i SE — | Superstitions Have Such » Strong Hold “It is the hardest thing in the world,” wrote Gilbert White in 1776, “to shake off superstitious prejudices. They grow up with us at a time when | ‘they take the fastest hold and make | the most lasting impressions; they be- come so interwoven into our very con- | stitutions that the strongest good sense 18 required to disengage ourselves frow | | them.” And even with the strongest good sense, there are those among us today | who look with dismay upon a mere | black cat crossing our path and who | wouldn't think of molesting the crick- | ets chirping on the hearth. And think | with what solemnity we enter into the | ancient custom of wishing on the | %reast bone of a fowl. . | Although the supply seems inex- haustible, there are many superstitions that have been long forgotten. White | tells of the shrew-ash that stood in the barnyards of his English forefathers. It was just an ordinary ash whose twigs and branches were endowed with curative powers, It was believed that when a shrew-mouse crept over a horse or cow, the animal was threat- | ened with the loss of the use of its limbs, The beast could be restored to its normal state only by applying the twigs of the shrew-ash to the af fected part. But in order that the shrew-ash pos- sess those curative powers, it had to be prepared in a certain way. Into the trunk of the tree a deep hole was bored with an auger, a shrew-mouse was thrust in alive, and plugged in, no | «doubt, with certain quaint inecanty- “tions. —Detroit News, ‘Why One Is Cautioned to Mind His P’s and Q’s | My grandmother frequently used “the expression “Now, mind your p's | and q's,” when cautioning her grand- | «<hildren about getting into mischief | and nearly always when they left the | house to go for a visit. [I find my- | self using the expression, but was | “stumped” when my daughter asked me what it meant and where it came ‘from, Can you give me some help? asks a reader of the Indianapolis News, and that journal answers: The expression Is commonly used to mean “be careful” According to some au- “thorities, it originated among printers when all type was set by hand. Type bearing the p's and q's was easily ~¢onfused by apprentices, and journey- men printers urged them to be care ful about distributing the letters to their proper place In the case. This explanation commands the weight of authority, but there is a contention that the expression came from Eng- lish alehouses, where accounts were kept on the back of the door under two general headings, pints and quarts. If the customer charged a pint of ale, a chalk mark was made opposite his name and in the pint column, After the customer received his wage, he went to the inn and pald his bill, or, as the old expression had ®t, minded his bill, or business, hence the expression in the sense of an ad- monition to strict attention to the ‘husiness or affairs at hand. Why Glass Changes Color The bureau of standards says that 4lass frequently changes color on ex: “posure to sunlight and the surface may | weather or decompose slightly on ex posure to certain types of atmospheric conditions, The color change is gen. erally from the initial color of the glass to a purplish tint. This is thought to be the result of the action of sunlight on the manganese which was used to decolorize the glass, The weathering produces a scum on the surface of the glass and renders it fess transparent, but does not in gen- eral change its color, Why Countries Separated Norway separated from Sweden It 4905. In June 7 of that year the king of Sweden refused to sign an act es tablishing separate Norwegian con sulates, and the Norwegian ministry resigned. No one would accept office. whereupon the Norwegian storthing voted that the union between Norway and S.veden had been dissolved. since the king of Sweden had acknowledged himself unable to form a Norwegian ministry and could not discharge his eonstitutional functions, Why Bare of Trees “The absence of trees in the prairies. steppes and similar grasslands Is doe © principally to natural conditions, such as climate, soil, ete. Practically no forests occur In regions of less than 20 inches of rainfall except coniferous forests in regions of low temperature, where evaporation Is slow. Why Termed “Gridiron” The word gridiron is derived frou. the nilddle English gredire, and is of ancerialn origin, perhaps connected with the old French grediller, mean- ing to scorch or burn, The word for merly designated an iron grating used for torture hy fire, Why Shell Turns Red I'ie carapace, or shell, of the lob ter turns from green to red when holled on account cf a chemical change in the chitin, or hard substance, in the zhell produced by heat. The flesh does not turn color, Why Iron Is Colder Iron feels colder than wood be »ause metals are good conductors of heat, whereas wood Is a poor con- ductor Street Laundry in Genoa. (Prepared by National Geographic Society, Washington, D. C.)