3Mfovd sJtnjuiw.
BEDFORD PA., FRIDAY, SOY, 3, 1865.
TOADYIS.II,—DEMOCRATIC: SYCO
PHANCY.
The Democratic party, worse than the
tory party of England, seems determined to
set itself sternly against every progressive
movement or idea, without regard to its
nature, whether it be intellectual, moral,
physical or political, its bitter opposition is
all the same. This peculiar characteristic of
that party was demonstrated by ignoring
absolute facts and the stern logic of events,
in its most absurd form by the obstinate re
fusal to pass the Constitutional amendment
in those States, which it controlled. It is
being demonstrated now by the most disgus
ting toadyism toward the leading rebels,
whether pardoned or unpardoned. They
poured out their lamentations in the most
lugubrious of joreiniades while the war was
in progress, because they could not as of
old bow the knee to Southern slave drivers
and receive small pensions, of such offices
as were not considered desirable by their
Southern lords, for doing their dirty work.
Now that they once more have an opportu
nity of displaying their abject servility, they
have set about it with an energy worthy a
better cause, and seem anxious to make up
for the lost time. They have not yet, ami
likely never will, perceive that their miserable
fawning, engendered the proud overbearing
spirit in the South, that carried it into re
bellion, but set themselves to do their old
works over without regard to consequences,
and that with a blindness and determined
ignoring of facts and experiences that puts
to blush the more sensible- of the rebels
themselves. They worship slavery and all
its concomitants as of old; its chief advocate
Jeff. Davis has long ago been canonized,
while in the late rebel chieftain Lee they see
all the attributes that go to make up the
ideal gentleman and immaculate christian
soldier. They parade his new oath of alle
giance as if they had forgotten his late per
jury and publish ceremonies of his late in
stallation of President of Washington college
with a minuteness that must of itself put
to blush the pardoned traitor if he has a
spark of manhood left, in his bosom. Inca
pable of an original idea, they either hunt
up the mouldy record of the dead past and
endeavor to resurrect some doctrine long
since consigned to oblivion, an attempt with
feeble efforts to bolster up and carry along
in the march of the grand and progressive
present the effete carcass of a defunct party.
Their efforts now to resurrect the organiza
tion of what was once a proud and honora
ble party, but which by the treason of its
leaders and the defection of its honest men
has been left a disgusting mass of all that is
vile and despicable, are by no means flatter
ing in their prospects. The repentant reb
els who have been pardoned by the Presi
dent, are far in advanciof these would
parasites. They have learned many things
in the school of adversity of which they
never dreamed in the days of their unhum
bled pride. And while their once servile
worshippers, too blind to see, too stupid to
learn and too stubborn to yield to the pro
gressive spirit of the age, are once more ply
ing their disgusting adulation as of old, they
accept the changed condition in which they
find themselves to work like men, to not
only repair the damage they have done but
to make up tor past delinquencies by devo
ting all their energies to the development
of the resources ot the country so long par
alyzed by a blind pc'icy. This is most strik
ingly indicated in the letter of Reagan to
the people of Texas. These indications
should suffice to open the eyes of the would
be leaders of a defunct party, to the fact
that by the neglect of its opportunities, the
perversion of its powers, and the abuse of
its privileges the party has committed polit
ical suicide and is now dead beyond redemp
tion.
THE RUSSELL-ADAMS CORRE- j
BPONDENCE.
Quite a number of sensation journals pro
fess to see a speck of war in the correspon
dence between our Minister at the court of
St. James, and Earl Russell. To such as
feci any nervousness at the prospect of an
other war we would say, there is not the
slightest cause of fear. A war with Eng
land at present is about as improbable as
anything in the range of possibility can be.
In the first place our own people are as little
desirous of war as is consistent with our
national honor. Our position and strength,
as just demonstrated in the rebellion, are
such as to secure us our rights and the re
spect of all civilized nations. England
knows this as well as we do, and though she
may bluster and endeavor to evade or delay
she will not risk a war for all the just de
mands that we may make upon her, and
none but just ones will be made. England
also knows too well the amount of danger
she would sustain in case of a war with us.
The example of the destruction of our own
commerce by a few privateers is too striking
a warning to England of what she would be
likely to experience in a similar case. Be
sides our patronage is too valuable to Eng
lish manufactures to permit it to be lost for
the sake of a few paltry millions, and a prin
ciple, which, if carried out, would virtually
result to England's own detriment in any
future war. Her extraordinary fright at the
Fenian demonstrations evinces the insecurity
she feels even now. But the destruction of
our own commerce is no criterion of the
extent of the injury that would accrue to
England in a similar case. We had many
indirect advantages which went far toward
balancing our losses. In proportion as our
commerce was injured and our communica
tion cut off, importations were checked and
our home mauufactures were built up. The
capital taken from commercial interest was
turned to the development of
resources. This would be utterly impossi
ble to England. Her interests are abroad,
her commerce is at once her wealth and
strength. A war with us would at once de
prive her of her best customer and destroy
her commerce, while it would still further
hold up and strengthen our manufacturing
and mining interests and internal commerce,
that the United States would cease forever
to be a customer of British manufacturers,
and instead become their most formidable
rival in foreign countries. These facts are
as obvious to British Statesmen as to ours,
and indicate too clearly for them to disre
gard, that a war with us would be the end
of British commercial supremacy, and the
speediest way ■of reducing Britain to the
status of a second rate power. With such
a view of the case, we feel justified in assur
ing our readers that of all things possible,
a war with England at the present moment
is the least probable.
Ol'R COMMON SCHOOL LAWS.
Their Inconsistency—A Reform Needed.
While the enlightened statesmen who en
acted our common school laws saw the pro
priety of making the rich man assist in edu
cating the son of his poorer neighbor,
thereby promoting the welfare of the rich
and poor alike by an increased intelligence,
they strangely overlooked the necessity ot
making the richer sections of the state assist
the poorer in educating their people. The
same principle applies in both, but the ad
vantages which would flow from the adoption
of the latter are as much.greater than those
derived from the former as the state is great
er than a county or a county is greater than
a township. The advantages will he of a
two-fold character, first such a system alone
can give our school system the efficiency it
was designed to have, in diffusing general
intelligence, and second it will by proper ap
plication not only equalize taxation but les
son the expense. Under our present sys
tem there are an almost innumerable num
ber of assessors and collectors and the rates
oiF taxation and diversity of management
are the greatest possible. If the rate of
taxation were equalized and the state and
school tax collected together, it would be
with much less expense to the school fund
and the amount thereby saved would go far
toward balancing the increased weight of
taxation on the richer sections of the State.
A FORMIDABLE GHOST.
Wendell Phillips says: "The Republican
party does not exist. There is a specter
walking over the country in its shroud, but
there is no such party." " Wendell is right.
Gazette Oct. 27.
Wendell may be right sometimes, butit is
a notorious fact that he is often wrong, and
was never more so than in the present case.
But Ihe Gazette seems to view all Phillips'
opinions, as it were through a camera which
invariably get things upside down, so that
it is constantly making right, wrong, taking
facts for myths and changing the real into
the ghostlike, as in this case. Now we nev
er did believe in ghosts, but we very well
know that those who do, are very apt to
mistake the real and material, for the weird
and ghastly. We also know that they are
apt to get badly frightened by the imaginary
ghost and the result is that the believer not
unfrequently gets crazed or dies outright
from his fright. Now our diagnosis of this
case is, Wendell Phillips always has been a
monomaniac; the Gazette has certainly been
frightened out of its wits, and the Demo,
eratic party about out of its existence, not
by the ghost of the Republican party, but
by the living acting, moving reality, which
Democratic fear had shaped into all manner
of ghostlike hobgoblin forms. If any one
doubts the mateaial existence of the Repub
l'can party, he can inquire in Pennsylvania,
Ohio, lowa, Vermont, California, Maine,
<fco., and the Gazette might be edified by in
quiring in Cumberland Valley.
FOOTSTEPS IN OVR CAREER OF
PROGRESS.
Whatever differences there may have been
on other questions, President Johnson and
the Union party have always agreed upon
the following important points: that the
constitutional amendment must be ratified
by the returning States and slavery thereby
forever abolished; that the act of secession
must not only be repealed but declared null
and void. That the rebel debt must be re
pudiated ; That they shall enact such laws
as will put all their citizens upon an equality
before the laws and secure every man, white
or black,in all his rights of person and prop
erty and redress for ail his wrongs. And
lastly, Andrew Johnson has said that as a
private citizen he would advocate a gradual
enfranchisement of the negroes; that he has
no power to delegate such privilege to them
but that Congress can control thosa States
until they come up to these requirements.
DON'T MIX WELL.
The Democracy went to the polls with
"This is the white man's Country," "Pres
ident Johnson and the Democratic ticket."
On the same day Johnson was saying to the
colored soldiers in Washington, "This is
your country as well as any body else's coun
try." A slight difference! Can't the De
mocracy explain.
THE GUBERNATORIAL CANDI
DATES.
The last number of the Chambersburg
Repository contains a letter from "Harace."
its Harrisburg coi respondent, who enumer
ates the different old and new candidates
for Governor in this wise :
Naturally enough the overwhelming Union
victory just achieved has brought out a large
crop of candidates for Governor. Gen.
Morehead, of Allegheny, Col. Jordan, of
Bedford, Gen. Geary and Hon. J no. Covode
of Westmorland, Hon. W. W. Ketchem, of
Luzerne, have been known candidates for
some months, and the established supremacy
of the Union party will make their friends
I increase their energies. In addition to these
I hear the r.ames of Hon. Thos. M. Howe
and Hon. Jno. Penny, of Allegheny, General
Lemuel Todd, of Cumberland, Mayor M'-
Michael, of Philadelphia, Gen. Hartranft,
and Gen. Hancock, of Montgomery, Hon.
G. A. Grow, of Susquehanna, SenatorLow
ery, of Erie, Hon Geo. V. Lawrence, of
Washington, Hon. John. Cessna of Bedford
and others whose names I do not now recall.
The name of the chief editor of the Reposi
tory has also been pretty freely used in con
nection with the nomination: but as his own
columns peremptory decline him, I presume
that I am bound to obey and strike his name
from the list. Of the new names suggested
that of Mr. Cessna has the most vitality,
and it is probable that there will be a power
ful concentration in his favor. He has made
a most gallant fight for the country since
the day the war was commenced, and has
never blotted his record by faltering under
any circumstances; and the consummate skill
and energy with which he won victory for
the party in the late contest, gives him a
prestige that courses to fortune with a strong
tide. If a military man must be taken,
Gen. Hancock would doubtless bear off the
prize if he is willing to accept it; but a brevet
Maj. General in the regular army would
hesitate long before exchanging a life office
in the line of his profession anci in which he
had won all his fame fer the uncertain for
tunes of political life.
