————————ee—S—
Bellefon Pa., July 81, 1931.
LOOKING BACKWARDS |
NINETY YEARS OR MORE.
I was born in a log house in 1842.
It had a large stone fire place with |
crane and hooks to hang pots and
kettles, and an iron spider with)
three legs about four inches long |
and a handle about ten :nches long.
Mother pulled coals out from the
logs of wood and set the spider on
them, with lard, and was making
fried cakes one evening. I was four
years old and there were two young-
er children I had to look out for
myself. I sat in the home-made rock-
ing chair by the chimney corner
and dropped to sleep and fell from
the chair, striking on the spider
handle and spilling the lard on my |
arm. Dad dropped the baby and
grabbed me up. I carry the scars to
this day. ;
Everyone cooked over the fire
place as there were no cook stoves.
Some had bake ovens by the side
of the chimney or out of doors, made
of brick which they would fill with
wood and heat up, then rake out
the coals and put in a lot of bread
and pies and bake them nicely. My
grandfather's house had a chimney
in the center of the house, with five
fire places, three down stairs and
two upstairs, and another with stone
bake oven in the back kitchen.
The first bath tub and cook stove
was installed in the White House in
1851 by President Filmore, the ne.
gro cooks didn't like it--they'd rath-
er have the creeks and rain water.
What would they think today to see
cooking done by gas and electricity?
We had to go to school at four
years of age, had three months win-
ter and three months summer, and
a different teacher each term; pick
up any old books we could find,
hardly no two books alike. How
different now!
An old box stove stood in the
middle of the school room that took
in wood nearly three feet long, and
men in the district would draw in
bark and logs for wood and the big
boys had to chop it up at noon time.
Some young men did chores for
their board and went to school. One
noon Ed Burley came into the house
with an axe on his shoulder and the
younger children were dodging
around and Mary Kelley ran under
the axe and cut her head open. Her
big sister, Martha, took her and ran
for Uncle Cyrus, blood running down
her face and hair.
We used to get foolscap paper and
make writing books and go out to
the barn and catch an old gander
and pull a quill out of his wing and
take it to the teacher to make us a
pen. He had a little knife for that
purpose and called it a pen knife.
Teachers were cheap in those days.
M3 oldest sister taught a summer
ool on Shumway Hill for 75¢.
a week and board ‘round. Mary Ann
Barlow, afterwards Mrs. Prebel, got |
$1 a week and board 'round. She
said it was good pay too. John Ban-
ey's mother taught the Dratt Settle-
ment school for $7.50 a week and
boarded herself. Every teacher had
to build his own fires and sweep the
school room. Some change since
then.
We had to go six days a week
After a few years they gave us
every other Saturday and finally
every Baturday.
Everyone went to meeting on Sun-
day, large and small. We had to!
name verses for Sunday school.
Some of the girls that had time
through the week used to commit
a chapter. We were not allowed tc
play games on the Sabbath. Now
they are fighting the Blue Laws so
sports’ and base ball games can be
held on Sunday. When that is ac-
complished next will be horse races
and bull fights.
I remember hearing my grandfath-
er sing bass with his deep rich chest |
tones. Everyone used to sing--old
and young. My father went to sing- |
ing school when I did. He sang
sacred songs--very little glee music.
Instruments were few, the violin
was called the Devil's music and
was heard with singing. Organs
were unknown, the square piano
cost $600 to $800 and but few town
people were able to have one. Ther
the reed organ came and soon near |
ly every house had one and instru- |
mental music took the place of vocal
music.
The last singing convention held
in Wellsboro was away back in the
60's, in the old Presbyterian church
in Elder Calkins’ time. People were |
there from Sullivan, Tioga, Middle- |
bury and Charleston. We gave A |
N. Johnson $100 for five days and |
sang from his book, the Allegheny |
collection.
Then the upright piano took the
place of the organ and the girls
couldn't play the organ and the
churches had to have pianos which |
soon were out of tune owing te |
heat and cold, and the singing fol- |
lowed the piano.
