L. THE BEAV/PB ARXV,S S PuBLisHE D EVERY WEDNESDAY'I in the old Avirsbatleting:on.Tinni, 5„,4„,r Frovt; Ps:. a: • TWOJOLIARS PER YEAR IS ADYiRCE a.)pies of the Paper will be furnished,, in wrapperv, AtitTi_cer,l* each. , Cu patauniations on; subjects of loisd' or 'mint in west , re respectfulis Solicited. To insuro - attoutton t (done of this kind meat invariably be accompanied by the name of the author, not for publication, but Asa agaltst !imposition. yea and 'communications should be addressed to J. WEyAND, Editor ct Proprietor RAILROADS: per .. FT. Is - A vcr., S CIIICA6O RAILWAY. • °loud after April 29, Trains will leave Stations daily, ( Sundays excepted)as follows. [Train lesvlcg chiral , . a: 4:7/1, P.M.. leaves daily.] -----'7 " . TRAINS GOING WEST. .- - -- ---,--------- 7-Exios. Exr's,iE4or'o. WO; '...----= -----.----7-77-7 . 1 615:ts 930Ast 215Pst 2003.11 pithrhergh. :1 815 1040 4,25 810 110 61. - ; te r ', . - .... 1111 M, • 1224Px 511 458 nll'lm •. • .... - '''''' i 111,10.: 110 • . &Xl' - 559 Alliance i 1231r12 159 70 0 . 629 canton i 1 1 ,255 v. 216 • 730 646 ,7•11roillon.. : I, us' 233 1 808 - 119 ‘:ITY/P e * '''''''''''''''H on 3'.. I. P4O 746 -- Wooster .!! 045 560 11014 020 Nant:leld 1 ; 445 539 - . ' 1045 9.50 - Cre-tlice •• : 600 Ax 610.-t-, 1100 1000 t 635 6/0 " 1135 1025 Dory•rn,i 71,9 ''‘‘.l. , 1223 Ax 1100 ` UPP''' S " ndu t kY .I ' - 755 1255 1123 , 1.3,,1 911 216 EV301•34 N Lim ` l eri • dire-1, 110%) . mo 127 - •;,,rt • ;1220PX 114.5 .520 300 (.7.); um J 1 Fort SV " Y"e ' , 1 1 119 : 1z30.t3t 691 346 1• A . 200 121 - 554 436 V,"41-...kay; li 300 2311 751 - 549 ph,,,, , ,,:h : 1; 4,g; r,..57 927 713 cl_Erago \•!1.s;a.1 , 0••1. '' :,, 700 550 }120R.20 TRAINS GOING EAST . . V' I 'Exp's:lExies - lEbaos./, bl ' s , I 'ehicn2o- - ----1 i 720.414 1 1020rit i 4.0' px 11430,49! ••'ll;ars.4.+o .. -, 1 9434 1230 ' a2711.X 637 livniol3ll , 1 tIO3I 259 ' 810 -, 021 w,,,,,,, • .. . ...:111:33 420 : 901 940 colneltea',l2l9rx 530 _ 9.14 ' 1033 Fort I.Vnyne - 11.5 . , 700 - ';' 1080 1135 Von Wert i „ , 2311 IXII -1136 I.2SaPX 11113 • '. l zrttl 950 •; 1: 1 ,34Ax 215 • 01‘..t.• I 739'• 11100 . : 141 350 I !Ter Sondttolty , 51K1 1135' 206 424 Eecyrtei - ' 538 . 41218Px 221 . 1 511 601 -1250 310 rrio Crn••• 1 line • •• • 6 625 200 320 600 Ax • ,13i1•49•91 1 1 657 ...,1 230 • 348 6191 1 v v ,„ . . : -,,,. (11'119 •, '•• - . Ign r 430 - .540 105 , .13,4111,,n - • 1, 913 501 613 9411' ti'anton .• : - ;4004 521 658 . 1000 .5 iii:iiie. , a 100 . 025 730 11, - Nfloni • 1132 • 657 759 1149 lb.clu-t. , r. 12.5A.3ii 815 940 21545 t Ptiisimr.:t , 280' 050 1015310,1 _ . youmr.town. New Castle Erie Express Thave Vsive , vanut 3:00 p. In; Net Cnstle, 405 p.m: arrit.:,es p. m:Retaining. leaves PlttsburgE E-0.10. in: urr.,nt N. Ca , tle, - 8;3'; a. m; Youngatown,o::lo. 7.•:•!* Ct:elle and Pittsburgh Aceomme datum 1..a,...:(1701:11f1rt0wn. 5:15 a. in; ••.N ew Castle, 7:20 s..ni;,arrives at 4111evIlmiy. 10:04) 'a. in. Ileturnies. Alloulanty, p. in; ...arrive: , New Castle, p.'llr YOUlit.' , ltll% 11, tr2o p. nt. F. It. Gcneral Ticket' AOtit. On 2,11.1 after April ISt, 18V, trairn (Lily (Stihdap, excepttd) at fq.) =EI 7 . ..iiii: 1 1 . i.iWi1..,(T:,;N —74-7 I • " IL:": . 1 ' !.: 5'20.%,..W1' 111:1Pm • , , 2 , 151 . .* ttll I , 154; ! 3511 I 1 9:15 I. 1:150 . roo 1,1010 435 1110 1!1110 - 510 . IZO 1'1144 543 .... 7," ME as m . . WIT, PI • • GOING 'NOUTII. - : MAIL. Accok " t 850.tm 412 pm. ..... i1(.22 5:26 ...... 1.... 1/11.15 64.5 7152.24 • ttv , •.D. - ..z. • • • 111M1pm.643 . 810 f,1230 710 I 8,10 Streetl 137 804 I 1002. - Clevelawl I /50, 615 1015 • GOING EAST. • I lsll2° s.lE.stes. Accom 4301 , 311 FM.A.Id I 1040,tx 1 ...... 440 i 6 0 '5. 10 50 •• • " r,55 ' T 33 :111r.; 8 •- • • c'2o - 822 1104-.2 010 Ferro,.'. 142 Bl2 : W 2 445 .14•41 or• • I , "12 1112 23 1 11 -733 . 11 820 -. 920 '240 745 . POtbazh • if ino 1025 350 910 • - 7 -- 7; GOING, WEAT. • I MAIL. Ext.' n. Exio 9.:Accoli" • i l'lttoltmzh ' 1115AY 2004.3 i 435 r j ••*10k.24 1:• , 8••.4...r • • 725 305 515 1'445 Bean.: , .......... 5 . 83 815 5415 I 455 'lBl2 - 343 • 628 j 544 w. 4 .r1;:••045 4%1 720 erbo t.tet'wr., ....• .. MO. 520 818 1.... 4 3ridt , I.ort ,1112 6io 022 I .... Ik!lair 1125 , 640 '935 _ • .... DRAscri , ..P4rlvea N. PE.. .I. :•:',il, 6:so.p.m.Bayard. 9: . 55. a. m. I; ;) d!;1. X2:..1 m. - IN. l'hiladelpida.2:so,r• m . F. IL MYERS, General Ticktt ..3g nt. • . IUT lET "GONE UNDER." THE I NI)E1;;;IGN El) WoULD RESPECTFULLY iNforni lli. friends and the public generally. that and keeps constantly on hand a large rod ivt.l.tlectetl'stuck of LADIE 7 .-;', - • .(.;IiNTLEME'S AND CHILDREN'S Boots. anil Shoes, _ - . liT ALL KINDS, • ; ji • wh!..% 1 , l i . ,01! at tiv• low , tq posglble prices. In ,:,:, .:: :J-3-1::1-t.2rti made stock of Boots and Shoes, ..!a:- , .. ..11 hand a lame ns , ortment of his own ! , .a ., :`,.. , ,,•. :01.1 is propared to do job work or repair t-- I.rlng notice. add as -well as imit be done ...- -1. , .p to tint 6otty. - , .,11, puldic"for past favors in my btvdne..s. ..,11 , ..- - a,k that they ma , : be continued. All a 4 , . , :i: that rips will be repalr'd freo of elotrge. HOBERT TA LIMN. BEI - elis9 ) xis , I J n lrerxal Coixiportud. lalmr raving invention now being in ' eryivhere. „t fair trial will convince no wash bikini necivertry. Three , tinte,,and labor gayer! by its Lae.— f:.briv,.`"rd'anY kind. and meet,. a want !. remove paint- ?rare or ~.eftetart and ix... Antilles the I 'i•.t:ilyand cheaply nuide, costing far • n•ld .tiperior to the best of soap. It ;:r.arte,t favor wherever introduced. ‘.;,1 Family !lights for ma k • l'• Kirkland. The C orn . I , it for sale at the FtOrt..,4 of 31r. S. C. s:., Itucliester; L - F. Kramer. North , nd 11. H. A Beaver. Orden4 for lie left at tho hoarding litne.c of i..m the point. ItocheAter, or sent by to J. Kirkland, Itoctiester, I'a. =I 1..` r I=AN:CE AGENCY. T•,•.4 - !1 , 1i;:s:E1) TINS BEEN APPOINTED . na Insurarteil Company, of Dart ..l 1 ht.kxise fur tin. Niitzara Insurance •t `'ti Y. , rl:, and the Enterprise Insurance • , .. - • , • t•itit •••• • V ••.e. far. &e. ate,. 11T:thin loss by . t•tt.t yens or ifw. adiu.teri :tild promptly paid when • .110.1..1.. All hr•ine,t , cann , Ttrd with 11 to trit l t di. rgiteli 1,7 JO*. 3PCIXIZE. Artent: • Beaver, Pa. I LAUGIIING " " 1 r: A I-I. TY. THAT II.kVE BEEN St'FIOERING of tnothaelie. and dread 44 at,d Ina wi:l tad . that Dr. Chandler it. o• N-riy r.•;ie ve von hr the 11.1 C of the great pain trqiii.NG ( - 4A • s,:aP,i make their extrac of I • l «amire.ratiter'than of pain. • r 2:; • ,,... ' l i.erforeted in the bert pottrillle •Pn re-1,41111131e tome 1.4 by any good Den tJl :h. o'llll' ; rarer Station. Roelteatir • Pa • • :"'"‘C"." i t . • * 'P. CHANDLER it, CO.. L I 31E. 14 131 1.1. T th'anktitl for pa 4 favors. takes mut the le'ople in Burr both and . 1 Y. lhao he eont inter, manufacture of 1„11%1E, at-tim - [ tnnprlClll LIME KILN'S." , . • 'i.r:_r, plll .„i lt o. P. .•rs Nv..••st of Hearer. Pa. All order! care.ully lte beet of brie tot. ..t my at eta per •b uabel. ANOS norr.r. I V01.. - 49.4N0:1..29, sjuirsiv Q o on 4.4ikiar 7.,nders. DLSTRICT. COVET Ole PHiLt.DEXPIII.L. Boris vs_ Trott. Constitutionality of le gal.tender nt)tm. -Case dated. 9pinlon ShatswoodiP. J. If any point may be considered ai w ell set tled; it is that the Constitution' of the :United States hi a special grant' or delegation oflini- Red poviers to the Federal .Goirernment.-- "It has been truly said," observes C. J. Mss shall, in the United States .y& .Fisher ~2 Cranch, 2 . 12, "that under a Constitution Con ferring spocific p6wers, the power contended for must he granted or it cannot be exercia: ed." The same thing has been affirmed by . Mr. Justice Story in i Martin vs. limiter s Lessees, 1 Wheaton,, 26, "toe Government of the United States cuff claim no powers which are not granted to it, by the Constitution, and the powers actually - granted must be such as are expressly given, or given by necessary implielatiifu. And nit to multiply citations —on-_ so clear' a principle—again by C. .T. Marshall in McCullough vs. The State of Maryland, 4 Wheaton, 405. = "This Govern: ment is acknowledged by all to be ono of en umerated powers: i The principle tIMS it can exercise only the powers granted to it, Would seem too apparent to, have, required to be enforced by all those •arguments which its enlightened friends,. While it was depending before the people, found it necessary to urge. Tlitit prikeige to now Ittniver.tully admitted.' It follows that to sustain the constitution ality of an act of Cimgress---to determine that it is a law—an - authority for it must be affirmatieely shown. , That authority must exist in the ; Constitution in express words, or ,i he act A ntst appear to be necessary and proper for carrying into execution some Hoffer or polders vested in Congress, in the Govermient of the United States,. or in some department or of thereor -. ' By this rule' we are now to decide whether that clause of the act of Congress approved February 25;1'882, entitled "An act to author-, ize the 'Otte of United States notes, and for thelrednptinn or funding thereof, and for funding the floating debt of the United 1 States;", which provides that the notes is mil in pursuance of that act "shall be law ful: mo ey, and a legal tender in payment of all II 4.its public and priVate"—is or is not' a l a w of the land. . - - The ceunsel of the defendant—recognizing that on rhim retied the burden of 'maintain ini,the a affirmative of this' issUe—claimed that the' provision referred to .was an exercise of authority visited in Congress under one or other of the following clauses of the enumer atihn in section 8 of article 1: Paragraph 12. To ' borrow money on the credit of the United Stptes. im rar. 3. TO regulate commerce with foreign tio qs and ninon); the sevetal ' States, ' and with the in4ll:lit tripes. , Par. 5. clin money, regulate the value thereof,, and of foreign coin, and fix the stan ' daid_of'iveielits and measures. Par. 18. 're !make all s which shall be' necessary antEproper for carrying into exe cution the foregoing powers, and , all other powers vested by, the Constitution in the Government of the United litotes, or in any department or Officer thereof / propose to examiue -these- clauses with such other parts of the- Constitution as have been supposed, in the course,of the argument, to illustrate them. I yid some degree of con fulerice,not only from the well known ability, learning, and research of the counsel for the defendant, but from my own investigations, that if the act of Congress in question cannot be sustained on either of these clauses, it can not be sustained at all. • a . . . . . , I will begin with the last pitmgraph• of the enumeration, because its proper construction: has an important bearing onithe other—Par. 18: "To make all laws which shall be neces sary and proper for airiyinglinto' execution the foregoing powers." I. will not here re vert to political and controverted grounds, nor to the argument by which, in the Feder alie,lS'o. 44,,-and elsewhere,dhe objections of the enemies of the Consti ution to the sweep ing- words of this clause ere . met *and, an swered by "its enlighten friends." ' I'mean to take exclusively as . m guide the pyinci pies judi fially Isettled - by he Supreme Court of-the C ited States in the leading cases of McColl° igh vs. The State of Maryland (4 Wheat., 318), , The rule established in that case is well expressed by the reporter in the syllabus. If the end- be legimate, and' with in the! scope of the Constitution, all the means which arc • appropriate, which 'are ainly adapted to that; end, and - which a e not prohibited, may constitutionally be c ployed to, .carry it into effect. Let us re it cur, however,lto the very words of the - opinion, as delivered by, C. - J. . Marshall :--! "-We think the sound construction of the Constitution must allow' to the, National Legislature that discretiOn, with -respect to the Means by which the-powers it •confers are to be earned into ,exectition, which will enable that body to perform the - high 'duties assigned to it' in the, manner most benpficial to „thepeople. Let the end be legitimate; let it be within the scope Of the Constitution, and all .111calLi which arc appropriate, which are plainly adap ed to that end, - and . which are not prohibit .d, but consist s with ' the letter and,spirit o the Constitution, are coristitu , i. tional."--P. 421. , • • 'This is ceilainly a very . Large charter to the discretion of Congress, yet as a rule for judiaal cases lam willing to accept it: It is apßaiaMt, however, from very terms ' in which , he . principle is 'enimeiated, that this disCretion is not witlioutlimits. It is not Congress which is to be the final judge as to whether a. measure is • necessary and proper for carrying into effect any of the delegatelpowers.- Nrere it so,. the .enu= . meration would have been a - vr,in and delu sive inoekery, and the fundamentaLprinciple that the Federal Government Ls bite merely of limited 'authority, an unmeaning formula of words. are 'The limits plainly set in this language these: 1. The end Must be legitimate, and within the scope of the Constitution. 