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IfrfM—tf, DANIEL BORDER- Yvt STRirt, TWO !)<' WEST OF TUS BEDFORD HOTEL, HedforcL, I*a. tt aiclimakerd- Wculcr in Jc*elry. Spectncle*. Ae TTA KEEPS ON BAND A STOCK OF FI <Z GOLD i i AND FiLYER WATCHES, SPECTACLES OF Jdrilliart ftouide Refined (ilases, also Scotch Pebble OcWWatflh Chains, Breast Pins, FiDgor Rings, best of Hold Pens. Ba will supply to order anj thing in his line not on bund. *r,r. 8. 18f,S —ze. . _ ■ ■ HOTELS. THE MENGEL *HOUSE. Tssee DOORS NORTH OF THE PUBLIC PQCAKE, Jcliama ST. Bedford, Pa. HHT? nOUSE so weil known to the traveling p uWi c. wj I cntinues under the charge of Isaac MengcL Do .|i i,( ■part, no reins to snppiv the wants and comfort of ail tWJf he f*vr>r him with their paironags;. His table i spreai! fee het the market affords. His chimb erf jfcj *• handoielT furnished, A convenient 'table is at -- i.t -.fced to the House. E'tcndtsd by t-arefnl hostlers. A LOCAL AND GENERAL NEWSPAPER, DETOj® TO POLITICS. EDUCATION, LITERATURE AND MORALS. THE TEIl T MPHB OF SCIENCE. "Knowledge Is Power." iipropose. in a few articles, to consider what dfion has accomplished for the world, and .<.! its relation to the progress of individuals * intellectual powers ennoble man, distin |n: him from lower order of creation, and are iu.'f glory. The cultivation of these is his -and conduces to his happiness. Talents |L nto be improved, not to be buried. The 1 toi'ch secures knowledge is richly repaid in thi aisilion. The educated man has eyes to things of earth; ears to hear the Afcaraonies of Nature; hands to gather up gems, w" .ch Heaven scatters along hig.. Education translates us, as it were, in trorld. Nay, more; it extends the curtains labitatkms, and we, who once burrowed in $1 h, may walk among the stars. Igj who can estimate our indebtedness, as nations, to Education, and the general 11 of knowledge ? Machinery, set in mo regulated by a few, does the work of iving to one man the hands of the fabled Golden harvests gathered and garner- Jay : spindles and looms converting wool, nd silk into fabrics of the finest texture .test beauty, with astonishing rapidity; jy ore dug from the bowels of the earth, ■k moulded and polished, transferred to our {jo r service or ornament, all these tell of the jjps of science. Kmbering coacli and sluggish bark, which Hl'.ir fathers, is exchanged for the commo fjfriin. which flics through valleys, darts t tunnels and sweeps across the plain, con sen and merchandise from the seaport to fMiesof the West, or the wilderness beyond, ijdn days, the long journey, which it once re- Bonths to accomplish. p|was, when it was thought a wonderful fet ■ ans of reeking couriers to carry intelli- B-hundred miles, between the rising and th, gof the sun. Now. the telegraph flash es sage across a continent, in the twinkling B: and the merchants in St. Louis, is ap pr the prices of exchange in N. Y. befoie th 'politan has read his morning papers.— ■ tander-ia-chiefof a nation's forces, seat- Mf-ccluded appartment. is informed of the res contest. before the booming of cannon Mai way, and the smoke of battle disappear ed remotest hamlet in the land, rejoices jife-owtiv*! city, in the restoration of peace, be- ifr. is diy on the parchment, which pkdnss and fealty. y inj of the Press, books arc indeflnately ®vl. ad as cheaply furnished, that a labor njto-diy may purchase what was; beyond &of lings; and orators, who once spoke to tlsusands, now address a nation, in "t s tlijt breathe and words that burn. To wiowe it, that the condition of man has be<: >rajed. his comforts increased, his means of. ess augmented; the dim twilight of Civ- Hiiscealing towards the meridian of abet te|;orcj glorious day. Let it receive due cri watt, it has accomplished, whilst we i. viio gave these faculties of mind, by tip!i his soared like a bird of dawn, into th t ij-glons of thought and action. art reminded that progression is the "ISmim We have at first in the seed, a pr.f life burning through its covering, thadci then the ear. and at the last, the !'u n die ear. Day by day, and year by ye ndf r child passes on to maturity, then ch -e!t with the attributes of noble man he like manner, the development of the m iudi. and knowledge is acquired by slow de%. Isaac Newton began with the alpha he the common school, Daniel Webster indation of his intellectual greatness. I ;er who trains the youthful mind, a su;lt,nsable trust, and undertakes a noble wt he who clear away the rubbish of ig no error, and lays the corner-stone of an life edifice. If his work be imperfectly domre will reveal it. Ifthe first prinei pWledge be not clearly imparted, and in< re.ss< d, the mind will never attain to diver, and freedom of thought- A dis til tatesman acknowledge his indebted- Mian who. in the low-thatched school hoitt him the rudiments of an English cd ~d eheri -hed his memory with even mt tce an d affection than that of a learned t'dho conducted him through the ab 'sti.-.f metapvsical ivuth. A clergyman hed natural gifts, who might have sll ho highest position in the gift of the ch -des an unimportant place, his inflsi en by reason of the defectiveness of his 031 ti. If the foundation is imperfect, tk'ueturo will be also. ;nera! intelligence is necessary to the ™'cnt of the gifted few. TJnapprecia n runs to decay. The public spcak an audience, which can perceive the to' and be moved by his eloquence to no ok e author muet have a people to read pM and be benefited by his writings. %n orators who addresssed the people, r :'ln; reporters, drew inspiration from l&hiMies. which listened in breathless llr-ir impassioned eloquence, or rent the ah applause. The intelligence, of the > 0 W ent far to secure them the im uit.ieh is theirs. Educated American |§y estimated, and longed for freedom F*essire yoke, and hence they caught "Lent of "the noble Ilcnry, and shouted V fc e land—"Give us liberty or give u Dc rnmon school then, receive the en Mind support its important demands. IJdl we secure the wide diffusion oi Wad raise up academies, colleges and uu fhieh shall he an honor to our land. Win obscurity a nations pride andglo- r -' unshed few. Let u* go back to th> open the fountain, and remove thi 0 -hat the rill may flow forth. thebrooi jtr and the broad ocean send up it -•<!- the sun. thence tobe borne hack W y the winds of Heaven, poariiu P°.iil baptism or the Earth. t?IGNA. BEDFOIi l >, A. FRIDAY, ICS, r - —~ THE PERPETUITY OF THE UfON. SPEECH OF ft nOX. J. K. MOORHEAD, j op Pennsylvania. Delivered in the House of llepr€B(|i , ' , ' re8 i March 26, 1864. The House being in the Committee of ft hole on the state of the Union— Mr. MOORHEAD said: Mr. (Jh.viRMAM: My colleague frotr as 21st district {Mr. Dawson [ has made confe illy the ablest speech on the other side of the I I'e. and h3 stated with great frankness and elei esa the grounds of his opposition to the war. though it was well answered by my colleague m the 17th district, (Mr. ScoFiEi.it,] I feel it ambent upon me to give it some attention, as oi districts adjoin, have like interests and feelings, i as spe cial efforts have been made, by the cin itiou of his speech, to affect the political sei nent of Western Pennsylvania. We both live ; le head of the great channels of trade formed b: leOhio and Mississippi rivers, and their tributes, down which the coal, lumber, and agricnlturaßoducts, and the manufactures of glass, steel, irtflropper. wood, etc., of our people, were accustom! before the rebellion to boat safely and with© let or hindrance, to the inhabitants of thirtit States, and on through the Gulf to foreign ftrkets. — Valuable as the Fed* ral Union is to thftople of other States, it is beyond all price to Pejai lvnnia, and especially to his constituents and fee. who alike love their country, are proud of i: history, believe in free govermeut, hate slaverwe ready to die rather than see their nationanag ilis" honfired at home or abroad, and will h permit the destruction of their government by® toe ratio slaveholders, who treat and speak "nftorthcrn people—Democrats as well as Kepublfts—with more scorn, than they feel for the slafton their plantations. The blow of the traitorio made this war, fell first and heaviest on our ftstituen cies, when they closed the navigation <4he Mis sissippi, seized and o nfiscat "J propeiarnd des troyed trade more than sixty years eled, and for restoration of the right to which© people have been vigorously fighting for nly three years. Ido this, Mr. Chairman, the ft-c readi ly, lie cause the doctrines be annoum i are the very same which brought on the wai id if not condemned by the people, would mak >e south ern rebels our masters forever. My colleague began his speech by r< tiding us in glowing terms of the nappy and psjxfous state of the country "about eight y< i fitfe," when he left these halls.