—WNU Service. MOUNTAIN recently was blown into bits near Genoa to make way for a seaside high- way between the city and Samplerdarena, one of its suburbs, Before excited Genoese who crowded every vantage point, tons of dynamite, which had been poured into 700 foot drilled holes, leveled the rocky bar- vier, thrusting a large part of it into ‘he Genoa harbor, Genoa may be considered the Alma Mater of the Americas. She nurtured Christopher Columbus in his boyhood years, when he dreamed the dreams that were to shape his life; communi- cated to him a love of the sean that had made her great; imbued him with a dominating thrist for the adventure that was hinted at by every strange galley and caravel that crowded her harbor, and all the motley throng of bronzed seamen from distant lands who jogged elbows with him on her ays, And, having reared the hoy Colum- bus in this atmosphere, the city sent him forth to battle with true Genoese spirit for his dreams until that Oec- tober day in 1492 when, fulfilling them, he wrung a hemisphere from oblivion to add it to the map of the world. The Genoa of today is a great mod- ern city, if you center your attention on its Industries, on its steel ships, on the dwellings of its upper tiers, on the business of the Via Venti Settem- bre (20th of September street), and the crowds of prosperous-appearing, well dressed people who throng that thoroughfare morning and evening to Yoliday proportions, But Genoa is not only a modern city. The links that tie the present to the times of Columbus, and to days long before his, still hold strongly. One may step on the very stones on which young Christopher walked; the walls that rose beside the narrow ways that his restless young feet trod still stand, block after block of them: and only a few steps from the present business heart of the city, where heautiful modern buildings rise about the Piazza De Ferrari and the Via Vent] Settembre starts upon its hroad, straight way, is the most im- portant link of all, the House of Co- ‘ymbus, This dwelling of Domenico Colombo, father of the future admiral, and of Susanna, his mother, was the place in which Christopher spent his early boyhood. Tourists must view this his- toric old house from the outside, un- less they have & special permit. Records All in Palaces. Official records of the family of Columbus are kept in municipal of- fices, These offices are in one of the beautiful old palaces of the Genoese nobles, Whatever activity you search for in Genoa, it seems, you find in a palace. The city offices are in one, the port officials transact their business in another, the prefect looks after matters of state in a third; and oth- ers are museums, art galleries, schools, and telegraph offices, You begin to wonder, as you make your way from palace to palace, whether the butch- ers ard bakers and candlestick mak- ers of Genoa conduct their businesses in these sumptuous structures, and to doubt that in Genoa's palmiest days there were any commoners at all to ‘ive in mere houses. In the municipal palace Genoa keeps mementos of her illustrious sons, whether by birth or forced adop- tion, There are portraits of the great statesman, Mazzini; the incomparable explorers, Marco Polo and Columbus; and sundry heroes of the Crusades. In a glass case rest the violin and bow of the world’s master violinist, Paganini. At an end of the council chamber, carved from one piece of marble, stands a tall pedestal surmounted by a bust of Columbus, A recess has been cut into the pedestal and fitted with an ornamental bronze door. This a custodian unlocks and takes from their marble resting place Genoa's most precious documents: three let- ters written by the hand of Christo- pher Columbus and signed with his curious signature, and a parchment book containing copies of the docu- ments through whieh various priv- ileges and titles were conferred upon him by Ferdinand and Isabella. All the letters were written from Seville to Genoa, two In 1502, as the great navigator was preparing for his fourth and last voyage, and one in 1504, after his return from the New world. Two are to Nicolo Oderigo, an important citizen of Genoa, who served as ambassador from the re- public to the Spanish court. That of March 21, 1502, tells of sending his book of privileges for safe keeping. | Treasures Carefully Guarded Now. The letters are framed now anc protected by glass, This was not al | ways so, as the missing lower corner of one of the documents shows. ‘This fragment, the custodian tells you, was | torn off years ago by a tourist who had been courteously permitted io ex- amine the letter—~one of that inex- plicable breed of vandals, the soul- less souvenir hunter, to whom ethics | apparently are beside the point. | As soon as a privileged visitor has examined the treasures, the watchful curator takes his treasures and locks | them again in their queer place of safe Keeping. The Columbus house is some distance away but every step adds interest to the traveler's stay in the city. The narrow, winding streets teem with an Intimate mix- ture of wheeled traffic and pedestri- | ans, Some of these ways have nar- row sidewalks, from which the pedes- trians spill over at intervals. Others have no curbs, and one must needs compete for space