2. The means must -be appropriate and adapted to the cud. 3. The means must not them selves lie prohibited,but consist with - the letter and spirit of the Constitution. . • There is, however, another limitation upon the discretion Of Congress in the choice of ne cigisitry and proper means.. It is clearly sta ted in MeCullough*e. Tha. State of Mary land. and- indeed the principle of it may be considered to have ruled , that 'case. I quote *gain the very words of the opinion: "The power . or Creating a corporation, though.appertaining to sovereignty, is not like the powers oi making war or levying taxes, or of regulating cobimerce,a great sub stantive-and independent' power which can not b: iniptkd asinciclenthl to other powers, or used as a means of executing them." (4 Wheaton, 411.1 - = . I understand the. Supreme Court in this • language to lay down the - simple and reason able—l might, perhaps; say the self-evident= propOsition, that no one . enumerated power can be incidental to another enumerated power. - Three cases are stated as eiimples of substantive po but clearly only. as ex amples. We ha eno right to say that any one of the . powers is more substan 7 tive ant independent than another. Their very expression tiuthoritatively stamps their character. If, thirefore,a power is delegated, but in terms wbqt import a limitation. or -' .1;~>>~i ; ."7"1 - ` : , OM I= OSE=I2I • • . . 7 . • Beaver Pa , if 131 E _ , , 1 qual4;cation,, it (Minot be exercised .as incl-, dents to some other power; disregarding the limitation.or q u alification annexed 'to the &- press grant Indeed, such limitationor qual tleatlon.may be considered as A; mhibitiatt againin.thelitercise of that powermany oth er way, and, therefore, within the limit which tifeliupremsiCourt pincesspon' the , (Were ticin of Congress in thelemlnciation t• of the general prunaple, vial . that Congreis cannot employs measure, •h. er necessary and proper ittnay be for air,. .• Into effect some exam* power.'tf.that ,` 4. ': 4 , - has been pro hibited. - , --. ' • . .I.pags now to the ... 7 :*deration 'of those grants, from wldch, by he aid .of the last paragraph of. he eau ~ ' ration, It islcontend- ed that Corigress have authority :to issue what this act mllB 4 'l/111 .-, States notes," and to nuike theme jogai" • rider in payment, .of i all debts, public and, , ~ ate. • I I: "To regulate.. , o erce with foreign nations and among t ' several States and with the' Indian . t,, " (Art. 1, sect. 8, par. 8) - ' \ i • - • It must be admitte standards of val ue and of weights avail, , urea are means very appropriate Afi. L L • .ted to the , regale- - tion of commerce. 131 T hen we have In this enumeration a clause* - ch:expressly grants and defines the a,uthotl :NI create such stin:. Cards. If it directs of l' • t they shall consist, Congress cannot make " ;SLother kind as incl•! dental to the regulatitirKT, commerce. With equal plausibil_. ight it-he pretend ed that, for the regulai," !of commerce, Con gress could lay duties, 4iosts, awl exercises, and pass bankrup t ' , sr"' Such measures might be very approp and adapted to that end. Yet surely I ' ill not be maintain ed. that, assuming these were as incidental, ss Congre could disre„,no the rule of -unifor mity, which limits and ' alifies the express Ti t delegation of them. s qualification is, in fact, a prohibition of a duties, imposts, or exercises, which shal not be uniform thoroughout: the Unit ect tates—of any' laws on the subject of bankruptcies which shall not; in like manner, be uniformthoroughout the United. States. , -(Art. 1, see- 8,, par. 14.)' These cases present a perfect illustration of the soundness of the limit to the discretion of Congress, prescribed by the Supreme • Court, that a substantive power shall not bt exercis ed as incidental.. I do not however, pontdder theta as any more perfect than the very -case begore us.' If the power to create a standard of ialtie and medium of exchang e is express ly delegated , but confinee by its terns, as we will presentlysee that it is, to coins--foreign onlomestic—it is h prohiSition of any , other kind of money. Congress cannot, under the pretext of regulating commerce, infringe the prohibition thus laid on It. "To borrow money'. credit of thelUnited States." (Art- I Vsec: 8, par. 2-) It has been argued that ; ander thi s c l ause Congres may issue these "United States notes," becituse _they are onl acknowledgments of debt In a negotiable f orm, and in order , to giv i them greater credit make them a legal ten er. That there may be consnitutionally isa ed to the publiccrealter certificates of the amelmt due, transferable by assignment—or honor notes payable to bmrw, which can p.O from hand to hand by mere delivery—l do not demi. These 'are all securities, , and Congress are vested expressly with powo "to provide kw. the punishment of counterfif ing the securities and current coin' of the United States." (Art. 1, soc. 8. par. 6.) This language is acenraie. Securities= vi termia are something different Money. - This view is strengthened when we find the coin described in the same -paragraph .14' ezti-ieni coin. 4 ' . • These United Statei notes are not -securi ties for money which may be issued' under thel-authority to borrow, but they are "bills of Creilit"—things distinct and different from secaritie.. Thnt there is such -Ails tinction may be Clearly shown by the judgment - of the highest • tribunal, which gives the law on these subjeitta to all other courts. According to that tribunal, bills of credit are not certificates of loan— not treasury bonds or note—'not acknowl edgments of 'indebtedness, all of which are mere securities, but: bills • invested with the : functions bf ' money just such bills as the United States notes~ &riled in pursuance of" the act of Congress in question. In Craig vs. the State of Missouri (4 Peters 4.31), C. J. Marshall, in delivering the opinion of the court, says: "In its enlarged and perhaps literal sense the term 'bill of credit' may comprehend any in strument, liv which. a State engagelto pay money at a future day; thiis including s cer tificate given for money borrowed. But the language et the Constitution itself, and the mischief to be prevent, Which we know from the historyof our country, equally limit the interpretation of the term. The word 'emit' is never employed in describing those con tra&ts by which ,a State binds itself to pay money at a future day for services actually received or for money borrowed for present . use; nor Are instruments executed for such" purposes in. common language denominating 'bills of credit.' To 'emit bills of credit con iveys to the - -2 mind the idea of issuing 'diaper intended to,fdreulaie through the ex,mmurity for its ordinary purposes as money, which paper is redeemable at a future day. " This is the sense in which the terms have always been understOod."-' (The definition here given was subsequently reconsidered , and sustained in in Briscoe vs.• the Bank of Kentucky; 2 rPe tors, 257. I • H According to this clear and authoritative ex positionx hat distinguishes - bills of credit from such securities as arcissued to the public cred. itor is that the former are, and the latter nip not, intended,to circulate as money. Thesie United States notes, then arc not acknowledg. ments of debt nbr "securities of the United: States," but "bills of credit:" in other words "money."; Indeed, this act of Congress .of February 25,1862, intends to leave no, "doubt on thst point s for it expressly declares that they shall be "lawful money." In conformity, then, to the principle,Jis settled by the Su- Meine Court in McCullough vs. -the State of Maryland, we must turn to the money clause to ascertain whether Congris.4. bad authority to make them "'Awful money." That body cannot, as incidental to the powqr to borrow, create any kind of money, which - will not stand the tent of the express power which is granted on that; subject. . . If any "doubt remains as to . whether the right toemit bills of credit--4o make paper . money—can be exercised as Incidental to the borrowing power, it ought, us it . appears to me, be entirely dissipated by the proceedings of the Federal Convention when this ,clause was before then. I freely admil, that the opinions expressed in `body are not con clusive upon the Interpretation of the Consti tution. .'That instrument is to be construed, like all others—by its four corners. - - But surely C. J. Marshall relied "on the history of our country" in limiting the meaning of the words "bills of credit, we may resort for light to the opiniOns and votes of the men ivho framed. the Constitution, in deciding. whether, lathe words "totorrow money" was intended to be included "to emit bills of cred it," tor that is the .precise question we have here to consider, By the ninth of the old articles of confede ration, section 5, it was declared that "the United State* in . Congress assembled, shall have authority to borrow moneyor emit billS on the credit of the United States." In the tilan.cf the Constitution, as reported to the con•tiention by the rommittte of detail, of , ,7 1 : ..1.11"F;.-.,A,,.,..„ (ie H 4 = 4,f 1.40 which " clause emit hi Out Mr. move bilir whir atom ter 1 them . Jame one of then Ui Washit moat am United Per en! was carried, sail t) , by a vote'of nine States t. a bas added in a foot not Virgin la in the affirmatieetat 4' by his auiescence,_.tisfiedthat striking out the win? ,_ disable the Government froni f iblic - notes, es • far as they could - proper, and would 'only cm t ' 41 PaPgr eur reney, and partii .. 4 f0r15...., • 'Abe bills a tender', either fiat or priests Lk. As. (5 El liott's Debates, 0 , 1P5.)- , Aide/mot knew how these proceedings ‘'s#lllll)imther minds, but they have tonvi • ~ C 2iiittlast thenkleral con vention under:steed lly %Me -sof credit." not securities—certlficetleatitiseri -,or indebted nese. truany notekbe utslequer bills—bu t just w hat Chief Justine 11 a ft erwards defined - Awn to bu'ilver caley," and meant , to denY to Congress the to make such money,: . . . ...i , - 1 - , . . Luther Martin, In ids to the Maly- Ta u land Legislature in jtaitld 'moth% comae in retiring frOnt theYedetirlOmmertion,,has also glien a briefskettnli &ibis interestingde- bate, virich corrisPen di in the main withthat Of Mr. Madison. illite , • tires in the most emphaticmanner tlettl'e t lority of the con- vention being willing , p , k any pfflitical ' evil rather than admlt-: n• idea of a paper emission in any poorsibte: - .., • retinae to trust' this authority to the - . - . t." (Secret Proceedings of the F ,;,..., • onvention, p 57. He afterwants inform t,, • •gblature, as in dicative of the temper 7,,- body from which . 1 he had withdrawn, Ilion "was reported by ,I, the States were only 1. , tennitting 'them (bills of credi vsuent - VI Congress; but the a bitten ' with Me paper Mont; dated that the prohibitir . ".1t ' was my opinion am 'that the States out , d e . 1 prived of the right arid' that as we had not She General Governmt tiaras the more necessary ;SC The members e ttlon truly represented tho people of the k been chosen. No .history of the Re , the ell tion o Congress : for the ptirpose,of sustaining . their redit, had utterly failed. The , amount of pri 'ate wrong thereby inflicted on individ-, 1 uals ald families was incalculable. Congress in a c rcular 'address in 1779:--after Kornis; ing solemnly that the amount of the hills should on no account exceed $20Q,000,000- 7 indignantly .repelled 1 the idea 'that. there could be any violation of the public faith, or that there dinot exist ample funds to re deem them. The emission , however, very (1. soon after swelled to $370,000,000, and hav ing ceased to circulate quietly died in 'the hands of its possessors. .(3 Story on. the Con.st. 123-224.); No tinancieringi,was found so ea sy' and attractive, and at the same time so delusive and destructive as thfat of resorting to paper money. "Who," said a me'mber of, the Revolutionary. Congress in .debate, "will' consent to load his `constituents with taxes, when we can send teour - printer and. get a •atagon-load of money, and pay for the whole With a quire of paper?" (Breek's history ofl Continental money, p. 18.) Well said Mr. - 1 Read, of Delaware in the Federal Convention, that such a power would stamp the Constitu-i lion with "the mark of the beast in Revela-'. _dons:" and Mr. Lingdon, ofNew Hampshire, Only, expressed the feelings ofthe entire coun try when he declared that hp would rather reject the whole plan than retain the three Words "and emit bills." tt requires but a slight knowledge of the times to Conclade that if these three worth had-beennit:tined, or ' had it been imagined that, though; stricken out, as by comparing the new with the old system everybody could, see that they were, they.still lurked in the instrument as 11101(1(A:I to some other 'pow,cr, the Federal Constitution would never have been ratified by nine 'States. In the'diseussions anti publications which fol. lowed on the promulgaticat of the plan, be fore proceeding to vote on it in the State eon-', ventions, asrwell as in the debates of those I bodies, so far as they have been preerved and handed down .to us,- though every hole and corner of the instrument was ransacked to find objections, I ant not aware that it was . ever suggested that it might, possibly contain so odious and unpopnlara power. , The voice of the instrument itself appeared sufliciently itnarked 'and unmistakable. ' I IL I come now to consider the remaining clause, which-has been relied on as the source of authority to pass the set in question. "To coin money, regulate thelvalue thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and nunsures." (Art. 1, sec. 8, par. 5.) It is evident not merely from the words, but from their juxtaposition with the clause forfixing a standard of weights and measures, that the Constitution intends that the 'money,. of the United States shall be not merely a medium, of exchange, but a standard of value. Uni formity and stability were the ends in view, and for this reason-those powers were vested exclusively in the Federal Government.— Here, and here alone, and not as a mere inci dent to something else, aro we to look for whatever authority Congress possesses over the subject of money. These words seem to me to sanction only coins or metallic canon cy. In,the Federalist, No - 42,' this is taken for granted. ."All thAtmeed be remarked on the power to Coin money, regulate .the value thereof, and of foreign coin, is, that by pro viding for this last case the Constitution has supped a material omission in the articles of confederation. The authotity,lof the existing Congress is restrained to theregulation of coin struck by their own authority or that of the respective States. It must be seen at once that the proposed uniformity in the arise of the current can might be destroyed by WO jecting that of foreign coin to the different regulations of the different States:' Judge Story thought so, forte says 'Tho -' - power to'coin money - is one of the ordinary prero gatives of sovereignitY, and is alined univer- Ally exercised-in order to prmarvn a proper MEI .:I : , 4 ' ' • , • - - 3 /. 1 . .• 7:.• l• - . --• . ' 1I Fe t -. a "- illshm„i 1818. ' ' i ..- . • - • *teeeaL; the !' 01w it'ts- it • t that h ! thicallatlad *fret nails cf ct--, , 1,11. 7 ~,,; a lettaZ as secas . 0 me l 9 = tits( • try , s4 6 l ll" ,tiie li txltli u t r h t li tb iTulted Str i de!" 1 its aTi l y other but mettdl ußc i:m ut ois h°ll Vn t te - J lute isetTallis to lisference,leftli die: - ' le - - * . •- ' thsetlyileclared thiamine qphd ones' tisi4 ilt. S. . restrictions on theEtates ilhistrata a u. Ibeigald,Stllowaret, Me, in wilidettrim act . the opinion whiCh I have expressed a t C owe s puAgehintovoir 4 heport: upon the proper construction ,of the penel ; tete aPurkins coin was -held tote .' filen:. 'graph before us. "No State shall esibi me*, Won the ground that- the - . proyisioisa ,sof the ey. titbit bills 4 - credit, male. anything but ; pertained, to esti the : very nests of the gold and - silver Coin a tonderin payment of, • ."to the execution . of =au - ' debts:llo.es any law impairing the oblie,atiou trust, 'availed by the Conititution, ' • the. lif - contracts.. (Art. 1.. see. '10.) The 'whole oblkation to ftilfil thit trust on , the pert of pOwer over contraeleirmided -in theStatte be -the eiroveramenc nanfe , the • trustaid duty fare the ratification otthe Federal Constitie; df creatingand ' -a. -a - . */b, an tion. This 'homier:- _admit** it; nand - leaves it pteriesdaiesfandard Of safe re. throughout the there; subject only to two restrietions, - both Union: The power of coining tnote,Ylfitid of haYing the same end in view—the inviolabil-1 regulating . value wasdelegatedto C,Migress #3 , of coetracte. -. inasrench ere theStateseene c i t , brthe C - alien for the very pureMee, as not coin, and the Federal. Government alone assigned by he framers of that, interim:Rene care mid inasmuch as the States cannot make lof creating and reserving. th uniform it y anything but gold end silver a tender in . ay and purity ofauch a etandardetelue." l e merit or debts,,if follows that gold or si - 'r. The word win is one of WWI settlektriein 7 coins, foreign or.;dormetre, a, regulated, %s -ing. T. * t rimer' , sense of the aims; accord- Congress, constitute the only lawful money. leg to D eVebster, is "the dieusedfe_rstamp- This was evidently Mr. Webster's opinion' in , Eng , • . " and the undisputed' signification that .able speech on . the Specie Circular, of the - . . ()cording to most,ifnotall, * tell- which stns cited at the bar, and in which he ' eographers, is "to stamp•metalaniftearivert it declared "that . 907 d and eater, at rates fixed by into coin." In Wharton's Law, Lexie/M; (ad, Congress, constitute the legal standard of yid ;serious° it. Is said: •"Strictly speaking,' coin uean this country, and that neither Congress differs from money'as the species differs rote nor. any State has authority tO eAtablisli any the genus. -Money is. - any matter,'. lib ther ottier'standard or to displike this." ' And still metat paper, beads. shells, dm., wlikh het enr- _Morn,: emphatically: - "Most unveestionattly rency aim medium ineammerce. Colin ie• ear- therceis and there can be no legal tender in tietdar species', direr made of metal and rack this country under the authority of this Gov- According to a eerfainpreeees ca ll ed cOinin' "It *eintnent, or any other; but gold and silver.' -e% was urged, at thebar—l. do not know wh then nix is a Cfnulitrlional prinrtge, preeedy Plain, perlmslYor not—that printing Iseitampin 'and and - of the eery higb.oct fmportthirz. The States these notes might therefore literally be • id to, are expressly prohibited . from making any be coined . No inch use of the xeord in, any 'thing but gold and silver a tend er in payeent author kis been shown.. We may , Afty cur. ;of *lees; and although no such express prohi ithely to coin a story meaning to ineenteine, titian is alielied t' Congrees,yet. as Congress but neveii.te coin the book in which :lit le print- has no power granted to it but to coin money al: ' is a fiction—the coinage Of the end to regulate thevalue thereof, it clearly luie braine t &hook a reality.. Surely4however, •nopateer to rrilmiltdt e popi,r(or anyching - dee Or no—one will contend in earnest, that if el Suf- , co i n oe , a tender. The constitutional tender is ficient number of clerks bad been•empte sd, the thing to be preserved, and it ought to be and these notes had all been written wa • • the preserved sacredly under a ll eircuatstafiCe,q."-- hand,they would have been uneonstitaiti nal, (4 Welister'a Werke, 271,280) I must Medea but that printing them nukes . there . ea :Lee that ;uponle - quo:4lon of this inagnitude=amid To state the case thus is to reduce , the ti gie• the einitlet of :Value by which.l am sureound i taunt to till absurdity. ; • - 1 ;•-. . . • ,'eri—iny mind has restefrwith confidence. and : . It may seem like laboring iune • lily satistaction upon this elear and decided eons Severe:plain 'prOpeaition,.but I will • elusion of a erdat . in - kneel,. • .Mr. Webster's I some furth e r illustrations. 1.. . fame rests mainly on . his emieence as a; con, The poke in question draw iiPlaln di ; hie. stitutiomil lawyer. The Constitution' ; :has Lion On their Ace between thenaselvee and been the study of his life, the subjectat mast coins. hey promise to pay dollars: • - t Sie his professional and; political.effortii. He i is a dofthr ? To a similar question, Wha is a .belonged. to no school of strict, construction, I a. poend4 Sir Robert Peel'eswered.: "4 .but on-all occasions was found always con- pound lin *Melte quantity of 'gold, wit tending fele the broadest charter to the Fed mark upon it to determine its weight and . era] Government. The °pillions he expressed ness." Many pages 'hare been written to in his' seat! he the Senateofeho United ; States, controvert tole definition, and toprove th t a, under the sanction of his official oath, are en pound*a mere abstraction—something ci te' titled to be received as - deliberate and well n i7 amatheerfatiad point, without length, breadth! considered. • ; - -- or th , eis.. But commen sense, I' • ' -With Mr. Webster I regard - these Prey - 11;- 1410:e Sir Robert Peel A standard ea-. ; ions Of the Conatitntion upon the subject Of `sure be some actual length or es ty. 'contracts and tenders as "of the very highest •--a - rd .weight some actual weight.-- mpartalice," 'sad "to be prescved sacredly ~.w.._:. can other weights andmeasure- he ;m.der 'all eirefuestancei" - They rest' upon ' with it? This is thigobjelet of ay fitheitions, which ought to beeconeidOeffes:Of N standard of valne.mtutt be; the moat inviolable. solentnitt SU - -thnes an eflie ...,- e¢. strength .Imndation on Y ' Aliteisatilefince sluff affection of .ters4r.ithe aliettrikr- which it gmusin preetesttre This depetith in tinatolin --eetZSlllisie -.constitutional.- provisions *-- iteiy protect, melt+ the - ,Eglsof .sejustace,itlike the delly.ethistrma. ~.efeAkiffthcieaceetanlatAiieavieg.s:4l .:telnatt;. notbnlyfroni:Wiffid4W, ,;lititcfrom thregoviereLMe — ittsielfMi4V. me form of open and equal taxation. • ; ; , has been: strongly . urged Aron us that , c s , ~ ..., egress has the power of debasing the coin, el wood; 38. & C., 187; Story on Nett's. Par:. Z i ther in.weight or fineness, without Changing-, ,i 59.) Payable in • what? In themselves, if f ,the denormeatioa or-legal value. What, it 1 1 they are.coins, or dollars. - They are pinini,, Ibis. been asked. is the difference between that rses to pay on demand payable in promise's teljand issuing paper money, even though , pay on demand: A iiromi.se to pav my rep,llpaper should be at the time depreciated be-1 1 resent coin; and circelate as such. his kop. i, low the value of quirt? I answer,. that because erly designated ..101-etrivite-y, and is •one - of pCongreN3 may: possible accamplish a certain., many modes • by Which the use of an extien- ~ end by constitutional means, it does not foil sive standard May be spared by the- substitu. low that the sonic object can be obtained by tion, as a medium of exchange, of public or ; means which are not constitutional. Though, m Private credit, It is safe and .convenien t as „by the, pylices.s of debasing the metallic sten well as economical, as lon', as it repreSents ildard. C' tigress • may, piataps, recluse all debts, I the standard, bv . being immediately,concerti- 'public ri d private, fifty our cent, it does ncit 1 ble into coin. lint in its very nature ith riot .follow at they can enact directly that the.] coin:. Its value or power of purchasing. oth- - Man - who ow CS one hundred dollars to atioili.-1 cr commodities depends as well upon the eon. er shall be quit upon the tender of fifty. We i fidence of the community in It he ability!. and..,aPP l s' l4 " such prineiple to other cases. ' Be-1 intention of the issuers to redeentit as upon cause under a power a man may dispose 'of i the amount issued. Coin, „ upon the othe an estate by will, we do net hold that he can I , hand, posse present, actual, intrinsic eel: do the sane in any oth6r way thins that di-1 ue. It you oblit e rate front the pound weight recta; or prescribed. • - ' 1 - the public mar:. which attests its conformity , But considering it merely as an :r gantet t ie the standanr, it, still weighs the same as of the intention of the framers of the Crush , before. Scryen may erase the image fmni the tiition, It appears to me equally inconclusivek, , coin, yet , its value remains: Blot: out, how,ev- . There are very imi or ant differences et. ; the superscription from these pieces of pa- tween debasing the coin . and issuing paper I Tor, and nothing remains—they are worth- , money, though their Practical results _may in! less. The. stamp on the coin is really nothingi some respects. be similar.' It May- we have' but a,certificate, of the weight and fineiseert i t •beeri intended to-leave to Congress fflicretion ' that piece of Metal. Government guarafftee las 'to the 'One, ;but todeny‘.to either, branch nothing tut this—makes no contract to dully- l of the Government, State or Federal, any 1 er corn, wool, Or leather in exchange for it.-4 . discretion us to the other. ~. The_ power of regulating its Value can imly • ; I. The ffsbaSing,,r,f thc c:iiti as a financial extend to, declaring . that in law a .eettain .measure for t.lie purpose of discharging the number of one coin sliall be deemed the elui- public debt WOllll be un or(en, gross, and pal- Talent of another of aldifferentidenominnt on Pablo breaehlof faith, smrfeelY possible in the in contracts and other . transactions. .it. the I preient.:(ge of the. world. Changes, lioiVev- market, unequal values cannot be made equal 1 er: for the re re puziose of reg9ilating! the by law. , Congress eras no power to enact bow i value of the currency,' may be occasionally many-. bushels of wheat an 'eagle . sbali ex - 1 reelessary. ": rbiti4iry governments," s.ays change for, and if they oast, and should Make Albert. Gallatin,/.•lue .at various times, in the experiment, the act, - like•all attempts '..by order to defraud their cr4ditors, debased the Government to change the laws of .value, coin, whilst they presi.trN its denomination, j which are n a tu ra l laws, would be futile.. . and. thus r l sith titled the standard value, .by ' The legislation of. Congress upon thia Rub- which , the/pa tent of public and private ject recognizes the differences between these debts, anal ormance of contracts ought United .States notes ; and coin, and thatiteeY:- to • have bee rtimulated :This' fl a grant are not iif, equal vale.' . -•-1 . .. mode/ of 'Mat re , public . faith has .. I, o. ~ : The-act before us (Feb. 25, - 1862) reqUireS been .f ling . proscribefl -by ' public. °pin duties on Imprirts tied the interest of the Pith , . ion: Governments , have; in. modern times, lid debt to be paid in coin, and provides that substituted for the some. purpoie, issues the notes "shall be received the =Me 48 ?via ‘ 1 of paper money, gradually increasing -in 'at their Tar value in payment for any livnal amount and decreasing in value. It was to that may theieefter be sold or negotiated by 4 - guard against these . evils.-that..the provisions the Secretary of the Treasury." Sc) by/the fin the Constitution 'in that Subject were in- Set of March 17, 1862, the Secretary 'of . - theltrodueed." (Considerations on the,Currency, ••Treasuzy is authorized to purchase cotes With p. 72.) ,' , ; . - . ; ' t • them at such rates and upon suck ,terms as l, -it islrue-that the rein-has been debased in he. may deem most advantageoini 'to_ the, our 0‘ .,..p, t i mes ;In d country. butliever with a 'piddle interest. And the act°- f Mardi a 4 ; View tai defraull eitheT publict-or private cred -18043 prohibits the loan Of isirrerity or meney ti itois. When the coilinge of the United States on the security of gold or sillier coins,. [ ex ".i . was first regulateti io 1752, a double standard, ceding in amount the pareitelae of Me '‘ l4 - 411 4 both of, gOld and silver, was adoeted and the pledged, or depo.ittst as security. By the itrst. , proportion of these two. metals fixed at one of these acts coin la-treated as the standard ij j to fifteen, which was then about their true by the last, paper. Theyonespetks of the f relation iu the market. Ibit though the re value di the notes, the other of the par value of 'llion between gold and silVer is' certainly the coins. / . - - I 1 more steady than that between any two oth- If tie word coin iota any more genera or eeconinandities, at least within Shortperiods fignrathe sense in"e phrase, to coin money, et time, yet it is not immutable: ' Accordin g . 4. than that I have assi gned o it, it must Ibe iy, about the year 18731, a change 'ma:L(4p held to • have I,fie ein other . parts of ; the served to have occurred. An ounce' of gOhl, article- In foreign:coin will he included for- instead of being-worth only fifteen Ounces of Olga paper,/money, and Congress may Mgt- silver, was really exchangeable for'abont six late its,vaha, e, and make it a legal tender.-- teegjouncLs. Of emits° no one would pay a They may thud treat notes of • the Bank; •of I debdwith sixteen ounces of 'Silver, when he Englandand • France. . Austrian .and I could do so with fifteen. The. consequence ; Lgoecnunent - money, but ' not t was that the gold collie disappenred entirely State bank notes. Congress has no power of ' from circulation, in aedierice to the inva ria regulating the valueof any money except for. • ble law . hat the mental , legally - undervalued AIM coins and money a ny by its own. au- is always expelled.. Sayer became practical authority. If to coin money .means to stamp sly the only standard. - The act of Juno 25 Taper, then the clause which forbids ; 'the 1834, commonly called - the gold bull, under- States "to emit bills of credit." wasunnoceasa - took to restore the true relation. To (knits. urgent snlii ary; the prohibition "to coin money" in ded it. The terms of that very prohibit show that in the minds of the makers of Constitution "to coin money" and "ernifb of credit" were two entirely distinct and fcrent things. In short, inwhaterrcr point Ma • 1111 ■ - i = - • .11 - -, : 1 ,,,f.1 '.:.;? '''. • . .-- . 4 ~1 4 1, 1 .- ~,, - ... •-. '#4 - i.-- :,,•11, (4 4 ,I . veo. ,- -, • - , .., • _ ' ? '.? . .. 1 1 -.- ' • ' IP S • i.,. - ..--. 2 ,1- • - .., . _ ts, eit,her the gold coin mixt be debased or the silver, enhanced. The latter course would Wive been fraught with more injustice end' snitieliief than the former.'. Though the true policy - may have btien to let thlrtpi alone; or. to have established as the - only legal What tai on Ilshe ~ AD VR liSk E'liallE2OrS. 1. - I___..')'' ;.. .'. - .•.. 4 " . i.... i • A.9rFrtieerrainte arc iniertett a! tLe rift of it,Otl,Pelt - slow tut ckfat 14..ortiou, and (or trAlt subset:m:li to--: .trt.oir 4o u r nik:. A Lille" al iliac oot Ei4ado oti f yeallY ' - A spate cqaal to 7.c.x iiurs.of dile type =Arad as - f. Iftttittess Notlmitset utylet a 1....1 by ibetaielsra tisk- - j4noillbiteTY allot the local &ire; tclll INS clistr4 pilturi‘' sty lett teat:tali= Cut each Uesertitta. . - '• : ..; Iligurteges - And deaths uouuttuougl tree of eliitrite. : • 1 - The publi.ale:i resertys the tiLht to , thange adc L er tbuttaiuts from 'one platz;la the paper to enutb* . :IriletOrbr it is 'claltiblii td44_l4. - , ,s • ~ -, ~ 'A.tratisements should be Itoodtklu before Monday--, k'boon* insiere lusertbm in 'bite week's paper. - , , had isractioidly:bpeome the. actual tihtildlid ; ' yet really; pure •and'auct claim:id -.atatesmen were, then aud still aiirtabled LO a different policy.: Subsequently, by Lite' act:te Jumpily f ir 18;1217, tie weight an standard :Of the.eeibl of both - Medals were sii Idly changed wititud ~ design but to maiutaiiiilif powible, a, etirieu _cy of botlkgeltiand silver. 'Silver, however; being now undervultuat was'itatindual: from - chtulatton as told, ha*bc.tat before. _By thir act of .February,. 21. 18A -a, much more mi- • siderable redtiOlon ,was - Made in the weight of silver coin's `'teas then the dollar, hotovi-, dently only foi - Alle . purpose.of:supplyieg j. - subsidiary currency, fur small I,:iyinent4t for I by the'same act tit.WriS provided that thc ail- i ver coins i..ssucain conforthitytheryto should be legai teridefi. in pavulent - of debts for 'all sums - not expeeding die llollar4. — thaVe 116' doubt that.all this :tampering With:the coin ,-as unwise and unust. Whatever'tnay be - the advantage*lof a-double . standard, .they are too dearly *purchased •hy' the :frequently. re- ' curving neem. , itySor - these changes. Tait I do not see thatlthere was, hiany - of these in stances, a ermOnal breach of public thlth. Or anlntentita tO interfere with private con- tracts. In 'ISM, the publio debt had been thett rceentlyikptidated in full, and at the pe-. tied of none:of these measures was anything to b@ gained by the Governient.frinu thezu;: but rather the:reverse: • :c..-, , . . .:. . . . 11, There is another. impertant dlifenmco , bet Ween the two me,isttres of: ' debasing the coin end issuing paper: money.. ~When an act is pasied debitsur. .the coin, all mischief ii. - done; On the diZy fellowing, - ithe prices or . .iiirmarketa adjusted them - Selves to ,ehe.inew standard. Commodities; real • orPersonal; - ' lands or chattels; are of exactly the ; sfime, e - X 7 . • ehangeible value as before ; tbe only difilir mice being that' their_ value is e. rased id different figures.. An ounce of geld wilt still. ' buy the. -same number of , bushels of wheat;, _. whether it be coined into tirentY pieces, cal- Ted dollars; or • forty .piece.;. True, .debtors' are richer,at the expense of their creditors; but that gross injustice also: is finished.— Every I • man, creditor: or debtor., eapitalisti or. laborer, knows exactly -where he starids.- - -: Not so with paper money. - As Inuit existing ... contracts, the same, and even worse injustice • ' is done, if • the 1 itrier clepriy.iates i - than - when . , the coin - Is fieliased. All = equality is at an end. To-clay r man pays at .01i. - discount, to-morrow ,he receives at anoth-, er. There is, iss truth, - no standard of .t•al-;.. . tle whatever. The. paper money varies like i • the mercury in :the_ barometer, acted on -by the:iinperincunibene column of air, sways e _o and fro byrthe t' de's of atinosphere—neitsliio; • now low—not rarefied,: - now' confienfied.;— Thus; as co ce r 'ilseg or talia,but thorn ni l 1 certainl; aribriatissare increased or ciintractett. ' 1 the value pfaverii man's.: plop the real /pike of his Mot; Wye!`: lll3 eat PrO9 l Fit) for it - oc-itrii necessaries and comrottak.or Ere, . fluctniites'frent'.`dar to day. This.`tveis Just whew the nienot the Revolution who met in : the Federal .Convention-=who assembled in the .State Conventions and ratified tile OM. ; Stlention, had not merely: beard with their. Ears, but seen with their: 60n eym, touched and handled with'"their.. Own hands.: and felt in their own pocketit- - They had not ' the ad- vaniot reading the MAW_ lerstorTretnifited in amorerapid :anti iiireivrited form in thin paper Money` of revolutionary Eciptek., , ,ilhit theyineeded. it not. They liair.quile . enongl( in tliar*rn_experience.temake:flririte,elt m enrz.„-, - : 1 :•4 1,- , : tkin All e11ct04 4(2 4 411 0* - tt! , P,PFr7 l' i i i *PY' .- -: 4 , : iii . e ..44..- ~.;H- : :::- ' -- ' -'-'-r-:, -, ... . :-,-Ortsihs: -: y am: -' •, • i ),..4.:(..e.' • -** liFrisiliii ot' is" - V Congress o .. • , ~t •• ,',.' 25..1iiii2, dottaring the surer, bolted in.piirsildnee - ,:- of that act lei be lawful money and a . leqp i d , :pato* • is , unconstitutional. .• . - I .- ~ t . ; - This roders it uneccrssary mat /shfitild 'con- I;ii:fleillie oiler rivestion, Me=rle ham box *cute (ax io.the ,Ireet or the aperid, INll4 , inelet to.!pay in. itawfal se7rrr-moneg of the United Slates. lane I - in fo co) , .of eat ring jurtuizent for the plaintiff,. but ,f 4 It inljorito ..of the court amt. of a differ- . int 'opinion,. ji . nigment fol. the ehlenfhint. -• • • A wurrEti 'illustrating the- :fact that sonie errors are lifted into iniliortanee by efforts to refute thenVphen tiny .need, to be treated with contempt and ridietile, observes .that all the bloWs intlictad by the hereniew4t eldb*f certatri,logicians, are not half So effectual as,a box on the ear a a eelebra'.ed atheist by the hand of some charniing beauty. ,After bay - - .ing in win . preached to a circle of ladles, he attemped to engage himself by .ziayin4 "Pardon my error; ladies . did not • itnaginge that in a house where,Wit Fiera With. grace, I alone should have the, honor .(,rf not heliering irilGod." "You are notalone, 'sir,", answered the mistresi of the house. "My, horse, my dog, my cat, share the {honor with - you; only,tbese poor bruteste ihe gelid sense not to boast Ont." 'i • THE CHICMIjO TrE74EL CAVED arr . pears probably' that-the hopes,of.Chicago, rel speitiog the Liike Tunnel, areidooned 14 4P ininointhierd. On Friday diorning last• sides of 'the \V hingt on' st reet tunnel caved ih. It was acaltenpaniol by a-,trentendnuas crack and nei:*,.‘vaieh aroused sleepers in the:vicinity; and cau-,sd malty to suppose that an eartlinhake had'oecorred. The net had not ye{ reached the liver, though it. Was lvit Id.ba few feet of it: I.: , ,airs are now strongly entertained that the river will break through, and tUld its .volonte of wal.er.lo the generardestruetion. TM:MAG:S6V A 'Tn.t•tll,l:—Thc trade of "Fenian informer" .drpeari:. not to • hare been a bad one, • The Chrk lkodd says that Corydon, one of these inforthers,- made a de - , and on the. British irovernment for - 125.90 1 / as the price of his . services, hut, I hey objecte.l. `and fmallv agreed-to pa $15,400,w bleb 'Proi4. a comfortable annuity, for this AvOr thy during the bal:ince of his life. ;; A GR ., ..vrtr.NrAN once asked a little :lA, an only child; how inany. Sisters she ten], and , . was told "three or fottr." • II& inot her - asked: Mary, when thev were what had ducal her to tell 'such: an nittruth.: "Why,, mania," cried Mary "I '<lidn't want him to' ihink.you Were pooll that you hadn't 'int one child." • - , • • .. . . . . . . .. TH!: Lott(1.11 Speq-in,r, , sap; that th..:! sumo entlitinsts Nl h- el:niplain -bitterly be 'cause Burke, the Fenitio, is not.' lkangekl .will lionize Davis, "th&, loan' who is responsible fur the west thiprovt,ked, i iek..l), antl..tnor (tenis war -of itie-lt analeru histoty Diatke4 mention." ' . . ' 1 =I Prtess k .-N sehoolmkter, with a t•tlary of thtity dollars. a •car, I.e,rites to Berlin pa llet': hear Prnsia is alsait to send to the Yan Expasirzon a inoiiel school lionst,... If Prus-ia ilesires t• mintriete - the specimen by ng• •at ?snipe tone a seltuslinamer (1.7." log', of hongerd T -ore the lire that other modOl rot; a very low rate - or - pay." . • ' - A erlmormAx 2-avo teat that whit very pal:int at fat e tir'enutn'oc eelehteßrn; "Our fire en in( they be like old maids —ever reutly, but never wanted.' •-, -A r,Atrr leasing. home - ..ivas tintk aOurrssed by her little bob• : will you retietn nd buy me a a•hi_+tii•, and II lIE
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