6 HERO AND MARTYR OBSERVING THE ' QUADRIGENTEN NIALOF SAVONAROLA. JUL Creeds Now Laud the Great l'rieat Who I lied lor Freedom'* Cauue. lie Was Not Afrai<l to Stand Up Alone Against Vice and Curruption. It Is now four hundred years sincg mankind saw the example of a great churchman standing up unaided and •lone to voice the will of his masters and to rebuke as he did, vice and sel flahness and lust of power. That man was Savonarola. Savonarola was not canonized. His name does not grace the calendar of the saints, but he was the nearest churchman to the type of Christ that appeared sfnea the Crucifixion, and Immeasurably the greatest since his own day. Savonarola lived in Florence when Florence was the first city of the world and when it was ruled by a man to whom time serving writers have given the name at Lorenzo the MagniScent, but whose proper designation ought to have been the corrupt Podesta of the Italian Ren aissance. The Medici were extensive mer chants in Florence and held power by packing thp primaries. They held Florence in their grasp by first select ing its rulers inside the walls of the palace and then condescending to call the people together to announce the names of those upon whom the choice had fallen. The last lusty praetor of this line, but one, was this Lorenzo and he had exhausted the spice of life at the age of 44 years. His motto was to encourage "cheerful sins." Po litically he also was so corrupt as td call for the censure of Savonarola; but he was the Papal treasurer as well as dictator of the Republic. He had sufficient "pull" to remove the monk to a parish on the top of a neighboring mountain where Savonarola could ap preciate the plight of Tantalus by looking down upon the Florentine city while too far away to make his voice heard at tho lecherous court in the itreets. There were no "extras" or telegraphs In those days and banishment from the great city was equivalent to com plete Isolation. However, from his isolation Savonarola preached alter nately against both Church and State, or to bo more accurate, against the rival despots who then represented both institutions in Italy. A time came when Lorenza fell out with the Vatican. Lorenzo who felt tired of ruling a Republic whose people gave him so much his way, resolved upon forming a dynasty by grasping the neighboring states of Naples and Mil an. He and his family had robbed the Florentines but the Medici had compounded fur other crimes by rich ly endowed libraries and had freely given of money thus wrung from want tor the erection of churches. In carrying out his dynastic schemes it struck Lorenzo the Magnificent that it would give him more prestige If he now recalled Savonarola from his se clusion in the Mountains, particularly as the bent of Savonarola's preaching had been minatory of the Vatican which was secretly desirous of balking Lorenzo's plan of unifying Florence, Naples and Milan in one dynasty as it was later that of Garrlbaldl and of Victor Emmanuel. Savonarola was now accordingly brought back to Florence and installed in the Church of St. Mark. He again denounced all tho vices and hypocrisy of the joint despots of Italy with re newed zeal and was promptly sum moned to ißome. He refused to go. SavrAnayola was summoned again av.d agMs declined. As Lorenzo had n<flfy endowed this Church of St. ordered the suc cessive pastors call at the palace to pay their respects on every anniver sary of his birth. Savonarola posi tively declined to recognize any such arrangement. He refused to pay any heed whatever to the summons of Lor enzo. He was an independent man who mean", to keep his life and sacred character in strong contrast to tho sluggish and salacious tendencies of his times. This example will illustrate the man's character. One day the Ptlncess of a burgher family, and whose husband was the lord of Bolog na made a pompous and noi3y en trance Into Savonarola's church while he was officiating. The commotion of the admiring Florentines was redolent of the'servitude of the period. Though the family of the Lord of Bologna was so influential that It was said "God Almighty would hesitate to damn one of them," Savonarola stopped for a moment in bis sermon saying "here comes an evil sp-tit to disturb this word of God!" Tae haughty ludy en tered church with less of a retinue end with decidedless aplomb the succeeding Sabbath and the chastening though rude and pointed speech did her a world of gucd. Such * was tho man whom Lorenzo the Magnificent now called to Florence to play off against the Vatican and whom neither Prince nor Pope neither the Vatican nor the Court could swerve from the path of truth and duty as-he believed both to be limned out by ehrist. In truth Savonarola indi cated. the dignity of religion against the mercenary vandals who would de stroy It. TP- made the world, the flesh and the devil