- H vie ft two irs ({fare Mr. Buchanan became President. V It. wwits condition when Mr. Buchanan handed Go jern ment to Mr. Lincoln ? Why is my coll ue -1 lout as to the pregnant liict. that- when retired, the gloom of that awful peri<fivas (-uch that its mere rembemhrance comes ft ail evil shadow over the heart of every patri<4 It iias been suggested he has beep; a Icep sleep_ during the eight years he was afcnt Vom political life. His speech furnisheslong evi dence of it. Let me then iutorm idj-vhit he should know, and what many of his Bstit ents do know;, that not merely are we i$ "it the midst of a revolution." bur the coj-y \is in the midst- of a revolution when Mmluclanan retired, and lias been on the brink of Sevojition at different times, for thirty years. Jackson suppressed treason in 2. Jeff. Davis and his fellow-conspirators mad signs of beginning a revolution, under old ; h. faylor in 1850, when California was admit asp free .State, but the hero of Buena Vista lehhed it by announcing that he would hang t first reliel who dared to lift a hand ag- inst the lion, and Jeff. Davis knew well he would do it, Thev Pro pared for it. while Pierce lived iiwig White House, and Davis governed the copy, They persevered while Buchanan was Pjjident. and Floyd controlled the anay. until, beftn the 4th November. 1860, the day Lincoln wafected, and the 4th March, 1861, the day he waaagurated, every southern lbrt except Pickens % Sumter, every armory and arsenal, all the oriice, arms, and ammunition, all the custom-horn post of fices, and mints, in a word all the prjkty of the Federal Government in every sccecfttate were seized by siaveholding traitors, vMut a blow being struck or a shot L ing fired in (|r defense; and thirty days before Buchanan's fin expired, eight skveholding States had oj- rebelled against the Government, cast off alanec to it and excluded its authority, hauled in its fiag, captured its troops, arms, forts, siiS munitions oi war, assembled a congress at Sntgoiuery, Alabama, adopted a constitution, 'led a Presi dent. prepared to raise armies, arfiganized a confederacy as a foreign and hostilvernraent, all under that Democratic rule whieKy colleague is so anxious to restore, and all don ic leaders! What did Mr. Buehaijfido to pre vent these groat crimes? Nothing What did the Democratic party do to prevent jjb ? Noth ing! What did they propose to <k Nothing! On the other hand, they resisted cjtthing that looked like protecting the public Jperty, and preserving the nation s honor. Sir, so widespread was treason, faithless the President, that all hope was exhatp except the single one that his term would eae before all was lost. Thank God! Abrahamlcoia became President before the cause of thegjioß was to tally ruined, and then the work of jfiio began. My colleague, in a speech of twtjjnrue pages, says not a word in denunciation oa.-se rebel in sults and outrages, nor does he shiany sympa thy with tliose of his neighbors v®- blood has enriched every battle-field in dfc-< of their country, and whose bones arc bef Richmond and Charleston. Gettysburg, Yicklg and Chat tanooga. and whose heroic valor hinotccted his home and mine from threatened fcsaon by his late political friends. Nor has h| charges to make against anybody except otf adness and folly" against the people, ar;d ral against the Government, theQuakcrsand Ahftmists. The rebellion is tenderly mentioned ate ; "ill-yudgcd retteUimi" —no crime in it—no blofe the rebels' hands; only ami stake of'jud&gietjbad guess as to time and result! .Sir, Ido nliink my col league has allowed his good feelin b find expres sion in his speech; but as it was iri to aid in re storing the Democratic rule, its cm and fallacies should be pointed out. My colleague sees no prospect die end. He says "nearly three years of civil wfca ve now dis charged their relentless fury upour unhappy country, and we are yet apparent remote from any satisfactory adjustment of ouliffercnces as when we first flew to arms.'' Sir,broadly deny this extraordinary statement. It the policy of the rebels, and those who sympatic with them to undervalue the results alreatkceomplished, and to discourage the public feelinff the North. Jeff. Davis says the South eanuoe conquered, and my colleague deliberately shutis eves to the astonishing results already attain The rebel-. lion is in its last agonies; immtarngions have been reclaimed, several states are inning to tbeir allegiance, and on every hand tbeis but one in- j dieatioa, and that of the inereasimower of the Union nod the increasing wealujsof the rebel lion. Mv colleague should see th but there is none so blind as he who will note His doc trine as to the true character of \ Government i A a ! , T ci J men hr ?. ck I>f f % genuine iboun mould. .1 i f?? difficulty in a divic allegiance/' and his holds that allegiance to bi the ill equal dog** to the govetniuJit of the State and to tliat of the nation, both p llCeedin f th source—the people ot several States " This doctrine has deluded multitude \ nto treason has undermined the bedcral <: srermueut, brought on this war. and sacrificed th lives of thousands of our people. General Jac tson in his day de nounced it, and warned the country against jt and even Mr. Buchanan, in lis last Annual mW- 1 sage, declared it "to be ineoitistent with the his- , tory as well as the character |>f the Federal Con- \ stitutiun." It means that we have no national Government; that under tip Constitution there is no Union, but only a knoj of States that may be tied or untied at pleasure; that there is no such thing as a citizen of tht United States, and : no national flag to shelter hiip But. Mr. Chairman, the nost cruel feature of my colleague's speech is that which, openly pro claiming his approval of Mr. Buchanan's course, impliedly cen-urcs that of ihe great old patriot whom he and I, once and actio, hut vainly, labor ed to make of tin the United States— General Lewis Cass; whose patriotism and states manship revolted at the truckling policy of Mr. Buchanan, and who. when lis proposition to gar rison the southern forts and maintain possession of the public property wfs refused, promptly tendered his resignation and withdrew from the Cabinet. If Mr. Buchanan's policy was wise, General Cass's was unwise; if .Mr. Buchanan was faithful in his high position. General Cass was mistaken in judgment; if Mr. Buchanan properly met the great dudes of the hour, then General Cass utterly failed to appreciate the diffi culties. But not so. I can never subscribe to ! such a sentence of condemnation against an old friend whom I have long admired; whom I now revere as among the worthiest statesmen the country has ever had. and whose claim to the love and gratitude of posterity rest, in mv judgment, more firmly upon his unshaken fidelity when trca- j son was so general, than even upon his brilliant records of both civil and military service. About j the time he retired from the Cabinet he was filled j with gloom and anguish at the threatening aspect | of public affairs, scs he fully comprehended the I great and growing dangers which threatened the ship of state. His impressive exclamation at the time, in my presence, was: "We are lost, we are destroyed; our great and glorious country will be ; ruined. It might lie sated—it might be saved.— I have tried to save it, but can do no more." — Glorious words! betokening the great heart of a brave, clear, patriotic statesman, who would have saved the country, the public property, mid sub dued the rebellion had n;:been President i-t place" of Mr. Buchanan. As he was not, and the Pre sident would do nothing, he left the Cabinet. — Yet my colleague indorses Mr. Buchanan and his policy; thus implicitly casting censure and biame upon General Cass. I resent the imputation, and appeal with confidence from liis words to the judgment of a ike people, who tcitt be saved des pite the open treachery of Buchanan, or the cov ert treachery of his allies and friends. 1 have,alluded to the fact that rebellion is nota new tliioi.- 'n American history; all remember how prompt Ij Jackson put down one, and Tayior nipped another in the bud. Lincoln i.-is aroused i the loyally and patriotism of the country to sub dpe the,iistand worst; and we who are thus this day ! engaged! are but following the teachings of those departed patriots around whom a united country threw its protecting arms, and upon whose memo ries it continues to lavish its praise. ''The Union: it must, and shall be preserved," v'as the motto of Jackson; it is the lieart-work of Lincoln, lite rebellion of 18"2 was invoked against existing leg islation; this, much less justifiable, and more wicked, was inaugurated in the absence of offen sive legislation, in fact at the moment when all legislation was not only harmless, but harmonious on the late disputed territorial question, when by the confession of the ablest of their leaders, the slaveholders of the South had no cause to justify secession, and when by tlie truth of history, there was no actual grievance whatever. This is most vigorously and clearly presented by the following extract from a speech of Alexander 11. Stevens, delivered in the secession convention of Georgia, in January, 1861: "This stop (of secession) once taken can never he re called; and all the baleful and withering consequences that must follow will rest on the convention for ail coming time. When wo and our posterity shall sec our lovely South desolated by the demon of war, irhith tin* art of your* teill inevitably inrite and cell forth, when cur green field* of waving harvest shall be trodden down by the murderous soldiery and fiery cur of war sweeping over our land, our temples of justice laid in ashes, all the horrors and desolations of war upon us. trio but thi* eom wntioH trill brhrld rerponidble for it? and who but him who shall have given his vote for this unwise and illtimcd measure, as I honestly thiuk and believe, rhnll be hold to strict account for tin'* taticidol art by the present genera tion, and probably cor*rd and execrated by posterity for all cotuitty time, lor the wide and desolating ruin that will inevitably follow this act you now propose to perpetrate. Panne. I entreat you. s ft ]Vl,at right hat the Xor th emailed f What interest of the South has b en invaded ? What justice ha? been denied, and wljat claim founded in justice and'right has been withheld? Can either of yon to-day name one governmental act of wrong, deliberately and purposely done by the Government at Washington, of which the Snuthlia-a right to complain? I challenge the answer. 