with taxis, open “cabs,” and laden carts. Still other ways are mere crevasses between old five and six storied tenement houses, far too narrow for wheeled vehicles. Suddenly you leave these congested streets and come out into the Plazza De Ferrari, the largest of the open spaces within Genoa'’s business sec- tions. One side of the square is lined with the buildings of Old Genoa, the walls of palaces for the most part: but on the opposite side a newer | Genoa stands forth—the Teatro Carlo Felice, the Academy of Relle Arts, the new Bourse, the post office, These fine structures are relatively new and form the portal to the Via Venti Set. tembre, When this era of new constructio. was under way many ancient buildings were demolished. Part of the ground s0 obtained was used as sites for the new structures and part was left va- cant and added to the piazza. One | of the blocks of closely packed build. | ings marked for destruction contained | the house of Columbus. The identity | of this edifice had long been lost, but | became kmown in 1885, after which | the property was purchased by the municipality and set aside as a monu- | ment, | in the House of Columbus. The house originally had five sto. ies, but was only one room in width, It was hemmed in between taller buildings and was in part supported by these neighboring ectifices, When this group was torn down the entire house of Columbus could not be left unsupported, so the upper three stor- fes were removed. The two lower stories, roofed over, now stand iso- lated, an approximate cube of rough masonry—a sort of Genoese Kaaba and, like that sacred Meccan shrine, a | center of world interest If not of pil- | grimage. | Inside the large wooden door the | traveler finds himself in a gloomy, | unlighted, boxlike room, wholly bare. It is some minutes before one's eye can make out the details of the in-/ terior. The floor is of stone, and the | brick wails have a queer, jagged sur- | face. Overhead the beams and thick | floor boards have the same rough, | nicked appearance. Your guide ex-| plains that for a long time before it] had been identified the house had been used as a tenement by poor | families of the eity, and that when it | came into possession of the munici- | pality its walls and ceilings were en- | crusted with the grime of centuries. | Serubbing would do no good; so stone | cutters were put to work with chisels and mallets to eut away the incrusta- tions of half a millennlum and to bring to light a surface at once clean and nearer to that of the Columbian | era. i Toward the rear of the portion o. | the building still standing is a nar- row, winding stair of wood. The front | room on the second floor has two win- | dows In the front wall, is more airy! and is better lighted than that be- | low and was probably one of the chief | apartments of the Columbus family. | Its walls, too, have been chipped to | form a fresh surface, and the floor, | reasonably elean, has probably been | scraped. Into one of the side walls! has heen set i mueble slab, carved in- | to a charming base-relief of the Santa | Maria, the ship which bore Columbus | on his great adventure, In a corner | stands a little statue of Columbus, | the boy. These are the only mementos | of the great man who as a child lived | here; for the rest the house is have, | | sloners appointed HOW PIPS ON PLAYING CARDS GOT NAMES THEY GO BY.— When you say you are calling “a spade a spade,” you mean that you are not mincing your words, but are using those that exactly describe whatever you are talk- ing about. At that you would be all wrong if your remarks were applied to the queer looking ob- Jeets called “spades” on a pack of cards. They were originally rapiers, und they derived their names from the Spanish word, “espada,” meaning a sword. Another misleading card name is “clubs,” The first playing cards came from Spain, via France, and this particular suit in these early packs was stamped with a baton, or ciub. But the French substituted for this em- blem a trefoil, or clover leaf, al- though they did not trouble to change the rame, Hearts have nothing to do with the organ that pumps the blood through the body. They were originally called “cups.” You can trace the resemblance even now if you look at the pips turned upside down as they are in the two top rows of, say, the six of hearts.—Chicago Ameri- can, Bhi Pee bee H eed PPD B DG GRP Pb PPP ddd ldo d Pld PPP bebPdd ddd ibd How the Word “Rival” Got Meaning It Holds | Many words are so changed in mean- | ing from their original significance | that there remains no logical connec- tion whatever, And yet to be initiated, | their course from their earliest begin- | nings is as plain and clear as the | course of a well-mapped river flowing | from its source to the sea. And “river” brings us to the sto:, of “rival” our word for a competitor, | for one of two people who are striv- ing to reach the same goal, both of whom are trying to get what only one can possess. Hardly a relationship there, to the naked eye, with a river. And yet “rival” comes to us from the Latin rivals, which means “pertaining to a brook.” The story is that in Latin “rivales acquired the connotation of “neighbors who got water from the same stream,” and the Roman Digest discusses the contests that sometimes arose between such people concerning their riparian rights,—Kansas City Times, How to Hang Pictures The charm of a beautiful picture nay be ruined because it is hung either too high or too low. Some rules to go by In hanging pictures follow. Place the pleture so that one standing can see it without raising or lowering the head to do so. The center of the picture should fall di- rectly on the eye level. Hang pie tures so that they will be well bal- anced. If you have a large. heavy | picture in the center of a wall space | on one side of a room, balance it with | some tall piece of furniture or a wall hanging on the opposite side of the | room. Groupings of small pictures help to create that feeling of balance —only be sure that the pictures | grouped together have some feeling in common, How Play Teaches Child Denial of au child the chance to slay not only deprives him of pleus- ure, but robs him of some of the fundamental lessons of happy living, the children's bureau of the Depart- ment of Labor stated in announcing the publication of a bulletin on child care, “The Child From One to Six.” In play, the bureau says, the child earns to play his part, to wait his turn, to pay a penalty if he plays out of turn, and to adjast himself to the demands and ideals of the group. How Lamps Differ The filament of a carbon lamp fis | made of absorbent cotton that is dis | solved in a zinc chloride solution | | which forms a thick viscous liquid | that is forced, under pressure, through a die, thus forming a long thread-like filament, It is then dried. shaped and afterwards carbonized. The filament of a Mazda lamp is pure metallic tungsten that is drawn through dies, the same as any other wire, the final drawings being through diamond dies, | | How Capital Was Chosen i When congress voted thar the | capital! should be located on the | Potomac river, It also decreed that | President Washington should be | permitted to select the exact spot, | He did this with the assistance of | Thomas Jefferson and John Adams, | These two, with the three commis- | to prepare the new seat of government, named the city Washington, and the district Columbin, | How to Freshen Leather Leather work, if embossed and stained. loses a little of its color In time. It will retain its freshness long- er if rubbed with a good leather polish after the color has been put on. Be- fore restaining, remove the old color with methylated spirit if a spirit stain was used, or with hot water if the col- oF wis an water stain, How Bran Is Made Dran Is made from the broken coat A the seed of wheat, rye or other cerenl grain, separated from the flour or men! hy €ifting or halting, | year. | tighter, | move.—Popular Mechanics Magazine. Cradle of Icebergs on Greenland West Coast The world holds few more awe-in- spiring spectacles than the movement of Icebergs out of Jacobshavm fjord, into Disco bay, on the west coast of Greenland. Jacobshavn glacier is the world's greatest mother of Icebergs, the experts claim. On the average, it calves more than 1,350 bergs each wide and running back inland fifieen | miles, between high precipitous walls, to the front of the glacier. When the investimators ran the prow of their lit- tle eraft into the mouth of the fjord, they were met by an impassable wal? »f hergs, The hunters made their way afoot to th» top of the recky bank. As far as eye could see in the fjord, Icebergs were packed tightly, row on row, a breath-taking aggregation of white pin- | nacles and domes. They estimated | that the great rock-walled trough held | between 4,000 and 6,000 bergs. The movement of the bergs is not | a steady march. Most of the year they lie there, packing in tighter and About once a month they Judges’ Charges Short but Much to the Point American love of “wisecracks” ex | tends even to the judicial bench, and a Pennsylvanian magistrate received commendation for what is claimed to be the shortest summing-up on record: “The ham was there, the prisoner was there. The ham was gone, the prison- er was gone.” For lucidity as well as brevity that certainly will take some beating, but some of our own judges have run it pretty close, writes a col- umnist in the Manchester (England) Guardian. The late Justice Cave, in a case where there had been much hard swearing on both sides, addressed the jury: “Gentlemen, one side or the other ig telling lies, Perhaps you can | | tell which it is. 1 cannot.” Lord St. | ileller, too, once delivered his charge | to the jury in a divorce suit in two | helef sentences: “If the husband were the: brute his wife says he was, she is well rid of him. If he is the saint he makes himself out to be, he is far | too good for any woman,” Politeness Personified Our recent anecdote about the chi'd who rendered the second line of the Lord's Prayer: “Hollywood be thy name,” has brought to us from Mrs. C. M. R. a story which is new to us if not to all of our readers: A little girl from Boston whose name was Halliwell was spending the night with the Cabots. She knelt at Mrs. Cabot's knee to say her evening prayer. “Our Father Who ‘art in heaven,” the little one began devoutly, “Cabot by Thy name.” 3 “What? That Is not right, dear! sald tha startled lads. “Oh,” said the child, “of course a. home I sav ‘Halliwell be Thy name,’ but here I thought it more polite to say ‘Cabot. "—Boston ‘I'ranseript. LEGAL ADVERTISEMENTS XECUTOR'S NOTICE.