GOBGEODSLY GRAND Second Inauguration of Win. McKinley as President. The Most Magnificent Military Display Witnessed in Wash ington Since 1U65. A Bewildering Array of Brilliantly Attired Soldiers Escorts the President from White House to Capitol and Back Again The President's Inaugural Address. Washington, March 5. —William Mc- Kinley a second time is president of the United States. He was ushered Into that office on Monday in a city ablaze with more and tiner decora tions than ever have graced the na tlonal capital, whose streets resound ed to the tread of more marching soldiers and sailors than ever have participated in a like function and had as witnesses to the ceremonies a vast multitude who cheered fre quently whenever he or his vice presidential colleague was visible. There has been better weather on Inauguration day and there has been much worse than that which attend ed yesterday's ceremonies. The day in the forenoon gave promise of be ing a golden spring day, but by noon a slow drizzle bad begun that lasted with some intermission until late in the afternoon. The worst of the wet weather came Just at the time President McKinley •was being inducted into office on the east front of the Capitol in the pres ence of a crowd estimated to num ber 40.000 persons. But the day end ed with dry weather, so that, as stat ed, there have been many worse inau guration days than this. Garfield •was inaugurated in a storm; Harri son iu a cold rain that deluged the city from dawn till dark, and Cleve land took the oath at his second in auguration before 10,000 cheering people in a tierce gale with the snow oeating down upon his bare head. THEODORE ROOSEV ELT. Had a man been on top of the dome of the Capitol Washington must have looked as it did in the spring of 1865 •when the victorious armies and the multitude with them gathered here for the grand review. Off to the south of the Potomac six warships, one of them the historic Hartford, Admiral Farragut's flagship at the battle of Mobile Bay, rode at anchor. From every direction trains were creeping into the city to pour their human freight into the already seeth ing human cauldron. In the maze of choked streets spread out below, squares of moving gun barrels gleamed; banners, flags and trans parencies rose above compact masses of men and gorgeous bands, checks of color, drifted here and there and everywhere, the shifting multitude to closely packed that the ground seemed fairly alive. Pennsylvania avenue, decorated ■with miles of bunting and with thou sands of flags fluttering in the breeze, was lined with an impen crtable mass of people so early that Tin one pretended to have arisen in time to say when they began swarm ing to their places. Washington had decked herself as never before. She lias been many times a bride. Yesterday she was truly regal. She was dressed like n queen. The committee in charge had insisted upon uniform and har monious decorations. The scheme was superb and it was admirably executed. The gem of it all was the court of honor, where the president viewed the parade. It extended from the treasury building to the state, ■war and navy building, comprising the stretch in front of the executive mansion. Guarding the entrance were gigantic white pylons surmounted by bronze urns for the Greek fire at night. Doric columns stood before the stands in which the distinguished personages were seated, while other columns ran in a semicircle through the White House grounds. It was as beautiful as the setting in a the ater. Only a small portion of the vast multitude saw anything of the actual inauguration ceremonies at the Capi tol. Thousands were content to wait in the avenue below to see the two ' men on whom their attention was j fixed and the great procession which followed them. The brilliant and impressive scene in the senate when the vice president-elect was inducted into otlice was reserved for a few hun dreds. The public had no part in it. While the distinguished audience was gathered in the senate chamber, the president, in a little side room, was signing the bills which the dying con gress was sending to him. >»hen the ceremony in the senate was over, the floor anil galleries emp tied into the corridors, through which the people jostled and squeezed into the rotunda and out onto the great plaform erected from the east portico of the Capitol. Upon it were to be seated the senators, representa tives, diplomatic corps, supreme court and some of the invited guests. Flanking it on either side were other stands black with people, while the steps of the house and senate were hillocks of humanity. He low the multitudes filled the plaza and be yond, down the diverging avenues, patches of color and myriads of points of steel indicated the assem bled soldiery far as the eye could reach. The president and vice president, Mrs. McKinley, the chief justice and several others in the railed and cov ered enclosure jutting out into the crowd were protected from the storm. There in the presence of 20,- 000 and in the sight of twice that number of people standing in a rain, the president took the oath of office and delivered the following address: My Fellow Citizens: —When we as sembled here on the fourth of March, 1807, there was great anxiety with re gard to our currency and credit. None exists now. Then our treasury receipts were inadequate to meet the current obligations of the govern ment. Now they are sufficient for all public needs and we ha>e a sur