Suicided In II IM Cell.
Baltimore, Oct. 25.—Arthur Spen
cer, recently sent to the Maryland
penitentiary for 15 years for burg
lary and whose case excited general
public interest owing to his being
well known throughout the country
as a wild animal trainer, committed
suicide yesterday by hanging himself
with a bed sheet suspended from t he
bars of his cell, .lust before his con
viction Spencer had married a w oman
in Cincinnati, who discovered after
his incarceration that lie was not a
white man, having a light strain of
negro blood in his veins, whereupon
sue deserted him.
ONE LONE KOBBEII,
Holds T'j> a Northern Pacific
Passenger Train.
ICnclneer Killed Ilerniisc He Did "Vol
Obey llmidll'M Order—Kxprena l ur
Wrecked nnd Plundered—Bit;
Iteward Olti-red lor lira*
perudo Dead or Alive.
Missoula, Mont., Oct. 25.—An east
bound passenger train on the .North
ern I'aeifie, was held up 'lnursday
night, near Drunimond, Mont., 45 miles
from this city, and Kngineer Dau
O'Neill was lulled.
The train, wliieh included mail,
baggage and express ears and nine
coaches, arrived at. Missoula at 10:3(1
p. m., and proceeded eastward after
a short delay at this station. It ar
rived after midnight at a place two
miles west of Drummond. Here the
train was signalled to stop ami the
engineer slowed up. While doing so,
lie saw a man creepiifg toward him
over the tender. The mail, who was
armed, called to O'Neill to stop the
train instantly.
The engineer took in the situation
fit once, and, pulling open the throt
tle, tried to start the train at full
speed. The robber divined his pur
pose and fired at him. The shot took
instant effect and the engineer fell
dead at his post.
The robber then proceeded to ritle
the express and mail cars, lie plun
dered the regular mail and blew open
the safe in the express ear, which
was wrecked by the explosion. The
amount of plunder which he secured
Is not known at present, but it is sup
posed to be large. The excitement on
the train was intense. The sudden
stoppage of the train, followed by
the explosion, spread alarm among
the train hands and the passengers.
The darkness of the night and the
loneliness of the place, added to the
general scene of terror.
Word of 'the attack was sent to
Drummond, whence it was tele
graphed to Deer Lodge, about 50
miles away. lJloodhounds were sent
out at once and steps were taken to
keep vigilant watch for the robbers.
Dan O'Neill, the dead engineer, lived
In this city and had a wife and five
children. He had been in the serv
ice of the Northern Pacific company
longer than any other engineer.
The robber boasted that he was the
man who took part in the holdup of
the Southern Pacific train near
Portland, Ore., about one year ago.
He made this boast to the train hands
to terrorize them while they ran the
train four miles to a point two miles
east of Drummond. He declared that,
lie would be hard to catch, as he had
a horse in the timber.
The Northern Pacific has offered a.
reward of $5,000 for the delivery,
dead or alive, of the train robber who
killed O'Neill.
The mask worn by the bandit was
found on a mountain trail two miles
from the scene of the holdup, and af
ter giving the hounds the scent of the
mask the animals immediately took
up the trail, which was then about
eight hours old.
A TEST CASE.
Tobne»« Importer* Sue to lleeove:
Money l*u I<l iiM Turlft' Untie* on
Porto lllenn Products.
New York, Oct. 25.—Action lias
been commenced in the United States
circuit court against (ieorge U. Hid
well, the former collector of the port,
in behalf of Levi Bleumenst.iel & Co.,
tobacco importers of this city. The
complaint states that the complain
ants imported tobacco and cigars
from Porto llieo and, despite their
protests. Collector ISidwell assessed
duty upon the goods. The sum of
$2,028 was paid under protest. The
contention is made that the assess
ment is a direct violation of the
United States constitution, which
provides that all goods not coming
from a foreign port should be admit
ted free.
It is said the suit was brought to
test the constitutionality of the law
nnd that as soon as a verdict can be
had in the circuit court the matter
will be appealed to Washington to
the supreme court of the United
States for a final hearing.
To Plight Organized Labor.
Chicago, Oct. 25.—The Hecord-ller
nld says: The National Association
of Manufacturers of the I'nited
States, through a circular letter be
ing mailed to every manufacturer in
this country, declares for war on or
ganized labor. Particular stress is
laid on the efforts of labor to secure
the passage by congress of an eight
hour law, which is called "vicious.**
Keeipients of these letters are asked
to become members of this manufac
turers' association and the arguments
advanced are because the organiza
tion is engaged in a "bitter uphill
fight against the unlawful demands
if organized labor."
Ho wed Them Down I.lke
Marion, Ind., Oct. 25. —'While a
crowd of 5,000 people wa- waiting for
the special itrain bringing Senator
llanna to this city, a freight train on
the Pennsylvania railroad ran
through the crowd. A brake rod on a
flat car extended over the side and
mowed the crowd down like grass.
Alexander Ford. ag«d 158, an inmate of
the soldiers' home, was struck on the
head, fracturing his skull. He will
die. There were no other serious in
juries.
Aii lii nut* I*l*llllltion*
llerlin. Oct. 25.—The delegates to
the international tuberculosis con
gress spent Friday in studying the
sanitarium which is being built at I'e
litz. This institution is unique. A
group of model buildings is being
erected, costing $2..>00.000. from work
ingnien's funds. The institution,
which is now partially occupied, ac
commodates 000 persons, one-halt sut
fering from tuberculosis and the oth
er half from chronic diseases of the
nerves, heart, kidneys, etc. The two
sections are separated. 11l the non
infectious division nobody is i.eeived
wiui is obliged to remai i in bed.
3