THE WAR WITH SPAIN
What Senator Stewart, of Nevada,
Thinks About It,
,tn Hit Judgment We Will llnve More
or liCMN Trouble for (lie \*?*t
T»entj-Ft»f Yeur*— Iy
liolila the l'rexident.
[Special Washington Letter.]
Senator Stewart ,of -Nevada, who came,
tuto publiclife as a senator from .Neva
da iu 18t>3,to-day taid: "1 have viewed
public affairs, as a participant, for more
than a generation. 1 am viewing tiiis
war us 1 viewed the civil war, with a pa
triotic purpose. Hut 1 cannot see the
eud of this war as the younger men see
it. In my judgment this war will lust
for a quarter of a centruy. It will all
be over with Spain iu a short time. But
after that we will have to deal with our
territorial subjects in Puerto llico,
Cuba and the Philippines. 1 do not
question the policy of the administra
tion in its departure from our tradi
tional policy. 1 simply view the future
as it now looms up. We have no assur
ance that the Cubans, Puerto Means
and inhabitants of the Philippines will
be better pleased with our colonial
policy than they have been satisfied
with the policy which Spain ha* pur
sued. I know that the Cubans are
ready to revolt against American rule.
Their vice president is here, lie says
that the Cuban republic must be recog
nized. Those people have fought for
independence. That they will demand.
This is the tirst cloud that appears. We
shall hear from the other islands in a
similar manner from time to time. Even
the most intelligent people cannot
adopt and ratify n»w conditions imme
diately. Many thousands of our own
people have revolted against the con
ditions which came upon them as the
result of the civil war. A generation
had passed, und yet the south was not
content with the general government
until this war with Spain began. We
cannot expect too much of the people
whose territory we are taking. It will
be a long time before our volunteer
\4j \
RAMPART OF CABANAS FORTRESS. HAVANA.
army is disbanded. Those who have
brothers, sons and husbands in our vol
unteer army will wait a long time be
fore they sing that old war song,
"When Johnny comes marching home
again." There is a whole lot of work for
tlie soldier boys to do before the coun
try will again be ut peace with the
whole world. I think that President
Mclvinley realizes that fact, too; and
hence he has issued a second and third
call for volunteers. People generally
overlooked that fact.
"Moreover, 1 am anticipating foreign
Interference," continued the venerable
statesman. "The nations of Europe are
g-azing aghast at the new departures
•ivbich are being taken. It seems to me
•that our vaunted Monroe doctrine has
oeen relegated to the past. We have
•toid the civilized world that we should
■conline ourselves to this continent; and
they expected us to do so. Now we are
taking islands in the Pacific ocean and
In the West Indies, with the further
purpose of goinj' across to take the
Canaries. I am exceedingly apprehen
sive that European nations will de-
WILLIAM M. STEWART.
(United States Ser.ator from Nevada.)
an and that we slay the hand of con
quest."
"What is your idea of the proper con
duct of the war?"
"The war was inevitable. The brand
of Cain is on the brow iff Spain, because
our sailors were assassinated in Ha
vana harbor by the hand of a Spanish
official. The terrific roar which re
verberated in that harbor when the
battleship Maine was destroyed has not
i been forgotten by our people. That is
1 what caused the war. There would
1 have been no war if the Maine had not
\ been blown up and her sailors coward
ly murdered. Spain lias made herself
absolutely responsible for that deed.
She endeavored to lix the responsibility
upon (.'apt. Sigsbee. She has insisted .
upon that course even since it has been
demonstrated that the Maine was blown
up from the outside. For this,l say,
the brand of Cain is upon the brow of
Spain.
"In my judgment the proper conduct
of the war would hare been the organi
sation of an army of »59,0!j0 men or
wore for the purpose of taking posses-
sion of Cuba and of driving the Span
iards from that island. Ihis should
have been followed by the feeding of
the starving reconcentrado#. Then we
should have aided the Cubans iu the es
tablishment of a government of their
own. That is all the war we should
have had."
