11P2ORT OF Tllt 110 N. JAW; TRONCESON , $ Chaitmos. tithe AulMiary Committee. The Committee on the Judiciary, to whom were re - : rested 'the memorials of citizens of several of the States of the United States, praying that the of fice of chaplain in the army; navy,at West Point, of ndianatations;and in both houses of Congress; be abolished, respectfully report: That they have had the subject under considera tion, and, after careful investigation, are not pr6pared to come to the conclusion indicated -as desired by tho memorialists. The 'constitution, in 'express tOrmts•confers upon Congress the power "to raise and aupportztrmies," and to "provide for and support a navy," and No make rules for the government and regulation , of the land and naval forces." it is silent 'in - regard to their construction. The. officers and 1 material to constitute these branchersof the public service, were left with those who should exercise the power of creating them. Islu s enumeration of of fleets or of their fUnctions is given, and no space lion in relation thereto is made, 'excepting only, that the President of the United States be commander-in thief. That they were' obe constituted uson the 1 rules and articles of war, and regulations of 'naval service known,and understood at the time, seems-to be a necessary implication, without 'resorting to which, they could not be constituted at all—subject, however, to the necessary qualification that in noth ing should they transcend the limitations and guar - unties of the constitution itself, Without goik; nut of the history of our own Country, itlmay be remark ed that, during the wet or the RevolOtiou, and in the armies of that eventful period, the office of chap lain existed, was maintained, and discharged its ap propriate functions, at the public expense. No jeal ously seemed to exist in regard,to it as "an establish. ment" of religion of that day; and we learn from the history of the times, that the heroes of the revolu tionary army regarded it, with the consideration duo to its position and functions as such. Having thus • existed prior to the adoption of the constitution, can it well be doubted that, in the absence of all enumer on the subject of The officers necessary to' tenants tute an army, it was fully within the power of Con s cress to provide for the appointment-of chaplains as that of surgeons, or any of the numerous employees in the medical staff? To "raise and eupport ar mies; and to "provide and maintain a navy," are very general grants; but their execution does not rest entirely on implication either, as the constitu tion expressly provides that Congress shall have power "to make all laws which shall .be :necssary and proper to carry into execution the foregoing powers." The right ro create the office is clear of difficulty unless it unfringos upon a contained in the first amendaient to the constitution. The amendment just referred to contains the clause: "Congress shall make no law respecting an es tablishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof." it is obvious that the end to be secured by this wise and proper provi sion was entire freedom of conscience; and tho evil to be avoided was the recurrence of that system which might arise on the ruins of catch free dom—commending itself, not by the virtues it might , teach but by the secular fear that should induce obe dience to it. Such systeins had existed, and had ' exerted over mankind their baleful and retarding in fluence; and men had yielded obedience to them, rather in conformity to law than the dictates of con science. Against such systems our ancestors had over struggled, and the constitution but perpetua • tes their sentiments, in the insurmountable barrier it interposes against them. There can be no reli gious "establishment" without -a disregard of its provisions; and any approximation towards it would be struck down by the spirits of religious tolerance, EI6 necessary'to purity of faith, as freedom of con science to liberty itself,. Dot in thus jealously guar ding against the existence of laws "respecting an establishment of religion," it cannot justly be :infer red that religion should nut exist, and be; regarded and respected where it might be, without injury to the ,entire tolerance guarantied. "An establish ment" of religion is something defined, distiective, and wearing the same form and peculiarities every where, and by whomsoever adminiitered. it admits of no diversity in featiires or subsistence; and those who enter its temples io minister at its altars, must first bo measured by, and come up to its standards. It conforms to the sentiment of no votary: all who embrace it must believe it, if they would be its dis ciples. , Does the employment .A_ chandeleis s its fhp Arms -vmra-rmr.frarlarrenfarmat fir Opt St:i'l Ka:, 1.:21D IM I, ODy CD the characteristics of a religious establishment, or patent the appearance or any tendency thereto?— There is no standard cif faith to be measured by, or form of worship that must be followed. Practice has required that theylbe simply, ministers of the gospel.' They are as diverse -in opinions almost as the theatres of their respectfve employment are va rious. Of the thirty mployed at present in the Ei, army, almost every pr velem Christain creed has its representative. No andard is required as a pre requisite for appointor nt but that already noticed. 'We Might refer the question to the numerous and respectable memorialiets themselves, Whether there in anything like and eitablishnient, or a tendency in that direction, in the pi'actice thus stated? It seems to your committee that the answer could not -but be in the negative. Nor can there be a probability, while our government continues to be administered by the people, through their agents, frequently ap pointed and- frequently changed, that any one denom - ination of religion wilt ever gain an ascendancy, in the appointment of these officers, is advance of its numerical force, over any others in the country.