THE COLUMBIAN, BLOOMSBUfc. I a ARCTIC TERROR IS THE POLAR BEAR Why It Is Probable This Type Will Outlast All Other Wild Animals SHORT SEASON TO HUNT KIM Though Awkward and Shambling H Gait, the Bruin of the Frozen North Is Very Active Its Chief Food Con sists of Seal and Fish. It Is more than probable that the polar bear will outlast nil other wild animals, for the reason that huittin:; in the Arctic regions Is limited to n very short period In the Summer. Though awkward and shambling In I La Rait, quick to depart fit the approach of man, the polar bear Is one of the most active of animals, and If broi'g'it ! to bay It Is a formidable beast of pi ey. Quick enough In its movements to catch a fish In Its native clement, strong enough to kill a walrus nt a single stroke of Its mighty paw, tliore Is no living creature within the Arctic circle that can escape It. Its chief food consists of seals and fish of various kinds. In order to capture the timid and wary seals, It employs Its sense of smell, which Is extraordinarily keen, for It will perceive, by the exercise of that sense alone, the little breathing holes which seals have made through the Ice, even though they ore covered with a uniform coating of snow. Should a seal bob above the surface of the water within sight of this for midable animal, the fate of the unfor tunate victim Is soon settled, for it Is sure to fall into the clutches of its pursuer. " The remarkable endurance of the polar bear while engaged in swim ming is very great, for It has been seen swimming steadily across n strait of some forty miles in width. The Winter home of the female Is made In a sheltered cleft of a rock. In a very short time after the animal has taken up her residence she Is ef fectually concealed by the heavy snow-drifts and her den Is entirely tin discernible to the eye. Here the little cubs are born and here the mother re mains sometimes nearly all Winter, without food, sustaining her little ones. The young are generally two in number, and when they .make their Brst appearance outside the snow built nursery in which their first few months of existence have been passed they are in excellent condition. Their mother, however, re-enters the Ice world in a very poor condition et aspect and of temper, as might be expected of so ravenous and hungry sn animal. Watchful over the safety of her cubs, she is very dangerous, and so jealous of their safety that she thinks every moving object is an en emy. The male bear passes the Win ter in the active exercise of his facul ties. He will often in his wandering enter the huts of native fishermen and create great havoc by smashing everything In eight with his giant paws. At times he is extremely maliciors, seemingly void of fear, attacking mm, women and children without any ap parent reason. As In the case with nearly all bears, even when pierced with many wounds, he will fight in the most desperate manner, employ ing both teeth and claws in the com bat, and only yielding the strugsle with life. Polar bears are thickly covered with a double fur, which, when Im mersed in water, is pressed tightly to the skin and effectually throws off the moisture. To protect the animal from the icy cold water, a thick layer of fat is placed immediately below the skin, and being an excellent non-conductor of heat, serves to retain the internal heat through the severest cold. Metropolitan Magazine. Trees Drought Rain. In lower Egypt raiu fell very sel dom. During the French occupation, about ITSft, it did not rain for 10 months, but since Mahomet All and Ibrahim Pasha, completed their vast plantations the former alone plant ed more than 20,000,000 olive, fir, cot ton, acacia, piano trees, etc. there now falls a good deal of rain. Handy Ink Eradlcator. When a blot occurs nnd the ink eraser is not at hand use a bit of the emery board which comes for mani curing the nails. It is quick and cfll caclous, but care must be taken to work gently so as not to make a hole in the paper. Expressive. "Of all the quaint expressions I have beard recently," said a clubwom an, "none has struck me as more de lightful than that of (in English wom an who told me that her daughter ' would never Binooth out a room.' " A Good Thing About a Girl. One good thing about a girl, from man's standpoint at least, Is that the doesn't come around, as soon as .ho begins to wear long skirts, ask r.g her father questions that he can't r.nswcr without being embarrassed. Telegraph Foles In Bloom. Over 1.000 miles of telegraph poles n full blosrom are to be seen In I'gan !a, Africa. The wires are strung from . species of llg tree which has extra-Cd.'s-ry tav.crs of germination. IS THE WINDMILL PERFECT? The Modern Design Compared with the Ancient. It hardly seems possible that the best windmills to-day are not superior to those of olden times, but their mer its are compared by a writer for "Cns sler's Magazine." The points he raises are Interesting nnd worth considera tion, but his closing question Indicates that he la not yet convinced that the old is better thnn the new. "Why," he asks, "is the full circle of n windmill of the modern type filled with blades? The only space not filled is the central eye nnd such small space as Is represented by the angu larity of the blades. The consequence of this may be that the wind dellecieJ from the moving blade will bo direc t ed against the next following blade, and will hinder the rotation of the mill. With fewer blades the wind would pass away more freely, and It If likely that there would be more pow er generated per blade if, indeed, not actually more power from a mill or n given diameter. The elllclemy of the surface would probably be better. An ordinary windmill Is simply r.n Impulse turbine without guide bHcVi The wind advances In a parallel flow ing stream and strikes upon th slop ing surfaces of the sails or blades These slip away under the l.i'enil pressure of the nlr, nnd the air !a de flected In the opposite direction. n:it can get away only between the blades. Such, at least, appears to be the trend of some recent though, o;; the question, and there is rou e ipi son in It. The old Dutch mills h"c only four, five or six sail-, nr. a r:!v By no means wns the full circle cov ered with sail area. Indeed, a non fraction was occupied, and much greater sail area could probab'y have been ndded. The modern wlrdmlll h quite different, and lias its whole c'r cle occupied. Are there any tes'ts on record to show what 13 the effect of this, and is it not quite likely that investigation would lead to chances in design?" Eskimo Healthy Race. All degenerative diseases that cause so much suffering and death in civilization are absent from the Eski mo. No arteriosclerosis, Bright's dis ease, cirrhosis, diabetes, cataract. The pure, steril arctic air contains no germs, but Eskimos Invariably take a bad "ship cold" when they go aboard white men's ships. The Eskimo moth er totes the baby In the hood of the fur Jacket on her back next to her skin. Babe is nursed two years, but at six months begins to blubber for blubber. Eskimo wqmcn are absolute ly free from those Burglcal diseases which are filling and running our hospitals over. On a Time Limitation. In spite of the reputation for latltu dinarlanlsm he gained from his enrly trial for heresy, the late Professor Jowett of . Oxford was intolerant of pretentiousness and shallow conceit. One self-satisfied undergraduate met the master one day. "Master," he said, "I have searched everywhere In all fihtlosophies, ancient and modern, nnd nowhere do I find the evidence of a God." "Mr. ," replied the mas ter, after a shorter pause than usual, "If you don't find a God by five o'clock this afternoon you must leave tula college." Her Husband's Advice. T shall never speak to George Welldone again. I used to think he was a gentleman, but his wife and I had a confidential talk to-day and the things she told me about him have convinced me that he is not fit to as sociate with respectable people." "Oh, pshaw! Be charitable, Mary. His wife is more generous than you. I met her a few minutes ago and she spoke to mo Just as cordially as If you have never told her a thing about me." A Difficult Ideal. "Don't you want to make a record that posterity will read with admir ing interest?" "Yes," answered Sena tor Sorghum. "But such an ambit'on seems far beyond tho bounds of pos sibility. It Is becoming harder and harder, to get up a biography that will not be thrown aside by nine readers out of ten to make room for a best seller." The Golden Mean. A certain English mayor, whose pe riod of office had come to an end, was surveying the work of the year. "I have endeavored," he said with an air of conscious rectitude, "to administer Justice without swerving to partiality, on the one hand, or impartiality, on the other." Useless Bother. "Pa," said little Henry, who wm being led gingerly through the ruins of Pompeii, "I don't see why they've got the streets all dug up here. What's the use of puttin' in gas or water plres when they ain't hardly anybody lives in the town?" Show Worthiness! Do something worth living for, worth dying for; do something to show you have a mind, and a heart, and a soul within you. Dean Stan ley. Human Nature. " 'Taln't so much thet people like to be humbugged ez it is thet they like to feel ez though they wuz glttln' a little the best uv the othor feeller." Can Anyone Tell? . Why Is It that an unmarried woman who stars In grand opera Is madams, while a married woman who scintil lates In the drama Is miss. HOW THE BIRDS OF PREY HUNT Their Eye Are Probably the Most Perfect Organs of Vision that Exist THEIR VALUE TO FARMERS The Osprey One of Our Noblest Birds of Prey The Sparrow Hawk Is Per haps the Best Known Why Owls Are Beneficial. Tho eye of the bird of prey Is prob- ably the most perfect organ of sfght that exists, says n writer in Tho World Today. Most marvellous of all is the sight which enables the owl to strlko the mouse In the darkness or to pursue nnd capture the bat which we can scarcely see even In the early twi light. Tho talons of some of the larger birds of prey are extremely strong. The feet of the osprey make a splen did fish trap, one from which no fish can escape when once caught. The great, curved talons of the eagle are most effective, and are cer tainly stronger than those of all other birds. When they once close on an object, the clutch Is so tight that it ran scarcely be loosened unless the bird's leg be severed. The strong claws are not only used in catching food, but are used also in carrying ncFting material. If, instead of killing Its prey, a species of bird Is accustomed to feed on carrion, this change Is clearly re flected In the weaker muscles of the feet and in the shorter and duller claws. M.'ny people have thought that buz zards have an unusual sense of smell that guides them over miles of terri tory In search of food, but many years ago It was proved that sight Is the principal factor In guiding the bird of prey. Audubon made careful experiments with a black vulture. The dry, stuffed skin of a deer which he placed out In the field soon attracted a vulture. Although there was no smell of flesh and nothing eatable about It, the bird lit and began tugging at the dry skin. Later, when the same bird circled over the field it espied a smnll snake not thicker than a man's finger and pounced upon it. In another case the decayed careass of a hog was covered with brush so that it was invisible. It remained un discovered by the vultures that fre quently passed over the place by ac cident, although the stench was very strong. The sparrow hawk is perhaps the best known of our birds of prey, as it ranges through the entire country. Contrary to what the name might sig nify, this bird lives almost exclusive ly on insects, except where such food is difficult to obtain. During the winter, about the San Francisco Bay region where the Eng lish sparrows are plentiful, the spar row hawk sometimes comes into tho towns and captures a sparrow from a flock. The red tailed hawk Is often called the chicken hawk, but he does not deserve the name. Many of the hawks carry undeserved reputations. In regions and in seasons when ani mal and insect food is scarce, this hawk will catch chickens and game birds, but it lives mostly on mice and shrews as well as frogs, snakes, liz ards and Insects of various kinds. In a prairie and hilly country, almost its entire food is squirrels, gophers, meadow-mice and rabbits. The osprey is one of our noblest birds of prey. He hunts about over the rivers and lakes, living almost entirely on fish. A fish, as seen by one looking down into the water from above, is very de ceptive owing to the refracted light. When the fish seems to be a foot un der the surface he is often three or four feet. But the osprey, hovering over on poised wing, drops like a plummet, often completely disappear ing below the surface, and in spite of the rapidity with which a fish can move this bird is generally success ful in capturing it. In the mountainous regions of the West one may occasionally see the golden eagle hunting for his prey. During the summer of 1904 we made several visits to the aerie of one of these big birds and found that a very large proportion of the eagle's food Bupply consisted of ground squirrels with nn ocaslonal rabbit and quail. On one trip wo found the bodies of four ground squirrels lying on the rim of the west. The hills in many placos were per forated with the burrows of the ground squirrels, and the eagles seemed to have regular watch towers on the high rocks from which they swooped down upon their quarry. If it were not for the birds of prey about these hilly districts the places would soon be overrun with harmful rodeuts. As a family the owls are among the most beneficial of all birds from tle economic standpoint of the agricultur ist. With few exceptions the owls are nocturnal. Their eyes and oars are remarkably developed nnd are keen est In the early hours of the night and morning. Many harmful rodents are most ac tive in their search for food during the night and the owls are the natural check for this multitude. The hawk hunts by day and the owl by night, and the work of one supplements that of the other. A RiV.L TO CRANBERRIES Ceo J Jelly Made from the Calyx of t!.e Roselle, a Tropical Newcomer. Introduced several years ago Into California and Florida, the roselle de serves a wider cultivation than It now enjoys. It Is to simple and its re quirements fo few that In the tropics and suhtroplcs It should be nn Indis pensable plant in the garden of every family. This fact. In view of Its peculiar adaptability for Jelly making, should cau-o the roselle to become a plant of considerable Importance In the t'nlt ed States at no distant date. The iwelle Ih probably the only plant In cultivation In which the part utilized for food is the calyx. Of rather low nutritive value, the thickened ralyx possesses excellent qualities for the manufacture of Jelly and allied products. Preparations made from it. closely resemble in col or nnd flavor those made from tho cranberry. It is rather singular that Its season of maturity also coincides with that of the cranberry. A strictly tropical plant, the rosello Is very sensitive to frosts, says Coun try Life in America. This, together with Its peculiar habit of blooming late In October, regardless of the time when the seed Is planted, has restrict ed Its cultivation to tropical and sub tropical regions. The roselle Is nn nnnunl, and con sequently seed for planting must be saved every autumn. As usually planted that is, In Feb ruary and March -the roselle attains a height of from live to seven feet. The large yellow flowers, ench with a red eye, fade before the day Is passed, and the subsequent enlargement of tho calyxes Is then very rapid. In less than three weeks they attain their full sire and are ready for picking. The fruit Is seen at present In local markets only and Is sold by the qunrt. Us excellent qualities for making a sauce so closely Imitating in flavor the cranberry as to deceive the very elect are not well known by the pub lic, or it would be a formidable rival in the South to that fruit, on which transportation charges are necessarily high owing to the great distances it must -,bo transported." The crisp and Juicy appearance of the roselle Is di minished by being too long in tho hands of the dealer, but this does not Indicate deterioration of its useful qualities. In preparing for cooking take the pod between the thumb and forefinger of the left hand, stem end up; cut off the stem and the basal end of the calyx to where the seed pod is united with the calyx, when a slight pressure with the fingers holding tho pod will force out the seed pod. After prepar ing this way the calyx may be used for making sauce, Jam, transparent, bright red Jelly and many other dishes. The young stems also make good Jel ly, and for such use the plant can be grown almost anywhere in the North or South. Come Home, Mother. Mother, dear mother, come homo from the club, and rustle some supper for me; 'tis time you were here work ing over the grub and getting things ready for tea. The table's not set nor the teakettle boiled, the vegeta bles are not prepared; no wonder my temper and feelings are rolled, though 'tis doubtful, indeed, if you cared. Come home, come home, come ho-ho-hoxe! Yes, cut your symposium down a wee bit, dear mother, and hus tle right home! Los Angeles Ex prees. Use of Chewing Gum. The extent of the use of chewing gum among the people of the United States Is illustrated by the fact that tho importation of "chicle" in 1908, chiefly for use in the manufacture of chewing gum, amounted to more than 4,000,000 pounds. This article, "chi cle," Is obtained in southern Mexico from the trunks of the sapodilla plum tree, and the Importation of this gum during the last decade has amounted to about 30,000,000 pounds, or over 13,000 tons, valued at over $8,000,000. Designed By Nature. Parents might as well try to turn back the waters of the Niagara as to decide what profession or business their sons should adopt. God gives to every man a particular work he can do and in the performance of which a man can fill with satisfaction to himself and others Is that for which nature designed him. Faith and Hope. Doubts may flit around me, or seem to close their evil wings, and settle down; but, so long as I Imagine that the earth Is hallowed, and the light of heaven retains its sanctity on the Gabbnth while the blessed sunshine lives within me never can my soul have lost the Instinct of Its faith. Nathaniel Hawthorne. t Bohemian Morals. "Is he a good artist?" She glanced at him with petulant disdain. "He is a clever artist," she answered, pity ingly; "no artists are good." Life. Truly Celestial. Young Lady This novel is heaven ly. I never read one with so many ro mantle unfortunates and miserable failures In It. Fllegonde Blaettor. Constitutionally Inapt. "It's purty hard work fur some folks to git erlong, even when they are kerrled." Boston Herald. ' We Get There. We're the greatest nation of dare devils on the face of the earth. Bal timore Sun. WOMAN DIRECTS ALL INDIAN SCHOOLS Miss Reel the Highest Paid Em ployce of Her Sex on tho Government Rolls IS AN AUTHORITY ON TRIBES She Manages 279 Institutions Daugh ter of Choctaw Chief Raises Chick ens Has Prlic -Winning Poultry Farm In Her Back Yard. Miss Kstelle Keel, Superintendent of Indian Schools, Is the highest pnld woman In tho Government service, drawing a salary of JH.000 a year. She was appointed to tho Government position In IS'.is and Is nn authority on every tribe of Indians In North Amer ica. That women are equal to Govorn ment positions of extraordinary Im portance has been proved in tho case of Miss Keel. Although she Is a na tive of Illinois. Miss Heel has spent the greater part of her life In Wyom ing. She served ns district, county and State Superintendent of schools In Cheyenne, Wyoming, but before she obtained the last position hho was compelled to overcome enormous oppo sition. The politicians out in that part of the country were not anxious to see a woman In tho Stale superln tendency and every obstacle was placed In the way of her election. Finally It was pointed out that the law required tho State Superintend ent to auction off certain tracts of Government lands to prospective lessees, and that this could not bo done by a woman. Miss Keel said that was a small matter and that she was equal to It. She was elected to the office finally and later proved her ability as an auctioneer by success fully carrying out this part of tho State Superintendent's duty. Miss Keel speaks none of the lan guages of the Indians over whom she has control, but has been signally suc cessful in her administration. She has 279 schools, aggregating nn at tendance of 2"i,t'.3 1 pupils. In addition to these students there are 2,423 em ployees, 072 of whom are Indians, un der management. This branch of its service costs the Government more than $3,000,000 a year, nnd Miss Keel is the administrator of the appropria tion. She is an experienced horsewoman, and In the course of the year Is com pelled to ride hundreds of miles on horseback and in stage coach to the various reservations, many of them being great distances from the rail road and only accessible In this way. Miss Reel is a skilled politician, and has participated actively in several Presidential campaigns. She is a fine speaker, and has not only ap peared many times on the stump, but has cast her vote at tho polls out in Wyoming, where women have that privilege. There is a fair held at Washington for women to assert their ability and Independence In the world of achieve ment, and Miss Reel's raso is by no means the only one where a woman has proved her claim to recognition. Her work among the Indians Is re flected in the accomplishments of the clever Indian girl who is not in the employ of the Government, but who lives in Washington, hundreds of miles away from her people's home out on the plains. Sophia Prltchlyn is the daughter of a Choctaw chief and is a princess of her tribe, but she lives in Washing ton in a modest little home at No. 1104 Sixth street, Northwest, the back yard of which has been converted 4nto a poultry "farm" and she has more than three hundred prize winning single-comb brown Leghorns which have won blue ribbons in Madison Square Garden, Boston, Baltimore, Hagers town and practically every other city in the Enst where large poultry ex hibits are held. For twenty-live years Peter Pritch lyn was chief of his tribe in tho Far West. He spent most of his time In Washington looking after the inter ests of his people before the Govern ment. It was while here on such a mission that he met and married a Washington woman. Sophia Prltch lyn and her brother, Lee, were the children of this union. The little Indian princess has al ways been devoted to birds and chick ens and her notable success In raising on an average 100 prize winners a year is largely due to her love for them. She names all her chickens for In dians of her tribe, and spends practi cally her entire time In the back yard of her home looking after their wel fare. Her coops are built compactly, but with every care for the comfort of her "birds," each oue of which knows the Indian girl's voice and cornea to her with a word. The little Leghorns light on her head, shoulders and hand and she has invented a "chicken language," in which she talks to them as she would to chil dren. Miss Prltchlyn rises at dawn to look after her prize beauties and goes to bed soon after she has seen them safely In their coops. Had Hit Shoes Broken In. Frederick the Great had tender feet and used to have an old double who broke In new boots for him. City Unhealthle.t In Winter. The city death rato is generally greater Jn winter thau In summer. How tho Vote Was WonM j ne strongest allies n,,M , frillies In London ha-.e .,vut,a a body sre the' actress,..:. T ,e . tresses Franchise l.c r, ... l m'C" doing all they can to h ment. Their efforts am imee r'M( ii.iMiiuiM 1,111-, nir I ll y (iiliiilt they need the vote i,... ,i,au nni other women In the world, the thMtr cnl profession being n !)t- Iti KriRiMj In paying women us well n m,,n The Woman's l-irdom I.,.,1Ru, held a great f.iir tit Cuxuui : I Tlit-y called It the Green. White nnd Gold Bnnar. and It differed m , .nly nrii way from the ordinary rhnrrh or charity fair. The same Fnrt 0( useless things ore sold the snriu) efforts to make the emharrnsted visi tor buy were used, the mm,,. hrsltj. Hon nnd leluctanre In shlng rhnrm occurred. All the good oi,l m.-thnt! were employed to make It n financial success. The theatrical element had n room of Its own nnd held a continuous rr. forma nee. Kecitntlons. daticis, snncs etc., began nt 12 and rontinmd till t at night. Then there was another continuous performance I.,:; ti';r short sketches were plavcl. All the sketches and porfonnani t brought In tho suffrage iimiion in one form or another. The cream o them nil was Cicely ll.imiitnn'p "iloir the Vote Was Won," written pnrtlcu larly for the occasion and played by an all star cast. Some sketil-.es hj Miss Hamilton Illustrating n pamphlet on the same topic are reproduced here. S4 - The one act was In a middle clasi house. The young mistress of the en tabllshment, who does not believe la giving the women a vote because her husband Is opposed to It. llnds herself left without servants. They have no grievance against her. they say. but thav ata Bnlno t e Ihu n-nrlrhnnco (111 they Ret the vote. In despair the young wife turns to her strong minded sister who, decked In Suffragette colors, Is about to lead a procession, and the sister txplalni that the women have struck at last. Every woman has put down her work and gone to her nearest male relative to be supported till she gets the vol, or falllnft a male relative she has gone to the workhouse. When the bumptious and lonuacloui master of the house comes home hl horrified-wife explains matters to him. but he Is only amused at this ne suffragette freak. Then the feminine relntlves begin to arrive, bag and baggage. DOCJ0 Das ' First comes a young woman jour nalist, a very dlstaut cousin . She ha given up her work and come to live with him. Then follow his timid sis ter, who for years has been governes In an arlstorcratlc family where slia has been systematically snubbed; fashionable dressmaker, of whoso re lationship he had hitherto been Ignor ant, but who has papers to prove her claim upon him; a music hall singer whose existence he had ignored for very shame of her. and finally an oil unt who has calmly thrown up hr successful nioomsbury boarding house, turned h-r boarders out and come to end her days with him 6lice she has no civic rights. All the bumptious gentleman's ar guments fade away In horror at this Invasion. News keeps coming in from distracted neighbors that theatres are closed and shops left deserted. Du:& esses are getting soldiers to come w and do the washing and cooking w them, and all Is unheard of confusion. Up Jumps the master of the bouM. -..i . . . fi.n and makes cvices a buuhikbiiv nob bould long speech bb to why women have the vote and at once. Tbjn, decked In suffragette colors, he dashes out of the house and Into the street shouting "Votes for women!" at 10 top of bis voice. New Century Forces. The twentieth century Is to eP u, the elments of air and water ana fierceness of the sun In a ut'lll"buJ way exceeding al fancies of tns list, all the Imaginings of the mB1 of flctioa.-lndlanapolls Nsws. 6i J it fJX rY-v-W.-.-y J i -4
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers