SUBSCRIPTION TERMS, AC. TB ISQI IRKH i published every FRIDAY morn ing at the following rates : ONE 'YEAH, (in advance,) $2.00 " " (it not paid within sixmos.)... $2.50 " " (if not paid within the year,)... $3.00 All papers outside of the county discontinued without notice, at the expiration of the time for which the subscription has been paid. Single copies of the paper furnished, in wrapper*, at five cents each. - Communications on subjects of local or general interest, are respectfully solicited. To ensure at tention favors of this kind must invariably be accompanied by the name of the author, not for publication, but as a guaranty against imposition. AH letters pertaining to business of the othce hould be addressed to DURBORROW* LUTZ, BBPFORD, PA. SBWPAPEB LAWS.—We would call the special attention of I'ost Masters and subscribers to the IVQI rasa to the following synopsis of the News paper laws : j j. A Postmaster is required to give notice by Utter , (returning a paper does not answer the law) when a subscriber uoes not take his paper out of the office, nod state the reasons lor its not being taken,- and a neglect to do so makes the Postmas terreptfifieibU to the publishers for the payment. 1, Any person who take* a paper from the Post • •ffice, whether directed to his name or another, or whether he has subscribed or not is responsible he pay. k 3. If a person order? his paper discontinued, he must pay all arrearages, or the publisher may continue to send it until payment is made, and collect the whole amount, rhether it be taken from the office or not. There can be no legal discontin uance until the payment is made. 4. If the subscriber orders his paper to be stopped at a certain time, and the publisher con tinues to send, the subscriber is bound to pay for it, if he take* it out of the Poet Office. The law proceeds upon the ground that a man moat pay for what he uses. 5. The courts have decided that refusing to take newspapers and periodicals from the Post office, or removing and having them uncalled for, is prima facia evidence of intentional fraud. yroffissional & gaslnrss tfante. ATTORNEYS AT LAW. T GUN T. KKAGY, ATTORNHY-AT-LAW. Office opposite Rccd A Schell's Bank. Counsel given in English and German. [apl26] IM.M.JIELL AND LLNGENFELTER, ATTORNEYS AT LAW, BEDFORD, PA. Have formed a partnership in the practice of the Law, in new brick building near the Lutheran Church. [April I, 18#4-tf A. POINTS, ATTORNEY AT LAW, BEDPORD, PA. R-pectfully tenders his professional services to the public. Office with J. W. Lingeafelter, K- r., on Public Square near Lutheran Church. JBFR-Colleetiona promptly made. [Dec.9,'B4-tf. j | AYES IRVINE, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Will faithfully and promptly attend to all busi ness intrusted to his care. Office with G. 11. Spang, Esq., on Juliana street, three doors south of the Mcngel House. May 24:1y I? SPY M. AUSIF, LI ATTORNEY AT LAW, BR.nroRD, PA., Wiil faithfully and promptly attend to all busi ness entrusted to his care in Bedford and adjoin ing counties. Military claims, Pensions, back pay, Bounty, Ac. speedily collected. Office with Mann A Spang, on Juliana street, 2 doors south of the Mcngel House. apl 1, 18SI.— tf. 8. R. MEYERS J. W. DICKERSOX MEYERS A BICKERSON. ATTORNEYS AT LAW, BEDFORD, FERN'S., Ofiice nearly opposite the Mengel House, will practice in the several Courts of Bedford county. Pensions, bounties and back pay obtained and tbe j purchase of Real Estate attended to. [inayll,'6B-ly | JJ B. STUCKEY, A TORNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT LAW,J and REAL ESTATE AGENT, Office on Main Street, between Fourth and Fifth, Opposite the Court House, KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI. Will practice in the adjoining Counties or Mis- ' -N iri and Kansas. July 13:tf s. I . RI SSELL. 4- A. LONGENECKKR DUSSELL A LONGENECKER, LI ATTORNEYS A COINSELLORS AT LAW, Bedford, Pa., Will attend promptly and faithfully to all busi er V entrusted to their care. Special attention given to collections and the prosecution of claims f r Back Pay, Bounty, Pensions, Ac. LAROFFICE" on Juliana street, south of the Court 1' use, Aprils:lrr. j' M'n. SHARCE E> F. KF.RR Q IIARPfi A KERR, O /( TTORSE YS-A T-LA W. Will practice in tbe Courts of Bedford and ad joining counties. All business entrusted to their care will receive careful and prompt attention. Pensions, Bounty, Back Pay, &c. t speedily col lected from the Government. Office >n Juliana street, opposite the banking house of Reed <fc Schell, Bedford, Pa. mar2:tf J. R. DURBORROW JOHK LUTZ. DURBORROW A LUTZ, ATTORNEYS AT LAW, BEDFORD, PA., Will attend promptly to all business intrusted to their care. Collections made on the Shortest no tice. They arc, also, regularly licensed Claim Agents and will give special attention to the prosecution of claims against the Government for Pensions, Back Pay, Bounty, Bounty Lands, Ac. Office on Juliana street, one door South of the Inquirer office, and nearly opposite the 'Mengel House" April 28, 18d5:t PHYSICIANS. W- M W - JAMISON, M. D., BLOODY RUN, PA., Respectfully tenders hi* professional services to 'he people of that place and vicinity. [decStlyr B. F. HARRY, Respectfully tenders his profc'sional ser vices to the citiiens of Bedford and vicinity. OFFICE and residence on Pitt Street, in the building F rrnerly occupied by Dr. J. H. Hofius. [Ap'l 1,84. I \K. S. (J. STATI.ER, near Schellsburg. and 1 ' Dr. J. J. CLARKE, formerly of Cumberland c unty, having associated themselves in tbe prac tice of Medicine, respectfully offer their profes sional services to the citirens of Schellsburg and vicinity. Dr. Clarke's office and residence same AS formerly occupied bv J. White, Esq., dee'd. S. G. STATLER, Schellsburg, ApriU2-.lv. J. J. CLARKE. M ISC E L LANKOUS. E. SHANNON, BANK Kit, BEDFORD, PA. BANK OF DISCOUNT AND DEPOSIT. Collections made for the East, West, North and South, and the general business of Exchange transacted. Notes and Account, Collected and Remittaace* promptly-made. REAL ESTATE bought and sold. I'eb22 UANIEI, BORDER, PITT STREET, TWO DOORS WEST OF THE IED FORD HOTEL. BEBFOKP, PA. WATCHMAKER AND DEALER IN JEWEL RY. SPECTACLES, AC. He keeps on hand a stock of fine Gold and Sil ver Matches, Spectacle* of Brilliant Double Refin- V ; Glas.es, also Scotch Pebble Glasses. Gold ■'EH Chains. Breast l'in*. Finger Kings, best Duality of Gold Peas. He will supply to order tiy thing in bis line not on band. [apr.2B,'6s. & p. HARBAUGH Ik SON, Travelling Dealers in ACTIONS. IN the county once every two months. F R L L GOODS AT CITY PRICES. , -ffr' f " r Chambersburg Woolen Manufac turing Company. Apl 1:1 y j J K W. CHOUSE FT* „... WHOLESALE TOBACCONIST, i Hreet two door* west of B. F. Harry's 1 ■ ' S N I? ®*4ford, P-> i* now prepared TO sell by wholesale all kinds of CIGARS. All , ' - -'erg promptly filled. Persons desiring anything I 8 d 0 we to • Asas a aoU. . ikdfurti Oat J9, J fflh c fl3eftorC> 3fn<iturcr. DURBORROW & LUTZ. l'ro,,rietors. * fwtqj. GOOD TUMP Kit. It really is provoking, Charles, you never are put out, Do whit I will. I never can a quarrel bring about I I hate such pliability—'tis silly and absurd; I like a man to have a will and let me have a word. If all our lives could be as calm as a summer sea asleep, Do just imagine, if you cau, what dullards we should keep! A breezy day—a darling stream —an onward rolling sea, Are like the life you ought to lead—the sort of life forme! I should so like to see you in a passion uow and then: I'm sure I try enough—but no! you're not like other men ! Good temper's aggravating when it's carried out so far, And Charles, you put me in a rage, to see how calm you are! Y'ou know I'm very hasty, Charles, you never say a word; We might have famous squabbles, and we might be so absurd! But, of course we'd keep them to ourselves, nor let the neighbors know; And make them up delightfully as we used to long ago. I can't think what's come over you since we were girl aud boy; * We used to quarrel often then, and when had life such joy? So let us now renew oar youth, and fling our years away, And lead again the happy lives we led in that old day. I shouldn't much mind it, Charles, if you would only speak, And I think I'd be contented it we quarrelled once a week! 