"Are you opposing the administra
tion in this war'.*"
"On the contrary, I have not made a
single speech in the senate against the
conduct of the war. I have voted for
every war appropriation. I stood by
the president during our civil war, al
though 1 saw many mistakes made by
President Lincoln and his advisers. I
freely criticised then, in private, but 1
sustained the administration during
the war. That is the only patriotic
tiling to do, now and under all circum
stances. We must all follow the com
mander-in-chief in time of war, even if
we do not approve of all the orders
which are issued."
"What will we dc with the Philippine
islands?"
"That is a question which even the
president could not answer at this
time. We have them on our hands, and
we must keep them, or diplomatically
dispose of them, in my opinion we
ought not to have those islands on our
hands. Admiral Dewey's <{reat victory
will live in history as a wonderful naval
achievement. But in my judgment
that victory ought not to have been
won. If I had been president 1 should
have ordered Dewey and his fleet across
the Pacific for th»: purpose of protect
ing our California coast. I would not
have sent him to Manila. Thus we should
have confined our warfare to the At
lantic, and we should not have been ac
cused of waging a war of conquest
against Spain. But that war was neces
sary 1 have never doubted. This na
tion could not have maintained its self
respect without going to war after the
Maine was destroyed. I was one of the
most determined men in congress on
that point.
"You must understand that when a
man reaches my age he looks at things
from a different standpoint, a vastly
different standpoint, from that of youth.
We old fellows know that we cannot
iive many years longer. We love our
country', and we look upon the condi
tions confronting the coming genera
tions just as a father loolts upon the
future of his children. It is because
of this disposition of humanitarian phil
anthropy that I entertain my doubts
concerning the wisdom of the policy
which is being pursued. Ido not ques
tion the integrity of the president any
more than 1 questioned Mr. Lincoln's
integrity. It is a matter of judgment
alone; and my judgment would lead me
to different conclusions than those
which have been actuating the presi
dent in these grave matters."
Senator Stewart is 71 years old, and
has been in public life for 35 years; and
that is longer than some of us have
lived. lie is silver haired, and wears
a long silver beard. And he is known
as a champion of silver coinage. On
that matter he has been regarded by
many as a crank, so extreme is he in
his views and expressions. Hut on gen
eral principles he is a broad-minded
statesman and a man who loves his fel
low men.
His views are sought on all topics o 1
the day by prominent men. Heis usually
wise and far seeing. Therefore, it is
with pleasure that the writer listened
to his views on the conduct of the war.
There were several gentlemen present,
some of whom differed radically with
his views, and he said:
■"Nothing pleases me more than to
s»eet with gentlemen who do not agree
with me. Although lam getting along
in years, I am not too old to learn, and I
listen to the view* of others because 1
always learn something from men
who think for themselves. Too many
men agree with the senators because
they are senators. Every man should
think for himself."
The writer and the readercan well af
ford to listen to a man of that caliber,
even if we differ with him. He is not
dogmatic nor autocratic. He believes
that the views of all intelligent men are
as much entitled to respectful consider
ation as his own. After referring to
some of the policies pursued by Abra
ham Lincoln, which did not meet with
his approval, he said:
"I told Mr. Lincoln that it was un
wise to enlist negroes and make soldiers
of them. We had enough men to fill
the northern armies. The enlistment ol
negroes maddened the people of th<
south and made them vindictive. It
was not necessary. I did not approve
it then. My judgment has not changed
Nevertheless, the freedmen made good
soldiers.
"1 was the last man that ever received
R note written by Mr. Lincoln's hand
I called at the white house on the even
ing of his assassination, and sent ir
my card, requesting an interview, as I
wanted to-introduce a friend from Cal
ifornia, who was to leave the city tha
night. Mr. Lincoln wrote on the back
of my card: 'Dear Senator: I'lease ex
case me, as I am going to the theater
Come to-uiorrovv morning, and I wil
be glad to see'you. A. Lincoln.'
SMITH D FRY.
A leading physician says that pep
per is a deadly poison to the system.
CAMERON COUNTY PRESS, THURSDAY, JULY 21, 1898.
THE MEXICAN HOUSEHOLD.
It la Arriaiiiced und Conducted on UN
lOcolio in lea I and Orderly
I'lan.
The arrangement of furniture in
much more formal than in the United
States. It is a very common sight to
see a splendidly-furnished parlor with
a row of straight-backed chairs all
alike with their backs against the wall
and as close together as they can be
placed clear around the room, says
the Modern Mexican.
Heavy single doors, such as are used
in the United States, are practically
unknown in Mexican houses either at
entrances or between interior rooms.
All doors open in the middle and are
fastened with bolts at top and bot
tom. Exterior doors are always fitted
with glass panels, for they also serve
as windows. All such doors opening on
the street or open courts are fitted
with solid shutters that are folded at
COMMODORE JOHN ADAMS HOWELL, U. S. A.
ft \ Mk
This gallant war veteran has, by order of the president, been placed (n cow
maud of the American squadron that Is blockading the entire coast of Cuba. His
forces are officially known as "the first squadron of the North Atlantic fleet." The
San Francisco will be his flagship, and his principal vessels will be the Minneapo
lis, Columbia, Princeton and Topeka. Commodore Howell is brave, careful, a
strict disciplinarian and a commander of great experience.
the sides out of sight when not in
use.
A good Mexican cook relieves the
mistress of the house of worry and re
sponsibility iu a manner that is al
most unknown in the United States.
The cook is given so much a day.and
with this amount she will purchase
each morning all the provisions for
the day, including even the staples
that arc usually bought in large quan
tities in other countries. On a dollar
a day a cook will provide a very good
table for a family of three or four,
and get enough beans and tortillas and
chile to set the servants' table besides.
They can really do better than their
mistresses, because they can usually
drive sharper bargains with the mar
ketmen of their own class, and they
have more patience to haggle over the
last penny.
Itieyel es on n tiruventone.
There is no record that the bicycle
lias hitherto figured in sculptured
work oil memorial stones iu grave
A TYPICAL SCENE AT MANILA.
The humble homes here shown are called the Nipa houses. Tliey are in
habited by the better class of natives, and are considered quite "swell."
yards, and, according to a London
newspaper, a young widow of Uio de
Janeiro may be accounted u pioneer in
using its presentment for that pur
pose. She was introduced to her late
husband while out wheeling, and or
dered a sculptor to depict the meet
ing, bicycles and all, on the marble
gravestone in alto relievo. The effect
is desc'ribed as more novel than ar
tistic, especially as the lady is chis
eled as attired in rational costume. In
the inscription, which is in Spanish, is
a sentence which may be translated:
"My dear soul had the tire of his life
prematurely punctured."
A I,i» ml of I.oittVr*.
Manila is a land of siestas. All who
can sleep there all day long, and slum
ber I here is reduced to a science. Ham
stocks abound and couches of bamboo
are in -vrery home, hotel, ciub, store
and loafing place.
GEN. ROSSER'S UNIFORM.
in u Flannel slilrl, Shoulder Straps
and a MrliiK Arouml 111* Hat*
lie Hide* « Male.
Among the Virginians who have re
cently visited Washington there has
been no more striking ligure and none
on whom more eyes were turned in ad
miring gaze than the stalwart form
and sunburned, swarthy countenance
of Gen. Thomas L. Kosser, says the
Richmond (Ya.) Times. A newly ap
pointed officer asked Rosser where lie
was going to have his uniforms made
"They will cost you a lot of money,"*
said he."l have had six suits made and
they cost me $700."
"1 w ill only need," responded Rosser,
"a flannel shirt which I can buy here
anywhere on the avenue; a pair of
shoulder straps, and a string or piece
of braid around my hat to designate
that 1 am an officer.
"You will have to get a fine horse.
general," continued the interlocutor.
"Oen. Butler has had a S4OO black stal
lion presented to him, and other gen
erals have secured fine horses."
"Well," replied Rosser, "1 have some
good stock down on my farm; but from
what 1 can learn a horse w ill not be the
suitable thing in Cuba; I think a mule
will be best, and it is my expectation
to ride a mule."
It may be that this confederate vet
eran with his flannel shirt and string
around his hat, bestriding a mule, will
not be exactly in trim to court an
amorous looking glass or caper nim
bly in a lady's chamber to the lascivi
ous pleading of a lute, but for a Black
Douglas ready for the devil's own work
in desperate encounter commend us
to the "Prince of Albemarle."
Can Afford to Ilnve a Cow.
Just after President McKinley's in
auguration he had his relatives who
were in the city at a family dinner at
the white house, says the Ladies' Home
Journal in an illustrated anecdotal
biography of the president. It was a
large company, and a very good din
ner. Dear old Mother McKinley was
there, luit she was. not very talkative.
She was too happy for words Hut she
kept ;j sharp eye on the dinner, and Ho
detail of it escaped her. She was im
pressed by the quantity of cream
served with the fruit and coffee, for
she looked up at her son in her sweet
way and said: "William, you must
keep a cow now." Some of the young
er members of the family party found
it diflieult to suppress a smile, but the
president, with his usual tact and
graeiotisness, replied: "Yes, mother,
we can afford to have a cow now, rind
have all the cream we can possibly
»ise."
It Would Sound tlii* Kflllto.
'Twould look a little p-q-liar at ,"»\st,
but why not spell it Q-ba? —1.. W l.'i.i
letin.
BLANCO WAS DESPERATE.
A K«'|mrt Come* from Havana tln*t the
CuptMin <iPii«nil Attempted fiuU'ide—l)l#-
tr*?4d in thtt Caimn Capital lnereaM«n,
Key West, July 14. —According to
advices from Havana received here
yesterday, (ien. Illanco attempted to
commit suicide when he learned be
yond doubt that C'ervera's squadron
had been annihilated.
i.ong before the Spanish admiral's
gallant dash out of Santiago harbor
Havana had been boasting of ins abil
ity to outwit llie Americans, and
when misleading dispatches gave the
impression that lit- had eluded the
American fleet the demonstration of
joy in the Cuban capital partook of
the nature of a festival. When the
true story of the defeat came it was
discredited until definite confirmation
from Madrid no longer left room for
hope, (iloom settled upon the city, all
gaieties were stopped and every public
and many private buildings were
hung with crape.
Illanco was in the palace when the
intelligence reached him and he be
came almost frenzied, lie was closet
ed with his staff and (ien. Arolas, tlis
eussing the news when he made the
attempt on his life. After a struggle
he was subdued and disarmed, but
the shock was so severe that he was
prostrated and compelled to keep his
lied for several days. When he arose
his first order was to prohibit any
food supplies leaving Havana for in
terior towns, where the distress is
most poignant and where many are
starving daily.
This and other valuable information
was brought by .lose Itlanco, who in
lignantly repudiated a suggestion of
kinship with the governor general.
Hi> says he is a loyal Cuban and es
caped to avoid fighting against his
MIISO. as every male in the island who
is able to bear arms is being pressed
into the Spanish service.
Hlaneo says the living conditions in
Havana are constantly growing worse,
the greatest distress necessarily fall
ing on the Cubans, because nearly all
the food is seized for the troops, of
which there are about 70.000 in the
city. Their rations are largely rice
ind beans without even bacon. Jerked
beef sells for 30 cents a pound, bread
of poor quality for 50 cents, lard sl,
meat 7."> cents, corn meal 25 cents and
rice 50 cents. Shark food is eagerly
sought and the day before Hlaneo left
the city a shark caught in Havana
harbor soid for $13.50.
Those of the reconcentrados who
have sufficient influence with the dis
pensing authorities sometimes con
trive to get one wretched meal a day.
but the others starve and it is no
uncommon thing to see persons drop
dead in the streets. Even among the
Spaniards starvation is rapidly sap
ping their loyalty.
PARTY WORKERS.
riie.v Angemble In Olnall* lit tlie National
Convention of Kepuhllean l.eatfue CltihM.
Omaha, Neb., July 14. —Facing a
stage decorated with a profusion of
cut flowers and under the folds of a
flag that waved in the breeze of an
electric fan, the delegates to the Na
tional League of Republican Clubs
e.un" to oidt r yesterday in 80/ dV
theatre. President. Crawford calico
the convention to order, (ien. Web
ster, of Omaha, delivered an address
of welcome on behalf of Nebraska,
and President Winter, of the Nebraska
league, spoke for his organization, he
being followed by Mayor Moore, who
spoke for Omaha. President Craw
ford, of the National league, then de
livered his annual address. At the
close of Craw-ford's speech a telegram
Of congratulation was sent to Presi
dent Me Kin ley. Robert W. Shingle,
of Honolulu, was elected as a delegate
from Hawaii.
No session of the league was held
in the afternoon. The campaign for
the office of president is engrossing
most of the attention. The Pennsyl
vania delegates are pushing the claims
of their candidate, Isador Sabel, of
Erie. K. N. Dingley, of Kalamazoo,
Mich., son of Congressman Dingley of
Maine, is making a hot canvass for the
position. J. Cookman I'oyd, of Mary
land. is prosecuting his campaign with
vigor. Col. W. J. Stone, of California,
is also a candidate. Los Angeles, St.
Paul and (ialveston are trying to se
cure the next national convention.
IN A DEATH TRAP.
A Varnish lartory Burn* anil Three Mei.
are Killed.
Racine, Wis., July 14. Fire late
Wednesday afternoon destroyed tlip
large three-story structure of the Ra
cine Malleable and Wrought Iron Co.,
resulting in a pecuniary loss of SIOO.-
000. together with three lives and
serious injury to u score or more.
The dead as far as known are as fol
lows :
John Kecfe.
(ins Knofski.
I'nidentiticd body, supposed to be
Adelbert llollister.
The fire started in the varnish room
and so little was thought of the blaze
at first that the men in the room did
not give the alarm, thinking they
could put it out without the assistance
of the fire department. Suddenly the
flames leaped out into the main shop
and enveloped the whole building, in
which were 14 ;nen. Those on the
ground floor had no trouble in escap
ing and most of the men on the sec
ond floor got out without in jury. The
men on the third floor were caught in
a trap. So sudden did the flames reach
them that several were blinded or
suffocated by the smoke before help
could reach them.
C»'i I'ire ltiglit Into the C ity.
Off Juragtia, Cuba, July 14. The
late arrivals of volunteers were moved
up from Juragua and the First Illi
nois. the Eighth Ohio and First Dis
trict of Columbia were located in the
trenches vacated by Lawlou's men.
liines' battery was swung around to
the north, closely connecting with
T.,nwton's forces, and now occupies a
bluff from which it can fire directly
into the heart of Santiago. This is
an important move, as it enables the
American forces to shell the city with
out injuring the hospitals and public
building's, which are flying the Red
Cross Hag.
A CLEAN SWEEP.
Triumph of American Army
is Complete.
DETAILS OF SURRENDER.
Toral is Disposed to (Quibble Over
the Terms.
MILKS TOOK NO PART IN T> XT.
Itfftiljpfls itro to bo AUoweil to Rotnrn ■*.«»
the City of KiintUgo an<t a Clos« tjuarit
of American Troops Wilt Keep Cuban
Soldier* Out*
Willi tIn 1 Cnited States Troops T'e
fore Ssinti:i|>"<> (It- < ulia, .Inly It').- The
reverse to the Spanish arms in eastern
Cuba is complete. Santiago lias fallen,
and with it all the.eastern eml of the
island.
All the Spanish troops in the Fourth
corps, the military division of San
tiago provinee, from a line drawn
north from Aeceraderos, is miles west
of Santiago, through I.as I'almas and
Alcantara, to Sagua de Tanatno, on
the north coast and eastward to Cape
Maysi, are surrendered and the terri
tory is abandoned. lietween 18,000
anil 20,000 Spanish prisoners are taken,
about 10.000 of whom are in Santiago.
The remainder are at (inantanamo and
others are garrisoned in the towns of
eastern Cuba. All these troops are to
be sent back to Spain under parole.
(ten. Toral must have realized that
he was trapped and to hold out longer
must, mean a useless sacrifice of his
men, but he made one last effort to
gain more time. While nominally
yielding to the terms Shafter pro
posed, before 8 a. m. Thursday he
sent a communication to Shafter en
closing a copy of a telegram from
(ien. lilaneo explaining that the sur
render of Santiago and the abandon
ment. of eastern Cuba would require
the direct sanction of the Madrid gov
ernment and requesting more time to
hear from Madrid. At the same time
(ien. Blanco authorized Toral, if it was
agreeable to the American general, to
appoint commissioners on each side
to arrange the terms of the capitula
tion of the forces under his command,
oti the condition of their parole and
transportation to Spain, pending the
sanction of Madrid. lie also sent the
names of the commissioners he had
selected, namely Mr. Robert Mason,
the l'ritish vice consul: (ien. Toral's
chief of staff. Col. Fontaine, and (ien.
Ksearajo.
This communication was so ambigu
ous that it might all be upset by the
refusal of Madrid to sanction the
terms agreed to by the commissioners
and Shatter resolved to have all the
ambiguity removed before proceeding
further. At 11 o'clock he mounted his
horse and together with (ien. Miles
and their staffs he rode to the front.
At (ien. Wheeler's headquarters (ien.
Shafter, (ien. Miles. Col. Mails and an
interpreter left their retinue and
passed on over our trenches with a
flag of truce, to the mango tree under
which the interview was held Wednes
day. They were soon joined by (len.
Toral, his chief of staff and the two
other commissioners appo'gttcd Ijy
him. (ien. Miies took no part in the
negotiations.
(ien. Shatter insisted that the com
missioners to be appointed should
have paramount authority to make
and conclude the terms of surrender in
accordance with our demands. Gen.
Toral acceded to this, explaining that
since his last communication lie had
received authority from (ien. Klanco to
do so. This being the main point, the
interview was soon concluded.
CICII. Shafter appointed (ien. Wheel
er, (ien. I.awton and (apt. Mi ley to be
commissioners on his behalf to treat
with those appointed by Cien. Tyral.
He then issued orders to permit our
troops to retire from the trenches, but
forbid any soldier or civilian from go
ing into the Spanish lines. The refu
gees are to be permitted 1o return to
their homes, but neither our troops
nor the Cuban auxiliaries are to enter
the city at present.
The order as to the Cubans is very
specific. They have shown a disposi
tion to loot everything, but they are
not to have the privilege of glutting
their appetites for plunder.
A guard is to be maintained about
the city and the camps of our soldiers
are to be removed just to the front or
to the rear of our lines.
The whole purpose of the American
commander now is to protect the
health of the army, especially from
the dreaded contagion. It is claimed
there is no fever in Santiago, but the
city is full of filth and if our men
are allowed togo in it will undoubt
edly become a pesthole.
(ien. Shafter appointed Col. Astor
and ('apt. McKitti'ick to convey the
welcome tidings along the lines. Rome
of the ollicers favored celebrating the
victory with bands and a noisy dem
onstration, but Shafter vetoed the
proposition. He said there was no oc
casion to humiliate the enemy, which
had fought bravely. Not even cheer
ing was to be permitted, but before
Astor and MeKittriek could warn the
soldiers the latter broke out into wild
hurrahs.
(ien. Toral requested that liis men
be provided with food, saying there
was very little food in Santiago.
Our commissioners, accompanied by
an interpreter, entered the Spanish
lines shortly sifter ~ o'clock and had
not returned when the correspondent
left with this dispatch.
Washington. July 111. After a con
ference with llie president last, night
at which three other members of the
cabinet were present. Secretary Alger
said,: "The situation is just this. The
Spaniards at Santiago are prepared to
surrender, but want to carry
their arms. We have determined to
grant no such concession nor any con
cession except to transport them to
epaiu."
3