— In this commit*, it may also be remarked—anti we do So with pleasure—that the very joalosly of the admixture of seculiar and sacred things, in the halls of legis'ati us et ince I by the petition°. e, argues the great security that the constitutional prohibition possesses, should it ever be in danger of a real at tack. . Your committee do not mean to elaborate the . ex pediency of the practice. It has long been in use and well known to the people. We find an article of war adopted in Congress in September, 1776, by which it is provided that "every chaplain who is commissioned to a regiment, company, er troop, or garrison, who shall absent himself frum the said regime* company,, troop, or garrison, (excepting in case of sickness or leave of absence,) shall be brought to a court-martial and -fined not exceeding . one month's pay, besides the loss of his pay daring his absence, or be dis Charged, as the said court-mar tial shall judge most proper." Thus it was estab lished, and remained on this footing, in the revolu tionary army. By the act of March, 1791, "for rais ing and adding another regiment to the military es tablishment," the office is again recognized and provided for; soil was in 1812, and has so continued over since. . Thus has it been introduced, and its propriety rests, we think, on many considerations that estab lish that propriety, beyond the reach of all just criticism, much less of just condemnation. Were the office abolished, the soldier or sailor might with more than a show of plausibility complain that the "free exercise" of religion was denied'hini; that his constitutional rights were infringed. The nature of his employment and the necessity of discipline are such that ho is not at liberty, to go, and copy the "free exercise thereof," as the Constitution pro -sides. He must remain at his post. 'fling might - ho be deprived of the 'opportunity that all others not similarly engaged enjoy; and ho might be heard• ' with justice and reason to complain, if the opportn • pity to attend religious worship was not provided for him through di4 medium of the office in goes . tion. But nothing will serve to illustrate the propriety and expediency . of tho measure so wcp, as to eon elder it 1,1.400 to the foreign service of the army and navy: 'Yertions of our naval forces are at all time' on. some distant coast—often on statims where nut only the language of the people is strange, shut their rites.aro ebhorent. He often finds him self where no holy day or Christian service Would ever remind him of his distant home in a Christian land, were it not fothe provision tire government has kindly made for ri m. Would it not be a priva tise to deprive him o -it? Could it benefit him to ' do apt If he heard n sound of the gospel in lan guage familiar to his ears, and in forms well suited to his understanding, would lie be a better soldier or more obedient sailor? The experience of the service will not answer these questions in the ef firmetive. But recently it has been the lot of our country to be engeged in a foreign war, in- which it became necessary to send her citizen-soldiers into _an ene tny's country.... The language of thepeople, their customs and mode of worship, were alike strangers to them. Besides, all were enemies—the priest no less so than the people; and, however much desired cr necessary to morals - and discipline the adminie tration of the unostentatious, ,religion 'Of our Oita country, its advantages would bedit ghtliely foregone, had not the government justly provided for its ministration ; under such circumstances. To, have refused this, would have placed. our 'fellow citizens on a very different footing from the rest of their countrymen,.and would have been esteemed as a great privation by many, ir•not Ilk_ all good soldiers. The spirit of Christianity has ever had a tendency to mitigate the rigors of war; if as yet it has not been entirely able to prevent it; to dead to acts of charity and kindness; and to humamize the heart. It was true philanthropy, therefore, to in• troduce this mitigating influence where, of all other places, its fruits were to be must beneficially real ized, namely, into the army and navy; and to abol ish it, in this Christian ago of the world, would seem like cetrogading, rather than adinincing iii civ ilization.. While much good 'and no perceptible evil has resulted (aim the practice; while no con stitutional prohibition exists in relation to it; while diversity of faith is tolerated as freely as the con stitual requirement, in the minister, as- well as in those for whom he officiates; nod while theexpense is so small as not to be felt by any one,—yonrcpm mittee do not think it necessary t.) interfere with the office of chaplain, as it exists at present in - the army. and natty. In the last-named branch 'bribe sort ice, the number of chaplains is twenty-font% In regard to the office of chaplain at West Point, it is only necessary to remark that this institution is port of the military establishment of the Uniied States; and, the discipline being the s saine, a similar haessitY exists fur the office of chaplain *within it (if•not to a greater extent) as in the army at mili tary posts exclusively. The'chaplain in that in stitution is also one of its professors. The petitioners also pray for its abolition at "In dian stations." On inquiry of the Indian Bureau, it, has been ascertained that no such office exists at such stations, and that when clergymen are employ es) at such points it is as teachers of schools 'only. They also ask for the abolition of the office of chaplain to the houses of Congress. The propriety and necessity for their employment at the Capitol does not, perhaps, stand upon an ,equal footing in some respects with that of the services already re ferred to. The constitutional right to appoint such officers, and tdpay them, on the part of the respec tive houses, will admit, we think,of no doubt. It is provided in section 2 of article 1 of the constitution, among other things, that "the House of Represen tatives shall choose their speaker and other officers," &c.; and in section 3 of the-same article, that "the Senate shall choose their other officers," '(the presi ding offieer being the Vice President of the United States,) "awl a president pro tempore." Under those provisions, the respective houses have at all times appointed all and every officer and employe deemed proper or necessary. Time and usage have given sanction to the employment of chaplains. The Congress of 1775, that met in Carpenter's had their chaplain; and their' successor in 1776 seemed' to sanction by their practice that it was "not unbecoming" that the custom should be contin ued. So in 1799, in the first Congress under the constitution, chaplains were elected, and 'it is be- lieved hareso continued to be ever since. A due regard for religion is the sentiment of our country; and in accordance with this sentiment, an acknowl edgement on behalf of the people of this happy land of their gratitude to Divine Providence fur hberty, freedom of conscience, and national prosperity, at the instance of some eminently spiritual and good man, chosen by their representatives, has received their sanction for many years, as peculiarly' proper and right. And who will say it is wrong? 