It will be seen by this enumeration that
two distinguished citizens of Bedford coun
ty are named for this prominent position.
It is truly gratifying to u to know that the
loading men of our County are so highly
appreciated by the State at large. And
whatever the people determine to do in re
gard to these rciy worthy and able gentle
men will meet with our earnest approval,
aud the successful one will receive our ar
dent supi>ort during the canvass which is to
follow.
HON. JOHN CESSNA.
Tho Republican canvass which closed a
few weeks ago with a brilliant victory of
25,(W0, has brought out many warm and just
tributes to our townsman, Hon. John Ces
sna, for the masterly manner in which he
conducted the campaign. We are free
to say that no man in Pennsylvania is better
constituted for this position than Mr. Ces
sna, his energy, his untiring exertions, bis
tact, all combine to make him a most form
idable political leader. We copy the follow
ing capital tribute from the York Republi
can :
No word of commendation is too emphatic
to express the obligations of the Union par
ty of Pennsylvania to this gentleman, who
acted as Chairman of its State Committee
during its recent canvass. Active, able, en
ergetic, indefatigable, with equal tact and
talent, he assumed a task of special difficul
ty, and accomplished a magnificent success.
The times were very unpropitious—the pub
lic spirit was languid—there was no percep
tible ground-swell of public interest to buoy
up the efforts of the organizing head in the
ftolitieal contest. It is comparatively easy
work to carry a party through a canvass
where popular feeling is aroused and willing
hands tender their most active services to
help on the cause. But when General Ap
athy or Indifference is in command, then, to
use the pet quotation of an eccentric friend,
hie labor, hoe opus est. No one knows the
power of the vis inertia: until he js brought
into contact with it, under such circumstan
ces. Mr. Cessna encountered the lazy giant,
and conquered him. His hand was felt ev
ery where in the canvass, lie spared nei
ther time, trouble nor labor from the work.
His voice and pen were unceasingly at work,
and his success is such as to cover him with
the laurels of a well-earned victory. Wo
notice that he was serenaded in Philadel-
Ehia last Saturday evening in recognition of
is valuable services. He deserves a far
better tribute to his honor, who never yield
ed to party what was due his country, and
pursued the honorable path of patriotism
defying the slanders and calumnies of cop
psrheads and traitors.
Again we clip from the Lewistovm Ga,
zette :
To no man in Pennsylvania does the
Union party owe so much for our late glori
ous victory over treason and its sympathi
sers, than to Hon. John Cessna, the able,
talented and efficient Chairman of the Union
State Central Committee. He was untiring
in his effort®, both with his voice and his
pen, throughout the campaign. In Bed
ford, his own county, the Union gain, in a
great measure through his individual exer
tions, in quite a full vote is over 500. Mr.
Cessna was formerly one of the great lights
ol the Democratic party of Pennsylvania,
but like President Johnson. Edwin M. Stan
ton. Daniel E. Dickinson, Generals Grant
and Sherman, and others, when it joined
with the friends of the Rebellion to break
down this glorious fabric of Free Govern
ment, and rear in its stead a great Slave
holders' Confederacy, he left it. No man
in the State is hated more by the Copper
head Democracy, on account of the heavy
blows he has given that treasonable organi
zation. but their malignity will not amount
to much as the tangs have been extracted
from the reptile. Mr. Cessna is yet in the
prime of life, and Pennsylvania is proud of
nim, and will honor him if his life be spared
a little longer.
CONGRATULATORY ADDRESS.
Hon. John Cessna, Chairman of the Union
istate Committee, has issued the following
congratulatory address to the Union men of
the State :
Another political contest has been deter
mined by the freeman of Pennsylvania. The
Union cause has again triumphed at the
ballot-box. Official returns have been re
ceived from sixty-two counties of the sixty
six in the State. Of these, fifty-four show
gains for the Union cause over the vote in
1862. The agregate gains over all losses are
nearly twenty five thousand. This will give
to oui candidates on the home rote alone
majorities exceeding that given by army
and home vote to our late lamented Presi
dent, Abraham Lincoln. Of the seven
Union Senators whose terms of office expir
ed, we have not lost one. The home vote
has gained us one from the opposition in
Luzerne, and the army vote will gain us an
other in Franklin and Adams. In the lower
House we have retained all of our sixty
three members of last session. The home
vote has added three to this number, and
the army vote will give us one more. The
Senate will stand twenty-one to twelve, and
the House sixty-seven to thirty-three, thus
giving us a majority of forty-three on joint
ballot
For the.ie results, so gratifying to the
friends of our cause in Pennsylvania, and
to all patriots throughout the nation, we are
deeply indebted to the returned soldiers of
the late Union army, who have taught their
friends and their foes that they know as
well how to vote intelligently for the cause
of the country as they know how to fight
bravely and heroically for the same cause.
Much praise is due to the press of the
Union party throughout the State for its
patriotic efforts in the good work.
To the secretaries of the State Central
Committee, Messrs. Hamersly and Benedict,
the loyal men of Pennsylvania are under
lasting obligations. Upon them devolved
arduous and responsible duties. Many of
their labors are not witnessed or even known
to the public. They labored assiduously by
day and by night for the success of the
Union cause, to which they are both most
devotedly attached.
