THE COLUMBIAN, BLOOMSBURA. PA. EXILES OF THE CZAR iiie Musky post statiou stands upon a Huiall bar run stretch of laud on the banks of the river Leua. The river Just there li narrow, swift a:.d .gloomy. Miserable huts cling to the lure rocks as if terrified at the tur ' ult nt stream. The rocks upon the vosite bIJ o riBe straight out of .- water, aud here, If anywhere, t'.i a deserves its name of "accursed ..ue." The fogs hang for lonjj la r.... ruviue; it is filled with a chilly .upnesa, and a gray, mournful "iiight reigns there almost un-i-imusingly. The Inhabitants of the Mlnsky post station ure noticeable, even among the other dwellers on the banks of the Leua, for (heir lale and meager appearance, their lang uor, their state of boneless a pathy. 1 had arrived at the station on the preceedlng night, exhauted and half frozen. Next morning when I awoke it teemed to be still quit early. Lying in my bed I could see, through a chink In the partltlou, Into the room on the other side. There was a table with a lamp ipon it, and at the table was sitting an old num. He had rather a handsome face, but its color was of a disagree able pallor and unhealthlness, aud his eyes seemed very dim. Near the old man sat a little 1 y of some eight years of age. 1 was only able to see his bowed head, with its downy flaxen hair. The old man was peering through his glasses with his dull eyes, and was . -luting to the lines of a book lying upon the table. The boy with strained attia Uon was spelling out the words, let ter by letter. When he stumbled, the old man set him right with gen tle patience. "I-n in, g-a-l-e gale." The boy stopped short. The un known word was evidently too much for him. The old man came to his help. "Night-in-gale" he read. "Night-ln-gale" carefully re peated the pupil, and lifting doubt ful eyes to his teacher's face, he in quired: "Night-in-gale what is that?" A bird" replied the old man. "A bird" and the less on continued: "The night-ln-gale s-a-t sat o-n on. "-e c-h, the c-h-e-r, on the cher-ry e." 'What's that?" again Inquired 'he an passive voice of the child. "On the cherry tree. It's a tree .'he bird was sitting on the tree." "Sitting?, What for? Was he a big bird?" "A tiny one. He slngi well." "Sings well?" The boy ceased to read and be came thoughtful. It was very silent It the hut; only the ticking of the pendulum was heaud. Outside the window the mist was drifting by in clouds. What a pitiful childhood I thought involuntarily at the sound of the monotonous childish voice without the song of the nightingale, without the budding spring! Noth ing but water, and stone to block out the sight of God's free world. For birds perhaps a solitary raven; for trees the barren larch, or a rare pine. The boy read another sentence in the same dull uncomprehending tone, then suddenly stopped: "But, grandfather," he asked, isn't 1 time yet? Look at the clock." In bis voice was now a living, a- agi tated note, and his eyes brightened until they shone in the lamplight, as he gazed eagerly Into his grand father's face. The old man looked at the clock. "Dress quietly," he whispered. The boy applied himself to his dressing in eager haste, und soon both figures grandfather and grandchild passed out through the dusk of the room. I arose In my turn, and resolved to discover what had called thetn from the hut into the cold and fog without. I had slept In my clothes, and it did not take me long to put ou my boots and overcoat and to leave the hut. 1 had not far to go. Both the old man und the child were standing on the step, tli ci r hands burled in their eloeves. They were evidently await ing something. The surroundings seemed to me now even more forbidding than they bad appeared from the window. The mists clinging to the crevices of the mountains were now only long fleecy ribbons, but below everything was fctill burled In the dark wet fog. The cold morning wind, driving the re mains of the night fog before It, folded the shivering watchers on '.he fcteps for an instant in its Icy em brace, then angrily hurried on fur ther, .everything looked dismal aud dejected. "What are you waiting for?" I abked the old man. l'Wby, you see, my little grand child wauts to see the sun," he an wered. At that moment the child 'legan to fidget impatiently and to pluck .