'Nor has the eoloction ever been sectarian. A joint rule of the two houses requires that both °belt unt ho of the same denomination of Christians; and this rule is strictly observed. Directly the opposite of an uestablisehment" of religion is thus clearly evinced by the practice of the houses of Congress in regard to this office. The salary of each of the chaplains thus appointed is e5OO per annum, making an ag gregate of $4OOO. As a burden on the treasury, it is certainly very light, and could not, if appor tioned among the people, he more than the two-hun dreth part of a cent, to each of them. Your committee, from this brief eisminagon of the pram of the numerous and reapectablit peti tioners, cannot come to the, conclusion desired by them. • • The Sndwieh Islands. The Polynesian, the otilciai journal of the Haw aiian Government, published weekly at Honolulu, discusses at sem: length the property of the annexa tion of the Sandwich Islands to the United States. As a matter of right, it thinks that the Hairelien people might as well talk of annexing California and Oregon, as the American people of annexing the Hawaiian Islands. The Polynesian thus specula tes and reasons: • "It is true the native population is decreasing gen erally, but not. in all parts of the, islands. In some few, where the natives.have becOme inured to labor, of late years the births have been found to exceed the deaths. It is hoped that with an increase of in dustry depopulation will cease. Besides, the popu lation of fureigners and mixed breeds is susceptoble of an increase quite equal, and oven far exceding the yearly decrease of pure natives, so that even were the latter to waste away, the nationality of the flaw - aiian Islands might still, be preserved. "It is of importance even to the United States, that suat nationality-should be prescrbed, for under an independent government, as at. present, they are always sure of the rights of the most favored notion, and if an attempt at annexation should be made, other great mercantile nations would apprehend that the United States n,imed at ,something para mount in the northern Pacific, their jealously would becxcited, a claim ofsovert4guty now absolute might be revived, a war might ensue, and after an expendi ture of fifty or ono hundred millions of dollars, it mlnlit be doubtful in whose hands theislands would eventually remain. "At present, under his majesty Kamahameha 111., all nations have equal rights: it is his policy to pre serve things so, and it would be wiser in all mare time and commercial nations, to assist him in main taining that equality, than by countenancing either annexation or a transfer bysale, for 'bonito hate to fight for it. . "The geographical position of the islands is too important for either nations to acquience quietly in their annexation to, or subjugation by, any other for eign State. "Under King Kamehameha and his dynasty the islands, belheir population native, foreign, or mixed, can never become - a source.of danger or injury to other poweri but were the islands annexed to the United States, or colonies of Great Britain, or France, or Russia, the case ivould bo very different. "As for selling the 'islands, that is a thing not to be thought of. The king is fully able to govern them, as their lawful sovereign, and he is not going to barter away his domain and his subjects, as a far mer would his farm and the cattle upon it. He has . the solemn guarantee of England and France that they will respect his sovereignty so long as he exer cises it with due regularity towards foreign nations, and were the United States to act otherwise they would lose more , in character than the value of the whole islands. • "Both in Great Br'itain and the United States, there is such a thing os piddle conscience, which re sists the voice of such charmos. Amidst the con vulsions of Europe, the rights and immunities of the small republic of San Marino have been respebted by.all nations, and it week: ho strange, indeed, 'if the greatest republic of the s New World could disre gard those of the small king.dom of the Sandwich Islands.", \ Owe IT WITII A Itasn.—Weind the follow ing In ono of our northern exchange ;--Married, in Marcellus, New York, on the 28th- ult v Mr. Syl \ veiter Smith to Misi Lydia -Duncan; M . Serene Smith to Cothia Duncan; and Mr. Cherie Duncan to Miss Emma Smith, all of that place. These' marriages were all solemnized at the house o \‘fr. Benjamin Stanton Smith, father of Senora end Em ma, and brother of SylVesrer Smith. Charles Dun can is brother to Lydia and;Cothia Duncan; and . Sy lvester Smith is uncle to Senora and Emma Smith. MI the parties except Sylvester, are under twenty years -Of oge. . • Tun Cmirva. Qvrar.Asin I.vun.—The camels re cently imported jute 'llattinvare, it.tieetn.% aro inten ded fur an overland caravan; "which' isto leave Inde pendence for Sen'Frencisco every month, 'commen cing nexti3une. Hand Er. Howes, thec:rcus propri etors, it is said, are at the heed of the enterprise, and fifty-three camels . are on their way to this country. This will be a novel mode of traveling in this country. • • News by Telegraph to MdMo. b'ions Dl93o.bes to 114 Outllo papery. Now Yog i 444,11)3.41N The steadtahlp Chstakee saijed tb'Oay for thagreir .with 130 passengers; the moito(whintii ; were Wind for the geld reglone of California. 'Cho sietitn chip Georgia also sailed for the same destination with 472 passengers. The-Empire City.hati-a large paasenger list engaged, and will sail on Monday et 3P. M. The steamship Repub liC sailed for Ban Francisco via Rio innate and Cape Horn. . Witsararrms; Apr4 , l3. Mr. Campbell. Ciork of ilie House; died at 1 o'clock this morning. , Mr:Cluy was'complimented on' his birth night with a brilliant , serenade 'last avening.•• The great Statesman returned thanks to the citizens of Washington for their coatinuallogard. •and hoped they might long bye to enjoy the blessings of this • glorious,' Haien. 'His. speech was eloquent and patriotic. and was received with' immense enthusiam. • Los 9 Or, Tllll. SCIIOOXY4 . Tho Keyptono Steto just down froatiho, Upper jatices,roports. that no Wednesday morning last the Schr. Lawrence, Capt., Sluirt, of hfilwaukee.- With ,11,01* bushels of wheat, was sunk.about a mile to, westward of Helena in 8 feet water. being cut through by the ice. Sho sunk in fifecon minutes after the look was discovered, giving the Cap tain and crew barely time to -lower the yawl ,and 116Y0 themselves. Capt. Short saya,the vessel struck the pier last fall and started a butt and the ice probably started it again. Cs.Erxr,*no. April 15-41 A. Al The steamer Atlantic went ashore at tifliit no Pelee, on the Canada shore, Sunday night she ukr. o'clock du ring the' gale. They were obliged to scuttle her All the passengers are on board the steamer Keystone State safe WASHINOTON, April 15. Mr. Campbell's remains, accompanied by his on and the Hon: Josiah Anderson, of Tenn, loft Washington yesterday morning, by tho southern boat, for Knoxville His funeral sermon was preached in the House by the Chaplain. An election for his successor will take place Tuesday. 1 - Tho present reading Clerk is Josiah C. Wal ker, Albert Smith of Maine, Forney, St. Clair Clarke, Gen Walbrigo and others are mentioned as candidates. Mr. Franklin H. Elmore has accopted the appointmont tendered hint by the Governor to fill the tho vacancy oc casioned by the death of Hon. J. C. Calhirm. The Nicarauga treaty has boon completed and its stip ulations all agreed upon, and has boon copied ready for signatures. It will be signed in the beginning of this week, when,it will be at once transmitted to the Senate. John Maroo a . young man formerly employed in the Western Telegraph office, hung himself yeaterday— cause, mental abborratiod. Tho wholesale grocery or Oliver. Bannon & Mor ton, was burned about 7 o'clock P. M., ou Saturday.— They lost all their books. They had just commenced business, and had a very largo stock of goods on hand. Tho commission house of J. W. Clarkson, adjoining, wa s partially burned. Tho contents wore saved in a badly damaged condition. Tho building belonged, to R. Birch, and was a large three story house, buil lest year. Tho loss on stock and buildings is estimated At from 1115,000 to $29,000. There was a partial insurance. Wesuitievos, April 15. The committee on reset s . am unwiring . a a report on the free navigation of the Rive; St. Lawren ce, and they will probably reccommend the president to outer into negociations concerning it with the British government. Capt. James Macintosh has boon ordorod to tho command of the frigate Congress, now lying at Norfolk. Senator .Rusk reported the House bill for the relief of tho Wilmington and Raleigh railroad. Amended end passed. Tho Secretary of Stato communicated informa tion respecting the correspondence with the British Gov ernment on the claims of American citizens. Mimic. —When the renittog eommeneed,rfatling the proceedings, Mr. Hall ,rose up and *lnquired 'under what authority the; proceedings were mado up. Ho had no idea of a clerk being foisted on the House as doorkeep er was. The chair ruled the proceedings as proper, and the clerk continued. Mr. Harris of Illinois moved to pro ceed to the election of clerk. Mr. Brown of Miss.. offer ed an amendment rescinding the resolution in reference 'to doorkeeper, which was ruled out. Ho afterwards ap pealed from tho chair, and was' sustained. Mr. iihr•ial resolution was adopted. NNW YORK. 16-7 P. M. ' Mr. Edvnird Moore, a respectablo citizen of - Newport, R. 1., left the Astor HOOBO on the 6th inst., to go to Or ange. Now Jersey by the 4 o'clock train, and has ne t since boon hoard of. A reward of $3OO has been offered for his recovery by Mr. C.'II. Ifeckshor. 44 South street . In tho Pennsylvania lanislature, tho bill to prohibit banks from issuing notes of less denomination than $5;- passod, ayes 54, nays 24. It prohibits all farther circula tion ofvelief motes., 0101.F711A AT DOSALDSONVILLE, LA.--Thirloorl deaths by cholera have occurrod among the nogrocs on plantation. Donaldsonvillo, Lonisana, iu tho two wooks prior to - March 21. Many of the cases proved fatal with in itis hours alter the attack. There had been occasional cases end deaths also on two other plantations. Another fight among the Philadelphia firemen occur red fast night. The report says that guns and pis tols wo re disehared. both In tne street, and from adjoining houses. A small boy. John Parley, was iu the arm and hand. CAST loos houses.—A new style of building has been introduced during . the past year, and sit hough attention has been drawn'tolt before in our columns yet its growing importance. seems to warrant our chronicling its progress. The United States Gov atunent, through its agent, Mr. Petit, ordered, some time since, a new Custom House and public buildings for San ranciaco of cold iron, and by the list accounts we learn thavne of them is already' there and up. The War Department, we are infor med, has concluded to adopt this kind of building for arsenals and other .uses. In this city, besides those already noticed by us, there is a building now going up in the rear of the Astor House.* They consist of a cast iron frame, the sills of which are cast is sections of about five feetin length, and fastened together by screws and bolts. On each of these joint stands cast iron pillars, which are firmly fastened to each end of jointed sill, thus rendering the whole perfectly compact, These pil lars again support another row of cast iron anis, and , on these again stand another row of pillars. The strength of the whole building depends upon this skeleteton, which is so tenacious that if all the pil lars of the first story are token may, excepting the extreme ones, the building will still be firm, as an arch. The advantages of this mode are -its great strength, its tenacity is resisting any shock, its free admission of light, its perfect ventilation, and the cheapnes and facility with which any archtitectural ornament or groupings of sculpture may he introdu ced, whenever suitable.—N. Y. Jour. Csm. INVASION OF CUBA .—Rumors from distant points of the Union tend to confirm the suspicions thrown out in an article which appeared in this journal the other day, that en enterprise is on foot again for the invasion of Cuba. The rendezvous now is at Cha gres,—of course out of, and away from, the jurisdic tion of this Government. Geocial Taylor, however. will will see to it that'nothing is`done hero that will either affotd a -connecting link , with the invasiotiists, or in any way eompromiselhe neutrality of the Un ited States: If the expedition which is now • fitting out be undertaken in good faith, there is every rear Iron to believe it will meet with.a desperate resist . ce from the Cuban authoritiee, who, our private a , ices assure us, ore not • unacquainted with the pl a n f operations the "enemy" prop* to puraue. It i said there are 20,900 troops at present in "Cuba, t oiigh - a`good deaf'scattered. It" is further Said that appal from the United'States his been In veiled in p party in Cubs, with a view to profit by an early chi e. ' , , , , The last Lo don edvices state, on the authority of private lettersirom Madrid, that the Spanish Gov ernment has dispat c hed Gen. Mirage' on an Ott/nor'- dinar) , minion to üba, - In connection' with this niatter.