—Letters testa. E men! having been granted to the the estate of Mary Then Tom Parker called. oro Same et | He wants to buy for selves indebted to same are requested tc | slaughtering.” make prompt payment, and those having Mr. Hart laughed. “Let me have the telephone! Coming together like that, I'll say ‘ves’ to both of claims sald estate must present them, duly authenticated, for tthe FIRST NATIONAL BANK of State Coll W. Harrison Walker, or Attorney. 77-7-61 HERIFF'S SALE.—By virtue of S a writ of Alias Levari Facias issued out of the Court of Com- mon Pleas of Centre County, to me directed, will be exposed to public sale at the Court House in the Burough of Bellefonte on FRIDAY MARCH 25, 1932 The following property: All that certain messuage, tenement and lot of ground, situate and being in the Borough of Bellefonte, Centre Coun- ty, State of lvania, bounded and described as follows, to wit:— On the East by lot of W. J. Musser; on the North by Lamb Street; on the West by lot of Al Landis; on the South by an Alley. The lot having a frontage of about 47 feet between the corner posts, and extending back from Lamb Street toan | Alley, 150 feet, to a uniform width. Being the same premises which James C. Furst, Executor of Testament of John The Jacobshavn fjord Is a giant | . trough in the solid rock, four miles | CANDIDATES MUST Warning that heavy penalties are | imposed by law when political com- | mittees receiving or more | than $50.00 in support of any can- | fice fail to file expense accounts with | him is being given by the of the commonwealth, Richard J. Beamish. A circular letter setting forth the requirements of the law is ‘sent to every candidate who files a petition with the department of | state. It explains that the law ap- plies to both the primary and gen- eral election campaign for any of- fice for which there is a state-wide election, and the account must be filed with the secretary of the com- monwealth. The report must be de- tailed, itemized and supported Ly bills, vouchers and affidavits. The penalty for failure to file is not less than $50.00 nor more than $1,000, or by imprisonment for not less than one month nor more than | two years, either or both, at the ! discretion of the court. Committees representing individ- | uals or organizations during former | campaigns have quite generally fail- {ed to file such accounts when they | have had charge of a limited tern- | tory such as a city, county or dis- | trict, and have taken the stand that | they have complied with the law if ‘ they filed in the county where their political work was done. | They must file with the secretary 'of the commonwealth however limit- {ed may be the territory under their | charge, whether working for one | candidate for a state-wide office, or |for a group that includes one or ‘more candidates running for such | an office, Beamish said. The law ap- | plies to both the primary and gen- eral elections. i | —— ! OBERT HART eyed his herd speculatively. Comfortably bedded down and content in their stan. chions, forty cows returned his gaze. “Star boarders,” he mut. tered, “that’s what half of them are. I can’t afford to replace them—and I can't afford to keep them!” It was the old problem of dairy farming and Mr. Hart pondered it afresh as he returned to the house. “There were a couple of telephone calls, Bob,” said Mrs. Hart as he en- tered. “Old Mr. Beal is sick again. Can you take over any of his cows? Employers, granted and the unto | : Farry Ward and Rosa Ward, his wife. ‘This Interests Yoru Seized, taken in execution and to be sold as property of Harry Ward and The Workman's Compensation Rosa Ward. Law went into effect Jan. 1, Sale to commence at 10:00 o'clock A. 1916. It makes insurance com- | M. of said day. Terms Cash. JOHN M. BOOB, Sheriff, Sheriff's Office. Bellefonte, Pa., . March 1832, 77-10-3t ———— ——— - a — COLDS, WILSON'S Sroes of Honey, Horehound Menthol . .. 5€ AND FOR SMOKERS, SINGERS, SPEAKERS pul | ing such insurance. We ‘ | Plats and recommend Accident | | It will be to your interest to consult us before placing your Insurance. JOHN F. GRAY & SON State College Bellefonte | Good Printing A SPECIALTY at the LIQUID - TABLETS - SALVE 666 Liquid or Tablets used internally an 666 Salve externally, make s comple! and effective treatment for Colds i Remedies Known WATCHMAN OFFICE Most Speedy KR," Bde” Bit" nes MODERN WOMEN est in soto iin pone mir coos BOOK WORK ches ts Diamond RELIEF. Sold & : that we can mot do in the most | Tiable snd Evo QUI TLEEICO ERR satlnfaciory manner, snd at Prices NINE Call on or communicate with this X i “THE DIAMOND J BRAND"
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers