•T.e new minister shall have had time to inves- (
tigafe the justice of our demands.
Even what have been denominated "the
Cuban cleiais," iu which more than a hundred
of our citizens are direetly interested, have
furnished no exception. These claims were
for the refunding of duties unjustly exacted ■
from American vessels at different custom f
houses in Cuba, so long ago as the year 1844. !
The principles upon which they rest are so |
manifestly equitable and jn*t, that after ape
tiod of nearly ton years, iu 1854, they weie :
recognized by the Spanish government. Pro- .
cccdings were afterwards instituted to ascertain I
their amount, and this was finally fixed accord
ing to their own statement (with which wo were !
satisfied) at the sum of one huuered aud tweu- i
ly-erght thousand six hundred and thirty-five !
dollars and fifty-four cent*. Just at (lie mo- i
Hent, after a delay of fourteen years, when we :
had rea*on t expect tbat this sum would be re
paid with interest, we have received a proposal
offering to refund one-third ol that amount, ;
(forty-two thousand eight hundred and seventy- !
eight dollars and forty-one cents,) hut without
interest, if wo would accept this in full satis
faction. The offer is also acotnpanicd by a de
claration that this indemnification is not foun
ded oti any reason of strict justice, hut is made |
as a special favor.
Ou s alleged cause for proerostiuaiiou iu the j
examination aud adjustment of our claims,
arises from an obstacle which it ii tLc duty of
tho Spanish government to remove. Whilst j
the captain-geueial of Cuba is invested with
general despotic authority in the government J
of that island, the power i* withheld from him j
to examine and redress wrongs committed by !
officials oil ier hi- control, on citizens of the U. I
States. Instead of miking our complaints j
directly to him at Havana, we are obliged to ;
present them through our minister at Madrid. !
These are then referred back to the captain- !
general for information ; and much time is thus I
consumed iu preliminary investigation and cor
respondence between Madrid aud Cuba, and
before the Sptoish government will consent to
procred to negotiation. Many of tho difficul
ties between the two governments would be
obviated, and a long train of negotiation avoid
ed, if the captain gcucral were invested wi'b j
authority to settle questions of easy solution :
ou the spot, where all the facts are fresh, and ;
could be promptly au l satisfactoriully ascer
tained. We have'hitherto in vain urged upou j
the Spanish government to confer this power
upon tho captain-general, and our minister to !
Spain will again be instructed to uTge this sub- '
ject on their notice. In this respect, wo occu- 1
py a different position from the powers of 1
Europe. Cuba is almost within sight of our
shores; our commerce with it is far greater I
than that of any other nation, including Spain
itself, aud our citizens are in habits of Ja.ilv 1
and extended persona! intercourse wi'b every
part of the island. Ir is, therefore, a great
grievance that, when any difficulty occurs, no
muter how uuimportant,which might be readily
settled at the moment, wc* should be obliged to !
resort to Madrid, especially when tbe very first
step to be taken there is to refer it back to
< 'uba.
The trti<h is th it t'ubi, iu it* existing colo
nial condition, is a coustaut source ot injury \
mid annoyance to the American people. It i*
the only spot in the civilized world where the
African slave trade ii tolerated ; au l we are
bound by treaty with Great. Britain, to maintain
a HXV.II force on tho oast of Africa, at unich
expense bath of life and treasure, solely for
ihe purpose <>t arresting slivers bound to that
island. The late seriou* difficulties between |
the hnite I States and Groat Britain, respecting
the right of search, u >w so happily terminated,
could never have arisen if Cuba had not afford
ed a mirkol for slaves. As long as this nnr
kot :>h ill remain open, there can be no hope for
the civilizitiou of benighted Africa. Whilst
the demand for slave* continues in thihj, wars
will be waged among the petty and barbarous
chiefs in Africa, for the purpose of seizing
subjects to supply this trade. In such a con
dition jf affairs, it is impossible that the l'gbt
of civilizition an i religion can ever penetrate
those dark abode*.
It has been nude known to tbe world by my
predecessor* that the United t-utcs have, on
several occasions, en leavorel to acquire Cuba
from Spiin by honorable negotiation, if this
were accomplished, the last robe of the Atrioan
slave trade would instantly disappear. We
would not, if could, acquire Cuba in any other
iinnner. This is due to our national character.
All the territory which we have acquired since
the origin of the government, has been by fair
purchase from France, Spain and Mexico, or by
tbe frca and voluntary act of the independent
State of Texas, in blending hr destinies with
our own. fhe course we shall ever pursue,
unless circumstances should occur, which we
do not o.aw anticipate, rendering a departure
from it cleat iy justifiable, under the imperative
aud overruling law of self-preservation.
The Island of Cuba, from it* geographical
position, eonim uids die month of the Mississippi,
and the immense and aninully increasing trade,
foreign and coastwise, from the valley of that
noble river, now embrace half the sovereign
States of the Union. With that island uuder
liie dommioi) of adUtmt foreign power, this
trade, of vital importance to these State*, is
exposed to the danger of being destroyed in
time of wir, and it has hiiherto been subjected
to perpetual injury and annoyance in time of
peace. Our relation* with Spain, which ought
to be of the most friendly character, must al
ways be placed in jeopardy while the existing
colonial government over the I*land shall re
main in it* present condition.
Whilst tho possession of the is!uud would be
of vast importance to tho [Jailed States, its
v due to Spain is, comparatively, uuimport int.
Sueu wis the relative situation of the parties,
when the great N ipoleon transferred Louisiana
to iho United State*. Jealous, as lie ever was,
of the nation.l honor and interests of France,
DO person throughout the world has imputed
biauic to him for accepting a pecuniary tquiva-
Jeni. for this cession.
The publicity whieb has becD given to our
former negotiations upon this subject, and tho
largo appropriation which uuy be required to
effect the purpose, render it expedient, befoie
miking another attempt t> renew the ncgoiia
t on, that 1 shoal 1 lay th: whole yihject be
fore Congress. This te especially necessary,
as it may become indispensable to success that
I<*hould be eutr.i*tod with the means of miking
a i advance to tin? Spanish government im
mediately afies tho signing of the I rooty T with
oat aw iting the ratification of it by the reunite.
Lam encouraged to link.) tWis suggestion, by
the exuntpl •. ot Mr. th fFvwn previous ;u (tic
j*ircbise of Louisiana fitcn France, an 1 by
tbat of Mr. Polk in view of the acquisition of j
territory froui Mexico. I refer tho whole uli- !
ject 10 the Congress, and eommrnd it to their
careful consideration.
1 lepeat the recommendation made in my
message of December last, in favor of un ap- 1
proprialion u io be paid to the Spanish govern- '
meut for the purpose of distribution among the :
claimants in tbo Amistad case."' President
Polk first made a similar recommendation in
December, 1847, and it was repeated by mv
immediate predecessor in December, 1853.
1 entertain no dou A tbat indemnity is fairly
due to these claimants under our treaty with
Spain, of the 27th October, 1795; ami whilst
demanding justice we ought to do justice.—
Au appropriation, promptly made, for this pur
pose could not fail to exeit a favorable influ
ence on our negotiations with Spain.
Our position in relation to the independent
States south of us on this continent, uud es
pecially those within toe limits oi Nj-tb '
America, is of a peculiar eaaracier. The
northern boundary of Mexico is coincident wi h
oui own sotiihorn boundary from ocean to ocean,
and we must necessarily feel a deep interest iu
all that concerns the well being sod the fate of
so near a neighbor. We luvualways cherish
ed the kiudeit wishes for the suecess of that
republic, and have indulged the hope that it
might at after all its trial*, enjoy peace
and prosperity under a free and .-table govern
ment. Wc have never hitherto iulerforod, di
rectly or indirectly, with its internal affairs,
and it is a duty winch we owe to ourselves to
protect ttic mtegrity of i's territory, against
the hostile interference of any other power. —
Our geographical position, our direct interest
in all that concerns Mexico, and our well-set
tled policy in regard to the North American
continent, render this au indispensable duty.
Mexico has been iu a state of eonstaut rev
olution almost ever since it achieved i's iude
pcudeuee. One military leader after another ,
has usurped the government in rapid sucees- ]
sion, and the various constitutions from time to j
tunc adopted have been set at naught almost a
soon as they were proclaimed. The su:cc.-sivc
goveirnncuts have afforded no sdeqnate pro
tection, either to Mexican citrons or foreign
residents, against lawless violence. Hereto
fore, a seizure of the capital by a military chief
tain Ims been generally followed by at least the
nominal submission of the country to his rule
for a brief period, hut not so at the present
crisis of Mexiuau uffiirs. A civil war has
beeu raging for some time throughout the re
public, between the central government at the
city of Mexico, which has eudeavoied to sub
vert the constitution last framed, by military
power, and those who maintain* the authority of
that constitution. The antagonist parties each
hold possession of different States of the re
public, and the fortunes of the war are con
stantly changing. Meanwhile, the most repre
hensible means have been employed by both
parties to extort money from foreigners, as well
as natives, to carry or. ibis ruinous contest.—
The truth is that this line country, blessed with
a productive soil an i a benign climate, lias been
reduced, by civil dissension, to a condition of
almost hopeb'ss anarchy and imbecility. It
would be vain for this government to attempt I
to enforce payment in money of the claims of
American citizens, now amounting to more tlriu
leu millions of doll its, against Mexico, because
she is destitute of all pecuniary means to satisfy
these demand*.
Our late minister was furnished with ample
powers and instructions fur the adjustment of
all pending questions with the central govern
ment of Mexico, aul he performed bis duty with
zeal and ability. Tins claims of our citizens,
some of tlietu arising out of the violation of
an expre-s provision of the treaty of Guada
lupe llidalgo, and others from gross injuries to
persons as well as property, have r- ni lined un
redressed and even unnoticed, Iteuionstr uioes
against these grievances have been addressed,
without effect, to that government. Meantime,
in various parts of the republic, instances hive
been numerous of tiic murder, imprisonment*
and plunder of <>ur citizens, by different par
ties claiming aud exercising a local jurisdiction;
but the central government, although repeated
ly urged thereto, have made no effort ctthei to
punish the authors of these outrages or to pre
vent their recurrence. No American citizens
cm now vi*it Mexico on lawful busimss, with
out imminent danger to hi- person and properly.
There is no adequate protection to cither ; and
iu this respect our treaty with that republic is
almost a dead letter
This state of affairs was brought to a crisis
ir. May last, by the promulgation of a decteo
levying a contribution pro rata upon all the
capital in the republic, between certuin speci
fied amounts, whether held by Mexicans or
foreigners. Mr. Forsyth, regarding this decree
in the light of a "forced loan," formally pro
tested against its application to his countrymen,
aud advised lueui not to pay tho contribution,
but to suffer it to be forcibly exacted. Acting
upon this advice, un American citizen refused
IO pay the contribution, aud his property was
seized by armed men to satisfy the muouut.—
iSot oouteut with this, the government proceed
ed still further, and issued a decree banishing
him from the country. Our minister immedi
i ateiy notified them that, if this decree should
be carried into execution, he would feel it to he
his duty to adopt "the most decided measures
thai belong to ihe powers and obligations of tbe
representative office." Notwithstanding this
warning, the bauisisuieot was enforced, aud Mr.
Forsyth prumply announced to the govern merit
ibe suspension of tho political relations of his
legatiou with them, uutil ibe pleasure of his own
government should be ascertained.
This government did not regard the contri
bution imposed by the decree of the 15th of
May last, to. be iu strictness a "forced loan,"
uud, as such, prohibited, by the tenth article of
ttie treaty of 1826 between Great Britain and
Mexico, to the beuetits of which American citi
zens are entitled by treaty; yet the imposition
ot the contribution upou foreigners was con
sidered au unjust and oppressive measure. Be
sides, luternal factions iu other parts of the re
public, were at the same time levying similar
i exactions upou the property of our citizens, and
1 interrupting their commerce. There had been
au cut tie failure, on the part of our minister,
to secuie redress for tho vrrougs which our citi
zens had eudmt.d, not withstanding his perse*
venug efforts. Aud from the temper innut
| tested by the Mexican govurnuieut, lie had re
! peatcdly assured us that no favorable change
| could bo expected, uutil tbe United States
i should "give striking evidence of their will aud
\ power to protect their citizens," and that "se
vere chastening is the ouly eirthty remedy for
' our grievances.' 1 From this statement of facts,
, u would have beeu worse thm uiie to direct
BSBFOEB MMMM.
I iMr. Forsyth to retrace his steps and resume ,
diplomatic relations with that government: and :
it was therefore deemed proper to sanction his
withdrawal of the legation frotu the city ol
' Mexico.
Abundaut, cause now undoubtedly exists,
for a resort to hostilities against the guvevtt
; tnent still holding possession of the capital
' Should they succeed iu subduing the constitu
tional forces, all reasonable hope will then have
expired of a peaceful settlement of our diffioul
; tics.
On the other hand, should the constitutional
party prevail, and the authority bo established
I over the republic, there is reason to hope that
j they will be animated by a lcss # unfrienldy spirit
aud may grant that redress to Ametican ctti
-1 zens which justice requite*, si far as they may
possess the means. But fur tins expectation, 1
1 should at once have recomutendcd to Uougrcss
| to grant the necessary power to the President
to take pussc.sfion of a sufficient portion of the
remote aud unsettled territory of Mexico, lobe
held in pledge until our injuries shail he re
dressed. and our just demands he satisfied.—
We have already exhausted every nniVßMkeans
of obtaining justice. In such a case, this rem
i edy of reprisals is recognized by the law ot na
tions, not only as jost iu itself, lut-us a means
of preventing actual war.
But there is another view of our relations
with Mexico, arising front the uunappy condi
tion of aifairs along our southwestern frontier,
which demands immediate action. In that re
mote region, where litete are but few white in
i habitants, largo bauds ui hostile and predatory
; iiidiucts roam promiscuously over the Mexican
1 States of Chihuahua and Sonora, and uur ad
i joining ten itories. The local governments of
i tbeso States tire perfectly helpless, aud are kept
' :u a httte of constant alarm by the Indians.—
I They have not the power, if they possessed the
| will, even to restrain lawless Mexicans from
; passing the border and conimittiug depredations
lon our remote settlers. A state of autarchy
| and violence prevails throughout that diatuui
| frontier. The laws are a dead le'.ter, an 1 life
| and property sre wholly insecure Fur this
rcaou the settlement of Arizona is rrrested,
whilst it is of great importance that a chaiu of
inhabitants should ex'eud all along iis southern
border, sufficient for their ~wn protection aud
1 that of tltc Uuited Stales mail passing to and
! Iron. California. Well-founded appioheu-iuus
I arc now entertained, that the Indians, and
| wandering Mexicans, equilly lawless, may break
| up the important s'agc and postal coamiuoica
j tion recently established between ou/*' Atlantic
arid Pacific possession}. Tit s u i--.es very near
J to the Mexican boundary throughout the whoie
length of Arizona. 1 can imagine r.o poo-ible
| remedy for these evils and no mode of restor
ing law and otuet ou that remote and un-ut
! tied fruitier but for Ihe government of the
i United States to ae-ume a temporary proteeto
[ rate over the northern portions of (Jtiihuuhui
i and Sonora, and to establish military posts wi;h
--! in the iautu —and this I earnestly recctutuend to
| Congress. This protection m y to withdrawn
' as soon as loc>! governments .-hill be est.ib
lished in tnese Mexican ot-> . > capable of per
forming their dn'.its to titc United States, re-
I straining the lawless ..nu preserving peace along
tho border.
Ido not doubt that this measure will be
j viewed iu a friendly spirit by the governments
and people of Chihuahua and Sunora, as it will
( prove equally effectual for ttie protection of
their ciiizcus en that remote and lawless frou-
I tier, as fur citiz ns of the United .States.
Aud iu this cau&eetiou, peratii mo to recall
your attention to the condition of Arizona.—
The population of that territory, numbering as,
is alleged, more than ton thou.-.iud soul-, are
practically without a government, without laws,
aud without any regular administration of jus
tice. Murder and other crimes are committed
with impunity. Titis state of things calls
. loudly for redress; and 1 therefore repeat my
j recommendation for the establishment of a ler
; ritutiil government over Arizona.
The political condition of the narrow isth
mus of Central America, through which tran
sit routes pass between ihe Atlantic and Pa
ciGc oceans, presents a subjict of deep inter
est to ail commercial nations, it. U over these
iran-its that a large proportion of the iiade
I and travel between the iOuropcau ami Asiatic
continents is ;k-Mined to pass. To the United
Slates tnesu tuatcs ir : ot tucaicuiahle import
j ance, as a means of coumianieatioß between
tiicit Atlantic and Pacific possessions, lite
latter now extend throughout scventeiu de
grees of latitude on the Pacific coast, cmbra
j cing tltc important. fSiato of California and tiio
flourishing territories of Oregon and Washing
iugton. All couimercial nations, therefore,
j have i deep and direct iuterosf, thai these
, comuiuuications shall Le reudered secure from
I interruption. It aa arm of tho sea, cutitt. cl
ing the two oceans, penetrated tiirouglt Nica
; rngua and Oo'ita iiica, it could not be pretend
ed that these Slates would have the tight to
arrest or retard its navigation, to the injury of
other nations. The trausit by land over this
narrow isthmus occupies nearly the same posi
tion. It is a highway in which they them
selves have little interest, whea compared with
the vast interests of :ho rest of the world.—
| Whilst their rights of sovereignty ought to bo
| respected, it is tbe duty of other nations to re
quire that (his important passage shall uot be
i iiitcuuptcd by the civil wars and revolutionary
outbreaks which have so Irequcutly occurred
in that region. The stake is too important to
be left at the mercy of rival compauie-, claim
ing to hold conflicting contracts with Nicara
, gua. The commerce of other natious is uot to
; staud still and aw dt the adjustment of such
j petty controversies. The government of the
, United iStitcs expect uo more thau this, aud
| they will uot be satisfied with less. They
! would not, if they cyuld, derive any advantage
I fiuui the Nicaragua transit, not common to tbo
i rest of the world. Its neutrality and protec
| tion, for tho common use of ail nations, is their
| only object. Tbcy have no objection that Nic
; aragua shu'l demand and receive a fair coui
i peusatiou, from the companies and individuals
; who may traverse the route; but they insist
I that it shall never hereafter be closed by au
arbitrary docree of that government. If dis
putes arise betweeu it and those with whom
they may have entered into contracts, these
must be adjusted by some fair tribunal provi
: ded fur the purpose, aud the route must uot be
closed pending tbo controversy. This is our
whole policy, and it ca> .1 .ail to be accepta
ble to other uations.
All these difficulties might be avoided, if,
consistently with tho good faith of Nicaragua,
I the use of this transit could be thrown open to
. genera! competition; providing at the same
time for tiio ptymei.it of a reasonable rate to
the Nicaraguan government, on passengers ci.u
freight,
lti August, 1852, Ibe Accessory Transit
Company made ita fiv.-t internee, rite trip over
the Nicaragua toutc, ami cont inucil in success"
ful operation, with gtcat advantage to tl.e public,
until tbe 1 Sth February, 1856, win nic was
cloned, and the grant to 11>is mnpany, a- well
as its charter, wote sitinui.irily ami arbitrarily
[evoked by the guvcruuuiu ot Frtstdeitl Ri
vas. Previous to tliis dale, however, in 1854,
serious disputes concerning the settlement of
4heir accounts had arisen between the company
aud the government, litreatenit g the interrup
tion of the route at any moment. These the
United States in vain endeavored to compose.
It would be useless to nutate the various pro
ceedings which took place between the patties,
up to the time when the lean-it was di confin
ed. suffice it tu say that since Febtuary,lßsG.
it Las remained closed, greatly to tie prejudice
of citizens of the United States, ciiice that
time, the competition lias ceased tctwecti the
rival routes of I'anauta and Nicaragua,. and, in
consequence thereof, an unjust and unreasona
ble amount has been exacted from our citizens
for thcil passage to and froui California.
A treaty signed on the 10th day of No
vember, 1807, by the .Secretary of S ate and
Minister of Nicaragua, under t.c stij ulitionn
which the u.>e aud pi election of the transit
route would have been secured, not only to the
United Suites, but equally to all other uatiolt*.
Mow aud on what} this treaty uas fail
ed to receive the rutifi ration of tires Nicaragua)
government will appear by the papers hciewtth
communicated from the Ft ate Ptpai lutcn!.—
The priucipal objection seems .o have been, to
the provision auibotizing 'he I nited S. aes !o
employ fotce to keep the route t pen, in rase
Nicaragua should fail to pet-firm l.er duty in
this respect.
From the feellem ss of tliut republic, it., fro- i
q-unt changes of government, au i its constant ■
in tonal dissent ious, this had become a mo-t !
important stipulation, and rite essentially ne- j
eessary, not only for the security of the route, |
hut for the safety of American citizens passing •
aud repassing to and front our Pacific posses- |
sious. Were such a stipulation embraced in a I
iienty between the Uuitcd States an ! N'ioara- I
gua, the knowledge of this fact would of itself j
most probably prevent hostile parties ftum i
committing uggtessions ou tfic route, and ten
dor our actual interference for i's } rotec ioti
unnecessary.
The ex. cutivu government of this country, !
in its intercourse witii foreign nations, is limited ,
to the employ incut of diplomacy alone. \\ hen i
this tails, it can proceed uo further. It catm.it
legitimately ro.-oit to force, williout tlio direct
autboiit v ( i Congress, except ui resisting and
repelling hostile attack-, it would h.vcnoi
authority to enter the territories of Nicutagua, |
even to prevent the destruction of tire transit, i
and ptotect the lives and property of our own
citizens on their passage. It is true, that ou a
sud.leu emergency < i this character, he Pres
ident would direct any armed force in the vi- |
ci.iify to uitreh to their relief; hut in doing
this he would act upon his own respousibil
ity.
Under these circumstances, I earnestly tcc
oinuieud to Congiess the passage of an act au
thoriziug the President, vnder such restrictions
as they may deem proper, to rmpiby 1 the hud
and naval forces ot the United States in pre
venting the transit troiii being obstructed or
closed by iawioss violence, and i.i protecting
the lives and property of American citizens
travelling thereupon, requiring at the sain
time that these forcer shall be withdrawn the
moment tu danger shall have passed away.— -
Without such a provision, our citizens will be
constantly exposed to interruption in their pio- j
gress, and to lawless violence.
A similar necessity cxi-ts for the passage of
.-licit an aet, for the protection of the Panama 1
and Tehuantcpee routes.
lti reference to the Panama route, the Uni
ted States, by their existing tieatv with N"..w
Granada, expressly guarantee the neutrality of
the Isthmus, "with lite view that the free trau- !
sit from the one to the other sea may not be !
interrupted or . tubarasscd in any'future time !
while this treaty ixists."
(Concluded next week.) #
TUB FI.ECIION IN NEW YORK.—The chat-i
tor election in New York on Tuesday resu.ted i
in the substantial defeat of both wings of the j
Democracy. The chief contest was for Comp
troller, aud the vote stood:—Haws, Rep. and
American, 32 ; 8f'0- Purser, T-uniit-jny J' m.,
18,0414; Russell, Anti-Tauiwiny D. ttt , 11,-j
916 llaws over Purser aud Russell, 2,-
835. Brueninghausen, R"p., and Lyuch, Au
ti-Tatn:uany Item , probably, are elected Aims
house Governors. Tlie Herald sums up. tl t
general result as follows:
1 The (Jomptrollcship. The Republicans
hive gained that.
2. The light between the Stehomsof Old
Tammany and the Wood party. The Sachems
have saved their bacon by the skin of their
teeth, but the glory of Old Tatntuary derart
; ed in the struggle.
o. Tltc contest i:t the election of school of
ficers for the Bible in the public schools. The
result is largely in favor of the Bible.
I he Tribune say-:
There is little reason to doubt that if, instead i
of put ting up contractors and lobby agents, '
the Democratic patty had selected as its candi- j
dates men of tiubleinislied character aud inuis
' potable capacity, lltey would have been elected,
i Tbe Republicans are now successful because
they had copjmitted their cause to wonliy rep
! rrscntatives. Their victory is not so much the
! victory of a party as of public virtue and pub
! lie decency, it is this which gives it value
| far beyond that of any mere party advantage.
THRIVING GERMAN SETTLEMENT IN TEXAS.
I —A letter in the New York Herald, dated
I Fort (Mark, Texas, thus refers to a thriving
| German settlem°nt:
Some thirty miles front San Antonio is loca
ted the flourishing German villago of New
Braumfcls, an oasis of thrift and industry
' amidst a desert of genuiao Texian ia
ziness. The main street of tho village i.s very
wide, and litted on either side by neat painted
cottages, with tasty grass plots .ud flower gar
• dens in frout. Here you find an excellent ho
tel, a bakery, some flue stores, and no less than
I ten wagou factories. These Gorman BcttJe
! ruonts .abound m educated men—Hungarian-,
Poles, cud even Ausiriius, rivaling the Ucr
; usans themselves in education and refinement
I —all, or nearly all, exiles from tho fatherland,
|on account of their political opinions. Ac I
have remarked in a previous letter, these Gor
-1 mans ate doing for Texas a great work of eiv
ilizali' ii, gradually convincing tlio people of
llust Stun- dm iuUuetiy s>nti cuotiomy curry
wealth and prosperity along with thcni, >;d
form the sure foundation of a powerful and in
fluential community.
BKDFOH!) ! XUITJHEH
BEDFG?.D, Fa.
I'ridtiy Jfoinfi.p. DEC It IHZH
"r i> \HLL.M* \m FREE. 7 '
I. OYlflS.--(editor and Ptoprlelor.
CLOSE OF run VOLUME.— The ninth volume
uf this piper, nuder our coutro!, will be conelc
ded <n the 24ih if IX comber, in*t.,3ud ■ m
one commenced on the 31 t. The mo.- t f -t:'f
scribers' Fuhseripiious commence < u the 3lst,
and !o entitle them to receive the paper at §l.-
50, they must pay up old scores, and in advance,
or §2-00 will he charged, after thatduv. Titis ;
is as important to our patrons as it is as, and
vv: liope tiny wiiiattend to it.
THE l UiiFF OF 1857.
In the hist Gaz tte, is slang article attempt- j
ing to fasten the pirsaj.* of the T-uiff of 1557 '
on the opposition party, • ;1 also charging .the
present hard times ?<_> the operations of hit j
law.
Y\'c have .o often pro'ed th ,> jalttiy of iLcsc j
asst i M-ns tliat we scarce'} deem them worthy
of art further rt'utatiu . We have shown
•hat oil the iu:.iibor? of the House that voted
against the T. riff of 1857, were Americans j
.••rid Republicans, except bare one .' We have j
shown that a l uge majority of tin so who did |
vote ft rit were Locofoco>! We hive shown
that the Piisident wis a Locofpcn. We have j
shown that the Semite was Locofuco by two
thirds! We have shown that the House was
divided, neither fa'y having a majority, and
neither party beirg a Lie to elect their spc-kei i
by a moj-ui y of v >te >! \Y e have shown fiom
ti.is that the opposition we to net iu power and :
Could not pass any law! Mr. Wilson is only
an iudividu-1 member ef the party, and his
views are not the views of the party, any more j
ihao Asa Rackcr, Lc euly Loeofoeo whe voted
:-L T ainst it, is 1 r sscd the views of his paiiy! —
There are alv.a• s one <r mere black sheep in a
flo-.k. Our party ate almost unanimous for
protection, a.} we are the [rejection party, and
-Senator Wilson, or anybody else, it ihty be
ioug to - or j.arty "II aOCOiint of Ceitaiii o'.liei
great and important principles, cauisut commit
us against protection! D.ff reuees of opinions
sometimes f xis t even among great political lead
ers, a notable- example of which will he seen
on reading the lust message of Mr. Buchanan,
and the i.st Report of I.is Secre ary or the
Treasury, .Mr. Uobb. Mr. liucLaiiau recoui
mends specific duties, Cobb recommends the
ttd valorum system, one as different trout the
other ::s day is fuuii night. Mr. (Jubb is a '
Southern'.-r, a mrinter of Buchauan s Cabinet,
and a leader uf the Southern party, and Bticii
an iii tolerates the differing in opinion iu his
S.c.etniy while ho attempts to force out or" the
piarty Mr. Douglas, for ditf ring on another
question to a not greater ex'eDt! But such i>
Buchanan, Lecooiptou, pro-slivcry, free-trade
Lovofocoism' Enough, however, ou this pjint.
The Tariff of 1857 was not the cause of the
present hard times. \i e must go farther Licit
to tlio Tariff of 1846. The net of 1857 was
pissed in the spring,'ind the (t ts/i cam: in Sep
tember of the same year. It had not been lung
ere ugh in operation for its provisions to be
fait until '.lie crisis occurred! Certainly the
contemptible hang-dug viliian who pcuncd tho
article in the 'iLzHto will tut object to the au
thority by which we prove tbisfae'. Mr. Buch
anan, in his last Mt-ss ;ge, says as follows in
regard to i'. :
No government, ami i-speehiily a govtmuieut
of such e-i pomr* as that of tuo United '
States, eoui 1 have prevented the l.to revu-sion.
The whole commercial world seemed for \- irs
to have been rushing to tins catastrophe. Ttie
same ruinous consnjueace would hive follow d
iu the I uiteel States, whether ilia duties upon
foreign imports had ivinsined us .hev were un
der the tariff of 1846, or had been raised to a
much higher standard. The Tutij) of
1857 hud n'j i r-ncy in the r s At. The gene
ral nuuse exiatiug itirougliout the world, could
not have been controlled by the legi-lilure of
any particular coutitiy.
Tho history of the country proves, Mr. Buch
anan's assertion 'o the contrary notwithstanding
that under every protec-.ive Tariff, tiiucs wcro
good and our people prospeicu, ami whenever
such Tariff was repealed, we had a "revulsion,"
The present crash would li ivo taken place in
1847 or 1848, bad not the famine iu Europe
occurred, which afforded u market for all out
surplus products, aud the gold in California
discovered, which paid tho balance of trade
agaiast us; hut even that source Ins failed to
supply tho deficiency—the balance of trade be
ing so largely against us, aud the crash has
couie, as come it must. If we waut hatter
times we must return to the principles of the
Tariff cf 1842, which was repealed by the Lo
eofocos.
AN IMPORTANT FEATURE. —Tue t reat d -
uiand which exists fur its graduates, u'i-i the
high salaries which they command sr.- il.o best
possible guar.H.te.os of the practical ani busi
ness vatuo of those whom the Iron City bolie. e
i r ■ • mui-n-N — Hunt's JUmxhnnts' Mo rizirr.
PREACHER AKKKSYMD ]\ TEX\pv
SEE.
\\ I ear ii foii ih - Mt. Mori is (Ogle Co. Ij| \
: Indvj eudei.f W atcbm ni, that Rev. ISJCI , |
(Jaib: r, of lint county, a preacher amone )[,
Tunkci sor Oermsn Bapißv, ,v ;:s arrested
short time sin iindei :!"• fol', w :.,^ r
st anc
■'lie v ut on a visit !o lis friend- sti-l
rjnaintaiiC's in East Tc-unesgce, and, vlii"
there, was solicited to jucatb, which he
agreed I". and, in the course of his Ferm'.i,
incidentally ailuded to Freedom, iu its Li<, U 'l
sen sc. For taking such liberties 5, a si a * .
was arreted and obliged 'o give I oo'N
io (L • sum f §SOO for bi, appM ri | JCe ~
c '
Or i'enkcr fi crids vi:!l Lo udmonisled Lr
ta ! -egn : g, 'hat wt< o they g., irto aay 0 '
the > ■ they will keep their mou- .i
shut o:i the subject i f Freedom. It is true
'!. y_r vuti.uriz dby the I h-sed G >sp„|
I whi .-h ti>'-y preach, to "procl-iim liberty io the
o-iptive, and tiie opening of the prison doors to
them t! at are ! ound," !ut t!, y wiR understand
fi oui tl.c w y <s .ih.-r v., served, ibaj r
6 :1 must Rot he preactiii] everywhere, bow
i ever u.ue!i they uiav ttvi if their duty to j ro-
Cll-h: ' "• In-y us*.y i: vv herv'ofwre sopprseil
tut ttits was a laud of fice 'om, and that the
blessed Gospel of J.sus Christ cmil.j be pro
c! rime 1 every wl re wrhin its bnd !ini;>
"i*c ■ iiiug t. molest or m ike air-id," hu.
Mr. G , at leas', li is been uu levi iv.-d,
: J nis quiet ami u:.,b:ru-ive deuon.ii.sti,,!, ~f
i Chris, iis pr-. tty strong in ( ( ,r
B d.'oid t'i uaty, ami ;• it in ugh in 1 uiit i •;,! sct.-
| tiuierit they rrc almost unanimous'v
j til - I,on f'te jsi i\i eeracy. lh'-y Sildoin, liev
lor vote- •' A e tlr.i.k, however, whrr ?uc'.i Rets
| as eout -ir.ci in the above p,t sgraj h CHI-C i
t-> tht ui, as well as to of hr < Lristians, i.,y
will sc.! the in p. I t Hid of hircaft. I ca.--.i-
I their stiff ages against a pasty ti ■> . ltl( [
j imprisons laithful in n'stirs of tire meek and
; lowly Saviour, for uttering the doctrines v f tj w .
| -M. Ssiiii aud true libtrty. Junkers, and all
other Christian®, remember these things in iho
fu.ure, ;ml let nothing prevent you from vot
ing again-i snail a par'y.
iraubies Ahead!
'1 lie Arm rioau sic itucr Washington was lately
: hoarued in the Gulf by 'Seers of the Bmisb
steamers Leopard .u , \ alorous, on suspicion
; that they i.ad arms ri d . mmuuition on hoard
for the filibusters who L;e!\ ercapc. from ;he
b . Siatcr. tor Nicaragua. Tioub e .s ovid,r.t!y
i br-' WiUg. lil-r Fniladeij'Lia B lib.' '!! cf loth
It tin re is any faith to 'oc [u! in signs, the
waters of the Guif of Mexico arc likely to be
coTne ironbmu waters, i.nd a great warts brew
ing till re. J is ■'"*ej t.. .t the ,aeai :-h dlir.-
istcrat \\ a.-hiugton Las fo;iiislly aucoii-'eed o
I tdl j IliiS LCcluiidi V al*
agaii.st .'iexico. 1 Uts, ot If, is euougii to
Cutupiicate ui.lters sefiou-.y, as any a; e.ipt
now, ou she pait of Bpai.i, :o so zt M- xiv
any porttoii o: i', untst ie .U to ilinijuHy
this couutiy. Siuiuliaticoi.siy nith this wc i.e. r
of the ucpn.turoo: a Froi.eu fled t- tiie 'da!-,
Ostet'sibiy lor Centrai America, hut un re :r j
b.ibly tor Mexico, aui (ir.s gives color to th *
ioea tint .ho govemuicuts o: r r mce and Bje,v ,
bttweeu which there is a strong sympathy si„.-. :
the b.uijteroi'.s mar iagc, arc goiug to co cpir
; te, s j as to pi ice a Bp-uish or French princo
upon i Mexicau throce.
Goupling this affair wi'ii our disturbed rela
t;ous with Mt x.eo and Veniral America, ihe de
patiuro of A aiker's isjieditiou t" N iearanus,
ao.: too c. il iu.t Oi Bti i-ii Vcsseis of war lo
wailis Auiericau .esseis iu (lie t?ait", thrre is
stroug r.ason tor appiebtudiug . very genera!
ruptuie, .uj periiiips a serious one, in wiiicli
ino U. States ami ti.o liuv.-po.iii p wers wiil be
eugagcu, .voile Al.xieo and (he Central Aiueri
-B'ali-s v.it; iuit Vlctlius to li;e SlioQgeSt. —
Alien the i res! lint's Message, with i: uu
uicissuriiy open avowal <.f ids designs ou Cub..,
and Mexico, re actios Europe, tho three powers,
wili luiuiaily tvot indignant, and their j .-resent,
pi-ii.', we acver they may Le, -vtil receive rnoc
uieatious that will give tiieni a character more
-jsiite tuau cvir against tiie U. States. Tiie
emergency i- a difficult oue, and it is to be la
mented ;h c our govern went is 'not in Letter
•i.iuds ii.au it i--. We do uot wonder -,t Li-ar
mg that there is much uueasiuess aud anx.eiy
m .uo dcpartiii.-p;.s and diploma'ic circles at
Muskingum,
iiiE KANSAS QUESTION.
L .> i: ptou Loeofoooisiu has been toliiug the
people iiiat ti.e K...sas questioa was eottleu,
an i that everything is peaceful and ipuic:
:litre m w. ami that it w-.s ouiy the Americans
uti-i i'.epub- leans who weiv keeping il open for
the purp. j of political e-j,it.il. By reference
tj the 1 .st Misssg-- i f i!d Mr. Buchanan, it
v.:; 1 b- seen t!. t be devotes three uiortai coi
uit.s o perverting and misrepresenting ihs
ivausas question. If the qucstt-ju wa® settled,
who is ii uow that us opening the old seres and
keeping up the agitation ? For what purpose
is the agitators kept up by the old inui 1 Let
his apologists aud friends answer! li won't do
for fippentiybil papers like tho Gazette, and
auiill politicians generally, to charge the keep
ing up of the Mgit tion on th* opp'sition here
after.
Co I. J. \V. Forney.
The Loei-toco papers threugbou:
the couutiy, have been and y> t contiuue to be
unsparing m their abuse of Col. Forney, tho
most powerful writer, aud one of Ui>- most tal
ented men in (hut party, because he would uot
bow dowu aud worship the ;;"!den va'f cf Mr.
Bucksuui:. In a Lie numi-t-r ct ih" '
he replys to these jickais in the folic
significant paragraph .
' Occasion.-!iy we s<, -
paper, saiiiti.ces : h . • ..u.,
t'l l> luff: ,1s will t" tltrg'.Vl IJ |f ti cy r-.!l"' !