Every member of the State Central Com
mittee performed Well his part and co-oper
ated cheerfully and cordially with the chair
man in promoting the success of the Union
ticket. To the chairman of the several
county committees, and the members of
those committees, it is conceded that much
of the credit of our triumph belongs. To
all the true and faithful men of the State,
who so effectually discharged their duties,
and made our triumph easy as well as over
whelming, our most earnest and hearty
thanks are extended.
The defeat of our opponents is thorough
and disastrous. To them it was unexpect
ed, although well merited. Having oppos
ed the war so happily and so gloriously ter
minated, they changed their policy, nomi
nated officers, and assumed to be the espe
cial friends of the soldiers. They were con
fident and defiant. When we were silent,
they clamorously and imperiously demanded
our views. When we spoke they charged
that it was "puerile invective." They told
their followers "that we were endeavoring
to turn their flanks," and called lustily upon
them "to pierce our centre." Some of
them retired with both flanks turned and
their centre pierced. The balance were
made prisoners.
Last year they assured their followers
thar the election had been carried at the
point of the bayonet; that military rule had
interfered with the freedom of the election,
and that our country was fast verging to
wards a military despotism. That shallow
pretext cannot avail them now.
Supporting soldiers, they became the
champions of deserters and refugees from
the draft. To rally their desponding and
disheartened forces they proclaimed that
our President, had become a convert to their
views. They well knew the opinions of
those who had elected him, and the principles
of the platform upon which he stood. Yet
they would gladly have induced him to
abandon his friends and his principles in
order that they might be restored t. power.
The spirit of secession and State
sovereignty had assassinated one President
witbin the last six months, and was striving
to demoralize and steal anothei. The ex
periment failed. The effort to make it has
been tsrribly rebuked by the people, and the
result is the complete demoralization and
overthrow of those who dared to misrepre
sent our Chief Magistrate in order to pro
mote the success of their sinking cause.
The oft-repeated and well established
truth of history has again been vindicated.
No man, in any country, can take sides
against his Government when engaged in
war, whether foreign or domestic, and re
tain the confidence and respect of his fellow
citizens after the termination of that war.
And such is the unavoidable fate of parties.
Either the party which antagonize the Gov
ernment during the war must go down or
the nation must perish. Our nation is too
young to die. Those who opposed our arm
ies on the field of battle have been defeated.
The party whose leaders opposed the prose
cution of our war for national existence has
been beaten at the ballot box. Our people
have just given another of the highest proofs
of the fact that '"man is capable of self-gov
ernment." The people at the ballot box
have declared their adherence to the princi
ples which were made triumphant by the
skill and bravery officers, sol
diers and seamen amid the storm of battle.
Let all good Union men continue te be faith
ful and true to the cause of their country,
and all will be well. The nation, purified
by the fiery ordeal through which it has
lately passed, will start upon a new era of
progress. The enemies of free government
will everywhere resncct and fear our great
ness and power, ana the down trodden and
oppressed of every clime will seek and find
an asylum in our midst.
JOHN CESSNA,
Chairman Union State Central Committee.
THE ADAMS-RUSSEI, CORRESPOND
ÜBNCE.
It would take up nearly the whole space
of the CHRONICLE to publish this volumin
ous correspondence. We shall merely glance
at its marked features. Leaving aside the
letters which began on the seventh of April
last and ended on the twentieth ot May, we
come to the renewal of the correspondence
beginning with Karl Mussel's letter dated
August thirtieth. The British Foreign Sec
retary describes the formidable nature of
the rebellion, alludes to its machinery of
civil government, its armies, fortifications,
the extent of territory claimed by it, aud
the number of people represented by it,
and justifies the proclamation of the neu
trality in view of these facts. Coming to
the question as to whether a fair neutrality
had been preserved, he claims that the for
eign Enlistment act which is intended in
aid of the duties and rights of a neutral na
tion, can only be applied when a ship is
armed or fitted out, or begun to be armed
or fitted out, and even that case when proof
can be obtained that the shin so armed or
equipped, or begun to be armed or equipped,
is intended for the service of a power at war
with a friend or ally of the British Govern
ment. In the case of "the Oreto he denies
that the proof would warrant a detention.
In the case of the Alabama he alleges that
the owners of the vessel sent her off just as
the British tioverriinent was about to seize
the ship. He denies substantially that his
Government could seize an unarmed vessel
on vague suspicion.
On the subject of recognizing the rebels
as belligerents, Earl RVSSKL refers to A
merican precedents and claims that recogni
tions by the United States of belligerent
rights belonging to immgcina have been
frequent; Buenos Ayres, Columbia, Mexi
co nave been acknowledged by the United
States to have belligerent rights against
Spain; Brazil and Artigas against Portugal;
Texas against Mexico. The noble Earl adds:
"But in no case have these insurgent forces
sprung up at once fully armed to the amount
of 5,000,1X10 of men." He proceeds at
length to discuss the complaints made by
Portugal during the war of South Ameri
can independence concerning the captures
by American vessels of war built in the Uni
ted States, which bad not been seized and
condemned in our ports, and claims that we
declined a Commission of Adjudication, and.
in fact, made no reparation.
He then puts the following case ; But as
to the principle involved, let me ask you.
supposing a merchant, or passenger vessel
belonging to the United States were to go
to the coast of Madagascar, and were there
to meet a ship from Boston with cannon
and muskets, and the merchant ship being
then armed were to take a part against Bra
zil in the war between Brazil and Paraguay
—let me ask, I say, whether your Govern
ment would think themselves bound to af
ford reparation to Brazil for all the captures
made by that ship? Yet such is the case of
the Shenandoah.
