k f THE COLUMBIAN. Ttntfliwl at the Post Office at Hloomsburg, ?a M aeoond clans mat ter, March 1, ihhh. BLOOMSBURG, FA. FRIDAY, MAY 12, 1893. IPS OFF TO THE FAIR; if THE GREAT BUILDING USED FOR THE DEDICATORUEREMONIES. j I THI MOST GLORIOUS SUCCESS. 1. Four hundred years after the day ori which Columbus first saw land in the 'i I New World to wit, on Oct. at, 1892 t at least 125,000 people assembled j in the great hall of the Manufactures f jnd Liberal Arts building at Chicago j ! nd the imposing ceremonies of nati I ( onal and official dedication took place. Hit was indeed a memorable day, the " j proudest in the history of Chicago. It !,j 'was preceded by an introductory day ) 'Of street parades and followed by a jday of festivities and rejoicing. j1' The audience itselt was historic, ii' President and cabinet, members of the supreme court and of both houses of j'i congress, governors, orators, generils j and statesmen, distinguished foreigners S of various ranks and eminent men ,' jand women of our own land were the ',. ' Central figures. In the audience were ;? people of almost every race on earth, especially from our own 3,500,000 fi square miles of territory. There was l' indeed a union of states, hearts and y hands, an ideally perfect representation I i .of the greatest republic, the greatest ''(jingle nation the world has ever seen. 1,1 j The orators of the occasion the t genial Chauncey M. Depcw to deliver j IJie Columbian oration, the venerable I jiiid eloquent William C. 1. Drerken t Tidge, of Kentucky, to give the dedica- rt ' t.. . : . . - . u .. . 1. . .: 1 , : J jpf th nation in which his own family t has held so distinguished a place for more than a century. Poetry will lend 5. :ts, aid, music of the grandest sort 0 enlivened the occasion, and art in its lighest development added its inefla jle charm. The rendition of appro priate selections from Haydn, Handel J.nd Beethoven by masters in 'heir art, the songs for the occasion r ere most, niung, ana tne cnorus con ( fisted of a galaxy of noted artists. 1. Ail tnis was but preliminary, how ever, to the actual opening of the fair, which took place on Monday. UAiy 1, 1893. The president of-the Jnited States pressed an electric but m which started up the biir engines v -'Machinery Hall, and the Fair was y, thing of the present. There are vcr 400 buildings in the Park, all be Jnging to the World's Fair, many of hem being erected by the different tates and by foreign nations. We :iall give illustrated sketches of the air from time to time as it progresses. MANUFACTURES J The building for the department of Manufactures and Liberal Arts is the nrest in the world, and yet hurulouy hd beauty have not been sacrificed to tea, lor the architect, Mr. George B. ast, has succeeded in combining tho I" ree so as to produce tho finest effects f grandeur. It will bo tho feature of ii exposition, as the Eiffel tower was f that at Paris in 1 889. Tho bare state ment of the 'geometrical andcommer- u r m -mvw vawuB . ,n u ,a lit lilt- ) 1 rial construction. One must travel thin a few rods of a mile to go around It covers 80 J acres, tho orea of any a valuable Isew England farm, ijd including galleries has forty-four res 01 noor area. To cover that floor i tth average carpet would cost $201,849, f d putting down the carpet would cost ; 3,000. 'One million' men could. stand on the , or space with ease, and 800,000 could i I seated. The Roman Coliseum when k jwded held but 80.000. Under tho of 1,000 cottages, 25 by 50 feet each, old be placed, and the area equals it of four averago city blocks. There jt ,uw,uov ieei oi iumner in mo noor, A 1 Jl,. I ... u miv wuunu ui uniia woia 14buu ii. (tening it down. ' In the entire strue jre are 17,000,000 feet of lumber, 12,. i,000 pounds of steel and 2,000,000 lands of iron, the metal aggregating tic as much as was used in 4ho lirook t bridge. There are eleven nores of 'light, in which are forty carloads of twleea glass. No man need hope to re 'to the graudeur of such a building at view. Like Niagara and Yosemiie, stuns tho imagination and must bo f.died for manv davs. - f j"he building in a rectangle, 1,037 feet j ;.g and 787 feet wide, fronting the with only lawns and promenades J Iween. At each corner of the main ft tiding are pavilions forming great r ?hed entrances, which are designed in i pnony with the great portals. Tho ? exiors of these pavilions aro richly kwated with sculpture and rurul ;i, Ratings. The long facades of the grout .jj ,1 surrounding the building are com i dof a series of arches filled with t pease glass windows. The lower tion of these arches, ud to the level ; :ixt gallery floor and 5 feet in depth, ( 1 w, .una imuuiij g f .-J t 1 1il I tuggm, wuiuu (oruis an open Jmenade for the public, and will pro ' ! very interesting feature, particu- t t on the east side, whore it faces the ""ry.- BIRDSEYB VIEW OF TUB EXPOSITION GROUNDS. lake. 11 a imeuucd to locate here a number of cafes, where the great crowds can loiter ct their ease and enjoy the breezes and cool shadows of the after noon. Within the building a gallery CO feet wido extends around all four sides, mid projecting from this are 86 smaller galleries 13 feet wide, from which visitors may survey the vast array of exhibits and the busy scene be low. The gHllerles lire approached upon the main floor by SO great staircases, the flights of which are 12 feet wide each. Columbia avenue, SO feet wide, extends through the mammoth building longitudinally, and an avenue of like width crosses ,it at right angles at ths center. PAROK OP STATE. In the center of the building is the enormous hall, 1,275 feet 10 inches long Ly U80 feet wide, free from columns, and covered by a roof formed by great steel trusses, which rise to a height of 210 feet abovo the floor. This spate is lighted by clearstory windows and by tho skylight nrea of the roof covering. Around this hall, inclosing it on every side, is tho exterior building, over 200 feet wido. This consists of a middle nave, 107 feet 0 inches wide and 115 feet high, with an aislo on each side. The aisle next tho main hall is 52 feet 8 inches wide, and tho aislo on the outer side of the building 40 foot. wido. Each aisle has a gallery floor, 25 feet above tho main floor. Tho proportion of sky light to roof is CO per cent., and it is in- MUrfiiinllllhBi BUILDING. tendeTl in this, ann in all ttio'nToTiJ . buildings, to put curtains under the skylights so as to screen the interior I from the sun during very hot weather. Ventilation is provided for by louvres in tho sides of tho clearstory roof. Last, but far from least, and perhaps most wonderful in tho way of architec tural success, are the acoustics, which are claimed to be so good that every per son iu the hall will bo ablo to hear the orators. Tho total cost of the building is put at $1,500,000.' Of the wonders of the roof of tensilo 6teel and glass and the great supporting trusses there is not space to treat. Such is the wonderful building iu which the dedication cere monies are to be held. ' WOMAN'S SPLENDID WORK. It is a matter of pride as well as con gratulation that although work on tho exposition wus begun at leust a year too late, yet such energy und ability has been shown that the most imjiortant buildings will be complete even by thw day of dedication and every one before the day of formal opening. It is matter of especial gratification that the Wom an's ImiMing is so far completed and that tho board of lndy managers have alroudy done so much to mako their part of tho exposition ouo of its most attruo tivo features. Tlio ladies board was informod, in re spouse to its invitation to the women of China to purtieipato in tho exposition, that China would be glad to muke a fine exhibit if the wives of some of the BTATPB 09 AUT. I Ait wwuin tho atullur.1 lllff prominent man be alloweTto aucouipaiiy the exhibit, in order to study American civilization. Mrs. Palmer went to work at once upon this point, and has just received from the acting secretary of state at Washington a copy of a joint resolution of congress, making provision for the interest of Chinese exhibitors and their Chlneeo agents. Unusual pains will be taken to secure a full dis play of everything Chinese which is of special interest to women, and though little can be expected in tho line of pro ductions by Chinooe women, yet that little will be of great interest. This, however, is at best but a matter of curionity; the work of American women will make an exposition in itself. It appears that 284 inventions have been patented by tho women of Illinois alone, and descriptions, drawings and, so fur as possible, models of these will be shown in the Illinois building. As an instance, Mrs. M. A. Bawloy, of Dixon, has ob tained a patent on a very ingenious de vice for ridding poultry of parasites. The little machine is so simple that the chief of tho patent office said, "I wonder it was not invented long ago," and yet it is so complete and practical that all raisers of ioultry find it invaluable. The ludy managers are sometimes put tied to know how to classify or exhibit their many Unusual discoveries in tho lino of woman's work. For example, a South Curolina girl has been found who runs the engine for her father's cotton mill. A South Bond (Ind.) woman wihoa to make an American table a foature of tho World's fair. The suggestion is to have tho table itself, its linen, its ap pointments and food wholly of Ameri can production. Another gratifying surprise is the great number of curious old relics, lino pieces of lace and embroidery, rare old china and articles of similar interest owned by ladies in various parts of the country. About many of those mentioned and offered for exhibition there is sometimes a touch of the humorous, the poetic or the patriotic. For instance, one woman in Indiana has in her possession a Conti nental bill for ten dollars which Senator Wade Hampton's grandfather, an officer In the patriot army, paid to the lady's great-grandmother for some household work. Time and associations have mode it worth more than its face in gold. Similarly a New York woman offers for exhibition a piece of Kensington em broidery executed by her great-grandmother at an art school in England in 1780. It is a hunting scene and is framed behind glass. Miss Jennie Ryerson, immortalized by Heleu Hunt Jackson's sketch of lier as "The Little Lace Peddler," is collecting an exhibit of the "drawu work" of the Indian and Spunhiu women of the Pa cific coast, and has already secured a marvelous variety. Mrs. Albright, lady manager for Now Mexico, has been placed by the territorial bourd in com plete charge of tlw woman's work from that territory. The designing, arrange ments and ornamentation of the interior of the Wisconsin building are entirely tho work of Wisconsin women artists. And, finally, Miss It. Barrett, of On tario, has been appointed by the Cana- amn authorities to collect the first sped- u"5"8 OI women s worn m me uotmniun auu ur'u"B" uiem tor mo exposition. Another extremely interesting feature. connected as yet with the woman's de partment, is a general presentment of the condition of tho Indian tribes. Miss Sickels Is now at Washington working, assisted to some extent by Mrs. Wane- 3 BHiiiOjj THE WOMAN'S BUILDING. maker, to get as large an exhibit as km. siblo. With this will be connected a sort of Indian congress, of which Mir a Sickels says 1 "In order that a full, rep resentative congress may bo secured, a committee hua been selected fur the pur pose of effectively facilitating the means by which the Indians may most ably represent themselves. This committee is composed of men and women connect ed with the different phases of the rela tions between the races philanthropic. official (cWil and military), scientific and literary, and is assisted by an advisory council of disinterested people residing in various parts of the United States. British America and Alaska." THE MAGNIFICENT ART QISPLAY. When the directors got fairly .to work and it was indeed late in the day there was many a prophet of failure. From many persons were heard such ex pressions as "They cau't do ft in time. It's Impossible." But they have done it, even in advance of the time in many in stances. Most of tho wain buildings are so near done that even now the visitor can realise their fitness, and In no cosh more than in that of the Fine Arts build ing. It is an admirable type of the re fined classical architecture of Grecian Ionic design, and in the fewest possible words iJs thus described: Dimensions, by 60U ttwk Iyvo unuexea, eacn 12U by 200 feet. Total floor area, S.l acres. Total wall area for picture hanging, 145,853 square feet. The nave and tran sept which intersect the building north, south, eat and west are 100 feet wide by 70 feet high, Height of dome, 125 feet. Diameter of dome, 60 feet. Cost of building, 870,000. Architect, P. D. Atwood, designer in chief of the con struction department of the exposition. Material 18,000,000 brick, 1,859,000 pounds of structural iron, 8,000,000 feet of lumber. This building is necessarily fireproof, although the construction is designed to be temporary. The walls are brick; the roof, floors and galleries are of iron. It stands in the northern part of the park, the south front facing the lugoou. The main building is entered by four great portals, richly ornamented with architectural sculpture. Galleries forty feet in width extend entirely around the place, constituting a continuous prome nade. The adjacent grounds are thick set with artistic figures, and above all on the summit of the dome is the colos sal figure of Winged Victory. The frieze of the exterior walls and the pedi ments of the principal entrances are or namented with sculptures and portraits in bas-relief of old ancient artists, the TYPICAL OF LNDOSTUY. whole presenting an effect which only an artist both in words and sculpture could describe. It is indeed an art pal ace and all its surroundings are in keep ing. In addition to the adornments special to each building there are scattered through the park and in the main halls forty-eight sculptural groups and 108 distinct figures, all of heroic size and the work of the sculptors Daniel C. French, Rohl-Smitli, Martiny, Bitter, John. Boylo, LaradoTaft, Robert Kraua, M. A. Waagen and Miss Rideout. These figures and groups are placed as follows: Franklin in Electricity building: Repub lic in tlio Basin; Horticulture building, ten figures; Transportation building, sixteen figures and eight groups; Ad ministration building, thirty-Bix figures and twenty groups; Machinery hull, fif teen figures (these aro duplicated severul Umos); Agricultural building, six groups; Manufactures building, sixteen sculptural eagles sixteen feet high and twenty-one feet across the wings. There aso two cattle groups in the colonnade between the Agriculture and Machinery buildings. Several of these figures and groups de serve more description than can be given here, and those completed, as well as the designs for those yet in making, have received the highest praise. Among them are Sculptor Mead's larce trroun on the Agricultural building and his minor tr groups; the groups representing In lustry, Commerce and . Abundance; the statue 0 Franklin and the stutue of the Republic. The Franklin, by Rohl-Smith, is -sixteen feet high, cost 3,000, and stands, in the main entrance of the Elec tricity' building.; The .Republic, by Daniel C. French, is sixty feet high and stands on a jwdestal forty feet high at the entruuee to the Basin from Lake Michigan. The cost of the statue when completed will be $25,000. The lady Bculptor, Miss Rideout, is making the free groups which will adorn the plinths on top of the Woman's building. Mr. Bitter has nearly com pleted the nine large grom for the Ad ministration building. The : famous 'Signsof the Zodiac" are now in the cast and will soon be in pluce. In the great palace of art the space is assigned to the nations as follows: The United States, 84,080 square feet; France, 83, 899; Ueruiauy, 80.U00; Great Britain, 80,805; Italy, 12,410; Belgium, 12,818; Austria, 11,604; Holland, 9,887; Norway, 3,402; Spain. 7,807; Russia, 7.725; Swe den, 7.005; Denmark, 8,900; Japan, 8,010; Canuda, 2,895; Mexico, 1,500. Special efforts are being employed to bring to light the work of America's earliest artists, such as Copley, Stuart, Allston, Sargent, West, Alexander, New ton, Peale, Cheater, Harding, Trum bull, Leslie Morse, Elliott and others. BTAT0E OF COMMERCE. 'Uiese are, West and Trnmnuii excepted, known but little abroad, and even in the United States they are not getierully appreciated as they deserve The French and American sections will be connected by a gallery in which tho finest French paintings owned in this country, loaned for the purpose, will 1 exhibited. The American paintings will be so arranged so to afford a retrospective exhibition from the Colonial period to tho present. HOW THE WORK HAS PROGRESSED. When the first move wus mode 1C0 men were in charge of tho Columbian exposition 115 for the government and 45 for all others. It is scarcely necessary to add that little or nothing was done for imito awhile and a great deal of valuable time was wasted. This large body concentrated itself, so to speak, about one-half, and a beginning was mode. Later the number was re duced to eight on u side, und finally most of the responsibility was devolved on four, with the energetic II. N. Higin bothum at their head, and then work went forward with a hum. Tho buildings are practically com plete. The last of the iron work on tho great Machinery hull wus placed early in September, and the principal carpen try work is in finishing the. two spires. The exterior covering is nearly all fin ished on the north front of the main FRONT VIEW OF building. The annex is practically fin ished exteriorly and is being lathed. The final estimate of the Edgemoor Bridge company for tho steel work on the Man ufactures building shows that in the roof of tho central hall there have been placed 12,008,775 pounds of Bteel. cost ing $520,259.77. .The example has stimulated the men in charge of the state buildings, and every one will be completed in good time. The visitors present on the first day will look 011 a completed exposition. When the electric circuit is closed which shall start the ponderous machin ery going, it will be so far as possible a show complete and entire. The state buildings now inclosed and roofed, with the rough work done and interior finish ing progressing, are Illinois, Kansas, West Virginia, Rhode Island, Massa chusetts. Connecticut, New Hampshire. Iowa, Maine, Arkansas, Indiana, Ohio Pennsylvania, Nebraska, Montana, Ma ryland and Delaware. Seventy buildings are now in pro cess of construction on the exposition grounds, as follows: Main exposition buildings Administration, Agriculture and annex, Dairy, Electricity, Fisheries Forestry, Fine Arts and annexes, llorti culture, Manufactures, Mines, Machin ery, Transportation and auuex, Woman's thirteen. Minor exposition buildings Battle ship, boiler house, casiuo, cleansing works, cold storage house, colonuade freight sheds (three), fuel, oil tanks! greenhouse, Hyde Park police station, life saving station, music hall, office of grounds and buildings, peristyle, photo graphio building, pumphouse, Wood lawn police station seventeen. The state and foreign buildings num ber twenty-eight, and the concession or special buildings are: Baker's cocoa German village, Libby glass works. Moorish palace, New England clam bake, uatatorlum, panorama of Burmese Alps, panorama of the volcano of Kil auea, Puck, sliding railway. White Star line eleven. Other construction work' carried on by the Exposition company includes the In tramural railway, bridges, electric sub ways, fountains, obelisk, etc. Of course the finances of such a big enterprise will be of interest to the American people. Down to Sept 1 the total receipts from all sources were $10.. ti'Ta' f, Yh,ch Cb,caB Pid 003,726 and $5,038,983 had beentid on current installments of stock subscrip tiona. The government's contribution IfJSV"? .conntd n yet, and only $08.- 000 had boon Hiwiu In ......i -- ----... Tuureuir coins. Of the total $8,743,859 had been paid , ....uti ,;, utuuuce 01 11,057,785. Itisnainful tn n,l ,.u.T.i' ,'. at ttie close of the report: I'filw Vinmlrml find fnrtv-oiirVit ..i J - -n - MA dents hnd occurred np to the time of the completion of the report, divided as fo. lows, as to the extent of injuries: Killed, 14; fatally injured, 2; seriously injured! 25; slightly injured, 007. Of this num. ber only one was a visitor." At the same date foreign governments had expended $124,000. England, of course, lends with an expenditure nf $11,785. The Argentine Republic, Urn gnay and Paraguay have together cx pondod $19,070. Ncithor Franco nor Spain has yet expended any sum worth mentioning, but will do so, of course, before the exposition opens. Exclusive of work dono by foreigners, the total paid on buildings to Sept. t was $1,881, 790.94. PRESENT APPEARANCE OF THF GROUNDS. Auditor Ackerman having published his report that $8,743,250 had been spent down to Sept. 1, the American peoplu naturally want to know what they havo to show for their money. The answer is bused on the unanimous testimony of all visitors that in extent, beauty, artistic effect and general con venience Jackson park is fast becoming a wonder, and in 1898 will bo tho most complete and ugreeublo exposition sit.i the world has ever seen. And that the people are interested in the work is shown by the fact that $99,119 have already been received iu cntranco fees from those anxious to look on tho grounds even in their un completed state. Chicago doos not for get to add with proper local pride, and as a delicate argument on a much dis cussed point, that most of this was paid by visitors who eutered on Sundav. ABUNDANCE. nearly" ill of them from that city, and that they passed the day iu a very jieace able and enjoyable manner. The general result of the money ex pended is a greot park graded, drained and beautified in the finest style of land scape art, sand ridges and swamps re placed by lawns, gardens and shrub bery; a wooded island, romantic la goons, and one of the handsomest beach promenades in the world, which will stovjduring the summer evenings of THE ART PALACE. 1803 a tableaux vlvant of all nations. All this is but the general view. The specialties are the greut buildings, art works and hundreds of minor attrac tions. The Exposition company still has to construct its intramural railway, bridges, electric subway, fountains and many other works iu the line of com bining use and beauty. Among the minor affairs are the casino, battleship, colonnade, music hall, peristyle and others. It may be well to add that there are 2,240 employees on the pay roll, their wages averaging seventy-nine dol lars per month. Enough has been done to strike visitors with astonishment even now and there yet remain six months for acttvo work. WEST FRONT AOWCULTUKAL BU1LD1NQ. Tho latest map of Jackson park shows it to be indeed a wonder, and a glance at the course of the so called Midway pluisunee will show that a journey from one end,of it to the other will be equiva lent almost to a trip around the world. The visitor when he starts out may see a village of Dahomey, an Austrian vil lago, a Chinese teahouse, a Morocco ex hibit, a Roman house, an Algerian vil lage, a street iu Cairo, a Moorish pal ace, a Turkish village, a panorama of the Burmese Alps, a German villago, a Dutch settlement, a Jupanese bazaar, a Venetian village an,d a large number of other attractions. ( liad lloitdi Injure Fruit, Sluii an S. Bailey, in his address be. fore the Michigun Fruit Growers' asso ciation, has furnished another excellent argument for good roads. Ho shows how fruit growers lose heavily in dam age to their produce by reason of jolting on heavy and uneven roads. Better roods the very best roads will put money in the pockets of fruit growers. This same thing is true of other claaseo of farmers. Detroit Tribnuo,
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