'Twould be a great improvement on our stu pid, quiet life; And I think you ought to do it to give pleas ure to your wife I iUv-'frUancou;.. THE MANUFACTURE OF PORCE LAIN TEETH. MESSRS. EDITORS ■ —Perhaps but few persons stop to consider the rapid growth and extent of this bu-iness in the United States. If we search for the germ of this comparatively new subject of production and sale, we shall be obliged to go some dis tance. I have Seen a tooth taken from the alveolus of an Alexandria mummy (some leek eating cotemparary of Pharaoh and Moses, may be), brought by Dr. Gliddon, which had been plugged with gold. Occa sional hints are furnished to Ms by other cx ■planations, that our ancestors attempted the preservation or replacement of lost grinders, but the evidence is so distant and so uncertain; that they must be considered rather as occasional incidents than reliable details. Human nature, always ashamed of the ravages of tinie or the effect of acci dent, has been faithful to its instincts, and men and women have disguised the loss of an incisor by bits of bone aud other materi al. Ivory was, until lately, tbe favorite substance to be used as a substitute for a decayed molar. Volney, Ohateaubriand; and the elder Pitt, were not ashamed to make their countenances look sightly by these artificial replacements. I once heard the late Rembrandt Peale account for the material difference that appeared in the two pictures of General Washington; one of them haviog been painted when the false teeth were in his mouth, and tbe other when they were not. Washington's teeth were made of bone, and so were most of ar tificial substitutes forty or fifty years ago, but it soon became evident to "tooth sculp tors" that something less liable to decay was necessary, and our French neighbors deserve the credit for devising the present popular substitute. About the year 1705, one Pierre Lavouse, a workman from the Imperial Porcelain Works at Sevres, made some rude imita tions of the natural teeth, and made them of the same material of which the French and German "soft porcelain" is made, but the art of making artificial dentures lan guished until the incident I am abont to de tail transpired in 1833, sixty years after wards. At the date I have mentioned there wa. j a ; little store in Second street, in this city, which was occupied by a man who did a little in dentistry, and eked out a living somehow, by mending watches, selling spec tacles, etc. The education of the owner of the little shop was defective, and he devis ed ail kinds of expedients to produce some I substance to be used in lieu of bone froui which to nuke the artificial teeth. He was at his wit's end, when one evening as he was I closing his shutters a drunken Hollander, named Van I'elt, staggered into the place. I The man was well acquainted with the man ner of making porcelain, and for twenty five cents offered ttj instruct the repairer of old i watches, so that he could tnake porcelain teeth. Van Pelt wanted bis whisky. The ambitious dentist embraced the offer, paid I the Hollander the "quarter', and the next ! day burned his face and fingers by beginning to make molars for the million. So strange | ly do small causes operate. From this visit of the ingenious drunkard we may date the origin of this kind of man ufacture in the I nitcd States. After forty j years of vicissitude and experiment the amount of labor and capital in this hitherto 5 new business must astonish the statistician. The lievenue Tax paid to the government | upon this branch of manufacture exceeds a quarter of a million dollars yearly. More than six hundred men and women—exclu sive of dental-chair makers, quarrymen, in strument makers, gold foil beaters, plaster of Paris makers, makers of tin /oil, of vul canizes, of emery and corundum wheels, etc. —which, with their families, make an ag gregate of say five thousand souls, enough [ to make a village of sufficient size to claitu j the honors of a Burgess or Mayor—get j tbeir bread from this source alone. The capital invested in this business furnishes no mean item of the social wealth. In passing i through these factoiiesyou miss the machi nery, the ponderous iron wheels visible in other manufactories, but your custodian shows to you a pile of brass, and as he j clanks the iron door open, tells yon that these are his "molds." Little things they I are, weighing a pound or so, but as each of i them is worth a hundred dollars, and as : there arc some thousands of them, they | cost something, you see, mon ami. And the ! furnaces too, huge structures sixty or sev i enty feet high, built with care and skill, i and lined with soapstone, excite curiosity. The constituents, or as the profound call : them, the "molecular atoms," which make an artificial tooth, are few and simple. Feldspar, silex and kaelin, and a little flux, j make the body 3nd enamel, and the partic ular tint and color are imparted by some of the oxides of metals, the oxide of silver, j making a straw or lemon color, iron making a brown, cobalt a blue, titanium a yellow, etc. Sometimes the colors are imparted ' with a brush to the surface of the tooth, i but usually the color is mixed with the i "body" or mass of the materials before it is j molded. The most difficulty is experienced in preparing the gum color. This substance, j called "Purple of Cassias" by the chemists, appears to be a sort of terra incognita to the j students in that science. They conjecture i that it ia an eaidei but ali of khm hesitate i H Horal anft (Brncval flrtospapcv, 23cbotrti to i>olitirs, (Ptmration, Hitrvaturr aub ittorals. in assigning a name or chemical symbol to this production. To make the gum color natural and flesh like is the point <Teorcd lence with manufacturers of artificial den tures. We suppose that the truth is that its purplish flesh-color which makes it so desirable, is imparted to it by the admix ture of some substance in the "body'' of the tooth upou which it is burned. Some manufacturers make this purple of Cassius by melting their gold, tin, and silver in a crucible. This is called preparing it in the "dry way,'' and some make it by dissolving the metals in acids, which is called the "hu mid" process. In any way it is uncertain and undetermined, and when a good "lot" is made the manufacturer rejoiceth vastly. The crude feldspar is scattered in patches all over the globe, but the best quality used in the United States is brought from the quarries in Delaware County Pennsylvania. The kaolin which is neither more nor less than disintegrated feldspar, is procured from the same places. It may be necessary to say that the feldspar contains about four teen per cent of potash, which it loses in the procc.