The first upright piano I ever saw
was at the Centennial in 1876, in|
the French department. —Chauncey |
H. Dartt, in Wellsboro Gazette.
A s——— A —————
——Some forty residents of Mill- |
heim and vicinity are out of pocket |
$125 each, cash contributed to I.
Frank Bilger for the purpose of
starting a plant in Millheim for the |
manufacture of statuary. Bilger is!
now in the Snyder county jail fora |
similar swindle perpetrated there.
m—
——Dr, Walter K. Foley, of Min- |
neapolis, who has a national reputa- |
tion for treatment of varicose veins,
is in town holding a clinic at the of-
fices of Dr. Capers, in Crider's Ex-
change. Today will be his last day |
here and at State College. Consul-
tations are free,
———————————
—If you read it in the Watchman |
you know it's true. ]
PLANS TO BEAT
UNEMPLOYMENT
By ROME C. STEPHENSON
President American Bankers Association
OME look upon unemployment as a
social or political problem. For
them the remedy is compulsory accu-
mulation of reo
serve funds on
the insurance
principle through
contributions
from the govern- |
ment, the employ- |
ers, the employ- f
ees or all three. |
That will not |
meet the present
emergency, since
these reserve
funds have not
been built up and
it would take
sears to du so. At best this plan could |
only become effective at some indefinite |
time in the future as against the re-
turn of another catastrophe of general
unemployment, Others look upon unem-
ployment as purely an economic prob-
lem, holding that the only fundamen-
tal preventive is in business stability, |
It may well be asked whether either |
of these cures—namely, the creation of
unemployment insurance funds on the
one hand or the maintenance of ever-
lasting business stability on the other
—do not present in themselves bigger |
problems than the problems they seek |
to cure, However I am inclined to
the belief that the more practical ap-
R. C. STEPHENSON
proach to the solution of such prob |
lems and the prevention of such situa-
tions as general unemployment pre- |
sents is along the latter lines of eco- |
nomic foresight rather than along |
lines of social legislation.
National Foresight
Bconomic foresight is conceivable not
only for the individual but for busi-
ness as a whole. Millions of indi-
viduals and virtually all lines of in-
dustry failed to practice it during the
last stages of the recent prosperity.
The public welfare of the United
States demands that industry as a
whole vigorously and sincerely devote
itself to the development of plans of |
economic foresight, aimed to prevent
repetitions of the present unemploy-
ment situation. The general outlines
for such plans are clearly definable. |
They demand that industry adopt a
long range viewpoint and lay out its
production and distribution plans with
the thought that it is far better to |
have a long period of good sound busi-
ness activity than a short period of |
frantically over-competitive endeavor,
This would tend to lessen over-pro-
duction in various lines, to prevent
over-expansion of plant capacity, to |
avoid over-stimulation of public buy-
ing and above all to avoid periods of |
slumps and stagnation following pe-
riods of overstimulation with their
disasters of unemployment.
For business, too, there fs a pan
in such a conception of economic fore
sight. It should aim to cooperate with
industry in its endeavor to avoid reck-
less over-production, over-stocking and
over-selling the public.
In this picture of national economic
prudence, banking and finance, too,
have their place. Their effort should
be to influence the use of credit and
other financial facilities into channels '
of sound public economy consistent
with the attitude I have already
sketched for industry and trade. All
finance, whether current commercial |
banking or industrial investment
banking, should seek by their influ- |
ence in granting or witholding credit |
to stimulate and build up a balanced |
economic situation,
The Individual Must Help
Ainally, the individual too has a place
in any such plan of a sounder eco-
nomic future for the United States.
It is the duty of the individual to
make every effort to take care of him- |
self and provide for himself. Neither
government nor industry can do that
for him, They can give him the op-
portunity to succeed but they can't |
succeed for him. He must out of his
own initiative and effort earn and
create his own means and defenses
against the requirements and contin-
gencies of life.