so shaky in the polity of Florence four huudred years ago a's they hadn't been since the com ing of Christ himself. Savonarola strong, eloqueut and righteous with true religion was one side. r;, O worffi, the peak and tho devil backed other. An i j- so pointedly marto by both Chuicn and State were on the oould not last long. One or other would have to give way. Lorenzo as personifying the State was the first to surrender. The de bauched dictator was about to die. he sent a messenger for Savonarola's presence and priestly blessing. Lor enzo was a man with excellent com mon sense notwithstanding his bad and sinful life and knowing that the intercession of a wretched padre would have only inflamed and insulted an al ready angry God he sought for tho benediction of an honest, upright, and righteous exponent of the life and ex amples of Christ Savonarola's an swer was worthy of him. He offered to help Ixrrenzo to the Throne of Grace upon these three conditions. First, Lorenzo was to make a declaration of faith in God and his Church. This condition shows that Savonarola dif fered largely from the subsequent ca reer of those reformers of whom Luth er is probably tho best typo. Savon arola unlike Luther never ceased to be a Catholic In spirit, sympathy and af filiations. The second condition was that Lorenzo was to restore to the peo ple all the Illegal tribute he had wrung from them in order to enrich his fam ily and to endow churches and to build libraries. Thirdly he was to restore also tho political liberties of tho Re public of Florence. Lorenzo gladly ofTered to comply with the first of these conditions, but he declined the last two. Savonarola now left the death chamber and the tyrant went to Heaven without an exequatur. Then soon after the death of Loren zo the Magnificent a holy boycott was proclaimed from Rome against Sav onarola. A secret society was or ganized In Florence for the purposes of his persecution. The pulpit from which he uttered the truths of his Creator was filled with the refuse and the filth of the streets. Nails were hammered upwards so that their points protruded through the pulpits upon which he used to strike his hands in driving home to the hearts of men the great truths which Inspired him. He was eventually burned In the public square of Florence, May 23, 1498. Contrast the lives and characters of the two men—of Lorenzo and the al most forgotten friar—recall the accu rate application of Lowell's lino "Truth forever on the scaffold; wrong forever on the throne—" and wonderlngly asked also whether such can be as true of Heaven as it unquestionably was of the Medieval despot. If so we may well deny our selves such a place and prefer the com pany of those pious Italians who in spite of every anathema still annually strew with fiowers the place where Savonarola was crucified. If religion is ever to recover the ground it Beems to have lost such will only be done by the clergy keeping the model of this brave and immortal man steadily be fore their minds. The spectacle of a modern Savonarola telling a Rocke feller or a Carnegie of his delinquencies in the very temple which he had reared and to his face would do more to re vive popular interest in the churches than all the revivals and sermons and Sunday schools of a whole century. Bishop Potter attempted this role In a mild way in St. Paul's Church in New York in 1888 in the cases of the poli ticians and in the presence of Pres ident Harrison but his example feeble though it was hasn't found among the pastors of America one single imita tor. MISS ETHEL R. BENJAMIN. The first and only woman allowed to practice in a supreme court in British dominions is Miss Ethel R. Benjamin, who last year graduated from Otaga University at the head of her class in every branch of the law. The New Zealand courts immediately uamitted her to the bar, although in Great Brit ain and British possessions there is a prejudice or conservatism that has pre vented any other woman from being thus honored. Enzllah apt It In Spoken. It is little wonder that foreigners are in despair in learning to speak the English language. One of the great est difficulties lg the way in which the same syllable sounds have often very different meanings. "You'll get run in." said the pedes trian to the cyclist without a light. "You'll get run Into," savagely re sponded the cyclist, as he knocked- tho pedestrian down and ran up his spine. "You'll get run in, too." said the po liceman. as he stepped from behind a tree and grabbed the wheel. And just then another scorcher came along without a light, so tho policeftian san in two. Maid—Mem, the baby has gone off and nobody has seen him l'or an hour; and, mom, ho left the gate wide open after him. * Mistress—Gracious! Left the gate open? Then Fldo has probably run away, and just as like as net I will never see tho dear thing again. Bos ton Transcript. THE COLUMBIAN. BLOOMSBURG. PA. WEST POINT'S OLDEST VETERAN. Oen.rul Greene'. HrlllJnnt Career M a Soitiier. The oldest notable man In the United States to-flny Is tlio war vet eran and ratnous engineer, General George Sears Greece George Sears Greene was born May 6, ISOI, In the little town of Apponaug, In the State of Rhode Island. Ills an cestor, John Greene, came from Salis bury, England, to ihls country In 1635, and settled In rhs town of Warwick, Rhode Island. When John Bull, In ISI2 tried a second time to punish his rebellious son, Jonathan, young Greene then but eleven years old, wanted to shoulder his muskat and help Jona than to give the tyrannical parent another sound drubbing; but his moth er thought him too young, and he waa forced to be content with the promlso that, when old enough, he 6hould en'er the United States military academj at West Point, and learn how to the enemies of his country. Accord ingly, a few years later he became a student at this institution; and im proved his time so well that when he graduated, in 1823, ho stood second in his class. After graduation he served as an Instructor in mathematics and engi neering at West Point, and ID varioua garrisons in Virginia, Rhode Island, Maine and Massachusetts, until 1836, when ho resigned from the army and devoted his time to the profession of "ivil engineering. At about this period began the marvelous era of railroad building in the United States, when thousands of miles of roadways were made for the iron borse, running out of ail the large cities into what was then the wilds of the west. It was an opportune time for a civil engineer; and Greene, who had already acquired a reputation equalled by few in his profession, found his services in con staud demand. He assisted in the construction of railroads in the states of Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode Is land, New York and Maryland. He was busy at this work until 1556, when ha was hired by the Croton aqueduct department of New York City. While in its employ he superintended the most of tho important engineering work done in the city, designing and building the reservoir In Central Park, enlarging High Bridge and building a new aqueduct over it. During this time his fame as an engineer grew, until it became so great that private individuals and corporations often came to him for advice, when import ant work was to be undertaken by them. In 1861 came the war of the rebel lion. Engineer Greene was now sixty years old, but strong and hearty. The war stirred his martial blood; and when in 1882 it became evident that tho rebellion was not to be put down easily, that his country had need of the help of the arms and brains of all of her loyal sons, he hesi tated no longer, but offered his ser vices. His ability was well known, and. despite his sixty years, he was given an important command. Now began a life of hardship and perill, sufficient to test severely the strength of a strong man full of the vitality of youth; but General Greene at sixty years of ago was practically in the prime of his Mto, and his splendid physique carried him safely through them all. Gettysburg proved his courage and generalship. Here, on the night of July 2, 1563, with his brigade reduced to less than 1,500 men, he held the en trenchments on Culp's Hill, on the right wing of the army of the Potomac, from 6 until 10 o clock at night, against the repeated attacks of the Con federate forces. lie occupied a cru cial point, and the Southerners were determined to drlhve him from it. if its accomplishment was within the ability of men and courage. Again and again did they charge the little band of heroes on Culp's Hill, only to be met with a courage more stubborn than their own and driven back. Had they been able to force General Greene from bis position, and, though the gap thus made, hurried a strong division to the rear of the main body of the Un ion army on Cemetery Ridge, Gettys burg, probably, would have been a Confederate victory. After Gettysburg General Greene, with the rest of the eleventh and twelfth corps of the army of the Poto mac, went to Nashville to re-enforce the army at Chattanooga. On October 28, during a night attack by the enemy at the foot of Lookout Mountain, Gen eral Greene, while at the head of his brigade, fell, badly wounded by a ball through his upper Jaw. The enemy was routed; but the brave old veteran was compelled to retire from fighting until January, 1885. As soon as his physicians would permit he resumed his military duties; and, although within a few months of sixty-four years of age, he Joined a provisional division under Generals Schofield and Cox at Newberp, North Carolina. At the battle of Kingston, North Carolina, he'had another escape , from death. His horse was killed, and he was thrown to the ground; but es caped without serious Injury. 'lhls, \ briefly, tells the story of his more Im portant services during the rebellion. Rhode iSland, his native state, was so proud of his gallant conduct and val ued services during the war, that its legislature guvc him a vote of thanks, j General Greene now has the added distinction of being ths oldest living American army officer, the oldest liv ing graduate of Vv'est Point and tbe oldest man living who has been promi nent in American public life. BOLD PIRAL ES AND PRIVATEERS. " Con.truing tho International Law. That Rule tho Comineroo of the Hlgli Seas. Privateering is correctly defiued as the Indulgence of that piratical spirit which en.ters Into the hearts of men In time of war, whereby under the mask of patriotism they inflict losses on an enemy's commerce with the primary object of enriching themselves. There are other definitions in the lexicons of international law, but this interprets the spirit of the practice. In the pres ent usage a license Is Issued to a per son having some opportunities for the purpose of privateering. He ships a number of able-bodied fighting men, and under the authority granted in what are termed letters of marque and reprisal, these seamen ferret out ships either carrying tho enemy's colors or these of a neutral nation, and suspect ed of having contraband-of-war or other valuable cargoes, they run Uie vessel so captured Into port and con fiscate a portion of the proceeds as the reward of capture. If private Individuals attempt to seize a vessel without having letters of marque and reprisal In their posses sion from the proper authorities they come within the designation of pirates and are entitled to be shot down. Re duced to Its last analysis a privateer is therefore one who, if letters of marque and reprisal were not Issued would be entitled to be treated as a pirate. In other words privateering is plundering uhder protection of some responsible government. Previous to the Crimean war In 1855 this was the universal law of nations but at the Treaty of Paris where the questions Involved in that war were finally settled, privateering was re garded as a cruel and Indefensible practice and was abolished. The un derstanding to do so was signed April 16, 1856 on the part of Austria, France, Great Britain, Russia, Prussia, Sar dinia and Turkey, and is therefore binding on all the great powers except the United States, Spain and Mexico. These nations have never recognized the Declaration of Paris against pri vateering. The injury that may be done to a nation by a professedly neu tral power may easily be Inferred from that done to the commerce of the Unit ed States by the Alabama and other cruisers fitted out In England and flying the English flag. These crui sers Charles Sumner estimated had wrought to American shipping a dam age of $3,000,000,000, thus practically driving our merchant marine from the seas. There have been two theories hither to governing privateering. Ono was that It made no difference whether goods were carried under hostile or even neutral flag and the other that It was the nationality of the vessel car rying the goods always determined their liability to capture. In the for mer case the nationality of tho goods and not the vessel In which they were carried was the determining point Thus in one case the enemies' goods were safe nowhere; In the other they were not liable to seizure when carried in ships flying a neutral flag. A cruiser of one nation has the right to know the nationality of another that it meets at sea. But a failure to declare nationality though grave cause for suspicion would give no right of capture. The inquiring vessel is first expected to show its colors. If the suspected cruiser does not respond a blank cartridge may be fired across Its bows. Should there be still no declar ation of nationality this may be fol lowed by a cannon shot, but nothing more is permitted. And if the pursu ing vessel takes the risk of search her crew and captain must be prepared to take the consequences. In interna tional law mere flight or silence is therefore no Justification for search or attack. A vessel sailing between two neutral ports and found on the usual line of navigation is not subject to inquiry. If, however, required by a cruiser, which shows its colors she refuses to 1 heave to and then resists the right of search such Rctlon Justifies her con fiscation if found with contraband of war. Coal is usually contraband of war and any articles likely to give aid or comfort to an enemy if found in ex cessive quantities. As to what con stitutes a privateer there is some dif ference of opinion. An armed mer chantmen is not a privateer. Jefferson said that "though a merchant vessel had arms to defend herself in time of war and In the course of her regular commerce this no more makes tier a privateer than a husbandman follow ing his plow in time of war with a knife or a pistol in liis pocket is there by made a soldier." WAR'S NIGHT EYE. Tne searchlight plays a prominent part in guarding against anight attack. Above is shown the kind moated along the'Atlautio seaboarl. ~ V _ "A PERFECT FOOD—as Wholesome as It Is Delicious." 0 WALTER BAKER & CO.'S O IJr BREAKFAST OOCOSji In |i|P •• Has stood the teat of more than xoo years' use amon* all JS Aw 2 Vn classes, and for purity and honest worth is unjquailtd." AH i * \ \\ —lltdical and Surgical Journal. /\ X Hi' I lITVA Costs less than ONE CENT a Cup. V MM I r* 1 ■ Trade-Mark on Every Package. WALTER BAKER & CO. LTD., X TRADE-MARK. Established I 780. DORCHESTER, MASS. A ALEXANDER BROTHERS & CO. DEALERS IN Cigars, Tobacco, Candies, Fruits and l\uts SOLE AGENTS FOR Henry Maillard's Fine Candies. Fresh Every "Week. iPsyisriT-s GOODS SPECIADTT. SOLE AGENTS FOR F. F. Adams & Co's Fine Cut Chewing Tobacco Sole agents for the following brands of Cigars' Henry Clay, Lcndres, Normal, Indian Frincess, Samson, Silver Ash Bloomsburg Pa. IF YOU ARE IN NEE£ OF CARPET, JIATTO'G, ob* OIL CLOTH, YOU WILL FIND A NICE LINE AT W. lEL IBEOWEB'S 2nd Door above Court Honbc A large lot of Window Curtains in stock. | fl THAT'S JUST IT ! . .....v?- You can't always tell by the J*? I// W if looks of a garment liow it is /// going to WEAR. /ij|.' get the WEAR as well as i I ie l°°k s when you can have \Jf /1 ' I i both at the same rAl'i| \ \ ill/ PEICE. $12.00 is the starting Safer — : lu|| M 1 / 7-Jj point of those Jn WM' E(,wanl E - Strauss &. Co.'s I\\ ( L Famous Custom Tailored 1 ' vMIEi- Suits and Overcoats with an ironclad guarantee This settles T K S the thrown in free. itl Hereafter F jgft? K- * d To IT WILL PAY YOU to examine I will have all j[ win success a this line, and leave your or rny clothes man cannot der for one of these hand "'".l™ BV UlllJ Si some garments. ORDER BY * M— CALL ON EDWARD E. STRAUSS & CO. L. GROSS, America's Popular Tailors, Chicago. Bloomaburg. Pa. "Don't borrow trouble." Buy SAPOLIO 'Tis cheaper in the end. For Would Like-to-be Brides. There is a popular idea that June is the favorite month for weddings, and that the young woman who loves romance and wishes fortune to smile upon tier nuptials in every way must "choose this of all months. Cola and unromantic fact, however, shows that the three most popular marriage months are October, November and December. Fifty years' record shows this to be true, and also demonstrates the fact that the most unpopular months for marriage are January. February and March. The victories of Hood's Sarsaparilia over all Forms of disease. Conclusively prove That it is an unequalled Blood purifier. It conquers The demon. Scrofula, Relieves the itchir.g and burning of salt rheum, cures running soies, ulcers, boils, pimples, and every other form of humor or disease originating in impure blood. The cures by flood's Sarsaparilia are cures—abso lute, permanent, perfect cures. They are based upon its great power to purify and enrich the blood. " Why did you strike this man ? " asked the Judge as he mopped his humid brow. >' He made mockery of | nty susceptibility to the extreme heat," [replied the perspiring fat man. "As I stopped to look at the thermometer he shouted : •Oh ! 1 don't know ; I you're not so warm 1' " " Discharged! cried the Judge. OASTOHIA. Bears the _>Thn Kind You Haw Always Btiugl* ' T" Claims of Danger- The war tax has induced a new ele ment in the art of writing advertise ments. Whoever gets up the matter tor a soap, for example, must steer a very nice course and not claim too much, or his boss may have to pay a tax. To say that a soap will clear the skin ot dirt is safe, because such a soap does not require a stamp ; but when you tell the public that your soap will improve the complexion and give health to the skin, then you are. taxed. So with baking powder. It is all right to advertise it as the best on earth and back statements up with chemical analysis, tut the slightest claim to medicinal quality means a stamp. Who can fail to take advantage of this offer. Send 10 cents to us tor a "••■nerous trial size or ask your drug gyjt. Ask for Ely's Cream Balm, the most positive catarrh cure. Full size 50 cents. ELY BROS, 56 Warren St., N. Y City. I suffered from catarrh of the worst kind ever since a boy, and I never hoped for cure, but Ely's Cream Balm seems to do even that. Many ac quaintances have used it with excel lent results.—Oscar Ostrum, War ren Ave., Chicago, 111. "You lie in your teeth," he cried. The other man was calm, cool, un rufiied. •• I admit it," he said, with a yawn. " It's too much trouble to take them out at night, for I'd only have to put them in again when I rose in the morning." OASTOTIIA. Bwim tt)f> The Kind You Haw Always Boujrtt 5Sc
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