-s of disintegration; consequently kaolin, or pcttmxe, as the Chinese call it, is feldspar deprived of its alkali. Thesilexis too common to need explanation, as its re lations, flint, quartz, sand, c:c., are nnder every one's heels. The spar is quarried, brought to the fac tories in barrels, heated in a furnace, and the calcination is completed when it is throw n into the water Next it is ground in water, and kept standing in vessels for two or three years, during which time a film rises upon the surface of the water which emits a stench not pleasant to dainty noses. (We are told that the feldspar is kept in water in the Imperial Porcelain Chi nese manufactories for three hundred years!) It is next dried, and after being mixed with the silex and kaolin is about the consistency of putty; is pressed into the molds and takes the form of the "block" or single tooth, and placed upon clay "slides" and "biscuited;" t. e., heated to a degree which makes it hard enough for the work men to trim the edges of the teeth or blocks and yet not sufficiently hard to become fused, oi vitrified. Afttr the edges are trimmed off, they are dipped in a glass and replaced upon the slides and are returned to the muffle where they are again heated to about 4,000 degrees, and when properly vitrified, are taken out and annealed very slowly. This last process demands experi ence and good judgment. Like all other kinds of glass, porcelain teeth that- are not carefully annealed are worthless. When the teeth have been properly made, and all the essentials of strength and beauty have received duo attention, they are as translu cent as the finest Chinese Porcelain, and as tough as iron-stone. I have avoided details as it is not my purpose to instruct in this business, but rather to call attention to the rapid rise of this noticeable feature in Amer ican manufactures. Forty years ago you could have your face shaved, youi tooth drawn, and your boots blackened, in the same place, by the same hand. Now you are usliured into an ele gant office, seated in a chair easier than that of Heliogabalus, and your alveolar ridges are examined by a man whose attain ments would reflect honor upon any profes sion. Scientific American, SCHUYLER COLFAX. Putnam's Monthly for June publLhesthe following sketch of Schuyler Colfax, Speak er of the House of Representatives, whom the National Union Republican Convention nominated as its candidate for Vice President of the United States: Schuyler Colfax was born at a house in North Moore street, near West Broadway, in the city of New York, March 23d, 1823. His mother is but sixteen years bis senior. He received a good common school educa tion; was hred a printer, and settled in In diana in 1*36. He soon became foreman and assistant editor of the village paper of South Bend. It was then a very small sheet, such as every Western settlement issues, as a sort of flyer to a job printing business as soon as it has got its school house, grocery, hotel, and blacksmith shop, and begins to think about having a mect ing-housc. The "typo" out West frequent ly gets the start of the preacher, though the race is close. Those who saw Colfax then "at the case" describes him as a light, spindling, flaxen-haired, boyish-looking youth—clever rather in the Yankee than the English sense—with a delicacy of tem perament which suggested a doubt whether he had the stamina to live to manhood, without the faintest suggestion that in his mature years he would be Speaker of the I louse, and the second choice of the country for President. The news then came to South Bend by stage from Detroit, or up the St. Jo river from the Lake. There was but little of it, and though Mr. Colfax became the editor and publisher of the South Beud Register as soon as he became of age, other and subsequent evidences were required to establish his claim to intellectual superior ity. In I*4* he was a delegate to and Secre tary of the Whig National C< nvention. In I*so he was a member of the National Con stitutional Convention. In 1852 he was again Secretary of the Whig National Com vention. He was elected to the Thirty fourth Congress, and has been regularly re elected to every subsequent Congress. He was elected Speaker of the Thirty eighth Congress, and has teen re-elected Speaker of the Thirty ninth and Fortieth. lie was urged but he declined to accept a seat in the United States Senate, preferting his presiding chair in the House. His open, pleasant face, has become familiar to large audiences throughout the country, who have listened to his addresses upon politi cal topics, upon the late President Lincoln —by whom he was warmly loved,—upon his tour across the continent to the Pacific, or upon subjects connected with the work of the Sanitary and Christian Commissions. He is pure in his personal and moral habits, has a broad, outspoken, and catholic sympathy with every good work of reform, whether political, moral, intellectual, or re ligious, and has the warm and enthusiastic confidence of Christians and temperance reformers throughout the country. He at tends, and we believe is a member of the Reformed Dutch Church, and is a thorough teetotalist. Without being educated as a scholar, in ! dustrious reading has given him much of what is valuable in scholarship unalloyed by its pedantry, its clannishness, or its egotism. Without being bred a lawyer, practical familiarity with legislation has taught him all that is most valuable in law, freed from the conservatism Aid inaptitude for change and reform which rest like an incubus on | so many of those minds which are bred by ! the habits of the legal profession to look for j precedents which show what the law has been, rather than to broad principles which settle what the law ought to be. Yet Mr. j Colfax has frequently shown the happiest familiarity with precedents, especially in j questions of parliamentary practice. As a ! presiding officer he is the most popular the | House has bad since Henry Clay. His mar ; vellous quickness of thought, and talent for the rapid administration of details, enables ■ him to hold the reins of the House of Rep resentatives, even in its most boisterous ami turbulent miMid, (and with the exeep ■ tion of the New York Board of Brokers, the British House of Commons, or a Fair at Donnybrook, it is the most uproarious body in the world,) with as much ease and grace as Mr. Bonner would show the paces of Dex ter in Central Park, or asGottschalk would thread the keys of a piano, in a dreamy maze of faultless, quivering melody. As an orator, Mr. Colfax is not argumen tative, except as clear statement and souod judgment are convincing. He rides no erratic hobbies. He demands few policies which the average sense of intelligent men ! cannot be made to assent to on a clear statement of his position. He is emi- , tieutly representative. A glance at his broad, well balanced, practical brain, indicates that bis leading faculty is the sum of all the facttltiaa—judgment, and that what h BEDFORD* PA., FRIDAY, JUNE 5, 1868. believes the majority of the people either believe or can be made to believe. men may be further ahead of the age. Mr. Colfax finds sufficient occupation and use fulness in adapting himself to times anc things as they are, without cutting bu throat with paradoxes or stealing a marcl | on mankind with some new light, whttji they are very likly to regard as a_ "wili-o - the-wisp." He has no eccentricities, bat great tact. His talents are administrative and executive, rather than deliberative. He would make good appointments, and adopt sure policies. He would make a bet ter President, or Speaker of the House, than Senator. He knows men well, es timates them correctly, treats them all fairly and candidly. No man will get through his business with you in fewer minutes, and none is more free from the horrid brusqtteness of busy men. Then are heart and kindness in Mr. Colfax's poljte ness. Men leave his presence with the im pression that he is at once an able, hoaest, and kind man. Political opponents like him personally, as well as his political friends. We have never heard that he has any enemies. Tie breath of slander has been silent toward ha fair, spotless fame. The wife of his yonth, after being for a long time an invalid, sank to her final rest several years ago, leaving hint childless. His mother and sister preside at his receptions, which for many years have been, not the most brilliant, hut the most popular of any given at the Capital. So cially, Mr. Colfax is frank, lively, jolly. It may be that he feels his oats in some degree, but dignity has'nt spoiled bim. The ever lasting I-hood and Us-ness of great men is forgotten in his presence. His manners are not quite so familiar as those of Lincoln, but nearly so. They are gentle, natural, graceful, with a bird-like or business-like quickness of thought and motion. But they are very far from the high and mighty style of Sumner, or the judicial coldness ol res seuden. Sherman and Trumbull. Though manly, they are genial and winning. Amer ican mothers believe in Mr. Schuyler Colfax. There are more babies named for him than for anv public man since Clay. It is a sure test of greatness when mothers are willing to take the name of a public man to the baptismal front, and sacredly link together that oft-repeated name and that tender, un fledged life, with holy prayer. They know that, come what will, that name, however tried and tempted, will never disgrace their offspring. What more shall we say of Schuyler Colfax? The nation honors him. We are willing to believe he will some day be President. Whether President or not, he can afford to be right. DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN CIVILI ZATION. Among the subjects that have of late ySars occupied the attention of scientific observers, says the Philadelphia Ledger, none have been oi'more general interest than those relating to the human race during the period prior to the accepted historical re cords of the various notions. The_ investi gation has been largely a geological ope, involving considerations of climate, varying distribution of land and water, and many other features, which, though not record ed in so many words, are yet detailed in the great book of nature, which he who has learned the alphabet thereof may read. The oldest formations wherein remains of man certainly occur, are the superficial soil and the earth of caverns, the former being known geologically as the quaternary forma tion diluvium, alluvium or drift. The climate ol' Europe was formerly a tropical one, abounding in animals now found there DO longer; as rhinoceros, ele phants, lions, tigers, hyenas, monkeys, &c. A gradual cooling took place, probably oc cupying a vast number of years, and the greater part of Scandinavia, Great Britain, the Alps, and the mountain regions of Western Europe generally, were covered with ice. Central Europe was a great sea, as was the desert of Sahara; England and France were united; Spain and North Africa; and the African elephant could pass from Tunis by Corsica, to the Pontine marshes of Italy. After a time, however, the glaciers receded, and it is then that man made his first appearance in Europe, although occuring in Asia (from geological evidence) at an earlier period. Three hu man skulls represent this date, which was unquestionably the period of the mammoth rhinoceros, cave lion, the hyena and the cave bear. These skulls present characteristics of great aniraality, especially in the develop ment of the froutal sinuses, etc. The asso ciated implements of this period are rudely constructed stone axes and knives; but there is no trace of pottery. The use of fire was known, however, to the earliest of man kind. The European climate next appears to have undergone a change, for the rein deer becomes very abundant, and repre sents what is called the middle stone period, when the art of pottery first makes its ap pearance, and burial of bodies seems first to have been instituted. Bones of animals are now worked into instruments and imple ments in considerable variety, upon which, as upon slabs of stone, we find figures of animals carved, sometimes rudely, some times with much artistic skill. A single human figure represents a form with slen der liuibs and protuberant abdomen, like the modern Australians. There is no trace of fixed dwellings, cultivation of the soil or rearing of cattle. The late stone period is marked by the so-called "pile dwellings"—the construction of huts on piles driven into the soft soil on the edges of lakes, the remains of which have recently been fonni in such abundance io Switzerland, and whieh extend into the so called historic period. Domestic animals were quite abundant; oxen, pigs, sheep but not the horse, which lived wild in the rein deer period. Wheat, flax, lentils, peas, bar ley, etc., were well known. The age of this pctiod has been estimated at G.tXXj to 7,000 years. Next comes the bronze age, in which the use of metals was first introduced, and grad ually supplanted stone. Here we find a great variety ol manufactures, and much really artistic work and ornamentation. The use of bronze was derived from the Phoenicians, the tin used in its composition being brought from England. The exist ence of roasted, broken and gnawed human bones seems to indicate that man was a can nibal at that period. The age of bronze, which, in part, belongs to the domain of history, passed gradually into that of iron, a metal so much better adapted to human needs than any other, VVith all the suc cessive epochs just mentioned there was doubtless a progressive improvements in the exterior physical conformation of man as wo know took place with the skull, which, from indicating a rude animality, finally assumed the form and proportions found in the cultivated nations of the present day. Even now, some tribes are not remotely re lated to the men of the Stone period of Eu rope in characteristics of the brain and skull, though none exactly parallel the conformation of the very earliest mentioned in the beginning of the present article. A Beattcful Thocoht. —Dickens wrote: "There is nothing—no, nothing beautiful and good, that dies and is forgotten. An infant, a prattling child, dying in its cradle will live again in the better thoughts of those who loved it, nlay its part though its body be burned to asnes or drowned m the keepest sea. There is not an angel added to the hosts of heaven but does its blessed work on earth in those that loved it here. Deeds! oh, if the good deeds of human creatures could be traced to their source, how beautiful would even death appear; for how much charity, mercy, purified affection would lie seen to have their growth in dusky graves!" „ DELICATE persons often outlive by half a life-time the robust and the strong, because they feel compelled to take care of them selves, that is, to observe the causes of all their ill-feelings, and habitually avoid them. HE MARK ABLE CAVF. IN PENNSYL „ VANIA. A Milroy correspondent of the Lewistown Gazette gives the following particulars of the discovery of a wonderful cave in Ar magh township, Mifflin county: "On the 24th of April, while Charles Nageny, of Milroy, was having a site dug for a limekiln he was surprised by finding an opening in the side of the hill. The moment I came to view a strong stream of air began oozing forth, like the pressing of a pair of bellows; the work.was continued until the aperture opened in size large enough to allow the body to crawl in, aud then it was found to he a splendid cave, with gorgeous subterra nean gangway; during the week the work progressed, and a formal entrance was made. On Saturday, May 2d, the citizens of Mil roy aud vicinity had the pleasure of a full view. The attendance was composed of about one hundred and fifty ladies and gen tlemen. Lights being at hand, having been furnished by Mr. Nageny, it made the affair quite interesting. After first entering we found ourselves enclosed in a narrow under ground path for the distance of_twolve feet; here the great cave came to view; the gang way was al ou : fifteen f-.-et wide, with gigantic valla of rock, was a direct line of about sixty feet, in the centre of which we beheld the langing or projecting rocks, in the shape of t mantel, underneath which were small, crystalized rocks, long and hollow, appear ig like icicles ou a house in winter time. Here we turned to the right, and had a full sight of the "Platform Bock," a natural platform, about throc feet above the level of the floor and running together in the centre; above it was a shelf'orcanopv, which indicd presented a sublime sight. Here, one hundred and seventy feet underground, and in natural formed rooms or gangways, with a splendid spring of fresh water be neath your feet, who could not realize that the hands of nature bad truly been at work here? A short distance further on, we he held the hanging lamp, and then came the subterranean chamber; situated below where the rocks seemed to be more marbleized, as they are firmer, whiter and more solidly set tied. After returning, we, with tbe assis tance of a ladder, provided by Mr. Nageny, were enabled to take a look up stairs. Here was another chamber with colossal walls of rocks, which preseuted a sight never to be forgotten; the distance traversed was about six hundred feet. The air within is very warm, and the floor or ground seems as if cemented, and is firm and solid. The dia gram is in the shape of an 11, written, aud very neatly laid out. The base of the springs are like small pebbles laid aside of each other, with a border composed of a larger .size. The cave is situate on the line of the Miffliu and Centre county liailroad, about three-fourths of a mile below Milroy, and is a grand and sublime sight—a relic of nature's handiwork that Mifflin county may some day be proud of It will be open for visitors during the coming week, when all who may wish to improve themselves in the study of nature's works may have an op portunity to visit it." SUEZ. "Carlcton " writes from Suez to the Bos ton Journal. "The opening of the railway and the overland travel between Europe and the East has already built up a town of fif teen thousand inhabitants at the upper end of the Red Sea. All around is desert, but the water of the Nile has been brought there and the great transformation has com menced. You see a great raiiwav station, three or four hotels, offices of the Peninsula and Oriental Company, one hotel owned by thcn where you can sit d->wn to substantial beef and pudding just as if you were in a London hotel. The town is Egyptian, nar row streets , hou.-es built from dried brick and stone from the cliffs along the Red Sea, bayous like those of Cairo, a swarthy crowd ! of Arabs, Negroes, Nubians, Hindoos, Ital j ians, Spaniards Germans, Frenchmen, Eng j iishmen, Russians and Turks. The English I have the upper hand here, but everywhere else in Egypt French influence predomina | tes. The Rritish Government have recently i erected large hospital buildings here for in j valids returning home from India, who may ; need nursing at this half way house, j "Taking an Arab boatman, who wears no | garment but a blue cotton shirt, we cast off from the pier in front of the hotel, and with I a brisk breeze blowing from the desert, go out over the waters of the Red Sea to look ;at the excavators on the grand canal. We | can see a line of them in the north, a dozen ! or more, some at work, others getting ready. | It is only when we reach them that wc can ■ comprehend their size. Think of a machine tall as a church steeple, with great iron wheels fifteen or twenty feet in diameter, an endless chain of buckets as big as hogsheads an iron spout reaching out at a right angle two hundred and twenty feet from the ma chine. All this afloat on iron barges, with a powerful engine, keeping the excavating machinery in motion, and moving the barge from right to left and left to right, eating its way. like a great monster, through the sand. "Standing upon the bank of the canal, and witnessing the machinery, and remem bering that every piece of iron, every wheel 1 great or small, every bolt and pin and nut 1 has been brought from France, and put up I here—looking at what has already been ac -1 complished, we can hut admire the pcrseve ; ranee and energy of M. Lcsseps, and the I contractors, Messrs. Borrell k Lavalley. | Considering what has been done there are i good reasons for believing that if M. Lessens i can obtain money cuough, the canal will be ! carried to completion, and that vessels, whether sailing or steaming, will pass from j the Atlantic to the Indian oceans this I route. English prejudice against it is as 1 strong to-day as it ever has been. "It won't j succeed. Let me tell you it never will be I completed; said an Englishman, not an hour | ago, 'and if it is it won't pay.'" BEECHER ON THE UIKCU. Henry Ward Beecher thinks that the punishment of children has not been studied scientifically, and that it is questionable whether children are not really whipped too much rather than too little. He, like all others who have written on the subject, finds it difficult to define exactly in what consists the science of corporeal punishment and admits that after all parents will have to judge for themselves as to the degree and mode of punishmeut. The following re marks are sensible, and worth remembering by every parent: We would not be understood as reproba ting corporeal punishment. Grateful for our own youthful enjoyment of such a means of grace, we advocate a due measure of it, But not upon all; some children are better without it. Whipping should not be come common and vulgar. It should be j reserved as a luxury, and served up in a striking manner, so as to fire the imagina tion, while it stirs up the flesh. Only for grave offenses, for bestial sins, for brutal conduct, for most dishonorable and mean offenses, should it be employed. It is a sin j and shame to slap and pinch, rap and snap j for every peccadillo. Shall a child be un covered for breaking a plate, for tearing his j clothes, for a moment s temper, for shirking t some disagreeable work, for running off a skating, for playing truant on thcdazzliugeat afternoon of the year, when the militia are parading and the drums beating, and the whole air full of the very delirium of temp tation? We shall not venture any advice on this matter, which, after all, must be settled in every house for itself. But, if we should ever venture to express ourselves, we think it would be in about this wise: Govern by rational and moral motives, and govern yuur selffirst; use the rod rarely, but when you take it, make a jubilee of it. so that such an elect hour will stand up like a mouumcut in the child's memory; and never use it except as a kind of exorcism to expel some animal de mou. A man named Tease has married a Miss Cross in St. Louis. He teased her until she agreed she would'ut bo Crow any more. .11 IS Tit ESSES AND SERVANTS. Complaints innumerable are heard in al- ; most every household of the land about the ! incapacity of servant girls. They are indif ferent or worthless, dishonest or dirty, j Granting that these complaints be true, an examination of them will afford interesting study. A candid observer will be suiquised j at how much their tone or even their sub- j stance dejiends uiion the taste of their em ployer. One lady of refinement will tiud in some unfortunate Bridget the most vexa tious indolence, whilst another will be will ing to give her a certificate for laudable at tention to business. One ladv will find her cook slovenly aud dirty, another will recom mend her as a model of cleanliness. One ladv will cry ' 'careless nurse;'' another ' 'care ful nurse.' One "worthless huzzy;" an other "indispensable help." Tlius the un complaining servant becomes a woman or brute, a paragon or hoyden, eleau or dirtv, neat or slovenly, honest or thievish, skillful or awkward, capable or incapable as the pnqx'iisitj- of tnc mistress may happen to run. This is no fancy picture. The ser vant* themselves are living witnesses to its truth. And what does it prove? Simply this, that there is emptiness in the general complaints of servant girls. That the de fects in the households which they are ex liccted to remedy are more the faults of the superior than of the snbordidate. The wo man, the lady if you please, who allows her charge _to devolve upon the shoulders of domestics, deserve to find confusion creep ing into the kitchen and dining room. The province of servant girls is to man the ship, but the pilot, the mistress herself, should never let go the helm. Just so soon as she does, every servant will become her superior, and thej* will feel it and act upon it, and will become untidy, careless or dishonest in pro portion to their degree of irresponsibility. •Bridget in her proper place in the hands of Mrs. A.. will be a dutiful and faithful, and valuable servant: while Bridget out of her proper place, and outside of the author ity of Mrs. 8., will be vinenous and spiteful, domineering and insolent, extravagant and careless, inefficient and worthless. The fault is in the governess more than in the subject. FANNY FERN ON EDITORS. Fanny Fern think* it a great pity that editors, in reviewing the books written by woman, so often fall into the errorof review ing the woman instead of the book. After having her say on this subject, she talks of editors in general terms, thus: It is a pity that an editor should not be a gentleman, for his own sake, and because no position can be more honorable than his, if he choose to make it so, nor more influen tial for good or evil Think of the multi tude he addresses —the thinking men and women who pass his columns under critical review. Surely, this is a career not to be lightly esteemed, not to be slurred oyer bunglingly. Surely, this messenger crossing the sacred threshold of home, might well step carefully, reverentially, discreetly, and discuss fairly, justly, all topics especially connected with home duties and home re sponsibilities. Surely, his advertising list, if he have one, should be a clean one, such as any frank-browed, hitherto innocent young boy, might read. Surely, the maid en, whose horizon is not bounded by a strip of ribbon or silk, or even the marriage altar, should have th* great questions of the day, relating to the future of her sex, not brushed asidewith a contemptuous sniff, or treated with flippant ridicule, because this is the shortest and easiest way of disposing of that which requires thought and fair de liberation. It seems so strange to me, who hold in such exalted estimation an editor's calling, that one should ever be found will ing to belittle it; it is also a great comfort to know that there are those who hold this their position, for honor and interest second to none, and in this light conscientiously conduct their paper, so far as their strength and means allow. This would be a very stupid world, I grant, if individuality were not allowed in the editorial chair as well as elsewhere; but leaving a wide margin for this, is there not still room in many newspa pers for more justice, manliness, courtesy, and above all, respectful mention of woman even though the exigencies of her life may compel her to address the public? MODERN SCIENCE. One of the most notable things about the development of modern science is the man ner in which discoveries or inventions in one branch of inquiry are of immediate and signal service in elucidating other and ap parently unconnected matters. Of such in ventions the sjwctroscope is one likely to be of incalculable advantage, as by means of its refracting prisms it is enabled to separate and exhibit the spectra or rays of light which different substances reflect, each in its own characteristic system of bands and lines of color. By this means several new metals have been discovered, the atmospheres of the sun and other heavenly bodies analyzed, and discoveries are opening up to its powers on every hand. It has been put to practi cal use in analyzing the flame of a furnace during the process of making Bessemer steel, so that the exact moment when the process is complete is instantly shown by the change in the spectrum —a most delicate point ot metallurgy not otherwise determinable. The latest use to which it has been put will give it a fame in the annals of medicine and of law, as it furnishes a means of an alyzing and recognizing human_ blood, whether in abnormal secretions of disease or in dried stains upon other material. The bacmatinc, or coloring matter of the blood, shows a spectrum entirely different from other substances with all its general appear ance and color; so that where even the microscope fails, the spectroscope will in stantly detect so small a matter as the one thousandth of a grain of dried human blood, Thus all sciences gain from each one's pro gress. TRIBUTE TO AMERICA. —The London j Spectator lias the following tribute to Geo. t Peabody. the great London banker: "No ; country contains so many millionaires as | this. No country gives them so much in tlie shape of security, of social difference, and of opportunities of exertion; and no country receives so little from them. There arc at this time a hundred enterprises of national importance which could be set go ing by single gifts quite within the power of scores, not to say hundreds of rich men, and j no one expects that any of them would ob tain any such gifts. In America they are common enough. Gifts of princely amounts, amounts which would yield fortunes in mere interest, have been repeatedly made to American cities, to colleges, to libraries, and this during the lifetime of the donors; but j we can scarcely recall an instance of the kind , in Great Britain. Mr. Peabodv was an American, and we can recall no other single gift of a quarter of a million. Nobody has ever given a million, or a half a million, to anything, and there are many who could. An English millionaire would think a pro posal to give away a year's income in a sin gle check the suggestion of insanity. Men with much money keep it. CURE FOR Wnoonso COUGH.—-Physi cians in Hartford, Connecicut have adop ted with marked success a new method of; treatment for curing children afflicted with | whooping cough. The juvenile patients are j taken on a tour of inspection to the city gas works, and while intently engaged in wit nessing the various processes employed in manufacturing their evening's artifieial-illu i initiation supply, they breathe the not very pleasant air of the gas house. In some way, not very clearly understood, the inha ling of this air is found to cure or greatly alleviate the complaint. This ingenious method of benefitting the youthful mind and body simultaneously has become im > mensely popular in the place, the people at the gas works asserting that during the last twelve months no less than three hundred cases have been experimented upon, the re sults, generally, being of a most favorable ehanwtar.—SvUntifk AmviWfi* VOL. 41: NO. 21. SUNDAY It EST A NECESSITY. Nature re-affirms the Divine law that oue day in seven should be set apart for rest and worship. Both the brute and houian world need it for their well-being. Dr. Farce, a distinguished physician, says: Although the night equalizes the circula tion well, yet it does not sufficiently restore its balance for the attainment of a hmg life. Hence oue day in seven, by the bounty of Providence, is thrown in as a day of com pensation, to perfect by its repo.-e the ani mal system. You may easily determine this question by trying, it ou the beasts of burden. Take that fine animal, the horse, and work him to the full extent of his {low ers even.- day but one in seven, and you will soon perceive by the sujverier vigor wirh which he performs his function.- on the other six days, that this rest is necessary to his well-being. Man, possessing a su|>erior nature, is borne along by the very vigor of his mind, so that the injury of contiimt J di urnal exertion and excitement in his animal system is not so immediately apparent as it is ill the brute; but in the long run it breaks down more suddenly; it abridges the length of his life and that vigor of his old age which (as to mere animal power) ought to be the object of his preservation. This is sim ply as a physician, and without reference at all to the theological question. THE TWO MERCHANTS. —We cjip the following, which daily finds an illustration in even- city, from an exchange, and com mend the lesson it teaches, to the considera tion of merchants located in this vicinity: When trade grew slack, and notes fell due. the merchant's face grew long and blue; his dreams were troubled through the night, with sheriff's bailiff's all in light. At lost his wife unto hini said. "Rise up at once, get out of bed. and get your paper, ink and fven. and say these words unto all men: 'My goods I wish to sell to you, and to your wives and daughters too; my prices they shall be so low, that each will buy before they go.' " He did as his good wife advised, and in the paper advertised. Crowds came and bought of all he hadj'liis notes were paid, his dreams made glad, and lie will tell yoa to this day, how well did printer's ink repay. He told as this, with knowing wink, how he was saved by printer's ink. The other in a place as tight, contented was the press to slight, and did not let the people know of what be had, or where to go. His drafts fell due, and were not paid, a levy on his goods was made; the store was closed until the sale, and for some time he was in jail. A bankrupt uow without a cent, at leisure, he deeply repents that fool ish and unwise, he did not freely advertise. AN UNDERGROUND RIVER IN OHIO. —It is generally known that there exists about a mile west of Fremont a remarkable under ground stream, with a swift current, and no outlet above the surface of the ground this side of Lake Erie. It was discovered sever al years ago on a farniof the 3lile House, now owned by widow Sheffer by a man who was returning from a day's chopping in the woods. In walking over a slight sunken place, he noticed a hollow sound and turn ing struck the ground with his axe. The axe broke thiough and disappeared andbas never been heard from since. Further in vestigations showed a rock about six feet be low surface, with a crevice a foot or more wide, in which could be seen several feet below. By tracing its course lurthcr down and breaking through the crust, the pheno nomen appeared again, and by dropping a piece of wood or other floating substance in the upper aperture, it was soon seen to pass the lower one, showing a.strong current. A lead and line let down to the depth of seven ty feet found no bottom. The supply of water is only slightly effected by drouth. A pump sit up in one of the places above men tioned has furnished the water to the whole neighborhood during the late dry season. It is certainly a remarkable stream. "NOISY CHIEDREN." —Well, how doyou like your stupid, quiet blockheads, that never make a noise only when some oue pushes them out of the way? "I cannot bear the noise of children." Then go and shut yourself up in some quiet nook, where the music of childhood is never heard. Shut yourself away from the world, and thus stifle the little music stirring in your heart. If you wish to crush the life and spirit from the souls of children, stop their noise, instruct them to play carefully, avoid ing all outbursts of joy. We like the noise of children. Not that rude, wicked, wild noise that is heard in the retreats of the pro fane and uncultivated, but natural out bursts of childhood's innocence and mirth. As well may you command the spring brooklet, swelled by recent showers, to run over its rocky bed without making any noise, as to expect children, full of the springs of human life, to play and make no noise. Do not banish your children out o! hearing that you may not be troubled with their noise. Let them feel that you love to see them happy and cheerful, and then they wiii not seek to avoid your presence to find enjoyment. EFFECT OF EXPOSURE ON COAL.—l'rof. Rockwell, has called attention to the deterioration which coal suffers from expo sure to the weather, snd to the importance of keeping it as dry as Anthracite suffers the least; bituminous the most. Ac cording to the experiments of Grundmann, in Germany, coal exposed to the weather in heaps lost during a period'of nine months 50 per cent of its value as fuel, and about as much as a gas making material; it under goes a process of slow combustion, taking up oxygen, and giving off the volatile pro ducts of oxidation,—air and moisture play ing the principal part, and warmth promo ting it; the valuable combustible ingredi ents are lost, and the injurious ones, as sul phur, oxygen, and ash, are relatively in creased. Coke from weathered coal is of inferior quality, losing its coherence.— Scientific American. LITTLE WOMBS. —The woman is irrepressi ble. Too fragile to come into the fighting section of humanity, a pnny creature whom one blow from a man's huge first could anni hilate, absolutely fearless, and insolent with the insolence which only those dare show who know that retribution cannot follow what can be done with her? She is afraid ©! nothing, and to be controlled by no one. Sheltered behind her weakness as behind a triple shield of brass, the angriest man dare not touch her, while she provokes him to a combat in which his hands are tied. She gets her owu way in everything and every where. At home and abroad she is equally dominant and irrepressible, equally free from obedience and from fear. A WEATHER TOY.—A Bostonian. SAYS the Commercial Advertiser, has a toy barometer on exhibition, which consists of a miniature cottage, with two doors. At one ot these stands a roan, clad in such purple and line linen as constitute a Sunday go-lo ir.ccting garb in New England, while at the other ap pears a female arrayed in hke apparel, lhese twain seem to watch the impending weather. If there are signs of rain, the roan, with a no ble bravery worthy of a better fate, steps boldly out of doors, while the woman shrinks into the cottage. But il the signs are favora ble, the woman goes forth to shop and gossip while the roan stays at home and tends house and baby. A thermometer forms part of the household furniture of this institution. — Sci entific American. OF the Southern freedmen the Chicago Poet says: We look for a new literature and i 1 a new music from this impassioned, although I hitherto dumb race. They are possessed by nature of thefinest social and moral fa- I culties. They are an inherently loval race, warm hearted, mirthful, imitative, dramatic and musical. It is true, that at present we have but the rough outline, so to speak, of these latter abilities—but they are all there, and only require cultivation to givo them a distinctive character and a high ex pression. Already, and even whilst they were slaves, thev struck the key notes to an original music, that will one day be develop -1 ed and elaborated into a iwienoe. ItATES OF ADVERTIBING. All drr*i-eiDnt> for lorn than 3 twmtbs 10 cents per line for each insertion. Special notices one-half additional. All resolutions of A.socio lion, communications of a limited or ladiriilal interest arid notices of marriages and deaths, ex cecding fire lines, 10 ets. per line. All legal aoi. ces of ercrj kind, and all Orphans' Court and other Judicial rales, are required !>y law to be put liebed in both papers, Editorial Notices 15 cents per line. All Advertising due afterfirst insertion. A liberal discount made to yearly advertisers. 3 mcnts. 8 months, 1 year One square 3 1-50 3 0.00 SIO.OO Tire squares S.OO 16.00 Three squares .......- 80# 12.00 30.0# One-fourth cu'umil 11.00 20.00 35.00 Half column lA.OO 25.00 45.09 One column 5 ......... 30.00 4j.CO #O.OO Dosncanc HAPPINESS- —-WW'; tt*v< ing, a few years since. I was detained -odic •' 'j-s in <me of our Western cities. .My room overlooked a lane or alley-way. m which several houses oceuyipd. by Ix.tha' ela-s ofartizan-. and f much txt-'-r; - ' ; -l in one of theso. *> much that no r; 1 J hear"a clad shout from a little voice than 1 knew il was meal time, and -;lhiddy was eonriTW," and C t<X*k up m* point of obn r vat ion in harmless mid admiring wrutim of the well-governed house. . 0 t.ie way in the father raised the wjauaag child bi lus anus, and gave it two or throe rerounuuig smacks; another one had crept to the U;">r .sill, and this was lifted also, and its little cheek laid tenderly upon the shou.der, which was huuehod to bring it close to that of 1.10 father By this time the wife had bro t a bowl of water, and a white, course towel, then she took the children down, applying also sundry pats, now on the droit Me r - • t the little ones, and now on the broad, fath erly ones: mid whiie tlio hUsband gave it last rub of the mud. rough hand#, heclfeteh ed out his neck atul he-sod the prelly, giil i.-h wife, who w- uld be hovering noar tani. They said grace, they dined '■* the punn. wholesome board, and more than opce fiitttid myself wafting them a benediction with the tears- in my eyes. It is so brutish to pass without a word of recognition of tho Great Giver. The husband was a grave man. and the wife a lively, cheery one, neat as a pin. and very chatty. I thought them wonderfully well matched, for there was no moroseuess in tlic man eqi Ic\ it} in the woman, and when came, and the little household, dressed in their finery, baby and all. went out to church, it wa, a sight to behold.— Mrs. E. Oakcs Smith, m the 1L raid of Health. THE LOVE OF THE BEAUTIFUL Place a young girl under the care of a kindheartd, graceful woman, and she unconsciously to herself grows into a graceful lady. Place a hoy in the establishment of a thoroughgo ing, straightforward business man, the boy becomes a self-reliant; pratical business man. Children are susceptible creatures, and.circurastances, scones 3nd actions al ways impress thc-in. As you influence them, not by arbitrary rules, not by stern example alone, but in the thousand other ways that speak through beautiful tonus. through bright scenes, soft utterances and pretty pictures, so will they grow, Give them a corner in the garden for flowers, encourage them to put in shape the hanging baskets, allow them to have their favorite trees, lead them to wander in the prettiest woods, show them where they can best view tua sunset; buy for them pretty pictures and encourage them to decorate their rooms, each in his or her childish way. The instinct M in them. Give them an inch and they will go a mile. Allow them the privilege and they will make your home beautiful. IT is a curious circumstance that since the invention of the present form of violin, about two hundred and fifty years ago, the instru ment has undergone no improvement. IN ono of the changes which successive makers have attempted to introduce have proved of the least value. The old are still the best, and for once the general law of progress seems to have been set aside. II hen vio lins were first brought into the concert-room as substitutes for the old viol with frets, they were ridiculed as mere toys, incapable of ever producing effects equal to those of the instruments they were intended to su persede; yet in the course of a sing e gener ation the violin bad not only been recogniz ed as the first and most important of the components of the orchestra, but had attain ed its fullest development of form and tone. Tlie rtistnrawnto manufactured during the first half of the seventeenth century by the Amati family at Cremona, and somewhat later by their celebrated pupil Authouy Stadivarius, have never been excelled, and there is no reason to supposethat they ever will be. ABYSSINIAN MOUNTAINEERS. —Among the mountaineers of Abyssinia the state of things is very much what it was in the high lands of Scotland not so many years ago. The various chiefrans or large landowners who ate appointed by the rest of the tribe to manage its affairs, lead the warriors in their raids aeainst other tribes with whom they are at feud. Thus the warlike spirit is maintained which would make Abyssinnta, if united under such a chief as King Theo dore, an exceedingly dangerous antagonist for either Turkey or Egypt; for the people have no fear of death, and the cavalry, the Gallas especially, of whom there are about twenty thousand, are as good as any horse men in the world. Even if put to flight in battle, they adopt the Parthian system of flight and retreat, and avail themselves of ovory favorable opportunity that tuay offer itself of wheeling round and attacking the pursuer. They are however, in common with the infantry, deficient in discipline, and. consequently, very subject to panics. Once a Week* AGRICULTURAL INVENTIONS. —The re, port of the acting Commissoner of Agricul ture for the present year relates the interest ing fact that the number of agricultural in ventions now annually perfected is more than forty-fold greater than it was twenty years ago. These improvements are rapid- Iv revolutionizing the agriculture of the West, reducing to the lowest minimum ever attained the proportion of manual labor employed in its operations. As a single illustration the reaper is mentioned, which, while doing the work of ten men, was first supplemented with a self-raker and now, still further to facilitate and conomizc the harvest work, is furnished with au apparatus for the instantaneous binding of the sheaves. DON'T keep a solitary parlor, into which you go hut once a month, with your parson or sewing society. Hang round your wall pictures which shall tell stories_ of mercy, noi>c, courage, faith and charity. 3lake your living room the house. Let the place lie such that when your boy has gone to dis tant lands, or oven when, perhaps he clings to a single plank in the waters of the wide ocean, the thought of the old homestead hall come to hiiu in his desolation, bring ing always light, hope and love. Have no dungeons about your house—no room you never open —no blinds that are always shut. "JoilN," said a Quaker to a young friend. "I hear thou art going to be married. "Yes," replied John. "Well," replied the man of drab, "I have one, little bit of ad vice to give thee, and that is, never marry a woman worth more than thou art. W hen I married my wile I was just worth fifty dollars, and she was worth sixty-two. and whenever any difficulty oceured between us since, she always threw the odd twelve dol lar! in my face." IN a ' moral story," by the younger Du mas, a married woman is represented as writing to her lover, explaining why she will not follow him. "I am not free," sbo says; "my family, society, public opinion, and—must I say it?—my husband, too, j have claim on me." The nonchalance and careless indifference with which the husband is slipped iu among the things which pre vent her elopement find no parallel out of a French novel. SOME folks are prodigiously penitent over other people's sins, and seem to think they have a special call to confer.; thcm bc ore 1 the whole world. They w. 11 gouge their brother's eyes out rather than leave a single mote in them. At the same time they are singularly blind respecting their own tail ings. _ SOME employments may bo bett than ! others; but there is no e ' r 'P k^, n ' c^ i as the having none at all. f f.l. contract a rust and an unfitness for every thing, and a man must either ho up "is time vvith good, or at least innoowS^jp or it will run to xn.i vVe. _ .... . J&gfs-.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers