6
BRAVE TARSUE 184K7
HOW JACK CAPTURED MEXICO AND
LET IT GO AGAIN.
Qfeale Sum In Those Days Went Aronml
with a Chip on His Shoulder, and In
quiry Boards Rendered Verdicts Be
fore They Slept.
One day. In the year 1842. Captain
Thomas Catesby Jones, then at
Callao in command of a strong squad
ron, which had been sent to the Pacific
coast by the United States to prevent
the seizure of California by the British,
picked up a newspaper and read there
in an article which declared that Mex
ico had just ceded California to En
gland. Before the close of the day a
British frigate came into view, and,
stopping only long enough to take a
brief look at the Yankee squadron,
sailed northward. The appearance of
the English warship and her apparent
haste to move northward, seemed to
Captain Jones to substantiate the
newspaper story he had just read. If
the British were taking possession of
California he had work to do. Up
went his anchors and the prows of his
ships were headed Caiiforniaward. He
reached Monterey harbor, and at once
landed and took possession of the
town. The next day, very much to his
chagrin, he learned that the newspaper
story was a fake, and that he had tak
en forcible possession of a town be
longing to a nation with which the
United States was at peace. He
promptly surrendered the town and
made wiiat amends he could.
This is an interesting fact because it
shows that the first warlike act on tho
part of the United States against Mex
ico was made by a naval officer some
four years previous to actual hostili
ties, and illustrates the distrust with
which England was regarded by the
United States at this period.
The official declaration of war was
made four years later, on May 13,
1846; but It was not until the Bth day
of the following June that Captnln
John Drake Sloat, commander of the
Pacific squadron, then stationed at
Mazatlan, Mexico, learned that war
had been declared. He at once headed
his ship, the frigate Savannah, for
Monterey, California. When he reach
ed this place he found the United
States ships, the Y/arren Cyane, and
Levant at anchor in the harbor. Two
hundred and fifty men were ordered
to land and take possession of the
town, which was accomplished without
opposition on the part of the Mexicans.
Captain Sloat resigned on July 23,
and the more active Captain Robert
Field Stockton was ordered to take his
place.
Stockton proved to he the right man
in the right place. lie at once moved
•gainst Ives Angeles, with three hun
dred and fifty men, and, on August 13,
1846, he entered the city without oppo
sition. llcre he organized a state
government with John C. Freemont
at the head. The Mexicans rallied and
fought fiercely for their homes. I,os
Angeles and Monterey were retaken
and Santa Barbara threatened. The
Mexicans in the country far outnum
bered the Americans: but the superior
courage and skill of the Yankees event
ually carried all before them. Brig
adier-Ceneral Stephen W. Kearney
came from Santc To, New Mexico, with
one hundred men, and, reinforced by
two hundred and fifty men, marched
to San Diego. An army of seven hun
dred men was raised for another at
tack, on Los Angeles, and that city
was re-captured on January 15. 1817.
Captain Stockton now returned to
the east, and Commodore William
Bradford Shuhrlck, with the liner In
dependence, and the brig Preble, and
Commodore Briddie came to the eoa3t.
In a short ttme every Mexican port
north of Acapttlco was blockaded. The
custom-house at Mazutlan was admin
istered by the Americans and nearly
$300,000 collected on imports.
An Incident will illustrate the char
acter of the naval warfare along the
Pacific coast. During the blockade at
Mazatlau, Lieutenant O. W. Harrison
was out with three small boats on the
watch for blockade runners. In his
zeal be wandered far from the protec
tion of the guns of his ship. The Mex
icans, observing this, determined to
eapture him and his men; and, man
ning four big barges with at least three
times as many men as Harrison had,
started after him. Harrison's men
could easily outrow the Mexicans; but
flying from such an enemy did not
suit the bold Yankee officer, and he
treaded the boats straight for the Mex
icans. The Mexicans' courage evap
orated, and they turned about and
fled for their lives the moment the
American rillo bails began whistling in
their ears, and this, too, when they
were supported by field guns on the
beach. No wcndei ths Yankee sailors
felt themselves Vastly the superior of
the timid Mexicans.
The first work of the navy In the
Gulf of Mexico was at. the battle of
Palo Alto, when Commodore David
Connor, commander of the Gulf squad
ron, landed five hundred- men to help
protect the garrison left by General
Taylor at Point Isabel, An attack was
made on Alvarado, w n important port
aouth of Vera Cruz, also on Tuspan,
and a second attack on Alvarado; but
these all failed. Captain Calibraitk
Perry, brother of Oliver Hagard Perry,
commanding the Mississippi, was sent
against Fontera. This is the same
Perry who afterwards won distinction
for opening the ports of Japan to
American commerce. He had with
him two steamers, the Vixen and Spit
fire, and four schooners, with two hun
dred marines and ample crews for all
the vessels. A short distance above
the mouth of the river, which empties
Into the Gulf at Fontera, was a consid
erable fleet of Mexican merchant ves
sels. Captain Perry dashed over tho
r!ver-T>ar, wita me aieamer vixen 5&B
two schooners; and surprised and cap
tured the shipping. The forts and
town surrendered; and Perry ascended
the river seventy-two miles and took
the City of Tabasco.
But the moßt Important work of the
navy in the Gulf was the assistance
it rendered In the capture of Vera
Cruz. In March, 1847, there were
seventy ships and transports before
Vera Cruz, with General Winliold
Scott's army of 12,000 men on board.
A combined naval and army attack
was planned. The contest began on
March 9, 1847, with the landing of
General Scott's army. On March 22
the land forces opened fire on the city;
and the next day an attack was made
on the Castle, the main fortification of
the city, by the navy. At 8 o'clock on
the morning of the 23th the Mexicans
requested that the bombardment of tho
city be stopped, and on March 28, 1847,
the city of Vera Cruz was surrendered.
No further work of importance was
done by the navy In the Gulf during
I this war.
The war with Mexico gave the navy
i few opportunities Mexico had no
navy and there was no real naval bat
i ties; but, In accomplishing the little
, work it was called upon to do, it
j showed that the same energy and cour
-1 age which had made it famous in ISI2
| still animated its officers and men.
SHADOWGRAPH.
1 A New Name Given to mi Olil Tlmo Amu.-
liieiit which All 1;" joy.
Shadowgraphs, a new and coined
i name for our old friends, Shadows
on the Wall, with which our grand
fathers and great-grandfathers used to
delight their grandchildren when tho
day was closing, and the candles were
alight. These shadows, indeed, have
lived through centuries, but in late
years have been very much improved
upon, so that now they form a mo3t
fascinating amusement for both old
and young, at entertainments, at home,
at schools, bazaars, etc.
Now, If my readers wish to appear as
entertainers with this most innocent
and mirthful amusement, and they fol
low out the instructions h"re given,
taking a careful survey of the drawings
illustrating this article, I can assure
them, as a professional entertainer,
that they will succeed; but practice
they must, for without it nothing can
bo accomplished.
First and most important is the light.
The stronger the illumlnant the better.
For ordinary use the magic lantern
come 3 first, as it gives a strong and
steady light, and leaves the apartment
in darkness. Then, we can recom
mend the bull's-eye lantern; and last
ly, even a good candle will answer the
purpose very well.
Whatever light is used. It must be
placed at the hack, and nearly oppo
site the centre of the screen. The dis
tance therefrom you must determine
for yourself, ap It will depend on the
size of the screen and the space you
wish to cover with light
By referring to Fig. 1, you will see
the performer at work. For a screen
or sheet to project the shadows on to,
hero is shown a wooden hoop, such as
young ladies use for mild exercise at a
certain season of the year, and which
can be purchased cheaply in various
sizes from most toy-shops.
Having got your wooden hoop, next
procure a piece of calico sufficient to
cover it and turn over at the edges of
the hoop, ar.d then, as you stretch it
carefully, knock in small tacks to fas
ten It on. Yon may support it in any
manner that pleases you; but here is
illustrated a single support, which ex
plains itself. The performer is cast
ing the shadow of an elephant's head
upon the sheet.
Monnlng of Thumb-Print*.
It Is curious to notice that while a
great deal has been written In a scien
tific spirit of the value of thumb-prints
as a means of identification, no one
has yet found out what these lines in
the thumb mean, or what they may in
dicate in determining character. The
variations have been traced, and the
fact has been noticed that no two
thumbs show precisely the same lines.
The lines in the palm of the hand
have been studied, too, for centuries,
and tho believers in the possibility of
reading character from the iines in
palm are numerous, even among the
educated. But too sifted scientists and
the palmists stop here. The thumb,
they know, contains IIJ : *3 as remark
able and as varying tts the palm. But
what it all means no one knows, nor
has any one atteincted to guess.
When we hark buck to the mystical
knowledge of the ancients, it is mar
vellous that they, too. in many ways
wiser than we. should have beeu baf
fled In reading the tnum'o. And at the
same time they used chumb-prints as
seals.
The Aiueiicun Girl.
American girls in good social posi
tions are allowed more freedom than
the girls of any other nation. The Eu
ropeans are shocked at the way un
married women In America are permit
ted to go out alono with young men,
or receive them alone at their homes!
but it is not recorded that the morals
af American women are any the worse
tor the liberty allowed them. In the
European countries a young lady must
be under the wing of a chaperoue at i
every turn. Ultra fashionable society
in this country is taking up the chaper
ane idea more and more every year—
out the mass of American girls ere still
tree to go and come its they plta-e, and I
nowhere on earth are the girls so self- '
i eliant or more virtuous.
An eminent astronomer say* that for
communication with the inhab nuts of
Mar 3 we should require a liafy as large
B3 Irelaud, and a poie 500 m.ies !c.<a.
I
THE COLUMBIAN. BLOOMSBURG, PA.
THE CONTROL OF SEX.
Dr. Schenk Hlnhnrntc HIH Theory
OR to the Mother'* Diet.
Vienna, May 16. —Prof. Leopold
Schenk's book will be published in Ger
man to-day by the Vienna Arm of
Schallehn & Bollbruck. The work be
gins with a resume of the history of
past theories of sex. The latest—that
in which the result of all Dr. Schenk's
observation and experiments is con
centrated—is, as Is known, that the
nourishment of the mother that is to
be Is of the highest and foremost Im
portance. Work and experience extend
ed over a period of many years eon
| vinced him, he says, first, that he must
I devote his whole attention to the quan
tity of sugar secreted by the mother's
system in normal conditions. When
there is no sugar secreted, not even the
smallest quantity, then a male child
will be produced.
It is very Important that, before there
is any prospect of maternity, the future
l mother should have been receiving the
j nourishment best suited to obtain this
] result, and that afterward she should
. continue the same diet.
I As to the general nature of the food
to be chosen, Prof. Schenk says the
mother should be given nourishment
• rontaining nitrogen and fat in sufficient
quantities, and only so much carbo-hy
drates as not to let her suffer from the
| lack of them. Best to begin with the
treatment two or three months befnre
, hand, and continue it for three months
afterward. Some women cannot bear
.this treatment with nitrogen in concen
trated form. Women in the country
1 who have been fed on vegetable food
! all their lives will be among these.
OUR NEW BATTLESHIPS.
The Alabama I.tinnelietl from Crninp'g
I Shipyard.
Philadelphia, May IS.—The new bat
tleship Alabama was launched at high
; tide to-day at the shipyard of William
Cramp & Sons. Miss Morgan, daughter
■of Senator Morgan of Alabama, named
| the vessel and broke the customary
bottle of champagne over her bow. No
i other ceremony marked the launching,
j as the war regulations do not permit of
entertaining a large crowd in the ship
yards by the Delaware.
The Alabama is one of the three
I first class battleships, Identical in de-
Irign, which were authoiized on June 10,
11896, and is the first to be launched. The
| others are still about half completed—
j the Illinois at Nev. vort News and the
1 Wisconsin at the Union Iron Works in
Ran Francisco.
I In length the Alabama ts 3GS feet. 13
feet longer than the battleship lowa.
Her beam Is 72 feet 5 inches; mean
draught 23 feet 0 inches, and she has a
displacement at that draught of 11,525
ions. She will have two vertical three
cylinder engines, driving twin screws,
sstimated to develop U.OOO indicated
horse power, giving a maximum speed
if 16 knots.
In guns the Alabama will be the
equal of any craft nr.v atlont; the main
battery comprises l'out 13-inch guns,
and fourteen 6-inch rapid-fire guns,
while the secondary battery has six
leen 6-pounders, four 1-pounders, one
Colt, two field guns and four torpedo
tubes.
MACKAY-OUER WEDDING.
7eroruoiiy Performed l>y Archbishop Cor
rijcttu at the Duer Home.
New York, May 18. —Miss Katharine
Duer, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Wil
iam Duer of 17 West 21st street, was
narried at noon Tuesday to Mr. Clar
ence Hangerford Mackay. Archbishop
Dorrigan performed the .ceremony, ac
iordlng to the ritual of the Roman
Jatholic church, of which Mr. Mackay
s a member.
Wealth and fashion of New York
urned out in a way that it has not
>een represented at any marriage since
Miss Consueia Vanderbi.lt married the
Duke of Marlborough.
There were such noted New York
families represented as the Vanderbilts,
Astors, Sloants, Gdelets, the Livings
ons, Van Kensseiacrs ana Kings.
The presents were nearly all costly
Gems and precious stones. The Prin
vess Colonna, the bridegroom's sister,
tnd Mrs. John W. Mackay, ilis mother,
presented the bride with a small fort
me in jewels.
Spanish News from Manila.
. London, Muy 18.—The Madrid corre
tpondent of the Standard says:
"Very conflicting news has reached
Madrid from official and private
sources concerning the state of affairs
'n the Philippines. Captain General Au
susti seems confident that he will be
able to resist the American war ves
sels for some time. His reports as to
the dispositions of the garrisons and
inhabitants are excellent. The princi
oal difficulties are the rise In prices, the
tcarcity of provisions and the unsettled
state of the Interior of the country.
"General August! hopes to overcome
these directly relief comes from Spain,
■f he is also allowed to promise to grant
the natives a part of the reforms de
manded by the leaders of the insurrec
iion, which were submitted to ..xarshal
Primo Rivera during his governor gen
eralship. Spain Is disposed to go far 'll
conceding administrative and munici
pal reforms, but she cannot easily com
oly with the native aspirations as re
gards the vast property and inlluence
of the religious orders In the Philip
pine and other archipelagoes.
Pen nay I van lu Go vernorsblti.
Philadelphia, Pa., May 17.—A dls-
Jatch from Avalon, N. J., where Sena
tor Quay Is spending a few days at
State Senator Becker's cottage, says
hat after a conference with State
Chairman Elkin, Senator Durhnm and
>ther Republican leaders, the Senator
Dledged himself anew to the candidacy
>f William A. Stone for Governor.
State Chairman Elkin stated that Mr.
Stone was sure to be nominated. He
taid 301 of the 362 delegates l.ave been
•leeted, and of this number he claimed
67 are for Stone. Of the 61 yet to lie
dected, he said 37 would be for Stone.
The Neutrality of Mexico.
City of Mexico, May 18.—Proclama
tions have been Issued ah over the
tountry announcing the neutrality of
Mexico between Spain and the Unite I
States, and efforts have been made to
orevent its discussion. The conduct o"
the government is frankly and encrgtt
cally impartial.
High Mexican military officials con
tinue to comment upon the advlschilit.
>f the United States landing troops in
f Juba declaring It to be sound strategy.
JOHN PHILLIPS, HERO-
How He Saved a Beleagured Frontier
Garrison.
in 1866 the Sioux, Under Their Great War
Chief, Red Cloud, Would Havo Massa
cred Iho Brave Defenders if John Phillips
Had Not Sent Relief.
A bill, couched in the dry, formal
words of a legislative proposition, was
recently introduced in Congress for
the purpose of giving a pension to the
widow of John Phillips. That may
not interest you. But back of that
bill is the story of as brave, courage
ous a deed as ever made glorious the
tecord of American manhood.
It was John Phillips who rode from
Fort Phil Kearny to Fort Laramie in
December, 18C6, and saved the latter
garrison from massacre.
On the twenty-first day of Decem
ber, 1806, Fort Phil Kearny, com
manded by Col. H. B. Carrington.
located under the shadow of the Big
Horn Mountain and over 200 miles
from the nearest telegraph line, was
the extreme outpost iu that part of
the Northwest. The savage Sioux
under Red Cloud had been hovering
in the vicinity of the post for some
time and had been seen in large num
bers on Tongue River, northwest of
the fort.
The Indians made attacks on the
wood train a few miles north of the
fort. A detachment of troops under
command of Brevet-Lieut Col. Fetter
man, including two other officers and
several men and a number of civilians,
made a dash from the fort for the
purpose of protecting the wood train.
When some four miles from the fort
they were surrounded by the Indians
in overwhelming numbers and evey
man of the detachment was killed.
Years afterward the Indians said
that the troops were only kilied after
their ammunition was exhausted.
The triumphant and bloodthirsty
Sioux were commanded by Red Cloud
and outnumbered the garrison by
twenty to one. They surrounded the
fort and an attack was hourly expect
ed.
It was well understood by the gar
rison that if the Indians were success
ful in taking the fort it meant death
for each and every one. Realizing
the terribly fate that awaited tliern
the women and children begged pile
ously to be placed in the powder
house and blown up in case of a suc
cessful attack from the Indians.
At this juncture, when brave men
felt that the only possible hope for the
garrison was in sending news of their
beleaguerment to the nearest outside
post, and not a soldier could be found
who would brave the attempt to
break through the savages and ride to
the nearest outpost, a distance of 225
nnles, John Phillips, a hardy scout
and hunter, volunteered to take des
patches to Fort Laramie. Placing a
few biscuits in his pocket, tying on
his saddle a small quantity of feed for
his mount, he quietly left the post at
midnight on the night succeeding the
massacre, and by hard riding, and es
caping many perils on the way he
succeeded in reaching Fort Laramie
five days later. The country across
which he rode was absolutely unin
habited by white men, and the ground
was covered with snow from three to
five feet in depth.
His sufferings will never be told.
The weather was exceedingly cold,
the thermometer reaching twenty de
grees below zero. When Phillips de
livered his despatches at Fort Laramie
hardy, brave frontiersman as he was,
he fell in a dead faint. Immediately
upon receipt of these despatches
troops were forwarded from Fort
Laramie, and the garrison at Fort
Phil Kearney was relieved. Foi this
remarkable act of gallantry and en
durance, which will forever place John
Phillip's name in the gallery of heroic
men, he was never in any way paid
by the general Government.
In the years immediately following
this heroic ride, John Phillips was em
ployed in various capacities at Gov
ernment posts. The Sioux had sworn
that they would be revenged upon
him. He was continually hunted and
harassed by them because he had res
cused from their grasp the garrison at
Fort Phii Kearney. He was now
broken in health by the exposure and
strain of his long and perilous ride.
One night, feeling that his end was
near, he called to his bedside his wife j
and child. Taking the hand of each, I
he pulled them nearer to him, They
hejird him faintly whisper : "1 did .
the best I could," and he was dead.
Fake Clergyman-
Rev. J. W. Connor is the name of
a clever swindler, who represents
himself as a clergyman, and who is
operating throughout this region.
He says he is stationed at North
umberland, and claims to be an
Episcopal minister, having charge
of the parish at the place. It has
been learned that the Episcopal
faith is not tepresented in that town.
He faked the business people of
Shamokin and was traced as far as
Mt. Carmel, but left the latter town
for Shenandoah, where he will at
tempt to opera.e.—Shenandoah
Herald.
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A. . A YEAR ROR—. •
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THE FAMILY MAGAZINE OF THE WORLD. It furnishes the het thoughts of the most in
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—Art, Literature, Science, Society Affairs, Fiction, Household Matters, Sports, etc, —.
single number frequently containing from 200 to 300 tine engravings, making it the MOST
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APRIL IN HISTORY.
April 19th ! Fateful month and
tateful day !
It was on April 19th, 1775, l ' lat I ' lC
blow for American independence was
struck at Lexington and the Concord
bridge, where the shot was fired that
was heard around the world.
It was on April 19th, 1898, that
America struck the blow for Cuban
independence by adopting the resolu
tion ordering Spain to abandon the
island.
Between these two events much of
the important history of the United
States has begun in the month of
April. The New York Herald has
compiled the following statistics :
April 18th, 1775, Paul Revere's
famous midnight ride.
April 19th, 1775, beginning of the
Revolution by battle at Lexington.
April nth, 1783, Congress pro
claims cessation of hostilities.
April 15th, 1783, Congress ratifies
preliminary treaty of peace with Great
Britain. i
April 4th, 181 2, Congress estab- i
lishes the embargo that begins the war
of 1812.
April 21st, 1835, Santa Anna
suffers his great defeat at San Jacinto.
April 25th, 1846, hostilities open
between the United States and
Mexico.
April 12th, 1861, War of the Re
bellion begun bv General Beauregard
firing on Fort Sumpter.
April 19th, 1861, first bloodshed of
the wgr, in conflict between United
States troops and mob at Baltimore.
April 9th, iSfis, Lee surrenders to
Grant at Appamaltox.
If history repeats itself, then we are
entering the war with Spain in a
month of peculiar interest, and we
shall win again as we always have
I won.— Philadelphia 'lnquirer.
Try Allen's Foot-Ease,
A powder to be shaken into the shoes.
At this season your feet feei swollen,
nervous and hot, and get tired easily.
If you have smarting feet or tight shoes
try Allen's Foot Ease. It cools the
feet and makes walking easy. Cures
swollen and sweating feet, b.isters and
callous spots. Relieves corns and bun
ions of all pain apd gives rest and com
fort. Try it TO DAY. Sold by all
druggists and shoe stores for 25c.
Trial package FREE. Address Allen
S. Olmsted, Le Roy, N. Y.
Ocean Telegraph Stations-
No doubt during the days of uncer
tainty tn regard to the fate of the
American liner Paris and her chances
of being captured or destroyed en
route by a Spanish war vessel the
thought occurred to many that there
ought to be someway of establishing
one or more capable telegraph stations
in midocean.
Wherever there is a break in the
ocean cable, as there has been from
time to time since submarine tele
graphs were laid, it is comparatively
easy to find the ragged ends of the
line and splice them. What is to
hinder, therefore, the anchoring of a
ship 111 midocean somewhere along
the line of the cable and making of
it a telegraph station ? Lighthouse
ships are maintained permanently in
parts of the sea more perilous so far
as danger from storm and nurricaue
goes than the open ocean.
The cable ship, close to the lanes
ol ocean travel, powerfully built, held
fast by great anchors to her place
and connected by strong insulated
1 wires with the submarine telegraph,
I would be able to give notice to both
I Europe and America of the passing of
, every vessel that came within range
; night or day. Indeed improved
| methods of telegraphing may make
the establishment of a midocean cable
1 station easily practicable.