- his grandfather's sleeve. His eyas were wide open, and bis face wore an eager, animated expression. I Involuntarily looked In the direc tion on which his gaie was axed on the summit of the cliff at our -:lde rising at the bend of the Lena. Up till now this spot had loo ed like a great dark jaw, and cloiids oi mist were still crawling out oi it Suddenly, high above them, tne sharp-pointed summit of the stone rock seemed to flush, and the tjp ol a pine tree and a few larches sprang up Into soft rosy light. From some where behind the mountain on the opposite side of the river the vtr:u rays of the still invisible sun hud kindled the stony heights, revealing to us the little groups of trees grow ing in their clefts. High above lue cold blue shadows of our gorge they stood, quivering and blushing in the warm, radiant, loving embraces of the first rays of the morning. And then, suddenly, with a faint tremor, another peak, which had till now been bidden in the blue back ground of the mountains, stood forth, and took Its place In the Illu minated group. Now, more and more hitherto undistlnguisbable shapes arose In the light, and at they boldly crowded forward ti.u dark mountalu slopes In the background seemed to recede still further, seem ed still mistier, still more shadowy. The boy again plucked at his grandfather's kleeve. His face was transfigured. His eyes sparkled, his lips smiled, and it seemed us if some bright rosy hue were reflected in the yellow-whlteneBS of his cheeks. On the opposite side of the .lvn- a change had also come to pass. The mountains still hid the risen sun from our sight, but the heavens above them were bright, and the dip In the lines of the mountain chain were sharply and clearly defined. In '.he dark slopes facing us peaks of milk white mist were descending as if seeking some resting plate darker and damper. uut above, the heavens were now ablaze with bril liant gold, and the rows of .arcnes on the mountain summits formed clear-cut violet Bllhouettes against the radiant background. Behind them one felt there was some living, moving joyousness. Through the dips In the mountain chain a fleecy cloudlet of fire came floating, to disappear behind the neighboring summit. It was follow ed by another, n third, a long shin ing hoit. The mountains were re joicing, were alive with a passionate exultation. The living radlanco crept lower and lower down into the gorge. Surely the sun was mounting the towering summits that he might glance down into our gloomy ravine, that he might beam upon the sulky river, upon the miserable huts, up on the old man, and the little child awaiting his coming! And now be appears! Long golden rays stream in glorious disorder from behind the dip in the mountain line, and pierce their way through the black depths of the forest. Bands of fiery sparks are strewn about the dark brow of the ravine, redeeming now a solitary tree, now a slaty crag, now a tender grassy slope, from the blighting clutches of the icy tog. Everything stirs and breathes at their approach. And for a few moments even the morose river smiles brightly. The crests of the waves running toward our bank glisten in the light. Sun beams play upon the squalid huts, sparkle gleefully in the windows, and tenderly kiss the pale, exalted face of the little child. And now, from behind the dip In the mountain chain a part of the un's fiery circle emerges, rnd our side of the bank Is also gladdened. It glows and flashes in delighted agi tation. The sun beams upon .he different brlght-hued layers of the mountains, upon the busby green pine trees. But the warm caresses of the Morn ing were not to be ours for long. A few more seconds and the Lottom of the ravine bad become cold and blue again. The light died away up on the river, and the waters again rushed savagely forward, seething and foaming in their narrow bed. Twilight reigned again in thj ra vine. "That's all," murmured the boy. And a moment later, lifting sorrow ful eyes to the old man's face, he said Inquiringly: "Will there be any more?" "Nothing more," answered the old man. "You saw for yourself. Only a Uttlo edge of the sun appeared. To morrow nothing will be teen." "And that will bo for months!" The old man told me that in summer the sun circles for a time each day Just above their mountain peaks; but in the uutiumi he does not rise so high, and Is not seen above the broad chain. At first he passes from summit to summit, but later his pnssago is lower in the heavens, and he is lost to sight behind tho mountains. At last his rays reach the lowest depths of the ravine only tor a few Beconds. So it had been to-day. 'The sun had taken leave of the Nlusky iitatlon for the whole winter. The drivers would, of course, meet him on their travels, but the old people and tho children would wait for him till the spring, or rather the summer. Translated from the Itus sian of Vladimir Korolenko by Mrs. David Soskice for Temple Bar. Wonderful Doll Collection. Princess Clementine of Belgium, youngest daughter of Leopold, is credited with having the most won derful collection of dolls In tl.e world. Among them are specimens from Babylon, bone dolls from Greenland, a wooden one from Peru, a paper doll from India, Greek dolls with wardrobes, even dolls' houses, with furniture and dishes In them. SKPOi ON' UfcNERALS. Story of Ma-shal Lefebvre Lannei Challenge to His Men, Trohably no men who ever liore arms faced greater or more frequently recurring personal perils than the children of the French Republic, who, by the will of their old comrade Nap oleon Bonaparte, were transformed Into bulwarks of his Empire as Mar shals of France. Whatever was the variety of thrlr merit a9 scientific soldiers, whatever may have been their Individual fail ings, unscrupulouHness, Jealousncsa and rapacity, there has never been any question, says the Cornhlll Mag azine, that they were fighting men to the backbone, that their courajto was at all times without Rtaln, and that they hna no faintest hesitation In placing themselves In extremity of danger whenever It was necessary to lead and suow an example of resolu tion to tho men under their command. If their master louded them with wealth and honors It was because he knew that they were above and be yond all other men In at least on8 priceless characteristic, which. In Its most consummate form, Is certainly a gift bestowed upon few. A story Is told of Marshal Lefebvre. Duke of Dantzlc, which Illustrates his own consciousness of the qualities that had made 1.1m what he was. lie was vexed at the tone of envy anu un kindness with which a companion of his childhood, who met him in his prosperity, spoke of his riches, titles and luxury, and said In reply: T. ell now you shall have it all but at the price which I have paid for it. We will go Into 'the garden and I will fire a musket at you CO times, and tneu If you are not killed everything shall bo yours." Indeed, the trial which Lefebvre pro. posed to his friend was not In the least an exaggeration of the circum stances which every marshal had passed through in his early days, when he was a Bubaltern and was bringing himself to notice; circum stances, too, which might well again present themselves to him in any cam paign, even after he had attained th highest rank. At Fylau Augercau escaped death by a marvelous turn of fortune, for his corps, though It held its ground, was reduced from 13,000 to 3,()no, all his staff were cither killed or wound ed and he himself, wounded more than once, had his uniform rent with bul lets. At Zurich MriRsena was In the hot test part of the fight keeping his hand upon the pulse of the battle where It throbbed with greatest emphasis. Ev ery one knows of Marshal Ney's hero ic conduct during the retreat from Moscow, how he took a musket In his hand and fought as the last man In the rear guard saving as vas acknow ledged. 40,000 lives. At Batisbon, after the first and sec ond attacks on tho fortifications had failed with scathing loss, and to at tempt the task again seemed to In volve such certain destruction to the Btormers that the men would not un dertake It, Marshall Iannes cried: "Come I am going to show you that I was a grenadier before I became a Marshal, and that I am one still,'' seized a scaling ladder and began to carry it to the breach, thereby stirrfng up a wave of enthusiasm which fU once carred the French columns for ward to a great success. Where It Is Hottest. lorhaps the hottest region on earth Is that along the Persian Gulf. Little or no rain falls there, and the scorch ing sun, which beats down from early morning to late In the evening, makes living almost a torture. At Bahrein the arid shore has no fresh water, ana the people who live there have a novel means of obtain'ng drinking water. At the bottom of the sea near the Bhore are many fresh springs. The water Is got by diving The diver winds a lnrge goat skin nag round his left arm, the hand keep ing the mouth of the bag closed. Then he takes In his right hand a heavy Btone, to which Is fastened a long rope. Thus equipped, he plunges in, and. sinking to the hottoni, fills the bag with fresh water. He then re leases his hold o i the stone and re turns to the surface. The stone Is .muled up by the rope, pr.u .ifftor the water has settled again he il'wq and fills another bag. The source of tho springs Is sup posed to be the hills of Csman, which ure several hundred miles away. When Debtors Were Imprisoned. In nearly every country, until com paratively recent times, debtors have been subject to Imprisonment. After the panic of 1825, one hundred aud one thousand writs for debt were is sued In England. In 1S:!0 seven thou sand persons were sent to London prisons for debt, and on January 1. 1840, seventeen hundrrd persons wer. held for debt in England and Walcj, one thousand In Ireland, and less tiiau one hundred In Scotland. From time to time modifications In the laws gov erning the imprisonment of debtors have been made, so that fewer debtors are Imprisoned for this crime each year. In 1829 there were three thousand debtors In prison in Massachusetts, ten thousand in New York, seven thou sand in Pennsylvania, three thousand in Maryland, and a like proportion In other states. If you think you are in hard luck, think of the humans who live on' thy ast side of New York. Superintendent Schaeffer's Report The nnnu'tl report of Superin tendent of Public Instruction X. C. Schaefter t ) Governor Stuart is fill ed with jubilation over the improve ment in I lie schools of Pennsylva nia ns the teult of better treatment by the Legislature, and Dr. Schaef fer Rivet the Governor some espec ially loving pats becau-e he vetoed other appropriations and let the schoo's have their full share. Under the stimulus of increased appropriations, Ihe number of the township schools has increased to 300, and general increases are re ported rs follows: Increase in male teacher' pay, average per mouth, $1.30; female teachers', 50 cents; number of pu pils, 3658; school districts, 1; schools, 561; male teachers, 57; number of pupils, 3658; school in crease in teachers' wages, 655, 3' 57- Dr. Schaeffer emphatically rec ommends the teaching of hygiene and morals in the schools, as well as the "three R's." The schools in cities, he says, should lay stress upon domestic science, manual training and commercial education, and thi country schools should give instruction suitable to rural talents which will be devoted to rural pur suits He also advocates instruc tion in husbandry in the township nigu scnoois. On the subject of the minimum salary net, Dr. Schaeffer says: ISO otner legislation has reached the remotest districts of the State like the minimum salary act. It will take away from the general school appropriation $856,000. The effect has been to raise the compen sation of teachers more nearly to a living basis. Said a farmer to the county superintendent: "Now that the teachers are getting increased wages, we sliall. ot course, have much better schools " To this sa:- castn the superintendent replied: o used to sell me oa's at 35 cents per bushel; for the last oats you charged me 70 cents a bushel. I suppose the latter oats were twice as good as the former." It helped the caviler to realize that the price of good teaching has gone up like the pri:e of cereals and other mar ketable products It is possible that some schools will not be better taught by reason of the advance of teachers' salaries, but the tonic effect of the increase will be felt throughout the entire school system. It will necessitate an advance in districts in which do mestics were earning better wages than those in charge of the schools. The Legislatures of all the States have assumed that education is pri marily an affair not of the munici pality, but of the Commonwealth, and hence have never hesitated to enact any legislation which seemed to improve the public schools. Sal aries are the last to advance, aud those who live on a salary see hard times when the cost of living ad vances with the general prosperity of the country. Wages always rise before salaries, and the State has a right to say how its appropriations shall be used. If the schools do not improve under the minimum salary law the blame must be laid at the door of those who select the teach ers. The districts which send an expert in the person of the super intendent, or principal, to select new teachers invariably have the best schools and get the best return for the monev snent unon the schools. HARD TO COMPEL ATTENDANCE. The Courts of Philadelphia have declared the most essential features of the present .Child Labor law un constitutional, and the Factory In spector now issues a working cer tificate which does not require of applicant ability to read and write. It is, therefore, important that the attendance officers avail themselves of the new power vested in them by the amendments to the compul sory school law. The amendment in the act of May 29, 1907, author ized the attendance officer to enter any place, wherein any gainful oc cupation is carried on, to ascertain whether any children who should legally be at school are employed therein, and prescribes methods of procedure and penalties in case of violation of the law. The amend ment contained in the act of May 29, 1907, raises the age at which a pupil may piit school and go to work to 14 years. This new power has been used with good effect in Philadelphia, and the attendance officers throughout the State are urged to use this power of entering mines and factories to find the chil dren who go to work before attain ing the legal age. The failure to reconcile the vac cination law with the compulsory school law leaves the attendance officer powerless whenever the par ents refuse to have their children vaccinated. Either vaccination should be made compulsory, or the State should make provision for the hundreds of children who are growing up iu ignorance and illit- The Kind You llavo Always In uso for over 30 years, and A Bonal supervision since its Infancy. fsCCA4 Allrtwnn one to deceive Toil In this. All Counterfeits, Imitations and JuBt-ns-frood" nre hufe Experiments that trifle with and endanger the health of Infants and Children Experience ngalust Experiment What is CASTOR I A Castoria is a harmless substitute for Castor Oil, Pare goric, Drops and Soothing Syrups. It is l'leasant. It contains neither Opium, Morphine nor other Narcotlfr substance. Its age is its guarantee. It destroys Worms and allays Fevcrishness. It cures Diarrhoea and Wind Colic. It relieves Teething Troubles, cures Constipation and Flatulency. It assimilates the Food, regulates tho Stomach and Vowels, giving healthy and natural sleep The Children's Panacea The Mother's Friend. GENUINE CASTORIA ALWAYS 7 Bears the The Kind You Have Always Bought In Use For Over 30 Years. Mt etwTim eoM, t wumvrr-rr. new von errv. eracy because their parents neglect or refuse to have them vaccinated. TWKNTV YKAKS GROWTH. Dr. Schaeffer gives an elaborate history of 20 years' growth of the schools of Pennsylvania, showing that in 18S7 the total expenditures lor school purposes were $10,129, 732.94; in 1906 they were 31,067, 304 64. . . . AMERICANS ABROAD. Every year we hear thnt Parlo is being "Americanized." To Judge from the correspondence cabled or mailed to this country the American colony Is the most inuuential and numerically the most considerable in that capital of civilization. The literal fact, how ever, as disclosed in the figures print ed by the "Matin" la that the Ameri can colony Is the smallest among all the alien colonies. Out of 1,033, S71 foreigners In Prance only 6,155 are citizens of the United States, where 330,405 are Italians, 323,300 Helglans, 89,772 Germans and 30,948 English. Even the South Americans exceed us In numbers and, as we suspect, In im portance, for the permanent American colony in Paris has practically no men who have borne a constructive part in affairs, while the South Ameri cans include politicians of the first rank. What Is true of France Is true of every other foreign country except Onada and Mexico. We hear much of the American colony In England, but It Is very small, and so are the Ameri can colonies In Germany and Italy. A few artists, a goodly number of stu dents, an occasional woman Beeklng a title for her daughter or the oppor tur.ity of presentation at court ottered by the less exclusive of the German riio.iaic.iles, a considerable number of "smart peopie" these constitute the bulk of our expatriate population in Europe. There are also the consuls nn-' their family connection in the capitals, the representatives of the Standard Oil, the Wcstinghouse 'n-tp-ests. the harvester companies, per hiir.s the shoe companies; but theje constitute the merest outline- of a for ekvi quarter. The fact lemaius that there is small economic attraction for Americans in Europe. Not yet do theiu merchants !'. outward. As a place of rcsldcuco r:ui Li'slncKs the old world draws only 11m exceptional few from t li is country the Ftudcnt. the lei.surcd, the s-i".al Irittcrflics. It knows the Amcr!e:in . chlci'y r.s the ubiquitous tourist w!.o sr.cii'ls In a few hurried v.ol:s me !iU'-j!:::;cs of gains made In bu-Ua S3 Tide. MAGAZINE READERS SUNSET MAGAZINE beautifully illuttratcd, good ttoriet Q- ad article about California and '5 11 U Far WcaU 1 CAMIBA CKATT devoted aack month to tfia ai- tulic reproduction ol the but $1.00 work ol amateui and profcukmal k J photographer. BOiD OV A THOTJSAHD W0NDEBS book ol 75 page, containing 120 colored photographs ol $0re pictureaqiM ipotl in California ' Md Uragoa. Total . . . $3.25 All for . $x.50 ASJui all order k SUNSET MAGAZINE Bought, and which litis beca has borne tho signature of has been made under his per Signature of J Do You Borrow Your Newspaper ? Neighbors If so, tin's will Jurist von. The riilaitcipiia J'ras oilers the Daily edition of that publication for one yenr ant! a twelve blade safety Ra zor (value of the paper and Razor 5S.oo) both for Three Dollars and Fifty Cents. All mailed upon re ceipt of order, without further ex pense to you. Don't wait until the offer is withdrawn, order today. - Fortunate Father and Son. I am as certain as I now Hot says Mr. C. K. Bartholomew. Kal kaska, Mich., that Dr. David Ken nedy's Favorite Remedy, of Ron dout, N. V., saved my life when I was a victim of that terrible dis ordei Btighfs disease. My son had a fever sore on his leg ; he too used Favorite Remedy and is now well. All drusrf ist5 $rnn. fi hnt. no ties $5.00. You couldn't take the conceit out of some nun with a stomach jiuuip. ALI, THK(IOOI) QIMMTIKS of Ely's t ream Kalni. khI i,i nr., i.,n,,,i . r , ' I iov.il, ,1, J 1 V U1U Cream Ihilin, which is intended for use in uwiiM,. i nni it )h a wonderful remedy for Nasal Ciitiirrli I .,r,,v,ul i.w an ever-lnerensiiijr muni ol testimony. " " ""i ury 0111 nor ra.sp t lie tender air pttHHUtfctt. It allays the iullamma- tioll ftllfl iril4l vrr,ii,rl t .1 ff I ... . .11. A diMeane. Obstinate old cases have yield- -ew weeKS. All druggists, 7.rM., including Hpraylnir tube, or mailed by Kly Bros., 6 Warren (Street, New A ui &, No man wants to die, In fact, if the last thing in the world a man wants to do. The motlinr vli v,ul.l l.u l.,.,.,if1.ul at the thought of letting her daughter wander away to a strange country without guide or counsel, yet permit i.ei 10 enter that unknown laud ot WOlllHlllwMIll Wit 111 ill t iwiiinui.l ,,i-,iUii) Then, in utter ignorance, the maiden iiiiim nicer. piiVHicul pl'ohleins whowe solution will ull'ect. her whole future Iiie. Dr. Pierce's Favorite Prescription mis ucen well named u "(Jod-scnd to women." II im.i-i,.,.Im !.'r,.,n.i..,.ii ,.l imparts such vigorous vitality to the delicate womanly organs, as tits tlieui forthi-ir iiin,iiiiinl t i..,i' n nervous, hysterical, peevish girl has 1 1 1 . ui-vii muiycd ion nappy young woman alter the use ol "Favorite Prescription" has established tin-sound health of the organs peculiarly feminine. Not a patent medicine hue the "Favorite Prescription " of Dr. Pierce, 11 .-specialist 111 me discuses ot women. Of "UllOU'll f'llllllliwit lull " if i I li. tilt alcohol or other ditiigeidtis'stiinuliints, 1 ne active medicinal principles 01 II, ,1,1..,, .....I I ...1.. 1 .. Vl: v-"ii. i, , --,, .-.un jju-iv ,-.i"ri roin, of Ulack Cohosh root, Unicorn root anu IH.... I ..l I. .. . . 1 '" oiiomii root are extracted iroiu each by the use of chemically pure, triple-refined glycerine. There Isnlcntv of room nt. Mm too without pushing anybody else oil. A Reliable Remedy FOR CATARRH Ely's Cream Balm i quickly absorbed. Civet Huliel at Once. It eliittuses, soothes, heals uud protects " ' ' 41 1 1 111 , braue resulting from Catarrh and drive away aOold in the. Head tpiirklr. ltestores the Bouses of Tasta and Smell. Full size 50 cts. at Druggists or by niiiil. Liquid Cream Iiulm for use iu atomizers 75 cts. 1 Brothers, CO Warren Htreut, New York.
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