Individual determination to provide |
against sickness, accident and death
by insurance before indulgences in
extra comforts and luxuries are given
place in the family budget, and indi-
vidual responsibility to guard against
the contingency of unemployment by |
means of a sounde@rogram of thrift |
and savings are to my mind the true
foundation of economic stability fer
the United States as a whole.
|
A limestone spreader, owned by a
bank in Illinois is rented out to farm.
ers for ten cents a ton, and also a |
phosphate spreader at five cents a ton.
The “limestone project” was the prin. |
cipal contribution of the bank to
banker-farmer work, during 1930, and |
was carried on in cooperation with the |
Farm Bureau. A man trained in the |
testing of soil, and in the making of |
soil maps was employed by the bank.
The unit maps used covered forty |
acres, on which 23 surface tests were |
made at mathematical points. At five
other points three tests were made—
completed map showed, by varying |
shadings of red, the points which
needed limestone. Arrangements were |
also made by the bank to have lime |
| stone shipped in in car lots for sake
to farmers in any quantities nceded
| When he saw that it would be almost
| these are carried as swords or mus
i Ly
! surface, sub-surface, and sub-soil, The | Une of “The Maine Stein Song.”
Embassy Captive Saved
by Message in Bread
It was hardly surprising to find that
the Soviet ambassador to France is
sued a prompt denial of the story that
three of his fellow countrymen were
being held captive In the Russian em-
bassy. but something of this kind real
ly did happen in London once, writes
a columnist in the Manchester Guar. | ¢
dian. Lord Alverstone tells about it |
In his “Reminiscences.” In the mews
at the back of the Chinese embassy In
| Portland place, a plece of bread was
picked up, appropriately enough, by |
a baker, and inside it was a note ad- | :
dressed to a certain Chinese resident
In London. The note stated that the = &
writer had been about to pass the
embassy in the company of two of his
fellow countrymen when he had been
bustled Inside, and that he was now
a prisoner in an attic in the building
and feared that something worse war
wing to befall him.
The foreign office was not at all
pleased to be confronted with such a $
felicate situation, but the attorney gen-
eral was quite positive that diplomat. | X
le privileges did not Include liberty to
Incarcerate anybody in an embassy, |
and, an intimation to that effect being
gently conveyed to the ambassador,
the
room
course of history might have been al- |
tered if that bit of bread with its mes- |
sage had not been picked up. for the
writer of it was the Sun Yat Sen who |
a dozen years later became first presi
dent of the Chinese republic.
Remarkable Low Note |
on Australian Organ |
On the great organ in Sydney town
oall, Australia, 1s a pedal stop of 64
feet. The pipe actually of that length. |
the lowest C, does not stand upright, |
but Is bent In several places, so that |
it may be accommodated in the inte |
rior of the Instrument. The note this |
giant pipe emits—the stop is & reed |
stop, a “contra-posaune”-—is fearsome. |
It is more like a cavernqus growl than |
a musical note, and one of the little
Jokes of the tuner when he Is show.
ing visitors through the great army of |
pipes In thie organ is to have the fa. |
mous 64-foot pedal pipe sounded when
the visitor is alongside it and not ex-
pecting the shock. It is an unfailing |
surprise. The vibrations of this low |
C can almost be counted—ie which |
regard, no doubt, the note resembles
that of the basso-profundo whose |
boast it was that he had always to
begin to sing his lowest note 82 bents |
before it was needed, since it took so!
long to become audible to the listener! |
| ticle in Pathfinder Magazine. This i:
| club originated in the Club Breton, es | [i :
Lizard Teaches Lesson
Chuckwallas are gentle und easily |
nandled, and make interesting pets If
captured and kept In comfortable
quarters with a satisfactory food sup
ply. We know too little of the hab. |
its of even our common wild neigh |
bors, and these dwellers In the desert |
| could teach us many things that we
| do not understand, says Nature Maga.
zine. For instance, If we could elimi |
nate the waste of our bodies by
means of dry uric acid instead of hy
drinking quantities of water, it would
be very convenient at times, and we
might go for months without drinking
water. Apparently none of the cold |
blooded reptiles suffer from the heat.
and many thrive in the hottest parts
of our low desert valleys, basking on |
rocks so hot that one can hardly hear |
to touch them with the naked hand.
Siam’s National Flower i
The chrysanthemum, regent of ori |
ental gardens, but comparatively new |
in the Occident, is about to have its
one thousand six hundredth birthday.
Following its arrival In Japan and |
China from Korea in the early 300's,
the little pompon was Immediately |
adopted by oriental royalty. The |
chrysanthemum still remains the na
tional flower of Siam. In Japan the |
16-petaled flower adorns the emperor's
crest. The star and collar, emblem of |
the Imperial Order of the Ohrysanthe- |
mum, is the choicest decoration the
emperor of Japan can bestow and Is
seldom found on the breast of any |
save royalty. i
|
Sell “One”
The advertising munuger of a cer
tain company was endeavoring to sell
his plan to the board of directors.
impossible to do so, he made this re
mark: “It Is not necessary for me to
£0 into the details of the complexities
of this sound advertising plan with
one member of this board, because this
intelligent man understands advertis
ing well. T would, however, like to
confer with him immediately after
this meeting.” When the meeting was
adjourned, every member remained In
his seat.—American Mutual Magazine, |
Boys on Parade i
As In the case of the college stu
dent, it takes but little to start the
New York street urchin off on a pa
rade. He finds a long pole, or even
a discarded and dilapidated broom
which will do for a flagpole. He an!
his companions seize on a pile of ce!
ery stalks thrown out by a grocer:
kets, and the line of youngsters per
haps half a dozen In all, march proud-
I¥ up the street to the badly sung
|
Husbands and Wives {
The man wno tells you that he never |
had an unpleasantness with his wife |
ig a lar—or a dod.-—-American Maga.
zine.
prisoner was released. There is g
for speculation how far the 3g
| ® inches each to a height of 6 to 10
| and if it moved at a perfectly uniform
angular velocity in its orbit. ‘Thus, at |
| lasted from the year 1 to the year 100. |
| Inclusive; the second century ended
| nary oll paints containing a propor |
| tion of fine asbestos, borax, sodium
DUTCH IN SOUTH AFRICA
ACQUIRED NAME “BROER."—
os “Boer,” as applied to the de
» scendants of the Dutch settlers
in South Africa, Is frequently
mispronounced. It Is the Dutch
word for farmer and Is correct:
Iy pronounced like English
THE GERMAN CRISIS
From “The Iron Age”’
"Germany’s present troubles are fiscal, rather
than physical. German wealth is not impaired, her
physical assets are sound—Her present trouble re |
flects extravagant living, misuse of credit, and polit-
ical mischief —
Germany has been traveling the socialistic road,
governmentally operating many of their social serv-
ices which has been wastful, as always it is—German
politicians have threatened communism on the one
hand and fascism on the other, and each has spelled
repudiation, and reoccupation of the country by the
French. No wonder that persons with credit should |
transfer it to other countries where it would be safe-
@ “boor.” rimi g with “moor.” not
“door.” Dutch *“boer,” German
“Bauer” and English “boor” had
a common origin and originally
they all had the same meaning i
—farmer or countryman. The X |
English called the Dutch in
¢ South Africa “Boers” or “Boors”
because most of them were en ©
gaged In griculture or cattle 3
? raising. The Afrikanders never
called themselves boors unless
they were actually farmers
Early English writers, when re
ferring to the South Africans
spelled the word either “Boer”
or “Boor,” but gradually the
Dutch spelling was appropriated
in this sense. due no doubt to
® the fact tha: the English word
® “boor” was upplied specifically
? to a clownish or unrefined rustic
or countryman.
Germany now needs help in the form of long time
credit. She can get it by renouncing her nonsense. |
Her economy is sound, but her politics are crazy. If |
the rest of the world now goes to the rescue, it may |
reasonably impose severe termsof financial and, per- |
haps political, control, for socialism is not to be |
trusted. ”
How Tropical Rubber
Tree Clings to Habits |
The Hevea rubber tree, which has
Jeen cultivated as far north as Flor |
ida, still clings to habits formed dur
ing its centuries of life in the actual
tropical jungles. It sends up a slen-
der central trunk In spurts of about
resplien Jiom these growing spurts THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK
BELLEFONTE, PA.
feed the tree during Its next spurt.
The clusters shed when the spurt ends |
and a new cluster starts higher up.
The trees do this to enable them to
get encugh light to grow in the jungle.
where the struggle for light is flerce.
Although the tree has, in Florida,
enough room and light to grow stead- ¢
ily without competition, It still retains J
its sprinting growth as though it still | gi
needed this special method for fight 5g HE
ing for light and life. x: 1
Hew Fume cb cu ee ld 3@NEY’S Shoe Store g
The Jacobins, the most famous po I
titieal club in France at the time of : WILBUR H. BANEY, Proprietor !
30 years in the Business 5
|
i
feet hefore branching out. During the |
i
|
!
the revolution of 1739, received its | E&
name from the fact that it rented the ;
refectory of the Jacobins In the Rue gl Fa
St. Honore, near the seat of the na | Jf BUSH ARCADE BLOCK n
tional assembly in Paris, says an ar | f
BELLEFONTE, PA. Ha
tablished at Versailles shortly after |
the opening of the state general In
1789. At first composed of deputies |
from Brittany, it soon was joined by
others from various parts of France
Mirabean and Robespierre were early |
members. When the national assem
bly went to Paris the club followed it Jill
and took up Its quarters in the refec- {M!
tory of the monastery after which It
took its name.
jj SERVICE OUR SPECIALTY SPECIAL ORDERS SOLICITED oh
-il
i
How Moon Travels
The moon rotates on iis axis In ex |
acuy the same period in which It re
volves around the earth—namely, ap |
proximately 27 1-3 days. The state J
ment that the moon always has the Ji
same side turned roward the earth JE
is not true in the strictest sense. It
would be true if the plane. of Its or
bit and of Its equator were the same |
certain times the observer is uble to
see farther around the illuminated side
than at others, and that there is only
41 per cent of its surface which is
never seen, while 41 per cent is al
ways In sight and 18 per cent is some
times visible and sometimes Invisible
How Centuries Are Counted
‘The ‘I'wentieth century A. D. began
on the first day of January, 1901. and
will end on the last day of December
2000. A century begins with the be
ginning of the first day of its first
year. As there was no year O Im the
Christian era, the first century A D
Straw Bats
REDUCED TO
with the year 200, the Nineteenth cen
tury ended with the year 1900. ete.
How Starfish Feed |
Starfish feed on oysters, clams, mus Ji
zels, barnacles, sea-snails, worms. |
crustaceans and even smaller species |
of their own kind. They are known gap
ns the scavengers of the sea because Jif
they also feed on decaying matter. Fre [I
quently certain kinds of starfish eat
not only the bait of fishermen bur {i
their catch as well, il
See Our Window
A. FAUBLE
How Paints Are Fireproofed
Fireproof paints are usually ord} |
tungstate and other fire-retarding ma Ji
terials.
How Sound Travels |
Sound travels fister and farther
through the ground than through the |
air. Murching men and running horses |
can be heard long before the sound
“omes through the air.
How Collodion Is Made
Colledisn is made by dissolving gun |
cotton and other varieties of pyroxy
!in In a mixture of alcohol and ether. |
How “Love” Is Defined
There ure several definitions, one |
of which i5 “render and passionate
affection for one of the opposite sex.”
# DL —————. a tl co. 5