plus instead of a deficit. Then I felt constrained to convene the con gress in extraordinary session to de vise revenue for the ordinary ex penses of the government. Now I have the satisfaction to announce that the congress just closed has re duced taxation in the sum of $41,000,- 000. Then there was deep solicitude because of the long depression in our manufacturing, mining, agricultural and mercantile industries and the consequent distress of our laboring population. Now every avenue of production is crowded with activity, labor is well employed and American products find good markets at home and abroad. Our diversified productions, how ever, are increasing in such unprece dented volume as to admonish us of the necessity of still further enlarg ing our foreign markets by broader commercial relations. For this pur pose reciprocal trade arrangements with other nations should in liberal spirit be carefully cultivated and promoted. The national verdict of 1896 has for the most part been executed. What ever remains unfulfilled is a continu ing obligation resting with undimin ished force upon the executive and congress. But fortunate as our condi tion is, its permanence can only be assured by sound business methods and strict economy in national admin istration and legislation. We should not permit our great prosperity to lead us to reckless ventures in busi ness, or profligacy in public expendi tures. While congress determines the objects and the sum of appropri ations, the officials of the executive department are responsible for hon est and faithful disbursement and it should be their constant care to avoid waste and extravagance. Honesty, capacity and industry are nowhere more indispensable than in public employment. These should be fundamental requisites to original appointment and the surest guaran tees against removals. Four years ago we stood on the brink of war without the peopple knowing it and without any prepara tion or effort at preparation for the impending peril. 1 did all that in honor could be done to avert the war, but without avail. It became inevitable, and congress at its first regular session, without party divi sion provided money in anticipation of the crisis and in preparation to meet it. It came. The result was ; signally favorable to American arms and in the highest degree honorable jto the government. It imposed upon us obligations from which we can not escape. We are now at peace with the world, and it is my fervent ; prayer that if differences arise be i tween us and other powers they may be settled by peaceful arbitration, and that hereafter we may be spared , the horrors of war. Entrusted by the people for the I second time with the office of presi dent, I enter upon its administration appreciating the great responsibili ties which attach to this renewed honor and commission, presenting unreserved devotion on my part to their faithful discharge and invoking for my guidance the direction and favor of Almighty God. I should shrink from the duties this day as sumed if I did not feel that in their performance I should have the co operation of wise and patriotic men of all parties. It encourages me for the great task which I now under take, to believe that those who vol untarily committed to me the trust imposed upon the oliief executive of the republic will give to me generous support in my duties to "preserve, protect and defend the constitution 1 of the United States" "and to care that the laws be carefully executed." The national purpose is indicated thorough a national election. It is the constitutional method of ascer j tabling the public will. When once it is registered it is a law to us all, | and faithful observance should follow its decrees. Strong hearts and helpful hands are needed, and, fortunately, we have them in every part of our beloved country. W r e are reunited. Sec tionalism has disappeared. Division on public questions can no longer lie traced by the war maps of 1861. Those old differences less and less disturb the judgment. Existing prob lems demand the thought and quick en the conscience of the country and the responsibility for their presence, CAMERON COUNTY PRESS, THURSDAY, MARCH 14. i 9 or. as well ns for their righteous settle ment rests upon us all —no more upon me than upon you. There are some national questions, in the solu tion of which patriotism should ex clude partisanship. Magnifying* their difficulties will not take them off our hands, nor facilitate their adjust ment. Distrust of the capacity, integrity and high purposes of the American people will not be an inspiring theme for future political contests. Dark pictures and gloomy forebodings are worse than useless. These only be cloud, they do not help to point, the way of safety and honor. "Hope maketh not ashamed." The prophets of evil were not the builders of the republic, nor in any crisis since have they saved or served it. The faith of their descendants has wrought its progress and furnished its defenders. They are obstructionists who despair and who would destroy confidence in the ability of our people to solve wisely and for civilization the mighty problems resting upon them. The American people, intrenched in freedom at home, take their love for it with them wherever they go, and they reject as mistaken and tin worthy the doctrine that we lose our own liberties by securing the endur ing foundations of liberty to others. Our institutions will not deteriorate by extension and our sense of jus tice will not abate under tropic suns in distant seas. As heretofore, so hereafter will the nation demon strate its fitness to adminster any new estate which events devolve upon it and in the fear of God will "take occasion by the hand and make tho bounds of freedom wider yet." If there are those among us who would make our way more difficult, we must not be disheartened, but the more earnestly dedicate ourselves to the task upon which we have rightly en tered. The path of progress is sel dom smooth. New things are often found hard to do. Our fathers found them so. We find them so. They are inconvenient. They cost us some thing. Hut are we not made better for the effort and sacrifice, and are not those we serve lifted up and blessed? The republic has marched on and on and its every step has exalted freedom and humanity. VVe are un dergoing the same ordeal as did our predecessors nearly a century ago. We are following the same course they blazed. They triumphed. Will their successors falter and plead or ganic impotency in the nation? Sure ly after 125 years of achievement for mankind we will not now surrender our equality with other powers on matters fundamental and essential to nationality. With no such purpose was the nation created. In no such spirit has it developed its full and independent sovereignty. We adhere to the principle of equality among ourselves, and by no act of ours will we assign to ourselves a subordinate rank in the family of nations. My fellow citizens, the public events of the past four years have gone into history. They are too near to justify a recital. Some of them were unforseen; many of them momentous aaul far reaching in their consequences to ourselves and our re lations with the rest of the world. The part which the United States bore so honorably in the thrilling scenes in China, while new to Amer ican life, has been in harmony with its true spirit and best traditions, and in dealing with the results its policy will be that of moderation and fairness. \\ c face at this moment a most im portant question—that of the future relations of the United States and Cuba. With our near neighbors we must remain close friends. The dec laration of the purposes of this gov ernment in the resolution of April 20, IS9B, must be made good. Ever since the evacuation of the island by the army of Spain the executive with all practicable speed has been assisting its people in the steps necessary io the establishment of a free and" in dependent government prepared 10 assume and perform the obligations of international law which now rest upon the United States under the treaty of Paris. The convention elected by the people to frame a con stitution is approaching the comple tion of its labors. The transfer of American control to the new govern ment is of such great importance, in volving an obligation resulting from our intervention and the treaty of peace, that I am glad to be advised by the recent act of congress of the policy which the legislative branch ot the government deems essential to the best interests of Cuba aud the United States. The principles which led to our in tervention require that the funda mental law upon whijn the new gcv trnment rests shouli be adapted to secure a government capable of per forming the duties an I discharging the functions of a separate nation, of observing its international obliga tions, of protecting life and property, insuring order, safety and liberty, and conforming 1 to the established and historical policy of the United States in its relations to Cuba. The peace which we are pledged to leave to the Cuban people must carry with it the guarantees of perform ance. VVe became sponsors for the pacification of the island and we re main accountable to the Cubans for the reconstruction of Cuba as a free commonwealth on abiding founda tions of right, justice, liberty and assured order. Our enfranchisement of the people will not be complete 1 until free Cuba shall "be a reality, not a name; a perfect entity, not a hasty experiment bearing within it self the elements of failure." While the treaty of peace wi f h Spain was ratified on February 0, 1899, and ratifications were ex changed nearly two years ago, con gress has indicated no form of gov ernment for the Philippine islands. It has, however, provided an army to enable the executive to suppress insurrection, restore peace, give se curity to the inhabitants and estab lish the authority of the United States throughout the archipelago It has authorized the organization of native troops as auxiliary to the regular force. It has been advised from time to time of the acts of the military and noval officers in the island, of my action in aoo«intinq civil commissions, of the instructions with which they were changed, ol their duties and powers, of their rec-vunenda tions, and of their sev eral acts under executive commission, together with the very complete gen eral information they have submitted. These reports fully set forth the con ditions in the islands, and the instruc tions clearly show the principles which will guide the executive until congress shall, pa it is required to do by the treaty, determine "the civil rights and policital status of the na tive inhabitants. Congress having added the sanction of its authority to the powers al ready possessed and exercised by the executive under the constitution, thereby leaving with the executive the responsibility for the government of the Philippines, I shall continue the efforts already begun until order shall be restored throughout the islands, and as fast as conditions per mit will establish local governments, in the formation of which the full co operation of the people has be?n al ready invited and when established will encourage the people to admin ister them. The policy, long ago proclaimed, to aft'ord the people of the islands self-government as fast as they were ready for it will be pur sued with earnestness and fidelity. Already something has been accom plished in this direction. The government's representatives are doing faithful and noble work in their mission of emancipation and merit the approval of their country men. The most liberal terms of amnesty have already been communi cated to the insurgents, and the way is still open for those who have raised their arms against the government for honorable submission to its au thority. Our countrymen should rot be deceived. VVe are not waging war against the inhabitants of the Philip pine islands. A portion of them are making war against the United States. By far the greater part of the inhabitants recognize American sovereignty and welcome it as a guar anty of order and security for life, property, liberty, freedom of con science, and the pursuit of happiness. To them full protection will be giv en. They shall not be abandoned. VVe will not leave the destiny of the loyal millions in the islands to the disloyal thousands who are in rebel lion against the United States. Or der tinder civil instructions will come as soon as those who now break the peace shall keep it. Force wili not be needed or used when those who make war against us shall make it no more. May it end without fur ther bloodshed, and there be ushered in the reign of peace to be made per manent by a government of liberty under law. When the president and vice presi dent had quitted the scene to take their places at the head of the pro cession, the soldiers stretched across the place where the multitude had been. The procession wound down the hill and up the avenue through a lane of people. The regulars, in fantry, cavalry and artillery, the jack tars and marines, the cowboys, the dark-skinned Porto Ricans in the American uniform, the militia of 22 states and the political clubs of the civic division swelled the great pro cession which escorted the president and vice president back to the White House. The eye and mind were alike dis tracted by the bursts of music, the clatter of horses' hoofs, the flashing of sabres, the nodding plumes, tlia rumble of artillery and the blare of bands. From one end of the avenue to the other the troops, keeping step to the martial music, rolled on like billows of the sea, their banners and guidons and shining steel completely tilling the vision. In advance rode a platoon of mounted police, followed by the fa mous Governor's Island band playing "Hail to the Chief." Behind these were (Jen. Greene and his staff. Then Troop A, of Cleveland, in grenadier uniform, the president's personal escort, rode by,their plumes rising and falling to the movement of their coal black chargers. But their claims to admiration were slighted in a measure. The crowd had eyes only for the open barouche drawn by four horses in which the president and Senator Hanna sat. The applause which greeted the chief magistrate was redoubled as Vice President Roosevelt in another carriage drawn by two horses came into view. A detachment of the Twenty-third Ohio, the president's regiment during the rebellion, trudging along on foot in the wake of the carriages testified to the loyalty of the president's old comrades of the civil war. The mili tary as a whole attracted unbounded admiration. The regulars got an ovation from one end of the line to the other. The crowds fairly rose at the jack tars rolling along with their sword bayonets. Admiral Dewey, Gen. Miles, Gen. "Joe" Whee ler and many other officers who came into prominence during the Spanish war were lionized. The crowds were cheering all the time for the Annap olis and West Point cadets and the Rough Rulers. The national guards of the several states made a brilliant showing and many of the governors riding with their staffs were overwhelmed with enthusiasm. Darkness fell as the last of the procession tramped by the reviewing stand. The culminating event of the inau gural festivities was the inaugural ball, held last night in the vast audi torium of the pension office, with the President and Mrs. McKinley leading in the grand march and with men and women distinguished in every walk of life touching elbows, dancing and mingling with the plain American citizens. As a spectacular event it was unparalleled in the history of inaugural balls, in the sumptuousness of arrangements in the bewildering splendor of decorations and of mar velous electrical effects and in the throng taking part in the spectacle. A (loud Kxciise. Housekeeper—See here, I ordered a dozen eggs this morning and you only sent me ten. Dealer —Well, ma'am, two of 'em were bad and 1 didn't think you'U want 'era.—Philadelphia Record. A LAND OF MILK AND HONEY. Kxplorer Cherry found It In Contra! Airlea, tlie Only llruw'iai U Hi-ill^ that It l» Peopled l»y <annllialn. Chicago, March 7.—William Stamps Cherry, the African explorer who re cently returned to this country, last night with the aid of a Btereopticcn entertained the members of the Chi cago Press club. He made public for the first time many of his discov eries and spoke interestingly of his many adventures in central Africa. Mr. Cherry told of his exploration of the immense Kotto region, and the finding of three new native tribes in this hitherto inaccessible country, and of his discoveries in natural his tory, including two new species of antelope and one of small elephants having no tusks. • He gave a graphic description of his life among the dif ferent cannibal tribes and said his studies of their arts and customs to the minutest details will answer many questions regarding their past history and present life. He also spoke of the importance of impressing upon the American people the great future of this im mense unknown country, which in spots is entirely uninhabited, but abounds in wonderful resources. On this latter subject Mr. Cherry said: "I have found wild coffee that is pro nounced first class in flavor and which can be gathered by tons; also a wild van'la and a species of wild olive. The forests are immense and represent the finest timber in the world. They are full of unknown nuts and wild fruits, peculiar in shape and flavor, but many of them pleasant to the taste, and which will become well known and useful in civilized countries. "Most of the land over which I traveled is very fertile and is watered by creeks and rivers so numerous that it is unnecessary to carry water for drinking purposes. The banks of the rivers and ereeks are generally fringed by heavy wood. The rubber vine grows here in its greatest luxu riance. Hananas, pineapples, oranges, lemons and all tropical fruits grow in such abundance that there is little use for a native to work more than an hour a day. Rice, corn, sweet potatoes and peanuts are some of the foods that are frequently found and which grow like weeds with but little attention; the manioc and yam and a great many other fruits, vegetables and grains, unknown to the people of the temperate zone, grow there abundantly. Tobacco and sugar cane flourish as in their native soil. "The geographical position is the finest of any country and the rail roads of the future will open up this vast region to commerce and immi gration and I look forward to the time when the cities of Africa situ ated on the banks of some of these beautiful rivers with their myriads of islands and cataracts will be the most picturesque in the world." Mr. Cherry spoke of sla e trading, saving that the general impression was that it had been partially done away with, but when he reached the interior he found the curse fully as bad as in the days when Livingston journeyed through Africa. Mr. Cherry found whole regions depopulated by the slave traders, and when he ar rived at the Kotto river the country had just been raided by an Arab chief, who dKI his work in such a thorough manner that a whole tribe was annihilated. SQUEEZES THE PUBLIC. SO Hallway 'l'ruKt Show* No .Tlerey to Shippers, All Kate Klvalry Having llrrii (eliminated. New York, March 7. —The Mail and Express says: "Some large western shippers of freight complain that it is now useless to make the rounds of the various railroad offices look ing for concessions on shipments from Chicago to Pacific coast points, for example. "This is pointed to as one of the immediate results of the bankers* agreement for the division of all the railroads of the United States into groups, or community of ownership. It means that the advisory board of half a dozen men now holds the reins and whenever rates need adjusting the orders emanate from this body, or from the bankers who appoint the committee. "There are no longer any long wrangles of traffic officials. These men are instructed to get together and make such tariffs or such changes in the rates as the bankers* committee, or, perhaps, the presi dents themselves, think ought to be made. As a result the machinery works as smoothly as if there were only one great system instead of many independent ones. "Some railroad authorities think the increased revenue '>y reason of the abolishment of rate cutting, and because of a few small advances in tariffs, will amount to $50,000,000 or more a year. "According to one authority, the losses to the railroads annually from the payment of commissions used to run into the millions, and, as a rule, the public did not benefit according ly. Again, the community of owner ship method has reduced rivalry to a minimum and It has been possible to run fewer trains and to make less extravagant concessions in order to secure business." Children Cremated. Clarion, Itid., March 7. —The 18- mont.hs old son and the 3-year-old daughter of Mrs. Perry Peele, a widow, were burned to death and the home of the family totally destroyed ■at Matthews yesterday. The mother was at a neighbor's house for a few minutes and left the children alone. lee Blorknde Increases. Ludington, Mich., March 7.—Secure ly locked in the impenetrable ice pack that has choked Ludington har bor for three days, the six powerful winter steamers of the Pere Mar quette Railroad Co. have been churn ing the ice and working without avail for 50 hours. High westerly winds have prevailed since Sunday and the entire east shore of Lake Michigan is icebound as far as the eye can reach. In places the ice barrier is piled up 20 feet high. In the chan nel, where there is usually 20 feet of water, the slush ice extends to the bottom. FIGUKES ARE BIG. Report as to Appropriations Made by Congress. I'lio loin I lor OIK Pan Two V ear* l» *1,410,00:2,545, More Than Half ol' Uiili'li vt as Voted Itur- die Short Keniun J lint < lo*ed. Washington, March 7.—Representa tive Cannon, chairman of the house committee on appropriations, ami Representative Livingston, the senior democratic member of the commit tee, have prepared statements of the appropriations of the Fifty-sixth con gress which will be printed in the Record to-day. Both place the total appropriations for the congress at $1,440,062.."<45, placing those for the first session at $710,150,862 and for the second at $729,911,683. Mr. Can non publishes a table showing that the expenditure of the previous con gress were $1,568,212,637, and -Mr. Ltv ingston makes a comparison with the Fifty-fourth congress, which appro priated $1,544,580,278. In his statement Mr. Cannon says: "The increase over the appropriations made at (he first session of this con gress is less than $20,000,000 and this sum is more than accounted for by the increase of $10,124,450 made on account of the postal service and by $13,513,057 in the bill that provides for the maintenance of our naval es tablishment and for the construction of the new ships of the navy. One large item is the appropriation of $5,- 250,000 for the St. Louis exposition. "The appropriations made at the two sessions of this the Fifty-sixtli Congress are $128,150,092 less than the appropriations made during the two regular sessions of the preceding con gress. "The new revenue law passed at ■this session will, it is estimated, re duce taxes for the coming fiscal year $41,000,000, bringing our total esti mated income for the coming fiscal year, including postal revenues, to $07.1,633,042. "Of the total appropriations made at this session at least $30,000,000 will not, in the light of past experiences, be expended. There is a large mar gin between actual expenditures and appropriations." Mr, Livingston in his report says: "The Fifty-sixth congress is the first congress appropriating for the sup port of the government since the close of the Spanish-American war. The difference between the appropri ations by the Fifty-sixth congress and those made by the Fifty-fourth congress amounts to $395,482,272. "During the session just closed the demands of the people for the con struction of the Nicaragua canal have gone unheeded; for new public build ings they have been persistently de nied. The river and harbor bill has been permitted to fail. The pay ment of just claims of honest people against the government has not been, provided for. "The casual examination of thia table shows that the army for each of the two years prior to the Spanish- American war cost a lit.tle over $28,- 000,000, and but little more than $46,- 000,000 for the two years covered by the Fifty-fourth congress, while for the army for each of the two years since that war, 1901 and 1902, it costs nearly $115,000,000, or $230,000,000 for the two years, exclusive of deficien cies that have been provided for in large sums out of appropriations made for expenses of the Spanish war during the Fifty-fifth congress. "In a word, this table shows that the price to the people of the policy □ 112 this administration is $400,000,000 within two years, and the half that is contemplated has not yet been put in operation." AN UNAVAILING PRTOEST. Secretary Uage Tell* manufacturer* That the Law Compel* film to Im pose Countervailing Duties, Washington, March 7. —The delega tion of the Illinois Manufacturers' <fs sociation which called on Secretary (•age yesterday to protest against his action in declaring a countervail ing duty against Russian beet sugar, received the reply of the secretary. The protest was presented by Martin IS. Madden, who said his association represented a constituency of 300,000 employers and workers in Illinois, whose combined production amount ed to $2,000,000,000 annually. He said that not only these people but all the manufacturers and wage earners of the United States would be injured if retaliatory measures are to be en forced against our manufactured pro ducts because of the recent decision of the treasury on countervailing Russian duties. Secretary Gage explained at some length that it was useless for any as sociation of manufacturers or any one else to demand of the treasury department the repeal of the coun tervailing duty order. The duty in question, he said, was imposed in ol>e dience to the law of congress and was a matter over which the treasury de partment had no control except to carry out the law. Ofl'era SSOO Reward. Terre Haute, Ind., March 7. —Sheriff Fasig has received notice that the In ternational Council of the World has offered a reward of SSOO for the ar rest and conviction of every person, implicated in the lynching of the negro Ward. The council is incor porated under the laws of the state of Washington, with headquarters at Seattle, and is an association of men and women of African descent. iTlluer* Threaten to Strike. Altoona, Pa., March 7.—At the con vention of bituminous coal miners yesterday the following resolution was adopted: "ft is the sense of this convention that at all collieries where the scale Vie not paid by April 1 work shall be suspended on that date." Michael MeTaggart, one of the leaders of the Miners' union, said: "The field will be tied up April 1 un less we get the eight-hour day, a two thirds differential between machine and pick milling, the abolition of company stores and a dead work scale." 3
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers