I Some Views on Journalism I By ST. CLAIR McHELWAY, Editor of the Brooklyn Eagle. HE newspaper in a commercial sense is a paying and fZPf | receiving teller! It takes in and it gives out news. I The first work is reporting. The second is publish- M ing. The head of the first is the City Editor. The CSSngSflnS head of the second is the Business Manager. i> rVf I There are many other aspects in which journal- SIIIPII .1 —M jsni can he regarded. Hut the art and duty to get in and to give out news may be said to he the primary and indis pensable work. Without news, views or editorials would*be birds without wings. Without circulation, news and views both would be birds in cages, lacking even air. Not that the other aspects of journalism are to be slighted. Reporting and publishing goto the existence of a newspaper as a body. Editing is the soul or character of that body; but the body is before the soul. The body is the tenement of the soul. Ihe soul is the spiritnalization of the bodv, its life. It may make the life of the journalistic body bad or good or "middling," but it is the life, benign, malign, or a mixture of both. Journalism can make its own resources or can draw some of them as plunder from the government fountains, by getting politicians to tap them for it. IT CAX BE I'REE OR SLAVE. Free journalism is independent. Slave journalism is organic. Both kinds abound, but the former kind has prosperity and power. The latter kind may or may not have prosperity. It cannot have power, for those who can control its subsistence can control its will. A paper that from its own undictated labor and independent thought can keep ahead of debt "pays." If it is a slave, the whim of its masters or its own skill in debasement will be the measure of its case. IT WILL NOT "PAY." IT WILL ONLY "BE PAID." It may make its own adversity. Its prosperity, if any, will be made by others who can unmake it at any time. It may even be unmade by the failure of its masters. A paper which thrives when its party wins and goes lean when its party loses is in reality a thrall and a beggar. But one which makes its own living, by its own merits, out of its own public, is a success, whether a country weekly or a ' metropolitan daily. BUT THERE IS A SUCCESS WHICH IS SHAME. And there can be a failure that is honor. That is a success of shame which coins dollars out of demagogy of tone and bestiality of news. That is a failure which is honor that refuses to do so, to its own loss. RIGHT, HUMAN BETTERMENT IS THE THING TO SEEK, WIX OR LOSE, SUCCESS OR FAILURE, just as duty is the thing to do, "happiness" being only a result from pure conditions, not a thing in itself to seek. In modern business it is difficult to live a Christian life, to escape the contamination that surrounds the attempt to gain a livelihood. The first hindrances which rA come to us are from the nature A CHRISTIAN LIFE AND of our calling and appeal either tj I MODERN BUSINESS our ambitions, our passions or I our covetousness. 1 By RT. RF.V. ARTHUR L.WILLIAMS. I , THE MAJORITY OF Mil'. [ Coadjutor Uisbop of Nebraska, Episcopal GRE A T C<)RPO RAT 10XS V J WHICH EMPLOY LARGE NUMBERS OF MEN THE BANKS, THE FACTORIES, THE RAILROADS—ARE HARSH TO TIIEIR EMPLOYES. How is it that they have acquired this harshness in view of the fact that the heads of these corporations usually began life at the bottom of the ladder and reached their present position in life be cause of some talent or gift which made them fit to hold it? llow do they treat their employes? They come into contact with them simply as mere machines; they learn to look upon them as machines who do a certain amount of work and produce a cer tain amount of profit. THEY DO XOT REGARD THEM AS HUMAX SOULS EXT IT LED TO COXSIDERATIOX AXD BROTHERLY TREATMEXT. They have had to do so long with stupidity and ignorance and deception in their dealings with human nature that,'although these employers may once have been tender-hearted and in touch with those beneath them, they gradually become hardened and unfeeling. When a man becomes hardened and unfeeling we may hear strange utter ances from his lips. He will even say: "WE ARE THE POSSESSORS OF THE PRODUCTS OF THE EARTH BY DIVIXE RIGHT." What has been the result of these remarkable utterances? They have brought such very disastrous strikes in industry that men are in danger of being driven beyond bounds of law and order. Exasper ating differences between employer and employed should be arbitrated, and it is absurd for the president of a great corporation to justify his actions by claiming divine right. When men, whether employers or employes, shall have been mutually touched with the spirit of Clirist there will be a readjust ment of the rights of labor and the rights of property. It is a nice question—and one which might be looked into by our medical wiseacres—that of the effect of the present inordinate tea-drinking on the nerves and rA physique of the home-born Briton TEA AND COFFEE That the consumption of tea is I AND THE NERV ES harmful to the race cannot, one = fancies, be seriously contended, in I By ELLA HEPWORTH DIXON, ' view of the stupendous expansion English Woman Traveler and Novelist. J Q ( t ], e British empire since tllC itl troduction of this attractive shrub as an article of daily diet. Indeed, being myself a tea maniac of the most abandoned habits, I have my own theories on this question though they do not, to be sure, always coincide with those of other —and coffee drinking—people. When I casually remarked the other day to a young friend from Washington that it was highly probable that the major part of this planet would, in the future, be ruled by the tea drinking nations— Great Britain, Russia and China —he scornfully replied: "Their pos sessions will fall from their nerveless lingers!" This amazing asser tion left me, for the moment, thoughtful; until I remembered the alarming tendency to early collapse, to premature death, to nerve and brain disease of all kinds in the men of that great coffee drinking nation on your side of the Xorth Atlantic. CAMERON COUNTY PRESS, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 30, 1902. THE COAL STRIKE COMMISSION. The Sl* Member* of Coal Commission Named l>y President Roosevelt and the Recorder of tile Com m INK ion. COAL STIiIKE IS (IFF Miners in Convention Vote to Return to Work. Arbitration Commission Iti'gln* Im Labori-JudKof.ray < hosen< lialr in a n - Non-t ii lon .Hen Lea villi: Anthracite District .Mine* Found 111 Had Condition. Wilkesbarre, Oct. 22.—With a shout that fairly shook the convention building, the representatives of the 147.000 mine workers who have been on strike since last May, officially de clared off, at noon Tuesday, the great est contest ever waged between capi tal and labor, and placed all the ques tions involved in the struggle into the hands of the arbitration commit tee appointed by the president of the United States. After Mr. Mitchell had notified President ltoosevelt of the action of the convention and had received a re ply to the effect that the commission would meet in Washington on Friday, he sent out the official announcement through the press to the strikers that the strike was off. President Mitchell will act as the attorney for the men at all sessions of the commission and will have with him several assistants. Headquarters here will be kept open until after the award of the arbitration commis sion is announced. After the miners had called the strike off they unanimously adopted resolutions thanking all national, state and municipal governments, all organizations and individuals throughout tne world, for assistance rendered the miners during their great struggle. It is understood that few met tings of the commission will be held in Washington. After the work of the commission has been mapped out the first step will be to take the testi mony of the miners, who may be re garded as plaintiffs in the case. It is probable that the first sessions of the commission at which testimony will be taken will be held in Wilkes barre. Wilkesbarre, Pa., Oct. 24.—The re sumption of mining throughout the anthracite region was not as general yesterday as was expected. Cnlookcd for difficulties were encountered in the shape of water and accumulated gas, and dangerous roofs which threatened to fall and entomb the workers were also discovered in many of the collieries. The mine superin tendents would take no chances and the mining of coal was put off until all parts of the underground work ings can lie made safe. This will take a few days yet and in some eases it will take weeks before some of the mines can bt putin full operation. In quite a few of the collieries the machinery and everything else con nected with the hoisting of coal act ed badly and it was found necessary to close down after steam had been raised and the miners were ready to goto work. From reports received from the entire anthracite region, the number of inin.es in operation is given as a little less than two-thirds of the total number, but the output of coal was less than half the normal. As was to be expected there was more or less dissatisfaction among the old employes over the reopening of the mines. Where it was decided not to resume work for a few days the men took it that the coal com panies did not want their services and many complaints reached President Mitchell's headquarters. But as the day wore on and the true situation The .Tlollneux Trial. New York, Oct. 25.—The defense in the MoliueuN trial again claimed an advantage Friday wl #n Mis- Kmma Miller, the woman who sold the silver bottle holder, which accompanied the poison package sent to Harry Corn ish. testified positively that Mollnenx was not the purchaser. Much of the session was devoted to the examina tion of a handwriting expert, who was positive that the address on the poison package, three Cornish let ters, admitted for purposes of com parison only, and letters written by j the defendant were all written by the I lamp band. became known there was a better feeling all around. President Mitchell expects that when all the mines get in operation there will be less com plaints. Seranton, l'a., Oct. 24.—Non-union men were a scarce article around the collieries yesterday. True to their declaration, the companies did not dismiss them, but with the stockade living quarters gone and the almost impossible task of securing boarding houses confronting them, the import ed non-unionists packed up and left. Washington. Oet. 25. The members of the strike arbitration commission appointed by President ltoosevelt, met at the White House yesterday and went into conference with the president. The interview was brief, lasting scarcely 20 minutes. The work to be done by the commission was in formally discussed. The president impressed upon the commission the importance of expedition and in formed them that lie had decided to appoint two assistants to the record er tu facilitate the work. He then presented them their instructions. With the instructions were the statements of the operators. The members of the commission withdrew in a body. When they left the White House they declined to comment up on their interview. They went direct to the office of Commissioner of La bor Wright to organize. Judge Cray was chosen chairman. The presiding officer is to be officially called the president of the commission. The commission adjourned to meet again next Monday. After the ad journment the announcement was made that only two conclusions had been reached. The first of these was to admit the public at all formal meetings of the commisison; second, to notify the parties to the contro versy to be present at the meeting on Monday for the purpose of arranging a time for hearings which will be con venient for all concerned. AUTOMOBILES AT DETROIT. A Collision Occurred l>urliiz One of I lie Karen, but \obod) naa Hurt. Detroit. Odt. 25. —The opening day of the Detroit Automobile associa tion's races at the Crosse Pointe track was marked by a collision in the ten-mile handicap. J. I). Maxwell, a local chauffeur, in the third mile of the race came up behind Alexan der Winton, of Cleveland, and running too close in an attempt to pass the Cleveland man, struck the latter's ma chine. Winton continued on his course ignorant of the collision, but Maxwell's machine, which was run ning probably 40 miles an hour, skid died across the track, landing bot tomside up against the outside fence. Luckily Maxwell was thrown from his machine before it was overturned and so escaped with bad bruises and sprains. It was not a record breaking day, though the track was fast. Alexander Winton,in his 2.400-pound gasoline ma chine, made an exhibition five miles in 5:25, the time of the last mile be ing 1:04 4-5, beating the record of the track, which was 1:06 2-5. Barney Ohlfield, of Detroit, in a 2,:to< 1-pound To horse power gasoline machine, made an exhibition two miles in 2:1:!. Two Nee roe* mlied 111 Texas. Hempstead, Tex., Oct. 22.—After be ing tried in legal form and procedure for criminal assault and murder and given the death penalty in each ease, .1 iin Wesley and Ileddick Barton, ne groes, late Tuesday afternoon were taken from the authorities of this city and lynched in the public square by an infuriated mob. The 11< lilnlcy Memorial. Washington, Oct. 25. —•Postmaster (Jeneral I'ayne and Secretary to the President (ieorge l>. Cortelyou have gone to Canton, <)., to attend a meet ing of the trustees of the William McKinley Memorial association. The meeting will select a site for the me morial to President McKinley. Of the aggregate sum of $1550,000. which the association desired to rai.--\ it has in hand in cash anil pl"dges about $550,000. It is likely tint the memorial will lie located on the-most comma in i n<« site in ihe (niton ceme tery, not far from the present tomb of the dead president. OIL AS FUEL. Ileport from Kxp«rU Mioui 1 lint It* on Small War Vessel* I* I'rnetl cablo Not Iteconiiiiended for Illi: ■lattleslilp*. 'Washington, Oet. 25. —The proposed use <>f petroleum as a substitute for coal oil shipboard is treated at length in the annual report of Ad miral Melville, chief of the naval en gineers, and in stteli detail as thor oughly to meet the innumerable de mands that have come to the navy department for the special informa tion collected by the engineering board. For months this board has been working with a big 2.000 horse power boiler on the water front in this city testing a multitude of oil burning devices, and the greatest manufacturing concerns in the I nited States and even abroad have been seeking to learn the results of the board's work. The details of the re port on this subject will be of great interest to special classes. For the public, perhaps, they are summed up, as far as the navy is concerned, in the following extract from the report: "The more this question is invest!, gated the more intricate seems tue problem of successfully installing ail oil fuel appliance on board a battle, ship. It ought to be successfully on the torpedo boats, as well as upon auxiliary naval vessels that steam be tween regular ports. For the army transport service it might prove very desirable, since a supply of oil could be maintained ait the several calling ports." The first line of inquiry by the board was the engineering or nie chanicaj feature, involving the possii bility of successfully burning oil for steam purposes, and it said thait this problem is Hearing solution. It has been found necessary to atomize tlia oil (it cannot be completely gasified), instead of using it without pressure. The air blast should be heated by some simple device. If this is done, properly the experiments have shown that it will be possible to force the combustion of oil ito the same extent) as eoal, something not done before, but very essential for naval uses. Treating of the commercial aspects of the question, the report makes the following important statements: "It may be regarded as a certainty that, except where unusual conditions pre vail, the cost of oil for maritime pur poses will generally be greater than that of coal." It is then shown that it would ho more expensive and difficult to store oil than coal, and that the fumes are dangerous in places like the small bunkers and double bottom spaces aboard ship, where, being heavy, they cannot be easily blown away. But in spite of these and other objections, the board says: "The bureau has no hesitation, liowevei, in declaring that in view of the results already secured by the liquid fuel board an installation «hould be effected without delay on at least a third of the torpedo boats and destroyers." By way of encouraging the advc eates of oil further, the report points out that the structural disadvantages that may prove so serious in the case of the navy would not be encountered in shore plants, which also could easily maintain reserve supplies of the liquid fuel. DUN'S WEEKLY REPORT. Scarcity of Coke Retard* Operation* In Steel iiii a Northern Pacific Passenger Train. ICnclneer Killed Ilerniisc He Did "Vol Obey llmidll'M Order—Kxprena l ur Wrecked nnd Plundered—Bit; Iteward Olti-red lor lira* perudo Dead or Alive. Missoula, Mont., Oct. 25.—An east bound passenger train on the .North ern I'aeifie, was held up 'lnursday night, near Drunimond, Mont., 45 miles from this city, and Kngineer Dau O'Neill was lulled. The train, wliieh included mail, baggage and express ears and nine coaches, arrived at. Missoula at 10:3(1 p. m., and proceeded eastward after a short delay at this station. It ar rived after midnight at a place two miles west of Drummond. Here the train was signalled to stop ami the engineer slowed up. While doing so, lie saw a man creepiifg toward him over the tender. The mail, who was armed, called to O'Neill to stop the train instantly. The engineer took in the situation fit once, and, pulling open the throt tle, tried to start the train at full speed. The robber divined his pur pose and fired at him. The shot took instant effect and the engineer fell dead at his post. The robber then proceeded to ritle the express and mail cars, lie plun dered the regular mail and blew open the safe in the express ear, which was wrecked by the explosion. The amount of plunder which he secured Is not known at present, but it is sup posed to be large. The excitement on the train was intense. The sudden stoppage of the train, followed by the explosion, spread alarm among the train hands and the passengers. The darkness of the night and the loneliness of the place, added to the general scene of terror. Word of 'the attack was sent to Drummond, whence it was tele graphed to Deer Lodge, about 50 miles away. lJloodhounds were sent out at once and steps were taken to keep vigilant watch for the robbers. Dan O'Neill, the dead engineer, lived In this city and had a wife and five children. He had been in the serv ice of the Northern Pacific company longer than any other engineer. The robber boasted that he was the man who took part in the holdup of the Southern Pacific train near Portland, Ore., about one year ago. He made this boast to the train hands to terrorize them while they ran the train four miles to a point two miles east of Drummond. He declared that, lie would be hard to catch, as he had a horse in the timber. The Northern Pacific has offered a. reward of $5,000 for the delivery, dead or alive, of the train robber who killed O'Neill. The mask worn by the bandit was found on a mountain trail two miles from the scene of the holdup, and af ter giving the hounds the scent of the mask the animals immediately took up the trail, which was then about eight hours old. A TEST CASE. Tobne»« Importer* Sue to lleeove: Money l*u I00.000. from work ingnien's funds. The institution, which is now partially occupied, ac commodates 000 persons, one-halt sut fering from tuberculosis and the oth er half from chronic diseases of the nerves, heart, kidneys, etc. The two sections are separated. 11l the non infectious division nobody is i.eeived wiui is obliged to remai i in bed. 3