4 "We have always had the control of the General Gov ernment, and can yet if we remain in it, and use as united as we have been. We have had a majority of the Presi dents chosen from the South, as well as the control and management of niost of those chosen front the North.— Wc have had sixty yearn of southern Presidents tothejr twentv-fonr, thus controlling the Executive Department. So of the judges of the Supreme Court, we have had eighteen from the South, and but eleven from the North: although nearly four-fifths of the judicial business has arisen in the free States, yet a majority of the Court has always been from the South. This we have required, so as to guard against any interpretation of the Constitution unfavorable to us. In like manner wo have been equally watchful to guard our interests in the legislative branch of Government. In choosing the presiding presidents (pro tent.) of the Senate, wc have had twenty-four to their eleven. Speakers of the House, we have 'had twenty three and they twelve. While the majority of tho repre sentatives, from their greater population, have always been from the North, yet we have so generally secured the Speaker, because he, to a greater extent, shapes and controls .the legislation of the country. a * • Attorney Generals, we had fourteen, while the North have had but five. Foreign ministers, we hove had eighty-six, and they hut fifty-four. ® 41 c have had the principal embassies, so p.s to secure tho world marketsforour cotton, tobacco, and sugar, on the best possible terms. Wc have had avast majority of the high er offices of both army and navy, while large proportion of the soldiers and sailors were drawn from the North.— Equally so of clerks, auditors, and comptrollers, filling the Executive Departments. The records show for the last fifty yearslhatof three thousand thus employed, we have had more than two thirds of the same, while we have but one-third of the white population of tho Repub lic. * * * A fraction over three-fourths of thp revenue collected for the support of the Govern ment has uniformly been raised from the North. Pause now while you can, gentlemen, and contemplate carefully and candidly these important items. * * * "For you to attempt to overthrow such a Government as this, under which we have lived for more than three quarters of a century, in which we have gained our wealth. our standing as a natiop, our domestic safety, while the elements of peril are around us, with peace and tranquillity accompanied with unbounded prosperity, and rights unsssailed, ig the height of madnete, folly, and wirk odnem, to which I can neither Lend my sanction nor my vote." Sir, tliin rebellion was a cold-blooded, premedi tated, infamous, attempt of ambitious, desperate, and wicked conspirators to destroy the I nion, overthrow free Government, establish a sectional one over the southern portion of it, and thus prepare the way by European intrigues for an aristocratic or monarchic form on this land of freedom, The man who in the loyal States tol erates, sympathizes with, or fails to cheek this movement, would, in revolutionary times, have been denominated a traitor. The man who halts m his fidelity, who quibbles about this technical! t> or that, who aids the rebels by decrying th< power of the Government to suppress the rebel lion, and by decrying its finances, should be rankcc and despised as an Arnold who would sell hi country. But it said by these sympathizers with treason i-imJl tl f ™ Adn,i! stration and it i wir in! l war exist,. that it is an unholy \V ' 1,1 Aouldbe stopped, find that Mr liu " t " r l acc ', and conciliation, w y * nßhasW ' Qonuot ' U!U1 " these allegation,, fall and torrid ]v J' T'i W! " n l'" rt? intto the future his is upon us p make it here as the war it am iSiiui 0 "? I ' rC " tiro to suppress ]• I . „It is waged for the nnronsn m dissolving the Gi )Vl . ni , tue purpose ol va4 armies whh-li 2??®. , ls enforced by , armies, t m t j ie • rv despotism offhe v.,..,, 1 j, j Ihe great question oi x\. proena this condition W.itdhaalwii reacW°' bat flow t .1,0 back our rebel toes, how treaave. ... , i, +■ spoliation and slaughter, our Suutry ftTa.'/iivi^ion our Government from ri v y '\ presence every other political dutv-'fori * •'.*. minished head," I have. Mr. formly observed that the men who was&fethl\ T orgies in discussing the past, are the least'" WAIW,,," to meet the responsibilities of the prcent,\ai..' rise to the stature which it demands of all loya citizens. Still, sir, I am not willing to let so much of thai part of the charge remain unanswered, as fixes upon the loyal North the responsibility for the war. The imputation is whollv false. *Fhe slave holders mere the aggressors, lliev were stimula ted to the heinous crime by hatred of the pngre." of free communities by jealousies of their rising power, by envy of their great superiority in.every art and pursuit of life, and of the higher civiliza tion which paid, intelligent and free labor lias con ferred upon the free States of the Union. Does any one doubt this ? If so, let him read the de bates in Congress of the last ten years, but espe cially during the sessions of Is 39-00 and 1860-61* debates to which I was compelled to listen, and whieh abounded in the most malignant expressions of hatred, scorn, contempt, and disloyalty, plainly foreshadowing the base revolutionary schemes then lkirlv entered upon, andhurlingdefiardlvat North ern Representatives the vile and untenabledoctrine of the right of secession. One class of northern members, I regret to say, encouraged these decla rations, sympathized with their authors, and abet ted their designs, believing that they saw in them the material of successful political influence. But for this, there wouldhaye been no secession. An other class boldly denounced the falsehoods, resen ted the insults, and hurled back the threats of se cession. declaring that under no circumstances would they consent to a separation of the-*.' States, or permit the mere result of an election to be made the pretext for revolution. Sir, £ firmlv believe that had all the northern members joined in these clear declarations of fidelity to the constitution and the 1 nion. and announced their determination to maintain the existing Government at, all hazards, the secession movement would never have risen to formidable proportions, or cause for serious alarm. But everywhere over the South secession was pro claimed to be a peaceful remedy for alleged griev ances, and it was publicly and constantly proclaim ed that any attempt to coerce the South, would be followed by a division in the North, that blood would flow in northern streets and a civil war among ourselves would render secession sale, certain, and complete. It is too true that many northern Rep resentatives in that critical period, misrepresented their constituencies, fearfully deceived the rebel leaders, and thus covered themselves with a guilt scarcely less deeo and infamous than belongs to Jeff Davis himself and his traitorous cabinet.— While tliis was the position of members on this floor, what was the attitude of Mr. Buchanan and his Administration ? He cowered before the storm. Floyd shared his confidence until he had transferred a large portion of the arms to south ern arsenals, without interference, until arrested in his treasonable attempt to remove the cannon from Allegheny arsenal to pretended forts in Lou isiana, by the determined patriotism and courage of my constituents at Pittsburg, and then resigned because Mr. Buchanan refused to order Major An derson back from Fort Counter to Moultrie, and thereby maintain the promise previously given to South Carolina by Floyd, with Mr. Buchanan's consent, '"that the status of affairs should not IK; disturbed in the harbor of Charleston." Cobb re mained in the cabinet until by his financial man agement the credit of the Government was so low that money could scarcely be borrowed at any rate even to pay the necessary expenses of the Govern ment. and in that time of peace, temporary.loans could not be made except at most exorbitant rates of interest. Thompson, whilst holding a seat in the cabinet, journeyed to North Carolina to aid in switching the old North State out of the Union, and continued to possess himself of cabinet secret s to he transmitted south for the benefit of the reb els. until his sensitive honor could not endure the alleged concealment from him of Mr. Buchanan's tardy effort to provision Fort Sumter. Mean while the President, trembling with fear andover eoine by the threats of rebels, was dragooned first into a modification his last annual message so as openly to abandon the doctrine of coercion, which greatly corrupted northern opinion and contribu ted vastly to southern acceptance of the rebel pro gramme ; and then for weeks, as if struck with paralysis, when it was proposed to do anything in assertion to the rightful and inherent power of the Government to preserve itself— t his weak and timid old man performed a role which ha< covered hie name with infamy, and will forever load it with the nation's contempt. Such is my estimate of the reputation of James Buchanan," (once, I regret to say. known as '"lViinsyivaiiri's favorite sou,") as finally left for the judgment of posterity. General Cass, in his expressions reforr d to be fore, erred in one point,. He miscalculated the extent of the evil done by Mr, Buahannao, and overestimated the influence of his imbecility and treachery upon the loyal masses. Yet at the time, so dark and portentous were the clouds, so gener al was public suspicion, so wide-spread and power ful the conspiracy, that it seemed to be Imping against hope to have any cheerful anticipations when looking into the dark and gloomy future : and it is not,surprising that his patriotic heart was overwhelmed with grief) On every hand the ene my was busy, the Government silent and indiffer ent, bound hand and foot by its Attorney General, who narrowly paring down the power or the Gov ernment toprotect itself, advised the President: '"That the Unionmuat utterly perish at the mo ment when Congress shall "arm one part of the people against another for any purpose beyond that, of merely protecting the General Govern ment in the exercise of its proper constitutional functions." Such was the chosen and delibera ted phraseology within which lurked the fallacious and destructive error that our fathers had con structed a Government without power to preserve itself or inforce its laws, to assert its unquestioned and inherit rights, to suppress insurrection, and save its own existence from active apd armed treason ; and in rnv opinion, Mr. Chairman, to the enunciation of this legal opinion, more than any other cause, are we indebted for the open out break of war. When, however, the over apt was Ci'icmitted, iiie long iinccndine blow struck, the dignity of the Government in-ulted. its rights in vaded, its power defied, and the stars and stripes fired upon in Charleston harbor, the patriotism of the people, long dormant. d by some suppo -cd to be extinct* was electrified into lite with the - 37, ZYo. 10. power of a giant. their instincts snipped off the wretched sophistries of the ex-Attorney General ! 01 10 l' e 1 I,le mU ' turning 'A™. U sense ot shame, injustice, and wrong iieii timid and faithless conned* had too lone inv". an '' 1 '<? cry of stern judgment nuoa the traits ors rang throughout the land. The fnion i.W ; ted against, and deemed net worth preservin* or not capable of preservation. at onci asserted' *>! W " Sfroi theSJdkft fc I>laU,t ' an . d the <= - v l"'dicrus 0 f and its false friend? e^S ot scorn and contempt J sentence (from their grasp. gradually til™ J^T 1 !' 1 , nv r I back, their T\ H"* ! ble firees const® tn ?- lr *•**■' I elements rapidly increasing 8 rSiftl,l thevr original structure IfT , 1 h ' "" of j military despotism hasheSeStrwl^^ 1 ously strikes down > • "• Yigor ■ ilege, which has broken* R#r a, *s P" Y ~ the people has practkadlv JJJ322f So iSJ I currency, hjw conscripted the itlre - lr ° . population, and their officera 2f g NU not witling ..Ley ihcir^n^? ™a;nV, ! t ;"' ' j 1 " a w °td, has erected a military of w.'irid C'wer ( '"^f ratcJ a " d JWow the enemies. ..j,i i"h are. as f believe our surttpuTbu-..+•*, 'j } ; has everl>een never unjimiiUpi'" ( j r; fhts, and ha* exerciseusuihmuvi- Tu \V''; mther. Norman ever Lincoln, none more iUiV? ,rt eaut, - wu siy than Mr. •ibdiy than lie will. """P *>(•<! it more ustiiy. Tli y who dei,u U !']' !c "cres. may vnow little of his high '' j'' !l "aurper, mrd but little that s ?' r-"d re nin the pole-star of dutv. andwhe-K v, l * ,T lth oudly for his re-election.' Memnrhile thT cads h© tied financial management, of the ♦!?* Treasury, our Government loans are'taken' wbfe lagerness. the taxes are paid with proiuptJLS hcertuincss, the army la being filled In JUnE? nentn the heart and voice of the nation is rally ins aore closely and bravely growl the \dniin str -ioii—insuring us against triumphs of our ikes in he field, r our political locs at home. Sir. apmnesfc he people of my district there are few, verv few ,vho m not faithful to the nation in this' meat ■runs ot its need, ihe detection there as elsewhere s confined to extreme pro-slavery men. who up told it not only tor its own sake, hut as a means >t acnennng j artiziui success, ii, shameless (fare ?ard of their KOiemnduties to the country Vhhv should slavery be upheld? It deserves no such are. It has long divided, distracted, aud troub -d U s * .it was from tho beginning, and La gone in ever-mcreasingly to distract ami embroil in It has been, and is the great bone of contention >\ er wine, iat last, we have come to blows To aye it, is to perpetuate this discord. To destroy tis to secure the present, and make peaceful and donousthe future But it cannot lie destroyed iy proclamations alone ; the power of law should >e invoked to make rhe destruction complete in diameter, and perfect, in extent. It mast be writ en Hit fie constitution t/mtalaven, s} w ll M .nst in any American State. Then and only* then nay we sing the reouiem of slavery. At sent wounded, deeply wounded, bv ihe blow s that ivere given by its own friends, ft bleeds, bur its wounds may be staunched, unless bv a staggering ■(low the people utterly destroy it, by force of pu£ ic and unchangeable law. 1 he principle of slavery is the inspiration of the rebellion, and it- is yet so held and defended bv the irgans ot public sentiment in the rebellious States [quote one declaration ; "So ir from believing .hat davery must die says the Richmond if/,,,,, we have he.d the opmiou that it is the nor 1. and on J- v humane relation which labor can sus tain towards capital. When the war is over, wo diau urge that every d ankec who ventures to nut :oot on southern soil be made a ,slave for life and vearan iron miliar as a badge of inferiority to the Vfncan, Slavery will stab iisclt p> about he time the. \ anltees learn to tell tho truth, and io sooner. ttr, there is no safety for liberty on this conti lent, or for free labor, without the suppression of he retielhnn and the extirpation of the siestilent ins toe racy of opinion which sustains it, iin d tlie •ompietc conformation of our institutions to the nnneples of the Declaration of Independence I pity, w hilj I despise the man in the loyal \ortli who sympathizes with this rebellion, fbr it is bas , . u pP the narrowest tind piost exclusive ideas : t is turned as a blow at the doctrines which under lie our whom .system of republican liberty*, and if mceessfuht is trended to be the lever by which European systems are to be introduced nn d ished upon this free eontitn nr. and by which -.he whom current of events, which tlius far has ended to the amelioration ofbuuian suffering and Lheextension ot human rights, shail be reversed md becojne assimilated to the mo-tarchial ad ar ristocratm systems of Europe, The man who is -"gaged, in this work mtpulilic enemy*; the man who is in this heme of liberty aids and abets tnm, deeeryes the execration of mankind. But the object oftho.se struggling for political power, under this view of the case, can nWer be Accomplished, because the Urfion cannot and will not be restored except through the successful prosecution of the war. The rebels remain or pretend to be sanguine of success. J fiey an: bold, daring, and impracticable: they propose no terms ot negotiation, and ?U to none except with the faudaincntal condition that tins tiovemment recognize their independ ence. This done, they will then treat coiu i ining the navigation of the Mississippi, intern;,rional trade, the return of fugitive slaves, and the thou s'.uu and one qnestimi* that would arise letween citizens of the contiguous governments, Who is prepared for this ? None. I trust, although thu ' { ,ted by gentlemen on the pthtr side of the House leads in vans lily to this listpt.— The amnesty proclamation of the President has gone forph ; let tlip power of the army and the vig orous prosecution of the war ibilow, until the reb els are subdued and plead for terms. Thfre is no other hone for any one of us, or for any interest outside of this. I have no special anxieties aliout the reconstruction and the ciucstioiis which will arise out of it I lielieve the President has skii . 'illy escaped the difficulties surrounding the prob lem ; and I believe that the people of the ,South, removed fVmn the pressure of the military power of the rebels, and anxious to escape the tv rannical exactions which havp been laid upon them will rally around the old flag, and under the inspi ration of the great lessen that has been taught, will reconstruct, their State Governments, resume their rehtrions with the General Government, and make those relations stable apd secure by abolish ing slavery, the cause of ail the evil. Already f, r l ennessee, Arkansas, Missouri, and Louisiana are treading in that direction. Alabama also shows signs of wheeling into line. The ot hers of our "er ring sisters," recjt * med and dl'enthralled, will in due order of progression follow, until finallv we have a union of reeonstruotod States, without a blemish or deformity, and every star restored to jpore than its former brightness and glorv. W hat is to prevent this result? and whv should it not be attained speedily ? While fsouthein conscription has dragooned into the nrmy not only the able-bodied men of proper age. but" old mm a pd boys have not been spared, and they have thug" t on tot nd ; ngt. j
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