It seems to her Majesty's government
that if the liability of neutral nations were
stretched thus far, this pretension, new to
the law of nations, would be most burthen
some, and, indeed, most dangerous.
A maratime nation whose j>eople occupy
themselves in constructing ships and cannon
and arms, might be maoe responsible for
the whole damages of a war in which that
nation had taken no part.
I am thankful, therefore, to Mr. ADAMS
for having in 1818, 1820. and 1822, shiel
ded maritime powers by his conclusive
argument from such alarming liabilities.
The Earl finally agrees to consent to the
appointment of a commission, to which will
be referred all claims arising during the late
civil war, which the two powers shall agree
to refer to the commissioners, and winds up
with the usual diplomatic humbug about
the friendship of the two nations. Mr. AD
AMS' reply was sent on th 18th of last
month. A part of it is devoted to the pre
cipitancy of the Briti.-h Government in
granting belligerent rights. Our revolution
of 1774 is referred to, for the purpose of
showing how long a lapse of time occurred,
before belligerent rights were granted. Re
ferring to the course pursued by France in
that period, Mr. ADAMS most pungently ob
serves:
"So far from being inclined, as your lord
ship supposed it might have been, to give
aid to the insurrection, which since 1774 had
been developing its great proportions by any
recognition of it as a belligerent, the French
Sovereign frankly responded to an appeal
made by Great Britain by interdicting his
people from all relations whutever with the
Americans. In other words, the example
shows that on both sides there was not the
remotest conception that a recognition of in
surgents as a belligerent, immediately upon
the breaking out of the insurrection could be
considered as a justifiable act on the part of
a friendly power.
Mr. ADAMS suggests the case of the
overthrow of the kingdom of Naples, by
General GARIBALDI, and shows how pricip
itate it would have been at the outset of
that movement for a foreign nation to have
recognized in advance a handful of followers
under the leadership of General GARABAL
di as a belligerent power. He warns Karl
RUSSELL that if the English example is to
prevail, a new era in the relation* of neutrals
to belligerents on the high teste u ill open, and
that Floridas, Alabamas and Shenandoahs,
will appear in every sea. He declines au
thority to accept the proposed commission,
but refers the proposition to his Govern
ment We cannot candidly say that we con
sider the reply of Mr. ADAMS as evincing
much ability. Perhaps the most decided
and suggestive passages In the entire letter
are the following. Uur space will not per
rnit us to publish more of this voluminous
correspondence. Mr. ADAMS says:
For if it be once established as a princi
ple of the international code that a neutral
Power is the sole judge of the degree to
which it has been done its duty under a code
of its own making, for the prevention of
gross and flagrant outrages, initiated in its
own ports by the agents of one belligerent
in co-operation with numbers of its own sub
jects, and perpetrated upon the commerce
of the other on the high seas; if it be con
ceded that the neutral, upon reclamation
made for the injuries thus done by reason of
the manifest inefficiency of its means of re
pression, which it has at all times the pow
er to improve at will, can deliberately de
cline to respond to any such appeal, fall
back on the little it has attempted as as ex
cuse, and thenceforward claim with justice
to be released from the inevitable conse
quence that must ensue from its inaction,
tneu it must surely follow that the only
competition between neutral Powers hereaf
ter will be, not which shall do the most, but
which shall do the least to fullfil its obliga
tions of interdiction of the industry and en
terprise of its people in promoting the con
flicts that take place between belligerents on
the ocean. If this be once recognized as
good law through the authority which the
powerful influence of her Majesty's gov
ernment can attach to it, I dare not venture
to foresee how much reluctance there may
be on the part of the people whom I have
the honor to represent, to accept an act upon
it. Hitherto a want of eagerness on the
part of the most adventurous and least
scrupulous portion of them to promote en
terprise on behalf of any bolligoront that
promised personal advantage cannot he
charged upon them. The references made
by your lordship to the cases of Spain and
Portugal must have convinced you of this
truth. The prospect of impunity in such
enterprises is all that is needed. Further
than this, I might only venture to suggest
to your lordship to consider which of the
nations of the world presents on every sea
around the globe the most tempting prizes,
in an event no friend would more deplore
than myself, of its being again, as it has so
often been heretofore, doomed to be afflicted
by the calamities of a war.— Wash. (Jhron.
The War in Mexico.—Capture of Mata
moms by Juarez.—The Recent Impe
rial Decree.—The Trial of Jeff" Davis
Death ofllon. Matter A. forward, &c.
NEW YORK, October 27. —A special to
the lit raid, dated Washington, October 26,
says : Senor Romeo, the Mexican Minister
to the United States, is in receipt of dis
patches this evening which anticipate the
capture of Matauioras, and the entire occu
pancy of the State of Lamarclipes, by the
liberal forces under Juarez. '1 here can be
no doubt of important movements having
been on foot to that end for weeks past, and
of their having reached a poiut of reasona
ble success. These accounts are understood
to have corroporation in official dispatches
received to day by the Government, although
the actual occupation of Matauioras by the
liberals has not been announced or confirmed
Important disclosures, relating to the re
cent Imperial decree establishing the new
express company, are likely to be made
within a few davs. and will fully show up
the animus of the late Philadelphia dispat
ches, declaring the Liberal cause hopeless,
and Maximilians government firmly fastened
on the people of Mexico. Several gentle
men are implicated who have hitherto held
official and confidential relations with Mr.
