iiuiin That Is, the Right Side U the Better Servant. LOCATES SPEECH AREA Ckirlous Feature of the Oneslded ea of Man One Thing That VU tlngulshea Hint From tho Beaut Why Loft Handed Children Should He Trained That Woy. Most men, It has been discovered, are right eared. It Is not bo much that they hear better with the right ear, for the left ear will detect the ticking of a watch as far away as tho other; but while both ears hear, it Is the right ear that listens a fact which any one can easily test for himself. One ear will catch a faint sound about as Quick as the other, but the right ear Is the first to recog. nlze the noise and to know It for watch or distant trolley car or rail way train or what not. Curiously too the right ear la the better servant of the mind. Not only are sounds better recognised and lo cated with this ear, but always, of course, in right handed men they are remembered better. The usual test It to stop one ear of the subject, read Mm a string of disconnected words or a coherent sentence, and after the lapse of a fixed time let htm Bee how much he can recall. It turns out that when the left ear has been stopped anil the hearing has been done with the right distinctly more can bo recollected than when the conditions are re versed. few persons have been found who can remember more when they listen with the right ear alone than when the both are in use. The ear which merely hears only confuses the one that pays attention. Apparently with men naturally left handed all this ts reversed and the left ear does most tho work. Nearly all right handed men sight with the right eye, use that eye with a telescope and hold It opposite the point where they read. Left handed men are apt to use the left eye for these purposes. Any one can try for himself and see whether, though he can make out the letters on the page equally well with either eye, he does not read more rapidly and easily with one eye than with the other. Right or left handedness is, there fore, something more than an acci dent or a matter of education. There Is a fundamental right or left slded ness which effects eye and ear as well as hand. The brain Is far more onesided than the body. It isn't merely a question of remembering better or thinking quicker with one side than with the other. One side absolutely does it all. This, one need not point out, is, la nine men out of ten, the left side. It Is well kown that the nerves cross over from one side of the brain to the other side of the body, so that the left brain manages the right side of the body and the right brain the left half. Practically, then, eye, hand, ear and brain are all tied together. The more useful members of each pair are most closely related to one an other. We are right handed be cause we are left brained. If w chance to be left handed It la be cause we were, to begin with, right brained. What, therefore, nature has Joined together parents and teachers should not attempt to put asunder, soma investigators argue. If a child is naturally left handed It is unwise to attempt to make him change. The only result will be to break up tho quartet of hand, eye, ear and brain and shift one member over to tho other side to weaken Its connection with the other organs and to handi cap the victim of mistaken effort. The left handed person Is made artificially right handed. He still re mains left eyed and It ft eared. Ha still does his thinking with the right side of his brain. His speech center ts still on that side. Sight, hearing, thinking and speech are related, as they should be. But for writing. Ciphering, drawing, or anything else that requires both thought and skill, all the nervous Impulses instead of flowing out normally and directly from the light brain to the left hand, have to cross over to the other side of the head and pass out from ther to the other hand. One crossing from outside world to mind, and one from mind to outside world Is nature's rule. To Introduce more crossing tnto the circuit Is to put another ob stacle between the Idea and the ex pression. We are then right or left handed because we are right Or left brained. The distinctively human facility of articulate speech has been grafted on to one side of the brain only. The other side Is as dumb as the brain of a dog. Nobody knows why, In the first place, the speech center got on the left side. But being there, It gives hand and eye and ear on the rtglft s aide of the body the better chance to tcqulre skill, and makes them tho special servants of the mind. In a very real sense we are men on pna half of our bodies, and dumb and clumsy beasts on the othar. MOW UNCLE BAM PAV9 DEBTS. Kettles With Warrants Drawn Upon United States Treasurer. The United States government never pays Immediate cash for any purchase or any service on the face of tho earth. It does business by warrants drawn upon the Treosurer of the United States, the man In whoso custody there are money and securities to the value of $1,800, 000,000, and who gives a bond to tho government in the sum of $160, 000. Tho warrant is drawn by tho Secretary of the Treasury or his as sistants, and It may be for one cent or It may be for $50,000,000. There Is no handing over of cash out of the cash drawer without a warrant; no taking of receipts, few of tho formal ities that characterize ordinary busi ness. Thero was disbursed during the Iur: fiscal year $567,411,611, be sides much more than $100,000,000 on account of tho PoHt Ofllco Depart ment. Not a penny of It was paid except by warrant upon the Treas urer of the United States. If the gov ernment owed a man a single cent it would set about paying the sum as deliberately as If It were $10,000, 000. There would bo absolutely no dlfferenco In tho routine the claim would have to travel, unless tho amount due happened to be In favor of some great man of tho govern ment. This would Induce tho clerks to push it along. Ex-President Orover Cleveland holds the only warrant for ono cent ever drawn by the Secretary of the Treasury upon tho United States Treasurer. It was lu payment of tho balunco of the salary duo tho great democratic chieftain at the close of his term in 1897, and its issuance was mado necessary by ono of those mistakes that are rare on tho part of the export bookkeepers engaged In running tho accounts of the govern ment. Every quarter the President of the United States Is entitled to throo checks ono for $4,166.66 and two for $4,166.67. The table of methods of paying government salaries shows that if the $50,000 a year for tho President is divided into twelve equal Instalments, ono for each month, tho amounts will bo $4, 1C6.66 2-3, but tho two-thirds of a cent cannot bo paid at tho end of a month, and so the pratclce Is to Bend the President a check for $4,166.66 one month and tho other two months of the quarter the amount Is $4,166.67. In some manner President Cleve land failed to get a chock one month for the extra cent that was due him, and when the books were balanecd at the close of his term It was detected. With all due solemnity the officers of the Treasury drew tho famous warrant for one cent, and Mr. Cleve land received It with the same amount of seriousness. He has never cashed the warrant and has preserved It, although It is good , while others believe that It Is not worth a cent now. A Resident In Java. In Java the European "resident" of a government station Is a very Im portant personage, to whom great homage Is rendered by the natives. A story Is told of one resident who was thrown out of his dogcart while descending a bill. He had barely re covered from the stunning fall when he caught sight of his secretary carriage coming bounding down the steep road like a big India rub ber ball, rolling over and over In the dust. "Hullo, havo you been upset, too?" asked tho resident. "No, resi dent,' sputtered the fat little secre tary, scrambling to his feet again, "but I thought If the resident leaps I leap too." During a cholera scare another resident Invited a widow to remove to a high hill as a precaution against tho disease. She, however, said that she thought her time to dlo had come, and as her husband had been a person of Importance In his lifetime, she asked only for tho inestimable privilege of having her grave dug next to the resident's own. Somo years ago tho government of Java offered a reward for all croco diles killed or captured. For a time enormous numbers of them were brought to the autohrlttes. Then It was discovered that nearly all the natives had gono to raising croco diles, so the reward was withdrawn. Tho Pope's Old Watch. Pope Plus X, is never ashamed of his humble start in life. Once, It Is related, In tho presence of a Cardi nal, he drew from his pocket a cheap looking watch, the guard of which consisted merely of an old shoe string. The Cardinal at once produced his own magnificent gold time-piece and begged His Holiness to 'accept it, and give him the Inferior one In ex change. But the Pope refused, ex plaining that the poor old watch was a present from his mother, who had to stint herself to pay for It. As to the shoestring, when the watch had been paid for, there was no money left for the chain, so ono of his sis ters gave him the string. Mr. Comoro's Habits, Mr. Carnegie never smokes. No ono dares light a cigarette in Skibo castle. Mr. Carnegie does not play cricket; Is not devoted to riding; never followed the hounds In his life and does not shoot. Oolf Mr. Carnegie plays In moderation and ho Is fond of trout and salmon fishing. He loves to potter about his garden, te'.dbo castle is to blrii a great open lilr toy, with which he is never tired lif playing. He Is always planting liere, diverting a stream there, mak a now road or mending a bridge. THE COLUMBIAN, BLOOMSBURO, PA. I IIS ill Maladies Peculiar to Certain Forms of Trade. NUMBER IS INCREASING They Range From Bends to Writer's Cramp Ship Engineers, Preachers, Stonecutters, Weavers, All Subject to Maladies Caused by Their Occu pation. Last year, probably 500 men In Am erica and Europe died of the bends. And what Is that? Simply a malady caused by breathing air at high pres sure. In building tunnels and excavating for piers it is necessary to scud men down Into caissons In which the air, Instead of being at its ordinary pres sure of 16 pounds to the square inch, is at 60 or 100 pounds. Few men cr.n stand this pressure long and even those that can ordinarily suitor al arming after effects. Coming out into the open air again their ankles and knees swell, they vomit and there aro agonizing pains in their heads. Some times tiiey Bink into a comatose state and die. Fortunately modern medicine tries to keep pace with modem maladies, and so it Is usually possible to euro this disease. It is due as a rule to the fact that the transition from tne outer air to the caisson, or vice ver sa, is made too rapidly. The man who topples over in agony after leaving a caisson is sent back and the pressure is reduced very slow ly. In Europe, the tunel and b rid go builders maintain special chambers for this purpose. As a result the mor tality in bends has been reduced to 3 per cent. Unfortunately there are other occu pation diseases which present great er difficulties. Some of them in truth may be cured only by the patient ab andoning his trade. One of these is chalacosls, which is a malady of the lung. It Is caus ed by breathing great quantities of stone dust. You have often observed no doubt, that when a marble or stone building nears completion men go all over its surface with sandblasts, cleaning and smoothing the stone. Well, these blasts send up a cloud of finely pow dered stone and the workmen are forced to breathe it. At first their bronchial tubes make a brave effort to expel the dust and they cough a great deal. But by and by the little scavengers In toe vesti bules of the lungs are overcome and the minute particles of stone begin to Invade the lungs themselves. The result is chalacosls, which is a form of pneumonokonlosls, which means a scarlike overgrowth of lung tissues. "Wind Instrument players suffer from a malady calledf emphysema The small air passafges in their lungs are Inflated so much and so often that the surrounding ceils are mashed flat. Workers in chemicals are subject to all sorts of unusual amotions. Those who take part In the manufacture of rubber for example, are often badly Injured by the capers of surphide of carbon an exceedingly HI smelling liquid used to dissolve the elastic gum. These vapors cause eauaches, neuralgia, a staggering gait and vio lent bodily pains, followed sometimes by delirium and mania. Weaver's tonsilltls is a malady fre quently met with among the employees of cotton mills, due to the presence of minute fibres of cotton in the crypts of tonsils. These tonsils cause a chronic Irri tation and the way Is thus opened for the entrance of stray germs. The malady yields to tho treatment Indi cated for ordinary tonsilltls. Tea tasters, despite the fact that they seldom if ever swalloV any of the tea they taste, commonly suffer derangements of various bodily func tions. The poison in this case Is the very powerful alkaloid to which tea owes its soothing virtues. It is a commonplace of observa tion that the excessive use of any one group of muscles leads to a sort of local paralysis. This malady was for merly very familiar In the form ot what was called writer's cramp. It was thought that the triumph or the typewriting machine over the old fashioned pen would cause It to disap pear from the earth, but it is now In full bloom as typewriter's cramp. Similar neuroses afflict telegraphers, violinists, piano players, cigarette makers and milkmaids. Another form of this serious and troublesome disease Incapacitates mar ine engineers. These men usually spend all ' their time, awake and as leep, within a few feet of their belov ed engines. The constant vibration overworks certain of their muscles particularly those of the legs and the result is a good deal of pain. Sometimes this pain extends up the back and has distressing consequences. As a rulo it is relieved by a few days ashore. Workers In ship engine rooms also suffer from breathing hot, vitiated air and from contant stooping. Spasms, rigidity of certain muscles and vari ous neuralgias and hysterical symp toms are sometimes encountered la such men. Puro obstiuacy often looks Ukt courage. f1 HOW PENCILS ARE MADE. Wood Comes from the South Grsph. Its Tempered by an Alloy of Clay. Tho lead pencil, as we know It to day, Is a product of several centuries, representing the labors, thought and genius of many thousands of people, conserved In processes, methods and systems, which require a thousand men and women to operate. In other words. It requires the servlco of a thousand people to produce ono lead pencil, but in the same day the finis-ling touches aro put upon the one pen cil, this force will turn out 250,000 pencils. The lead pencils, as Its name would seem to imply, Is not mado of lead but of graphite. Originally It was mado of metaltc lead Incased In wood henco its name. Hut it was not un til after tho discovery of the famous Cumberland graphite mines In Eng land, 1505, that graphite supplanted metallic lead in the pencil. For two centuries the lead pencil Industry was confined to England, but In 17G1, when Casper Faber of the village of Stein, near Nuremberg. Ba varia, began in his village a small pencil plant, the Industry gradually shifted Into Germany, where it pros pered to such an extent as to become a world's center, and remained such for about a century. Even to this day thero are about CO pencil manu factories in Nuremberg. Tho fact that the cedar suitable to go into a lead pencil, owing to its straight grain and smooth texture, I found exclusively In the southern Elates, particularly in Florida and Alabama, united with the circura Etanco of the war tariff and the At lantic blockade in tho GOs, cut off tha supply of tho raw material to tho Oermnn manufactories and created conditions for the successful promo tion of the Industry In the United States. Tho graphite, which Is tho essen tial part of the pencil, comes chiefly from Ceylon, Eastern Siberia, Bohe mia and Mexico. The ore is often found In quantity In other localities, but it Is so mixed with oxides of iron, silicates and other Impurities as to; render it unfit for the manufacture of pencils. As it Is the best graphite mined. It has to be treated by hand to free It from such Impurities which are nearly always found In certain (Quantities. In cheaply made pencils these foreign elements are readily de tected by the greasy or scratchy run of the pencil on paper. After the graphite has been broken In small bits and separated as nearly as pos sible from its impurities by hand, It is pulverized and then placed In tuba of water, allowing the Impurities to precipitate while the graphite floats upon tho surface. A centrifugal de vice Is often used by which tho graphite Is separated by dry process, but this Is not reliable and is little ) used In the making of good pencli3. After the water process, the graphite is filtered through filter presses when It Is ready to be treated to the clay process. This process, which was discovered in 1820 by M. Conte, a French chemist, permits the manu facturer to produce pencils of differ ent grades and adapted to many uses. As the graphite from the filter process would bo too soft for ordinary uses the special clay Introduced Into it, having been treated to a similar process as tho graphite, gives It the degree of hardness desired. The mor clay in the graphite the harder the lead becomes. While the clay-graphite mixture is still in its plastic condition it Is shaped Into loaves and fed to hydrau lic presses, which gives them a de sired form. The high grade pencils those of the greatest wearing quali tiesreceive a higher degree of pressure. These hydraulic presses are each provided with a sapphire or emerald dlo, corresponding to tho cal iber of tho lead desired. The graph ite Is forced through the die and leaves it in one continuous string, which Is cut Into lengths suitable for pencils, usually about 7 Inches. The graphite Is then ready for use. After tho cedar slats are kiln dried or treated by steam processes to ex pel all moisture, they are passed through automatic grooving machines, each slat receiving six seml-clrcular grooves into which leads are placed, brushed with glue and fitted to Its mote. A skillful girl Is able, by one swift movement of her fingers, to sweep 15 or 20 leads Into their sock ets. A bunch of these leaded, mated elrta Is thrust Into a hydraulic press when all superfluous glue is.squeezed out and the bundles are locked and allowed to dry. The glued slats con taining the leads are then run through molding machines which turn out the pencils In round, hexagon or flat shapes as desired. Preliminary to tho varnish-coloring process tho pen. ells aro run through sanding ma chines. Both tho Band-papering and coloring processes are automatic, the pencils being fed in quantities In hop pers. In the latter case they are car lied one at a time through small col oring vats and discharged through an aperture of the caliber of the pencil and deposited In a slowly moving dry belt which carries them a sufficient distance, about 20 feet, to allow them to dry. They are then gathered from the receptacle into which they aro deposited and the process Is repeated often ten or more times, according to tho quality of finish desired. Od shaped pencils, such as hexagons, flats, etc., are colored by the old pro cess, by being suspended by tholi ends from frames and Immersed In coolrlng vats, then slowly withdrawn by machine. This gives a smooth enamel finish. Extensive coal mines are now being worked on the island of Sumatra. PREVENTS A HTOKM TIE-UP. A Chicago Man Has Solved the Prob lem "How to Conquor Rloct.w A protected third roll for electric, elevated, surface or subway rail roads, which will finally overcome tho most annoying problem to tho elevated railroads tho sleet Is claimed to havo been perfected by E. Wilson Fnrnhnm, Chicago. The tie-up of elevated roads, and tho sur face linos with tho third rail attach ment, which occurs during sleet storms, brought from the officials of the lines the announcement that they hod found no method by which tho elevated service could be safe guarded. Mr. Farnhnm has been experi menting along these lines for years. To perfect tho Idea, he lensed a mile of railroad track near Clyde, 111. whore ho worked out tho plan, put together a Bectlon of tho rail and gave it a thorough test. Perfected motels were constructed, and ar rangements made to manufacture the rail and attachments. A, third rail; B, box cover over rail; C, contact shoe. Models show a perfectly guarded third rail. Tho rail is attached in an Inverted position to the Insulated arm which supports It. An Insulated cover fits over the top of the rail and the two sides of it are protected by a box-like arrangement. The only way to reach the rail Is at the under side of the box-like protection. At that point the surface of the rail projects slightly, so that to reach the third rail a person would almost have to He on the ground and reach up under the rail to touch It. The shoe through which contact is obtained by the motors of the cars makes the contact by pressing up against the bottom of the rail, in stead of sliding along the upper sldo of the rail. The mechanism Is the same as for the top-side shoe in an Inverted position. Modern Wreckers. When the British ship Umzumbl. plying between England and South Africa, wont on the rocks, off the western coast of France, a few weeks ago, her furnishings and cargo were looted by the inhabitants of the Inlands of Ushant and Bnnnec. Search was made on these Islands for the stolon goods, but to no purpose. An Inhabitant of Ushant explained tho situation as follows: "When a ship is wrecked on theso islands the robbers take what they can and bury it In tho sand or hido it in some other way. They wait patiently till tho hue and cry has ceased, and then go and unoarth their barrels of wino, spirits and Madeira and the furniture thoy have stolen. "Pillage of this kind Is the prin cipal resource of many of the Island ers and the most bountiful harvest they could possibly reap. Not a wreck occurs on our coaBts without these thieves hastening to tho scene. Everything that they find ts turned to some account, whether it bo watches, money, furniture, or even sextants and chronometers. Since I came to live on tho island I have seen ten wrecks stripped by these men and thero are no police to stop them. "Once a fortnight the police come with the mall packet and then you hear some shrill whistling, which Is tho islanders' method of telling one another to look out. The goods stolen from the Umsumbi will not see the light till three or four months hence. The refloating of that vessel aroused great indignation among these hon est people, who considered that once she was on the rocks she belonged absolutely to them." Electricity for Seasick noss. Tho ship physician of the Hamburg-American liner Patricia pub lishes his account of a new method for treating seasickness by means of an electric-vibration chair, writes Consul Osmun from Stuttgart. Six of those chairs were placed aboard the Patricia and connected with the elec tric light conduit. The Bedatlve ef fect on the patient when vibrated in the choir was noticeable, reducing me puise ana nervous excitement. The UBe of these electric chairs will I bo extended to othor steamers this' winter. ( CAREFULLY GUARDED SECRET3. Fsw of tho King's Household Know About his Prlvat Affairs. There Is a sense In which monatths base uu secrets. In the very tiaturo of things tbey are compelled by tna necessities of their position to tak.j soniei no Into their conlidenco wlin ros-pect to almost every detail of tlic;r dully life. Hut for the most part tiles-! confidences are jealously guarded, and In a bundled and one ways the publie rurloslty has to satisfy Itself witti moi e or less plausible "guesHes ut truth." To tnke an example. Tho lust wi: and testament of Queen Victoria lias never been disclosed, na tho law of prolate does not apply to tho mvur e!gu of the realm, my s Cass.l's Jour nal. For several years heforo her dia mine tho socWty gossips need l.i pru fcES an intimate knowledge of Its con tents; they knew how many folio it occupied, the exact number of cort. clls, the color of its binding un.i other irrelevant facts. all their pridlctieus have been falmii-d hv i cnts, and although It la soiiuiiu-.os ii -clared that many persona about u court are familiar with Its chief p:o vlslons, there are probably not ),a f a dozen people, bitldes her la to m,i jetty'a own children, who have m...' real knowledge about it, and tney w,;i never tell, liven to thi day th'i puij lic Is entirely In tin? din; a:? to Mi provisions of the will of the prim consort, and it is purely a Miir.a tiiv the chief kgateo was; his r.uun. t .,.: ov. Tnke the case of Kin Ed-.v.-.nl private Investments. Thrro arc know a to but three courtiers, end only on.; schedule of them, It may be said with cciil)(!e;ice, is In existence. I'm;! profess to know of large purchase of West End ground rents, of Iur-,! commitments In American railway, and so forth. For the woi-t part, hi, cvtr, theso securities are held i:i tt'..: names cf trusty intimites who an themselves large Investors, and r.o c timates of his majesty's personal es tate lu:s any value whatever. Mt.t.y European sovereigns, especially in th1 more restless portions of tho conti nent, are said with much reason to keep the bulk of their private for tunes in the Btrong rooms of liie Rothschilds and other financial houses In J.oodtn and vlsewbcrc, where tKir secrets are Inviolable. One veteran monarch, to tho writ er's knowledge, conducted his prlvat-1 business with his London agents through the medium of a young Ka glishman, whose duties wens quite un suspected, even by his own relatives. Whenever he came across the chan nel he used to put up wltu, a linen draper whose acquaintance he formed In his boyhood, and by tnis means his movements were kept secret, if anyone had inquired his business, he would have produced a case of com mercial samples and offered to open an account. King buward carries at one end of his gold albert a gold kep whicn bis gold albert a gold key wbica there Is no duplicate. All state pap ers, however, are kept in despatch boxes until transferred to the safes 'In the secretariat and of these tho keys are kept by Lord Knollys. When -la majesty has quitted his personal apartment no servant Is allowed 10 enter until an assistant secretary has destroyed the contents of the wasta paper backet, the blotting pads, and even the printed wrappers of newspap ers received from every capital in Europe. It is an unwritten law that the private secretary shall not lndtiigo in a gossipy diary after the manner of Samuel Pepys he must, of neces sity, keep a dally record of bare facts and certain courtiers, Including the maids of honor, are required us a condition of their service to enter Into an obligation of tho Bame kind. All royal telegrams are manipulate I by a special operator, who is reserv ed for this duty. Unlike public nice sages, no duplicates are kept, and tho original messages, In certain instances are promptly returned to ie palace, after a note has been made of the number of words for the purpose of ac count. The cipher codes which tu used between the foreign office and the embassies abroad are not employ ed for the personal messages of tlic king, nor is any system of . cryptic writing usual between monarch and monarch. Tho German emperor encloses all his private letters In waterproof en velopes of a special make. He is lleved to make freer use of secret de vices In corresponding with his minis ters and others than any other Euro pean monarch, and thero Is no doubt that his private safes contain a uias3 of secret intelligence, strategic mem oranda made by his own hand, and other matter which, In England, are left to tho departments responsible for such things. It Is understood that he keeps no private diary, but the Empress AuguBta has been accustom ed ever since her marriage to commit her thoughts on current affairs to writing, and each January the diary for the previous year Is locked and preserved In her ewel safe. The Minnesota State Auditor's cfllca recently paid bounty claims on 1,021 full-grown wolves and 951 cubs. The amount paid out was $9,721.50, and in this fiscal year about $30,000 has been paid out on such claims. Marshall county made the biggest showing with $1,020 paid, and claims for $132-50 from Hennepin county were honored. The present bounty Is $7.50 for grown volves and $3 for cubs. Present a small boy with a watch, and he'll have the time of hia llf.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers