Thursday, April 16.
COLUMBIAN,
BLOOMSBUHO.
PA
THE JIOENTGEX It AY.
THE GREATEST OF ALL MODERN
SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES.
A I ' H Expimlt Ion of I lie Wond.irful Light
That Randftr nit Material Tiling Vis
ible to Hie Chiid-i-m, I'liutoRniphliig
Through Wood.
Unprecedented is the history of an
ciont or modern science is the swiftness
with which tho discovery of William
Konrad Roentgen, a comparatively ob
scure Gorman professor of physics, lms
spread to tho four corners of tho earth.
Unprecedented, alsi, is tho unanimity
with which it lms boon taken np
thronghout tho civilized world nnd tho
extraordinary interest it has awakoned.
it is dow a little more than three
montha since Roentgen announced and
demonstrated that he had found a new
and wonderful property in certain rays
of light, and in that time experiments
have been inaugurated by hundreds of
scientific bodies and by thousand of in
dividuals. The lay as well as the scientific press
has teomed with voluminous descrip
tion, and a popular interest has been
created that has never been hitherto ob
served in the announcement of any im
portant step forward in tho realm of
scientific search and tndoavor.
And this is in the very infancy of the
discovery; in its germ condition; at a
point where the human mind is just be
ginning to grasp the multiplicity of its
groat possibilities. No such specula
tion as to future accomplishment attend
ed Watt's discovery of tho power of the
vapor from boiling water; nor the birth
of modern photography, fathered by
Daguerre; nor the invention of the mag
netic telegraph by Morse; nor tho re
cording of the human voice on the phou
ographic cylinder by Edison. All these
rilOFsOB KOEXTOEN.
wore of slow propagation.
What they might eventually become
was conservatively discussed and rea
soned out as they progressed and ini
provod, but Roentgen has in a Bhort
time flashed a new ray of light around
the earth, and has li ;hted up a pathway
so far ahead that its termination cannot
bo conceived by the prtsent generation.
Nevertheless, the speculation as to pos
sibilities even at this early day is start
ling. What Prof. Roentgen has found to
be possible to bagin at tho beginning
is the "photograp' y of tho invisible,"
and it isn't so much how ho does it or
how he tells others to do it as it is what
may be accomplished in the future from
this discovery.
The operation itself is not at all com
plicated. The principal is tho employ
ment of a current of electricity dis
charged through a highly rarefied at
mosphere, so highly rarefied indeed that
it is the nearest approach that can be
made to a perfect vacuum.
This is secured in what are known as
Crookes tubes glass bulbs in which
the atmospheric air has been exhausted,
and containing the positive and nega
tive poles of a battery. The current is
obtained from a large induction coil.
The discharge creates certain rays of
light in the tube, one of which is called
the cathode or X rays the algebraic
appellation of an unknown quantity,
FHOTOQRAPMNO THE HAND.
and used for convenience sake. It has
a singularly penetr vtive power and is
invisible in the dayl.ght. In a darken
ed room it can be seen to shine through
a book of a thousand pages, to light np
two packs of cards hold together and to
penetrate an inch of solid wood. All
those substances lose their opacity un
der the X rays.
When a picture is to be taken of in
visible objects, say the bono of a hand,
a Crookes tube is suspended about six
inches over the baud. Beneath 'the
tube is a lead diagram with a hole in it,
through which the rays shoot. Undor
the diaphragm the hand of the subject
is placed on a sensitive photographic
plato, the plate being first wr vpped in
heavy paper to keep out the ordinary
light. Both it and the hand are then
covorod with a black cloth. The currant
is turned on and kept on from 85 min
utes to an hour und a half. The long
er the ex posure ttie better the result will
bo.
After it is believed that sufficient ex
posure has neon made the plate is taken
to tho dark room and developed in the
regular way. The print is then made,
and i everything has been properly
douo it will be found that the image of
tho hand, in slightly dim shadow, bus
boon projected on the plate, through the i
cloth, the paper, and the black card
board plato cover, which may be uuod
if desired. Tho hand id outlined in
aadow, but the bone. within itax i
Stiff1
imulo more clearly visl'idfi than the
flesh.
If an envelope containing several fl.it
snbstanees like n key, ring or coin, be
placed over a sensitive plate nnd expos
ed to the X rays for twenty minutes, the
imago of the invisible ni l id cs will bo
very distinct. lyey nnd coin will be
sharply outlined. I'aper appears to of
fer the least resistance to the rays.
As hi ion as Roentgen's cn:nmunication
to tho Wuraburg Society was given to
tho world, exjierinmuling b g 111 every
where. The now radient cu-.-rgy became
th subject of discussion among tho an
atomists nnd Mirg'oas nil over the
world. It was contended that if tho X
rays could picture the bones in part of
tho human mganlsm, ticy could dis
close a malformation or lc.-ion of those
Ikhics.
If the rays could pw-io'ra. tin i'.esh
of tho hand, they mi.is'nt peuetr ito the
flesh of the chest and i over the ex
act location and uxt"nt of dis'-as-.-d lung
colli); they might tin:.! u tumor in the
stomach where none was s vied, they
might determine the certain existence
WW.
T
ft..
k-xt
:;'
.-:.
5 J-.:- it
'V
V-f-tih in
TAKEN TIIKOUOII AN' INCH IlOAHIi
T11UEK .MI.NTTUS EXPOSUUK.
or ubsenco of uppordicitis ; tho location
of a bullet in muscular tissue or in the
osseous structure, tho determination of
' a dislocation, tho precise seat of adhe
sion in pleurisy, tho discovery of a brain
i lesion in fact, it is hoped and expected
j from tho present outlook that the ca
. thodo ray will some day become the
' groat search light in surgery, the great
! diagnostician, as exict an 1 as irrefuta
ble as a mathematical axiom.
If the penetrative quality of this mys
terious property bo still further devel
oped the possibilities in other directions
' are well nigh limitless. The internal
1 secrets of all structural work will be
laid bare with its employment as a de
tector of faults.
Nothing invisible in the concroto
world can escape after it has been
brought to the zeni'h of perfection.
Cuught a Wliulc in Ills NX.
The sharks drive a hump-backed
whale into tho nets set by W. D. Qori,
-V. D. Gori.
giving him
When they
of Capitola, 'recently, after g
! a merry chase for his life.
I got the whale tied up they left him and
i went off to seek oth r prey.
I Uori eamo down to his nets in the
. morning and found, instead of the bass
lor which lie had tet his nets, the whale,
. for which ho had no particular use. It
1 was a question of saving his nets, lie
i and his men found the hump back a
j tough fellow to der.l with, and finally
had to resort to dynamite, which was
j driven into him with a pointed gas-
pipe-
1 The huge fish, wl ich was over forty
' feet long, droppo 1 immediately to the
bottom of tho bay as soon as the explo
sion occurred, canying tho net with
him. The seine was worth about one
hundred dollars, and the oil to be se
cured will not cover half the cost.
San Fraucisco Examiner.
Saw the C ln:ipeulio unit Sliunnun F'luht.
William Endicott, of Beverly, Mass.,
who hai just celubratod his !)7th birth
day, and is in enjoy nent of good health
is the nearest direct desceudent of Gov
ernor John Eudieot';.
He was an eye witness of the battle
between the Chesa cake and the Shan
non during the Wcr of 1812. and after
the fight ho attended the funeral of
Lawrence and Ludlow, who were killed
in that conflict.
UP HILL AND DOWN.
"Land Bakes, it's Just ft toy to rldo.
Sort of a winded tolmKwui kIIUu.
Learn? Why, lie tiikes mo lor a fool
With Ula volylecknlc riulu' acliuol.
"Tl a' was nn earthquake, can't feul Bit,
That UIHi-il iiim over beside tilts tr e.
Ami a estern cyolono bent my nose
Aud liyvud tho Utuuw ftU out of iny olothes.
Uuw York Herald. ,
i
-pi . -:
GETTING READY FOR SUMMER.
. t linptir nn Similiter fcllkn, Slilrt M'nUts j
mil Washable Mitlrrlnls.
rliliKhcil ly s lnl nrrnnireincnt with tlie
New Viirk Sun.
The variety in washing materials
must bo seen to be appreciated, for it
surpasses anything over shown hero bo
fore. The new pique are much finer
and more pliablo than the old-fashioned
fabric of this kind, and they come in
tiny stripes and figures of satin finish
in all the light and dark shades of every
fashionable color, and with open work
embroidered patterns scattered here
nnd there. Tho fancy cotton crepes
and crepons are very pretty. "Wash-ing-poplin"
is mentioned in tho foroign
fashion notes as oi.b of our new mate
rials. White lawns with a narrow stripe
of black, dainty flowers between, and
tinypinhead dotsof black all over them,
make pretty summer gowns, and they
are very cheap. Chusau taffets, which
is a cotton material with a printed warp,
looks much like fine gingham, comes in
patterns which resemble silk, and costs
about twenty cunts a yard.
Mam
mm
The colors which seom to head the
list this season are blue in all its vary
ing shades, especially turquoise, green,
and brown, but there is such a medley
of color in tho chameleon silks and rib
bons which shades so differently in dif
ferent lights that all the colors of tho
rainbow seem to bo blended together in
one indescribable changing tint.
The close coat sleeve is still promised
for the near future, but all stylos and
sizes of puffs are offered as a sort of
compromise between the large and the
small, to win the way for tho one which
is not contemplated with uny pleasure
by the majority of women.
I ''tfhtg
fJl'4h'X"
LJ-f
The shirt waist is mado with a nar
row pointed yoke in the back, and with
or without a yoke in front, and the col
lar and cuffs may ba of tho sume ma
terial or of white linen. Dimities,
lawns, und batistes, plain, striped, and
patterned all over in Persian designs,
make the daintiest shirt waists, and
these usually have n soft turn- back cuff
of the same, and either a white linen
collar or a colored satin stock with a
white piping sot in the edges and a nar
row satin tie to match is tied around
the neck over this. Bleeves of those
thin waists sometimes are tuckedjin one
cluster at the top, or in two, one being
well down toward the waist. Swivel
silks, ginghams, and the, heavier cotton
cheviots are also mado up into theso
waists, but tho batistes seem to bo the
favorites this season. The light colors
look pretty with white muslin collars
and cuffs trimmod with lace, and ecru
batiste waists are trimmed up and down
or across with innumerable frills of
narrow Valenciennes lace. Another
stylo has a yoke of ecru embroidery,
with a frill of embroidery around the
edge. Very handsome ure the dottt-d
Swiss muslin waists, lined with silk
and trimmed elaborately with lace and
ribbon. Theso usually have elbow
sleeves and a wide collar of inutiliu with,
yellow lice on the edge.
M.-i I B I If f II fli t
mm
mi
i
i
I
V y TXoS ;?T
WW
Mm
.'MMER CABIN.
ri.iin
- nml a
IVinillivo
folly Itemlniln
Time.
""PjriKtii 1)' 'o-Op'-rntors Building P'.nr
A-- M"littl(in, N. V.
A club of m n cauipiiig in the wo--l.
might ensiiv vnsify their sport-. 'iy
building with t'lidr own hands a c.ibi'i
like that i'lns'rating this article. About
all that would neeil to be purchased in
tho way of materials would be a wagon
load of flooring, a few sashes, a keg of
nails, a pair of strap hinges, one pound
of rope, a small pulley, canvas for doors,
p. stovepipe and a barrel of cement. The
cement may bo omitted if good, stiff
clay is availnhbt. A few axes, a saw, a
hammer, a trowel nnd a shovel would
bo all the tools required.
It tho club'! resort bo far from the
haunts of men. they may put in prac
tice squatter sovereignly, but it wo'-.'d
bo wiser to got permission to uso the
laud.
. vt i
Following will be found a brief de
scription ;
General Dimensions Wilth, not in
eluding projections of chimney, 43 fott;
depth, including veranda and not in
cluding cook shed, 87 feet (J inches.
Heights of Stories First story, 8 feet
flinches; second story to ridge, 11 f"et;
at side walls, 1 feet.
Exterior Materials Foundation, large
stones and logs; all walls and gables,
logs. Joints to be filled with clay.
Roofs made of baric, laid like Spam- i
tiling and iiii':eu with one nail to each
piece under b p.
Interior Fiuish itooins und vcr.mda
floored with spruce. Interior walls left
with logs show ing. Htone fireplace und
chimney laid i:i clay.
Accommodations All rooms and their
sizes shown by floor plans. Attic floored
and well ventilated. Largo openings
from sleeping room and living room t
havo canvas cc.r ains hung at top and
arranged with flip strings to shut so-
curely. Bleeping room to have fonr
bunks at end, as shown on plans. In
caso ladies are in tho party they 'conld
sleep in this room, the men sleeping in
t'ao attic, or, reversing tho arrange
ment, give the ladies the attic, where
thoy would probably feel more secure.
Accoss to tho at tic room from open din
ing room by a cuttle and steps. Steps
arrangod with rope and pulley to swing
up against ceiling of first story when
not in use. In case window frames
cannot bo procured conveniently, tho
j window openings may be covered with
canvas. Passage between open dining
room and cook shed to be uncovered.
Stovopipe hole and pipe at rear of cook
shed us shown on plan. When cabin is
not tenanted all opening! to be boarded
up.
A Dmmntlo Iucldnnt.
The coming of Robert Ililliard to th i
city, where ho fills an engagement the
coming week, recalls a very amusing in
cident which occurred several years ago
at tho Park Theatre whero Mr. B.ulia;d
wa filling a professional date.
' Uis little san. then about three years .
old, was in a box viewing tho perform- j
ance. During tho play Mr. Ililliard vas
required to make a daring jump from
the second story window to the (stiigo) j
street below. The dark faced, elonch
hat man in tho play had spoken his
threatening lino:
"Jump, I say, or, by tho 'tarnal, I'll
brain ye as I would a dog."
The hero x:.- about to go wbeu t'w
excitement b.. u ne too great for tho ht
Ui follow in tho box. Jumping up ami
running to tho front rail of the box, ho
shouted, so that his shrill little voice
could be heard throughout tho auditor
ium: "Don't do it, papa. Oo'll hurt oo'
self." Mr. Ililliard was broken up for the en
tire act. Boston Transcript.
Murk Twuln'a Latitat.
Mark Twain has become so used to
Eastern customs that he says ho cannot
avoid slamming a door at present.
A
or i..
r
if., mA
. , Optn PAS&fcC, I
J l
, .J .
i Optfv AflC 1
I
A NEW GOVERNOR.
THE LATE GOV. CREENHALCE'S SUC
CESSOR IN THE BAY STATE.
No Jlaiiilniiiiinr and No lli lli r Drrmeil
Man In .Miiiii-hiiMf t. Nut nil Orator
or llimilHlinki-r, but a ( U'ur Di lmtrr
nml A Oond CHmpalRiier.
Roger Wolcott, tho acting Governor
of Massachusetts, is a Boston man, the
son of the late Lieut. J. Huntington
Wolcott. IIo comes from a family ovi
old ns New England itself, closely iden
tiflod with the early history of the colo
nies, and conspicuous in the colonial
and revolutionary wars.
Mr. Wolcott is the fourth Governor
in hfs family, the other three having
achieved success in Connecticut. 'He
was born on July IS, 1847. His hair is
prematurely silvered, but in constitu
tion and deportment he is a much
younger man than the dato of his birth
would indicate Six feet in height and
of athletic frame, he h pointed out on
tho streets of Boston many times a week
as a person of striking appearance by
luon who do not know him. Always a
stadent and a clcse reader, he was
known among the s' udents of Harvard
aa a young man of considerable literary
attainments. He was orator of his
class, which was utriduated in 1S70.
After leaving Harvard Mr. Wolcott
bent all his enorgi -r to the f-tudy of
law. lie was admitted to the bar. but
liko his close friend, Henry Cabot
Lodge, never practiced, all his time be
ing occupied by hi i many affairs and
his duties as trustee of several largo es
tato.-t. His office is on tho sixth floor of
tho Exchange Building in State street.
Ibi has oeeuphd thre one large room,
rather bare and lonely looking. His in
clinations pointed toward politics, but
his extreme modesty loug kopt him in
tho background.
Nature seemed to have fitted him for
a high place, but politicians hereabout
always maintained that he required
somebody behind him to do tho push
ing, lie was not aggressive enough,
but everybody admitted that he pos
sessed most of the other essential re
quirements. f'l
f?.v'w'A
Ait mm
1 i'-'i:.''i
IU1
KOOER WCLCOTT.
j Mr. Wolcott was started on his po
litical career in 1877, when he was sent
to the Common Council, whero he re
mained until 1S7S).
' In 1882 ho was elected to the lower
branch of the Legislature, and he was
I re-elected in 13 and 1884. While in
i tho Common Council und the Legisla
ture Mr. Wolcott was regarded as a
hard-working, conscientious man. He
i was not conspicuous in polities from
j 1884 to 1800, but he gave his friends a
! tremendous sutprie when President
: Cleveland came into tho field. For a
i tiino ha was a Mugwump. He spoke
and voted against J lines G. Blaine, and
with Richard H. Dana practically defied
tho old-line Republicans.
In 1885 Mr. Wolcott und Richard H.
Dana were sent to Springfield as dele
gates to the State I.epublican Conven
tion. In 1891 he w".s chosen President
of tho Republican Club, and in 1892 he
was eloctod Lieutenant Governor of the
State. The lion. William E. Russell
was Governor.
Mr. Wolcott held second place from
that time until Gov. Grejnhalge's
death. Four years ago, when there
was talk of running him for Governor,
ho wrote :
"My attitude towird the nomination
is this : That in wl it seems to me the
wholly improbable event of the Repub
licans of the State wishing to place me
in nomination, I s'lould consider it a
wholly uudeserved compliment and
honor, and should not decline, but I do
hot sook thenomina ion, and if it should
go olsowhere, as I think it will, it would
bo to mo personally a relief rathor than
a disappointment."
Mr. Wolcott will be tho logical can
didate of the Rcput'icans next fall, but
tho American Protc ;ive Society, headed
by Congressman Rising Sun Morse,
want his political scalp, and will try to
got it.
Nut a Now WouiHii.
They were discussing politics, and
thero had been a noticeable lack of log
io in any of her remarks aud argu
ments. At last ho said with a little
laugh:
"I don't believe you can give me a
single good reason for your being a
Democrat."
'Are you willing to make a bet on it?"
she asked.
"I am," was the reply. "If you can
do it you have two pounds of marrow
glacos, to-morrow."
"Well, then," sho said, with a merry
twinkle in her eye. "I am a Democrut
bocause my father is."
She got the bonbons. New York
Journal.
Au limtmiue.
"Morul courage," said the teacher, "is
' tho courage that makes a boy do what
ho thinks is right regardless of tho jeers
of his companions."
I "Then," said Willie, "if a feller has
candy und eats it all hissolf und isu't
afruid of the other fullers calliu' him
stingy, is that moral courage?" Cin
j ciunati Enquirer.
JJ?
-4T JLmLil
A REAL AMERICAN TRILBY.
Mm. Onae Can Slnif Only I'mlnr Hypnotic
Infliicnun, but mU Nn Nvi-nitll.
There is a real Trilby in Now York
City a woman of wealth and promi
nence, who, like Du Manner's heroine,
cannot ordinarily sing at all, but whose
pure vocal notes and marvelous per
formances on tho piano charm all who
hear them whon sho is under the influ
ence of a hypnotic spell. She is Mrs.
Addie B"Iden Gage, who lives with her
husband at the fashionable Hotel Em
pire, Fifty-fourth Street nnd Columbus
Avenue. Her strange case has boon '
tho marvel of her friends, as, indeed, it
has been of herself, for years. It dif
fers from that of Trilby in that Mrs.
Gago has no Svrngali tho influence
comes on, apparently, of itself. No one
suggests it. Mrs. Gage feels no ill
ffocts. Of what occurs during the
presence of tho influence she is ignor
ant. She has never heard herself sing.
mmm
.M,
V
W0-
MRS. AHDIE BEI.DKV OAOK.
Sho sits at the piano with tightly
closed eyeltds, a strangely white, in
tense, rapt expression on her face. while
her hands seem to be stiffened and to
fall without being in the least under the
control of tho player. The singer wan
dors from Gounod to Meyerbeer, from
Verdi to Wagner, then to simpler melo
dies, and finally to '"Homo, Sweet
Home."
Mrs. Gage positively asserts that it is
not her own voice; sho declares that it
is the spirit of a great actress and a
singer, long since dead, who seeks as
tral embodiment, and gives vent to its
pent-up being, through tho medium of
her person and throat. Somo thirty
years ago Mrs. Addio Bolden Gago was
born in Rochester, N. Y.. of a fiaa old
aristocratic family. New York Journal.
THE SEWING SCREEN.
K. Cseful anit Ilurnrntlve Addition to
lIouKihold Impediments.
A delightfully decorative and useful
note in my kidy's morning room, or a
cozy setting for the corner of her bed
room, is the sewing screen, a gracious
little affair combining alb tho comforts
of thread basket, pincushion, needle
case, work bag, cf;tch-all, and table.
One such screen, which graces the bed
room corner of the home of a busy little
housewife, is fashioned of yellow denim
and a delicately flowered yellow silk,
and can be very easily carried out in
any color by a pair of clover hands.
Tho framework, which consists of two
leaves eighteen inches wide, is about
three feet high and is covered from the
nutsido and fastened on the inside cor
ners with fancy gilt nails. Each leaf
is dividod into three parts, the upper
and lower given over to pockets made
of tho silk, A needle case covered with
silk and- a pincushion of yellow plush
hang from the top of each leaf, re
spectively. Two flut pieces of paste
board covered with the silk fall against
tho middle division of each leaf, one
being hold by ribbons to form a wide
pocket, the other standing for a small
shelf or table when caught by ribbons
to two fancy-headed nails on either side
of tho screen above. Nothing so con
venient was ever put into so small a
space before, according to tho owner of
this housewifely joy. For it is a joy,
she will toll you. Here is always the
very thread and needle one wants at
her very hand. Here is room for one's
work of various kinds. The table, pin
cushion, scrapbasket, and scissors, which
hang at the side, are ever ready, und all
practical things considered, this home
keeping attachment has the merit be
side of being a thing of beauty.
The Lurg-oiit Kvcr lluilt.
The largest schooner ever built on
the Atlantic coast has boon constructed
at Bath, Me. She is a four-master and
has been named the William B. Palmer.
Her dimensions are: Length, 257 feet;
breadth, 42 feet; depth, 20 feet, and
gross tonnage, 1,805.73. The largest
schooner previously built is the Gov.
Amos, which is of only 27 tons less than
the new vessel. Each of Palmer's lower
masts is 1 10 f tot long, or one foot longer
than those of tho Gov. Ames.
Died ut ViV Visum.
Hiram Lester, who died at the poor .
farm in Henry County, Ga., not lorn;
ago, was said to bo 121) years old. A sou
of his living in the same poorhouse is 9o
years old, and a daughter, who lives iu
Heard County, u 05 years old.
r.- ' n. .9',
f f
i
1 ;
;
' i
t'rl