Lincoln's administration.
It is now positively known here that the
trial of Jeff Davis has been decided upon,
ami the arrangements have been nearly com
pleted. The trial will be for the crime of
treason, and will take place either in this
city or Richmond, and before the United
States Supreme Court. The counsel for the
government have been selected by the Attor
ney General, and the friends of Mr. Davis
have selected and retained counsel for liiui.
Now that the Wirz trial is completed, it is
supposed that the trial of Davis will imme
diately follow.
I t is said that the Secretary of the Navy
has directed that all the available steam ves
sels of war shall immediately be got ready
for sea. It is supposed that it is the inten
tion of the Government to be fully prepared
for any eventuality in any quarter of the
world.
The Naval Court Martial, with Vice Ad
miral Farragut as President, to convene in
Washington on the Ist of November, will
have before it Lieutenant Colonel Marsten.
the oldest officer with one exception in the
Marine Corps, on the charge of using for
private purposes, and losing bounty money
deposited in liis hands for new recruits.
The Court will also try Commodore Cra
ven under the tenth section of the third arti
cle of war, which requires all officers to do
their utmost to overtake and capture or des
troy any vessol which it is his duty to en
counter. He is charged with neglecting
this. The rebel rani Stonewall having been
in the harbor of Ferrol, while he was in
proximity as conmiauder of the Niagara,
and the Sacramento, another ship of war
being in port at the same time t® aid him.
It is said the Stonewall sent him a challenge,
which he declined to accept.
Mr. Duncan, State Agent for Georgia, is
on his return home from New York, and has
succeeded in negotiating a loan of one hun
dred thousand dollars, for one year, at 7 per
cent, on the faith of the Provisional State
Government of Georgia.
Ex-Governor Neil S. Brown, of Texas,
was pardoned to day by the President.
E. Rollins, of New Hampshire, and D.
C. Whitman, of New Jersey, were to-day
commissioned Commissioner and Assistant
Commissioner of Internal Revenue.
The Herald has an interesting statement
relating to the new Mexican loan for thirty
million dollars which was placed in this mar
ket on Monday last, and also a represen
tation the bonds of the denomination of five
hundred dollars. Already the demand for
these bonds is very great, applications pour
ing in from hanks and individuals in differ
ent parts of the country, as well as in the
metropolis, accompanied by warm express
ions of sympathy for the cause which the
loan is intended to subserve.
Gen. Augustine Dcrtueblue, the oldest
son of the first Emperor of Mexico, is now
in the city. He has been offered rank and
emoluments by Maximilian, but has declined
them.
Henry S. Foote ltclusesto take the Oath
of Allegiance.
New York, Oct 28.
This morning in the United States Court,
before Judge Mason, the Hon. Daniel S.
Dickinson, United States District Attorney,
moved the Court that Henry S. Foote, Ex
member of the defunct confederate Con
gress, be admitted to the bar as counselor of
the Supreme Court of the United States.
The motion was granted, and Mr. Foote
stepped up to the clerk's desk to take the
ouths. The first oath, to support the Con
stitution of the United States and of the
State of New York,, he took without win
cing, hut the oath of allegiance was too
stiff for him. After listening attentively to
its striugent requirements, Mr. Foote de
clared his connection with the late rebel gov
ernment rendered it impossible that he
should subscribe to such au oath, and left
the coHrt room.
European Christain Commission. —Europe
is to have a Christain Commission. A de
cree, signed last year at the international
convention at Geneva, relative to the woun
ded in battle, nationalizes hospitals and all
connected with the care of the wounded of
whatever nation, belligerent or not, and rec
ognizes the one flag and badge for universal
acceptance and protection, a red cross on a
white field. This important, decree is owing
to the efforts of a Swiss Christian who wit
nessed the unalieviated horrors of Solferino.
RATIONAL THANKSGIVING HAY.
Proclamation of the President, Appoint
ing December 7th.
By the President of the United States,
A PROCLAMATION.
WHEREAS, it has pleased Almighty God
during the year which is now coming to an
end, to relieve our beloved country front the
fearful scourge of ci vil war, and to permit us
to secure the blessings of peace, unity and
harmony with a great enlargement of civil
liberty;
And Whereat, our Heavenly Father has
also during the year graeiously averted from
us the callamities of foreign war, pestilence
and famine, while our granaries are full of
the fruits of an abundant season;
And Whereat, "righteousness exalteth a
nation, while sin is a reproach to any people;
Now. therefore be it known that I, An
drew Johnson, President of the United
States, do hereby recommend to the people
thereof, that they do set apart and observe
the first Thursday of December next as a
day of National Thanksgiving to the Creator
of the Universe for, these deliverances and
blessings.
And I do further recommend that on that
occasion the whole people make confession
of our national sins against His infinite good
ness, and with one heart and one niind im
plore the Divine guidance in the way of Na
tional virtue and holiness.
In tescimony whereof I have hereunto .set
nay hand, and caused the seal of the United
States to be affixed.
Done at the city of Washington, this 28th
day of October, in the year oi our Lord One
Thousand Eight Hundred and Sixty-five,
and of the Independence af the United
States, the ninetieth.
ANDREW JOHNSON.
By the Presideut,
JVM. H. SEWARD, Secretary of State.
Union Pacific Railroad—lnternal Reve
nue Receipts—Amendment of the Tax
Law —The Reciprocity Treaty.
Special Dispatch to Pittsburgh Com.
WASHINGTON, Oct. 26.
ARRIVED.
Major General Schofield is among the ar
rivals here to-day.
The receipts from internal revenue to-day
were upwards of nine hundred thousand dol
lars.
A MISSOURI DELEGATION
Representing the interest of the Kansas
branch of the Pacific Railroad, had an inter
view with the President in relation to its ac
ceptance by the Government, with flattering
prospects of success.
REVENUE RECEIPTS.
The total receipts of revenue by the Trea
sury, in the three months ending on the 20th
September last, amounted to one hundred
and forty-six millions of dollars.
AMENDED TAX.
It is underttood that several of the most
influential men engaged upon the subject of
amended tax. are strongly inclined to substi
tute a tax upon sales, for the present system
of income tax, and taxes upon occupations
and productions. This will leave untouched
a proper system of taxation upon dividends,
rents, salaries, interest upon loan of money,
spirits and tobacco. Some persons, whose
opinions are entitled to consideration, urge
the propriety of levying a specific duty or
excise upon cotton and petroleum, and such
other of our products as hold a monopolyof
the foreign markets, to such an amount as
will neither abate the profits of these pro
ductions. nor lessen the foreign demand for
them, at the same time refusing to draw
back on those articles when exported, thus
throwing the whole of the tax upon the for
eign demand.*
THE RECIPROCITY TREATY.
It is understood here that Canada will
starve if the reciprocity treaty is abrogated,
and the English capitalists, except those
who invest in our railroads, will be so hard
pressed if the present custom duties are
maintained in this country, that they will
have to set up their workshops on this side
of the Atlantic. The fight in the Congress
will be on these questions, and the members
will have the opportunity of selling not at
the highest prices in British funds: sterling.
Official cupidity may, therefore, be quoted
in advance at a very high figure.
Another reduction in the Army-30,000
men to be mustered out--if usincss of
Chicago Fostofficc.
Special Dispatch to the Pittsburgh Pom.
WASHINGTON, Oct. 27.
ANOTHER REDUCTION IN THE ARMY.
Another wholesale reduction of the army
has just been ordered. Instructions were
issued to-day by the War Department, di
recting the immediate muster out of fifty
three regiments, numbering in the aggregate
between twenty-five and thirty thousand
men. There are twenty-six colored regi
ments included in the list, three of them
belonging to Massachusetts and Connecticut
and the rest to the regular United States
colored troops. The following are the Wes
tern troops which will be discharged under
this order: Ohio, 194 th infantry; Illinois,
the 54th and the men of the 95th infantry
regiment who were transferred to the 47th,
which still remains in service; Indiana, 13th
cavalry; Missouri, 15th and 16th cavalry;
Michigan, 10th cavalry; Pennsylvania, 3d
heavy artillery and 3d provisional cavalry.
BUSINESS OF THE CHICAGO POSTOFFICE.
The number of letters that passed through
the Chicago Postoffice during the quarter
ending September 30th, as shown by the
books of the General Postoffice, was 1,977,-
963. The receipts of the office front letters
and newspaper postage, during the same pe
riod, were $88,798 37; $12,120 was paid for
registered letters. The expenses of the office
were $27,486 03, and the net balance paid
over to the Government after the prepay
ment of all expenses was $68,84S 02.
Fenian Movements-The Queen's Troops
Deserting—Large Emigration to the
States-The Baunlers Kidnapping Case
NF.W YORK, October 26. —The Herald's
special from Torontq, says the Fenian ex
citement is increasing and great activity is
manifested in military circles, and drills, or
ganizations, enrolling volunteers, etc., arc
going on. Many soldiers in the regular reg
iments are deserting to the States, and a
large portion of the volunteers arc believed
to be Fenians. Many Scotchmen are join
ing the nrier in Montreal. A number of
the French have gone to Mexico.
The exodus from Canada to the States
just now is very large. Three thousand
families left House's Point last year for
America. American buyers spent a million
dollars in this market last month.
In the Saunders Kidnapping case the
judge strongly urged a conviction on thejury
who, unable to agree, have been locked up
since Saturday, the judge declaring he will
keep them confined until they give a verdict.
TIIE MONRO® DOCTRINE. —Here is the
the whole story copied from Mr. Monroe's
message, delivered Dec. 2, 1823:
With the existing colonies or dependen
cies of any European power we have not in
terfered and will not interfere. But with
the governments who have declared their
independence, and maintained it, and whose
independence, we have on great considera
tion and on just principles acknowledged,
we would not view any interposition for the
purpose of oppressing them, or controlling
in any other manner their destiny by any
European power is any other light than as
a manifestation of an unfriendly disposition
toward the United States.
What is the difference between stabbing a
man and killing a hog? One is assaulting
with intent to kill, aud the other a killing
with intent to salt.
Terrible Hurricane in the West Indie.
Three Hundred Person. Killed
NEW YORK. October 21.— Fries of late
" est India papers furnish additional details
of the terrific hurricane which swept, over
some Islands on the 6th of last month. I n
Gat'daloujie it was particularly severe. Hon
ses were lilted from the ground, torn to nie
ces and blown in fragments to a considerable
distance, and the air was filled with the fir
ing debris. In one town a hospital was
blown down, and all its inmates were either
killed or wounded. Between two hundred
and three hundred per sons altogether were
killed. The crops of the island were dc
strayed. Scarcely a tiee was left standing
and it is believed that many vessels were
stranded or sunk.
JAMES BUCHANAN.— The unkimlest cut
of all to James Buchanan, who served the
Southern traitors with a servilities unsur
passed in the history of the countrv, is giv
en in the late letter of Hon. Kenneth Rav
nor to I) William Eider, of Washington,
llaynor puts his deliberate opinion on record
thus:
1 must say that I regard James Buchanan
as more responsible for the disasters and
horrors of the last four years than any man
in the nation. The people of the South
had very kindly feelings for him. In fact,
he was more popular with the ultra men of
the South, on account of his connivance at
the Kansas outrage, his dogma about hav
ing no power to coerce a State, &c., then he
was with the Union men. A remonstrance
from hint, a warning, a declaration that he
mutt maintain the authority of the Govern
ment and see that the laws were executed—
this, coming from a friend, would have in
duced the Secessionists to pause and consid
er, at least; it would have aroused and giv
en confidence to the Union element of the
South. It would, in my opinion, have
averted the conflict. But hs stood still and
did nothing.
THE FREEDMEN'S "BUREAU." —A few
days since, says the Chattanooga (Tenn.)
Gazette, an ancient gentlewoman of color
came into an office of the Freedmen's Bureau
and inquired if that was the place where
they kept the freedmen's bureaus. The
gentlemanly clerk was momentarily nonplus
sed, but, instantly recovering his wonted
fravity blandly replied in the affirmative.
linah, with an air of mystciy' and speaking
in a confidential whisper, said: "I have
come for my bureau; now give me a pretty
large one, with a glass top; I have a wash
stand at home, but it is too small to put my
fixins in."
A miller had his neighbor arrested under
the charge of stealing wheat from his mill,
but being unable to substantiate the charge
by proof, the court adjudged that the miller
should make an apology to the accused.—
"Well," says he, "1 have had you arrested
for stealing my wheat—l can't prove it—and
sorry for it."
Talleyrand being asked for his autograph
by an English nobleman, promised to send
him one in a few days, and thus kept his
word. He sent him an invitation to dinner
" Will you oblige me with your conpany to
dinner, on WeDnesday next, at eight o'clock?
I have invited a number of exceedingly clever
persons, and do not like to be the only fool
among them."
SOUTHERN NEWS.
The Chairman of the North Carolina Con
vention announced on the 19th ult. that he
had sent to New York tor a National flag to
hoist over the Capitol, as, alter dilligent
search, he could not procure one in the vi
cinity.
Thefreedmen of Lynchburg, Va., hare ap
pealed to their former masters for aid to emi
grate to Liberia, for th e purpose of carrying
"the civilization they hare received in this
country to that benighted land."
Thirty-four of the members of the Georgia
Reconstruction Convention were unable to
take their seats until pardoned by President
Johnston.
Gov. Johnston of Georgia has requested the
President not to remove the U. S. Military
forces from that State until it completes its
organization.
On the 20th ult., for the first time since its
capture in April, 1862, New Orleans was
without a ship-of war moored in front of it.
The oyster trade at Norfolk. Va., is very
brisk.
Extensive fires are raging in the woods in
several counties in Virginia.
A large meeting of the friends of the Balti
more association for the improvement of the
colored people, was held in Baltimore on the
2-sth ult. The meeting was addressed by
Bishop Mcllvaine of Ohio and Mr. Braith
waite of England.
Tho population of Nashville, Tenn., previ
ous to the war, was 28,000; now it is over
80,000.
A reverend gentleman from Florida is in
Washington urging the colinizution of the
negroes upon the public lands in that State.
A white man married a dusky damsel in
Knoxville, Tenn., lately, and was driven out
of town by the indignant citizens.
RECONSTRUCTION.
The negroes of Mississippi have been hoaxed
with a story that on next Christmas day the
Government is to give to each of them a tract
of land, and many reft'se to hire to the plan
ters for a period extending beyond that time.
Gov. Pierpont of Virginia has published a
card, charging the Hon. Freeman Clark of
the Treasury Department, in Washington,
with having caused to be published, knowing
it to be false, the statement that he (Pier
pont) had said. "We, the people of the South,
will not submit to be taxed to pay the Union
war debt."
The Freedmen's bureau will continue its
operations in South Carolina until that State
allows the negroes to testify in the courts,and
puts a stop to the outrages upon the blacks.
The South Carolina Legislation lately elec
ted assembled in extra session on the 25th.
Alex. H. Stephens, ex-Rebel Vice-Presi
dent, left Washington on the 21st tilt, for
Georgia.
The Richmond City Government has been
organized, the objectionable members having
given up their claims to office.
At a Democratic meeting in New-Orleans,
on the 16th, resolutions were adopted asking
that the same clemency be shown .IctT. Davis
as to other Sonthers leaders, and denouncing
Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner as
.having raised an un-American clamor for his
blood.
The military in the district of Charleston
have been ordered to surrender to the civil
tribunals the adjudication of all legal matters
except such as relate to property in posses
sion of the Government, and cases in which
negroes are interested. The order calling for
the organization of the colored militia has
lieen countermanded.
I he depredations of the bushwhackers up
on the Southern Indians is the chief obstacle
to the making of favorable treaties by the
•Jovernment. The tribes have lost in this
way $4,500,000 worth of cattle during the
war.
Over 1 ft. Of 0 Southern loyal Indians are uow
subsisted by the Government.