—.N. Y. Express. Dimwit. April 12 BALTIAIORK. April 15 LoutsviLLE, April 15 WASHINGTON. April 16 Erie *titfil dlot.ruo; E P A. ; 13/e1 tinDA:y MORNING. App.. 20, DEMOCRATIC COMITY. CONVENTION. The Democratic Electors of this county are requested to meet at theplace ofhold nig Elections in their- several ,Election Dis - On fraturday, the 4th day 0f11ay,,1850. 4t, 4 o'clock, and select the usual number of Delegates to attend a County Convention to be held at the Court House in the Borough of ,Brie on the following Monday, at I o'clock, P. M., for the pur pose or selecting delegates to represent the county in the state and Congressional Con ventions at Williamsport and Warren. DAVID OLIN, W. A. GALBRAITH, P E. W., GERRISH, , ca WM. W. WYATT, HENRY GINGRICH, I. WM. G. ARBUCKLE, - MURRAY WHALLON, - Eric, April 18, 1850. • Auditor and Surveyor General. -Ae Gov. Johntson has concluded not to veto the bill making these officers elective by the people, it will be the duty of the Democracy to placo in nomination candi dates at their convention at Williamsport. in May. or at some other time. hereafter to be named. For our part we are in favor of making the nominations at Williamsport. We °anise° no good reason for calling another convention, and have no doubt all parties can be as fairly dealt with then as atany other time. As our delegates are hereaf ter to be appointed, they can be instructed, if instruction is deemed proper; and as to the othor counties which haw:dmtidy appointed, they can do so with less trouble than to send delegates to a new Conventionl Gen. Seth Clover, of Clarion. Wo 'lmo that Col: Vincent Phelps. of Criwford. has boon appointed Senatorial deligate from Crawford and Veining°, to the Williamsport convention. and instruct ed to support Gon. SETH CLOVER. of Clarion. for Canal Commissioner. This is right, and we trust . Erie county will instruct in like manner on the 6th inst. It duo to Clarion that we slreuld do so. For throe successive con groseinal elections the Democracy of that county haVo nobly supported our candidate for Congress. In no in stance have they faked. They now present a Candi date for a State offico—a gentleman every way qualified for the post' be sioks—a true and reliable Democrat—and ask us to support him before the convention._ Every principlO of honor and justice demands that we should respond to that request with unreserved and unqualified instructions, and wo trust the Convention will du so. Gov. Johnston's Veto : —Whig Consiotenoy. We have always considered the veto power the sheet anchor of Legislation, and have contended invariablylhat the Executive was as much a part of the Law-making power as either branch of the Legislature. Hence when .1.. T hi s . WI - bathed their dangerous theory—a theory of "Demagogues—that the duties of the E.xecuuvu ;Toro °im ply to sign all , bills presented to him, without question, we denounced it as subversive of one of the fundamental articles of our republican structure, and calculated, if carried out in good faith, to produce the direst evils to the people and the commonwealth. This opposition to the "Kingly prerogative of the veto," as the whigs de= lighted to call it, our readers will recollect was the war cry of the orators of Taylor and Johnston in the cam paign of '4B, and resulted in their election, both of whom were pledged, if men can be pledged, never to use it.' Talk to them about its necessity in cases ofdoubtful COU gtitutionaitr. and they would toll you the Supreme Court was the proper exponent of constitutional law—the pro per tribunal before whine bar questiops of constitution alityaheuld be tried. The Executive was the mere exe cutive Of the people's will as expressed through their re presentatives. His voice in legislation was to bo. silent. His station simplifiel to that of a mere Clerk. Instead of the officer of responsibility, be was an officer of no re.yonsiblllty, and many and pathetic were the appeals to the people by their party orators in favor of such a ~b lessed reform." There were to be no more Jackson., no more Polks, and "blessings to- Pennsylva nine' no more Shunks! The wheels of Legislation were to roll along as quietly and swiftly as &railroad car down an inclined plane. No Executive vetoes were to jar them °tram track".—no Executive influence was to interfere with the legitimate duties of the servants of the people. But how unstable are all human calculatioiie--L.and more especially, whig calculations. To ndOpt the language of the Harrisburg Keystone, "scarcely had Gov. Johnston got into office, until he found himself in a strait. Gov: Shank held over; further consideration, several important bills which had been presented to him at the' close dittos Session of 1848. These bills came into the hands of Gov. Johnston whoa he assumed the executive duller:, as Speaker of tho Senate. Among them, there was one in regard to a railroad "in Erie county, which excited a good deal of interest, and Gov. John ston, to avoid3he responsibility of signing or vetoing it, took the position, regardless of the fact and the well known Mph, that he knew nothing officially about the existence of any such bills, notwithstanding he had them in his possession. He directed them, however, after the lapse of the constitutional period, to be deposited in the Secret tary's office as laws, thereby stultifying himself in regard to the first 'maiden he assumed. Ho has since then, to respodsibility, permitted several bills to become laws without his signature, by holding them more than ten days when the legislature was in amnion. This is a practical nullification of the constitution. But it seems, whoa a bill is passed which ho fancies is calculated to affect the whig party In a political point of view, his conscientious scruples in regard to the exercise of the veto power, no longer stand in his way. The Le gislature may do what they please In every other respect. .6 that his party interests are not a ff ected. They may pass lows impairing contracts, take away remedies to en force them, and do what they please In regard to the pub lic interests, and his conscientious scruples will not allow OW to interpose the veto to arrest them, no matter hew unjust to iuditiduals or injurious to' the public at largo. But the instant a bill comes before him which ho suppos es is calculated to affect the whig party politically, he for gets all his ridiculous declamation against the veto pow er and his regard to consistency, and without any ecru pies of conscience whatever, interposes the tyrannical one manpower. which he had denounced in all his election eering speeches, for=the protection of whigory and mere party purposes. .11a denounces the bill as unconstitu tional, and as hasty and inconsiderate legislation. This howaver:ls a matter of opinion, as well as in other cases, and itseems most singular. that in this instance, ho should deem it hie thtty to act according to his judgment and conscientious mite o! duly, while in , other cases his obligations to support the constitution and discharge his duty with fidelity. are to be entirely forgotten and disre garded. In deference to the Popular, will as expressed by the legislature! It is thus that mon OP. in disregard of truth and spund principles, seize upon falscpositiens and play,thederna gogue to deceive and mislead the people, will never ex pose thiniselvei when they are placed in a situation whom they ore compelled to act, to the charge' of ineeh sistency. insincerity and hypocrisy.), Homesteail in New York. The bill for the exetaptioit . of the Homestead of the Citizens of tbe'stita of'Neir York. from execution forced sale, has passed both houses. and is now a :law. The amount exempted by it frost seizure is on thousand 'dollars. and it does not teko etrect until Jan. 1851. .New Cork is now the fifteenth - state, we in 'Which • law of this kind has boon passed.. From Europe. Correspondence of the Erie Observer. Pints. Mina' 20, 1850 Dear Prank In'iuy last letter I endeavored to give you' some Am of the state of political Matters here, as I have been able to understand them from - a porustdof the daily journals. Since then (you um:wither the affair of tho Trees of Liber ty ?) , every thing has been quiet.— On Sunday, the 10th inst. the election of Representatives to the National Assembly took t?lace. and the Republi cans elected their three candidates in the city. This re sult seemed wholly unexpected to the Bourbonists and Imperialists. who united their forces to fight r ho "Reds," and has produced an immense impression upon rho pub lic mind. So grealOcidecd, that Stocks fell immediately after thomail(was known on 'Change., Of course the event is viewed by the different parties In dill:Mani lights. The vanquished say that now they almost despair of France. while the victors sing their songs - of triumph and hail this as one , More step towards the ultimate e2ccess of free principles. In truth, it does seem to indicate that the people are determined to have no more Kings. for the Army went with the people, and without the Army there is but small hope for King or Emperor on the soil of Franco. Tno Place do la Dwane eccoples the former site of the celebrated prison of that name which was demolished in 1790. In the centre of the Place a Fountain was com menced upon a grand scale by Napotion, but it never was completed and after the Revolution of 1830 the "Column of July" was erected upon the foundation of the intended Fountain. It to of bronze. 163 feet high and twelve in circumference. bearing upon its surface the names of more than 500 patriots who fell during the "Three Days" of 1830. Around the top is a railing, and the whole is sur mounted by a gill ball upon which stands a figure repre senting the Genies of Liberty. During the fortnight pre ceding the last election there was an immense concourse of people to'visit this column, nearly every one of whom brought a Garland to deposit as a tribe& to the memory of those who died while fighting for liberty. 1 have seen no estimate of the number which were placed here, but it must have been very great, for in ono da) the Police car ried away five wagon loads. This removal excited some little feeling among the people. but whoever has the di rection of the popular mind. seem •to undeistand that the present is not exactly the moment for au outbreal•. Pla cards were posted during the night enjoining upon the people to, be moderate-4o wait and give utterance to their feelings at the. ballot box—consequently the whole affair passedolf quietly enough. But each of these events has a significance which cannot safely be disregarded by those who seek to establish either a Monarchy or an Empire. h of pirlities; turn we now to other matters. ights of Paris; by no moans the least inter- Hotel do Cheap. It was built in 1390 on the alio des Thermos. Among some of the no , m it has afforded shelter aro numbered sever mos of Scotland;. and in '93 Marat and his oir sittings within its walls. Some years or. it was bought by a gentleman who corn-a Museum of Antiquities. At his death the purchased it. restored what remained, of the maws, increased the Museum, and opened But enou ! Among the esting, is th ruins of the tables to lA. al Popes, 3. party, held t since. hove Meneed in i Goternmen Palls doe T he public. The architecture of the building The whole 'ifferent from that or the present day, and for 's an object of curiosity. Within, the rooms the walls and ceiling of Oak. The furniture old and of rich workmanship. Quaint car d and ivory—old paintings and tapestries— ; and fragments of sculpture—these, together .ollection of ancient armor, and weapons and, us kinds, form a portion of the strange objects ho antiquarian may pore with pleasure, and leave many a sad or pleasant tole, accordin2 atioa Wanes to the dark or bright in the his- is ontiroly this alono it aro low and is, ; also, vor vine in wo stained glas with a largo .1 tools of van, over which tho visitor t as his image I. 'The Palle des Thermee..of which 1 have tory of Chop r a much older date than the Hotel do Cheny. built by the Ileums. Its existence is chrob -360, and was once the residence of tho Ent ! One large hall has been restored, and from to architecture, and many relics in the shape ofaculpture anclearcophagi is a place of much t let us turn from the old to the now, and t the Pantheon, than which, in an architec- speken, is o having bee icled even i peror Julian the style of of frogmen interest. B' take stook WO point o view, there can bo no Suer building. In deed,it is all . wed to stand almost alone when considered as a work of ar As the inscription upon its front says, it was erected "lig • g ratetu I country to her Great Men," and a worthy mo ument it is to genius. Tho corner atone was laid by Loui XV, in 1764, and the cost of the whole was defrayed by a lottery. It is of stone, and stands upon arches, the bole being surmounted by a dome, the top of which is 68 feet from the pavement. Within the out er. are two • there, all three independent of each other— and the cnri shy is, that they are built entirely of stone. The buildin . was much injured during the "affair ttf June." Si co that time. a band of insurgents took pos session of $ and_ held it for 36 hours. The immense door of bro. ze was battered down, and upon the pave ment bones . the dome, marks are atill visible of the fal- /he door is being replaced, and the whole , ergoing repairs. Among the tombs in the hose of Voltaire and Rosseeta—blarat and , re buried here, but their remains were de by a &crop of, the national government.—: m the dome is the finest to be obtained in i . 'he Hotel des Invalids was founded by Louis :70, and finished in 1700. Since that time us have boon made, so: that it now covers • of ground and encloses fifteen Courts. Int . front of the Hotel is a terrace surrounded by It upon these are mounted some large guns in 1 . leudid workmanship, the fruits of former one are Prussian. some Turkish, and some I The celebrated bronze Lion, which was ling balls. • building on , %mulls are Mirabeau w, pantbeonize I The view f the city. XIV. in It' many addin, sixteen sere mediate!) a row; an.' bronze of victories; • are Dutch. 4 Venice, formerly stood upon the esplanade, I s from the tone to the Val, but it was re -sby the allies. The front of the building is ngth, and over the main entrance is a has i s XIV. Passing through this wing, you en- Royal. and upon the opposite side the Chap ' door of this stands a flue statue of the Em bears numerous tokens of the veneration in i inary is bold by his old soldiers, in the shape evergreens. Tho Chapel is hungwith ban tave been taken from the enemy, mostly iu ', vious to 1814 the Chapel contained more L a, but on the evening before the entrance of , y wero ail burnt, and the sword of Frederick • ken, by order of Joseph Bonaparte, to pre apture. The Hotel will contain 5000 lova resent it has only 3000, all of whom are fed ' and receive a small yearly pension, accor r rank. Tho oMeers still use a,service of ed by Maria Louisa. The only duty requir alids—rand that is performed at their own mount guard in and about the eatublialt- brought fret which eaten stored in 18 612 feet in I relief of Lou ter the Cour el. Over th peror. whic which his m of crowns e Here which Algiers. P than 30006 t he Allies th the Greet b vent their r lids. but at and clothed, ding to the plate pie/en ed of the In' request—is bout it is a model of neatness, and the old to :enjoy themselves in each others society ment. MI veterna see eir ago and inarmitiea will all Ow. Each as much as mall Om of ground allowod him. and he in accordance with his own taste- Moat of ens contain a summer-house whore the one has a cultivates •I theso hula o sit. literally "wider his own vine and fig 'fight his battles o'er again in story."„ All have boon disabled by wounds. or have serv-, are entitled to the benefits of this institution. bile speaking of the Chapel I forgot to say Iportion,of it is now .banse—opc pest being m the other by a large painting. In the part be remains of the Emperor. over which a or process of construction. but to view which ~ of (Omitted.... ; . ' old soldier c' tree." mod soldiers who , od 30 years; By tiro by, that only a , separatod fr. not used lie tomb Is In 0 visitors aro n hem appears to be earlier than with us. al / Mode is higher. - More than a week since • t trees in blossom and many other similar I l lapproathing summer. The Gardeners are grotindsi and the promenades are fil l.. ...come to take the fresh air. At least once I. imp; narrow.'and filthy streets - of this vast • l ivo - up their thousands. and every Sunday— days among the Parisians—tho ,immense o Tuillories and the Luxembourg are filled The though the 1 sow Aptt. indlostiose busy la the led With . . •:. e'week the metropolis delis; eat gardens of 1 with promenaders. . Side by side with the gray.h ee d e4 old MOM itto will here meet happy and joyo 5 childh ood, not yet emaniipated from nursedom„ with its hoop led ball, and top. Here come all ages and all, chig oe', „ di in search of Heattenia free g ift to all—suns hine and me air. The French and American Sabhathi are two (torent things. In place of closed stores and well ried Churches, and gabs!. streets, you have hero essetly th e reverse. But few places of business are closed ini d the streets wear their ordinary week-day aspect. Th e sit, cries from the wandering merchants, the same tette from the thousand hand•orgains" that fill your ears from to till night, you hear on Sunday as well as on Muhl,. On thiirday the Railroads run extra trains,!aed d uo few cents more than usual; and .in the ! Tel:1 ; v di, Theatres and Ball' Room, are morn than usually or m , d . ed. All this seems strange at first, but balk is hut* a second nature, and after a few months( resid e ", iii Paris it will seem strange to return to the qui etert3 American Sabbaih. As a natural consequence of such a chy as this wh en labor exceeds the demand,rnanystrange +(tim e ease l to obtain a livelihood, same 'of which are T er ) . ~„m il and pzrticnlarly the street musicians. Most of then o i l ty ma k e a oei4, depending on being paid to stop, mh o than heard for nothing. They usually cur l y the dey ,fo t their patience is as inexanstable as their or4ans, and they pocket their eons with a chuckle as they move MN thei, daily rounds. only be return .on the monoef. All this very vexatious to nervous people. but it is,betterto piel up a living this way than steal Many of these cops • grinders are women, and a few days ago Fnaw one witi, a child upon her instrument„ When they font earns an. der my observation the child was amusing itself with a doll and appeared to enjoy perfect hvelthi. In n leer minutes, however. she stopped in front of la large Res. termite, and then bow changed the child; it suddenly feigned !plums of the <Toot violent kind, and moat ofthe lookers-on evidently labored under the impresaion that they sow before them a poor woman with I an epelecie child. and their charities were regulated accordingly. Bat worse than this—l saw one cold day last week a couple' I of boys about eight or ten years of age, dressed in silk tights and ornamented with ribbons, who Were blowier some kind of a horn and dancing to keep themselves from -freezing. Such sights as these are to bo met with every day in Paris, and I always feel as though 1 hhould like to send the poor creatures to America, where tller° is breed for the world, provided the said world is willing to Saran. The street merchants are of all grades. from the mu whose whole stock in trade consists of a suit hf old clothes, or three or four umbrellas, to the one who carrieis ha wares In a cart and driven a donkey. If ►lois class are of rich they are blessed at least with strong lungs and a large supply of impudent,. No part of doh city is fres f ro m them. and wherever you go your lire aro fille d with their cries. They sell everything portable, and! dare say aro a great convenience to the pophlation. Not. withstanding the thousands of curiosities to be met wilt here;—notwithstanding you find enonua4nts at ette 7 step which toll you that France is not in her yroth; not. withstanding the great man who have lived in palatal, and their great works. of which any nation might justly ho proud—l have yet to be convinced that my owes dot the greatest country in the world in al/ thal is good, and useful, and practicable, in all that can tend to makea peo ple happy and prosperous. Adieu. DOCTEUit. A Peace Offering. 1 The Pennsy/ranian says Gen. Cass presented to the United States' Senate, the resolutions of the Michigan Legislature, repealing the resolutions of instruction is favor of the Wilmot Proviso, passed by the last Legisla. ture of that State. and desired that they might bo consi dered as a "Peace Offering." And so we have no doubt they will bo regarded. They show how fir above the excitements and expedients of the hour rbie l a the dovotios of a National Democracy to our common cauntry. The Democracy of Michigan have watched thQ progress d danger at Washington. They have seen bow every eta gere has been -retarded by obstacles of the Abolition pro. visoites. and they have noticed, withal, that :ha sober second thought of the South was ready to accept any ft': compromise by a settlement of the whole question. Ti know hew they could aid in stilling the angry rap, was to act at once. To know how they could strengthes the-pond of Gen. Cass., was to do so instantly. It is. "peace offering," indeed—an acknowledgment that then are duties above all prejudices. however attractive—inl that the truly bravo man, is -he who is not ashamed 13 avow an error. Proudly, indeed, mast the !veteran Cass have born himself, as he presented this significant olive branch to the Senate. How far he towered above the dwarfed demagogues, who have tried to dgstroy him, by shaking the very chains in his face. now b i soken by the Legislature succeeding that which forged them. More about the Oalphin Claim. When the Gazette undertook the-defence ) of the pay. snout of the interest on the Galptlin claim by the Secre tary of the Treasury, against -precedent, aad the decis shin of his predecessor, as well as his ownTomptrolier, wo thought Nerved: had shouldered a fel l ed a little tea largo for his strength. Every day's developing is pros. ing our supposition true. For instance, ihdWashingtoll correspondent of that reliable whig paper, the Pittsburgh Journal, a writer whom the Gemtte has mare than once quoted, under date of April 11th. writes as follows; Tue GALPHIR Cratua.—lt issaid that the investigatory committee, appointed at the instance of Mr. Crawford, find more difficulty in this ease than wasl anticipated. Rumor says that circumstances have been developed, the tendency of which is severely :Q./triplicate the charade!, of men who have appointments under this administra tion, and who have lent themselves to the object of get ting the claim passed. I undereten d that the names of these parties will bo before the pu blic in a few days. What does Hercules' think of that? Has dui Jour nal "joined in this unholy crusade." "like other Print' in the same interest," the (*env included/ Don't ho bashful now, but speak up like a man, and Ore on a "lit. tie more grape, Capt. Brag." How do they Like the Complexion! The whige hereabouts are very much rejoiced over the veto of the lats Apportionment bill, which ga v e Erie coon• ty one Senator and one member. She was not entitled to a Senator, according to the ratio, nor to too member!. But how do they like tho new bill iotrodaced, which makes this county, in cent:to:ion with Crawford, Mercer, 'Siouan* and Clarion, a district with two Sonatord Should it become a law we are afraid the;"lino of cucces• /ion" will be destroyed, and some of the "names on the slate" nabbed oW. An Samuel Welton fay,, ••this is s rery,nncortain world, and fall of trouble and (tribulation." , . ' Comfort for Wlugery. • ! Some or the Whig presses set up ei great shoot over the success of tho whig ticket in Rhode Island. says the Ne! York Globe. They are grateful, that they aria not 1 104- 4, eel there. For small favors theiripatilude is copious sod overflowing. W 4 expected thatin the A •erine Stste tho Democracy had any claims to success? The whip evidently have expecte:El-to hare been dtfuste4 ererywhot a ., IthidalislandandVeimont.th eone th e At ' Mnd the other a sort or Canndinn•province in the United Stew. have not boon claimed by the Democrats foi a long ann. 'Keoghs` Piano Fortes. We refer the reader to the 'Advertisement of the Minn Keoghs. of Buffalo. We have had the pletustire of twang some of their instruments performed upon, can .sce ly:say that for richness of tone and volume. they anduasn passed. Tho workmanship is also of the most supericr kind. end we can confidently recommend their establish . meat to any of our readersedesiring 'to puthsse. Welloski is their egent in this :city , the Reed House. specimen of their instruments maybt: seen. et wil l se rooms it Celestial Visitors. New York islast now favored with four Ch crust" visitors. They arrived the other da ton. is the ship ~l anthe," pod 'occasion quite in Broadway. through which they promos One of them is a young lady IA years of age the euphonious nomenclature of Parsh.Yelt says her reek are but throe inches in length servant is callpS Miss Lane -Ching; the ot' Miss Amoy and Master Tying. lase " 12 PP' T • from. Co' a seasativx • WI OP rejoicing is 0. Ozteley ller talud at l'wo
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers