————————ee—S— Bellefon Pa., July 81, 1931. LOOKING BACKWARDS | NINETY YEARS OR MORE. I was born in a log house in 1842. It had a large stone fire place with | crane and hooks to hang pots and kettles, and an iron spider with) three legs about four inches long | and a handle about ten :nches long. Mother pulled coals out from the logs of wood and set the spider on them, with lard, and was making fried cakes one evening. I was four years old and there were two young- er children I had to look out for myself. I sat in the home-made rock- ing chair by the chimney corner and dropped to sleep and fell from the chair, striking on the spider handle and spilling the lard on my | arm. Dad dropped the baby and grabbed me up. I carry the scars to this day. ; Everyone cooked over the fire place as there were no cook stoves. Some had bake ovens by the side of the chimney or out of doors, made of brick which they would fill with wood and heat up, then rake out the coals and put in a lot of bread and pies and bake them nicely. My grandfather's house had a chimney in the center of the house, with five fire places, three down stairs and two upstairs, and another with stone bake oven in the back kitchen. The first bath tub and cook stove was installed in the White House in 1851 by President Filmore, the ne. gro cooks didn't like it--they'd rath- er have the creeks and rain water. What would they think today to see cooking done by gas and electricity? We had to go to school at four years of age, had three months win- ter and three months summer, and a different teacher each term; pick up any old books we could find, hardly no two books alike. How different now! An old box stove stood in the middle of the school room that took in wood nearly three feet long, and men in the district would draw in bark and logs for wood and the big boys had to chop it up at noon time. Some young men did chores for their board and went to school. One noon Ed Burley came into the house with an axe on his shoulder and the younger children were dodging around and Mary Kelley ran under the axe and cut her head open. Her big sister, Martha, took her and ran for Uncle Cyrus, blood running down her face and hair. We used to get foolscap paper and make writing books and go out to the barn and catch an old gander and pull a quill out of his wing and take it to the teacher to make us a pen. He had a little knife for that purpose and called it a pen knife. Teachers were cheap in those days. M3 oldest sister taught a summer ool on Shumway Hill for 75¢. a week and board ‘round. Mary Ann Barlow, afterwards Mrs. Prebel, got | $1 a week and board 'round. She said it was good pay too. John Ban- ey's mother taught the Dratt Settle- ment school for $7.50 a week and boarded herself. Every teacher had to build his own fires and sweep the school room. Some change since then. We had to go six days a week After a few years they gave us every other Saturday and finally every Baturday. Everyone went to meeting on Sun- day, large and small. We had to! name verses for Sunday school. Some of the girls that had time through the week used to commit a chapter. We were not allowed tc play games on the Sabbath. Now they are fighting the Blue Laws so sports’ and base ball games can be held on Sunday. When that is ac- complished next will be horse races and bull fights. I remember hearing my grandfath- er sing bass with his deep rich chest | tones. Everyone used to sing--old and young. My father went to sing- | ing school when I did. He sang sacred songs--very little glee music. Instruments were few, the violin was called the Devil's music and was heard with singing. Organs were unknown, the square piano cost $600 to $800 and but few town people were able to have one. Ther the reed organ came and soon near | ly every house had one and instru- | mental music took the place of vocal music. The last singing convention held in Wellsboro was away back in the 60's, in the old Presbyterian church in Elder Calkins’ time. People were | there from Sullivan, Tioga, Middle- | bury and Charleston. We gave A | N. Johnson $100 for five days and | sang from his book, the Allegheny | collection. Then the upright piano took the place of the organ and the girls couldn't play the organ and the churches had to have pianos which | soon were out of tune owing te | heat and cold, and the singing fol- | lowed the piano. The first upright piano I ever saw was at the Centennial in 1876, in| the French department. —Chauncey | H. Dartt, in Wellsboro Gazette. A s——— A ————— ——Some forty residents of Mill- | heim and vicinity are out of pocket | $125 each, cash contributed to I. Frank Bilger for the purpose of starting a plant in Millheim for the | manufacture of statuary. Bilger is! now in the Snyder county jail fora | similar swindle perpetrated there. m— ——Dr, Walter K. Foley, of Min- | neapolis, who has a national reputa- | tion for treatment of varicose veins, is in town holding a clinic at the of- fices of Dr. Capers, in Crider's Ex- change. Today will be his last day | here and at State College. Consul- tations are free, ——————————— —If you read it in the Watchman | you know it's true. ] PLANS TO BEAT UNEMPLOYMENT By ROME C. STEPHENSON President American Bankers Association OME look upon unemployment as a social or political problem. For them the remedy is compulsory accu- mulation of reo serve funds on the insurance principle through contributions from the govern- | ment, the employ- | ers, the employ- f ees or all three. | That will not | meet the present emergency, since these reserve funds have not been built up and it would take sears to du so. At best this plan could | only become effective at some indefinite | time in the future as against the re- turn of another catastrophe of general unemployment, Others look upon unem- ployment as purely an economic prob- lem, holding that the only fundamen- tal preventive is in business stability, | It may well be asked whether either | of these cures—namely, the creation of unemployment insurance funds on the one hand or the maintenance of ever- lasting business stability on the other —do not present in themselves bigger | problems than the problems they seek | to cure, However I am inclined to the belief that the more practical ap- R. C. STEPHENSON proach to the solution of such prob | lems and the prevention of such situa- tions as general unemployment pre- | sents is along the latter lines of eco- | nomic foresight rather than along | lines of social legislation. National Foresight Bconomic foresight is conceivable not only for the individual but for busi- ness as a whole. Millions of indi- viduals and virtually all lines of in- dustry failed to practice it during the last stages of the recent prosperity. The public welfare of the United States demands that industry as a whole vigorously and sincerely devote itself to the development of plans of | economic foresight, aimed to prevent repetitions of the present unemploy- ment situation. The general outlines for such plans are clearly definable. | They demand that industry adopt a long range viewpoint and lay out its production and distribution plans with the thought that it is far better to | have a long period of good sound busi- ness activity than a short period of | frantically over-competitive endeavor, This would tend to lessen over-pro- duction in various lines, to prevent over-expansion of plant capacity, to | avoid over-stimulation of public buy- ing and above all to avoid periods of | slumps and stagnation following pe- riods of overstimulation with their disasters of unemployment. For business, too, there fs a pan in such a conception of economic fore sight. It should aim to cooperate with industry in its endeavor to avoid reck- less over-production, over-stocking and over-selling the public. In this picture of national economic prudence, banking and finance, too, have their place. Their effort should be to influence the use of credit and other financial facilities into channels ' of sound public economy consistent with the attitude I have already sketched for industry and trade. All finance, whether current commercial | banking or industrial investment banking, should seek by their influ- | ence in granting or witholding credit | to stimulate and build up a balanced | economic situation, The Individual Must Help Ainally, the individual too has a place in any such plan of a sounder eco- nomic future for the United States. It is the duty of the individual to make every effort to take care of him- | self and provide for himself. Neither government nor industry can do that for him, They can give him the op- portunity to succeed but they can't | succeed for him. He must out of his own initiative and effort earn and create his own means and defenses against the requirements and contin- gencies of life. Individual determination to provide | against sickness, accident and death by insurance before indulgences in extra comforts and luxuries are given place in the family budget, and indi- vidual responsibility to guard against the contingency of unemployment by | means of a sounde@rogram of thrift | and savings are to my mind the true foundation of economic stability fer the United States as a whole. | A limestone spreader, owned by a bank in Illinois is rented out to farm. ers for ten cents a ton, and also a | phosphate spreader at five cents a ton. The “limestone project” was the prin. | cipal contribution of the bank to banker-farmer work, during 1930, and | was carried on in cooperation with the | Farm Bureau. A man trained in the | testing of soil, and in the making of | soil maps was employed by the bank. The unit maps used covered forty | acres, on which 23 surface tests were | made at mathematical points. At five other points three tests were made— completed map showed, by varying | shadings of red, the points which needed limestone. Arrangements were | also made by the bank to have lime | | stone shipped in in car lots for sake to farmers in any quantities nceded | When he saw that it would be almost | these are carried as swords or mus i Ly ! surface, sub-surface, and sub-soil, The | Une of “The Maine Stein Song.” Embassy Captive Saved by Message in Bread It was hardly surprising to find that the Soviet ambassador to France is sued a prompt denial of the story that three of his fellow countrymen were being held captive In the Russian em- bassy. but something of this kind real ly did happen in London once, writes a columnist in the Manchester Guar. | ¢ dian. Lord Alverstone tells about it | In his “Reminiscences.” In the mews at the back of the Chinese embassy In | Portland place, a plece of bread was picked up, appropriately enough, by | a baker, and inside it was a note ad- | : dressed to a certain Chinese resident In London. The note stated that the = & writer had been about to pass the embassy in the company of two of his fellow countrymen when he had been bustled Inside, and that he was now a prisoner in an attic in the building and feared that something worse war wing to befall him. The foreign office was not at all pleased to be confronted with such a $ felicate situation, but the attorney gen- eral was quite positive that diplomat. | X le privileges did not Include liberty to Incarcerate anybody in an embassy, | and, an intimation to that effect being gently conveyed to the ambassador, the room course of history might have been al- | tered if that bit of bread with its mes- | sage had not been picked up. for the writer of it was the Sun Yat Sen who | a dozen years later became first presi dent of the Chinese republic. Remarkable Low Note | on Australian Organ | On the great organ in Sydney town oall, Australia, 1s a pedal stop of 64 feet. The pipe actually of that length. | the lowest C, does not stand upright, | but Is bent In several places, so that | it may be accommodated in the inte | rior of the Instrument. The note this | giant pipe emits—the stop is & reed | stop, a “contra-posaune”-—is fearsome. | It is more like a cavernqus growl than | a musical note, and one of the little Jokes of the tuner when he Is show. ing visitors through the great army of | pipes In thie organ is to have the fa. | mous 64-foot pedal pipe sounded when the visitor is alongside it and not ex- pecting the shock. It is an unfailing | surprise. The vibrations of this low | C can almost be counted—ie which | regard, no doubt, the note resembles that of the basso-profundo whose | boast it was that he had always to begin to sing his lowest note 82 bents | before it was needed, since it took so! long to become audible to the listener! | | ticle in Pathfinder Magazine. This i: | club originated in the Club Breton, es | [i : Lizard Teaches Lesson Chuckwallas are gentle und easily | nandled, and make interesting pets If captured and kept In comfortable quarters with a satisfactory food sup ply. We know too little of the hab. | its of even our common wild neigh | bors, and these dwellers In the desert | | could teach us many things that we | do not understand, says Nature Maga. zine. For instance, If we could elimi | nate the waste of our bodies by means of dry uric acid instead of hy drinking quantities of water, it would be very convenient at times, and we might go for months without drinking water. Apparently none of the cold | blooded reptiles suffer from the heat. and many thrive in the hottest parts of our low desert valleys, basking on | rocks so hot that one can hardly hear | to touch them with the naked hand. Siam’s National Flower i The chrysanthemum, regent of ori | ental gardens, but comparatively new | in the Occident, is about to have its one thousand six hundredth birthday. Following its arrival In Japan and | China from Korea in the early 300's, the little pompon was Immediately | adopted by oriental royalty. The | chrysanthemum still remains the na tional flower of Siam. In Japan the | 16-petaled flower adorns the emperor's crest. The star and collar, emblem of | the Imperial Order of the Ohrysanthe- | mum, is the choicest decoration the emperor of Japan can bestow and Is seldom found on the breast of any | save royalty. i | Sell “One” The advertising munuger of a cer tain company was endeavoring to sell his plan to the board of directors. impossible to do so, he made this re mark: “It Is not necessary for me to £0 into the details of the complexities of this sound advertising plan with one member of this board, because this intelligent man understands advertis ing well. T would, however, like to confer with him immediately after this meeting.” When the meeting was adjourned, every member remained In his seat.—American Mutual Magazine, | Boys on Parade i As In the case of the college stu dent, it takes but little to start the New York street urchin off on a pa rade. He finds a long pole, or even a discarded and dilapidated broom which will do for a flagpole. He an! his companions seize on a pile of ce! ery stalks thrown out by a grocer: kets, and the line of youngsters per haps half a dozen In all, march proud- I¥ up the street to the badly sung | Husbands and Wives { The man wno tells you that he never | had an unpleasantness with his wife | ig a lar—or a dod.-—-American Maga. zine. prisoner was released. There is g for speculation how far the 3g | ® inches each to a height of 6 to 10 | and if it moved at a perfectly uniform angular velocity in its orbit. ‘Thus, at | | lasted from the year 1 to the year 100. | | Inclusive; the second century ended | nary oll paints containing a propor | | tion of fine asbestos, borax, sodium DUTCH IN SOUTH AFRICA ACQUIRED NAME “BROER."— os “Boer,” as applied to the de » scendants of the Dutch settlers in South Africa, Is frequently mispronounced. It Is the Dutch word for farmer and Is correct: Iy pronounced like English THE GERMAN CRISIS From “The Iron Age”’ "Germany’s present troubles are fiscal, rather than physical. German wealth is not impaired, her physical assets are sound—Her present trouble re | flects extravagant living, misuse of credit, and polit- ical mischief — Germany has been traveling the socialistic road, governmentally operating many of their social serv- ices which has been wastful, as always it is—German politicians have threatened communism on the one hand and fascism on the other, and each has spelled repudiation, and reoccupation of the country by the French. No wonder that persons with credit should | transfer it to other countries where it would be safe- @ “boor.” rimi g with “moor.” not “door.” Dutch *“boer,” German “Bauer” and English “boor” had a common origin and originally they all had the same meaning i —farmer or countryman. The X | English called the Dutch in ¢ South Africa “Boers” or “Boors” because most of them were en © gaged In griculture or cattle 3 ? raising. The Afrikanders never called themselves boors unless they were actually farmers Early English writers, when re ferring to the South Africans spelled the word either “Boer” or “Boor,” but gradually the Dutch spelling was appropriated in this sense. due no doubt to ® the fact tha: the English word ® “boor” was upplied specifically ? to a clownish or unrefined rustic or countryman. Germany now needs help in the form of long time credit. She can get it by renouncing her nonsense. | Her economy is sound, but her politics are crazy. If | the rest of the world now goes to the rescue, it may | reasonably impose severe termsof financial and, per- | haps political, control, for socialism is not to be | trusted. ” How Tropical Rubber Tree Clings to Habits | The Hevea rubber tree, which has Jeen cultivated as far north as Flor | ida, still clings to habits formed dur ing its centuries of life in the actual tropical jungles. It sends up a slen- der central trunk In spurts of about resplien Jiom these growing spurts THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK BELLEFONTE, PA. feed the tree during Its next spurt. The clusters shed when the spurt ends | and a new cluster starts higher up. The trees do this to enable them to get encugh light to grow in the jungle. where the struggle for light is flerce. Although the tree has, in Florida, enough room and light to grow stead- ¢ ily without competition, It still retains J its sprinting growth as though it still | gi needed this special method for fight 5g HE ing for light and life. x: 1 Hew Fume cb cu ee ld 3@NEY’S Shoe Store g The Jacobins, the most famous po I titieal club in France at the time of : WILBUR H. BANEY, Proprietor ! 30 years in the Business 5 | i feet hefore branching out. During the | i | ! the revolution of 1739, received its | E& name from the fact that it rented the ; refectory of the Jacobins In the Rue gl Fa St. Honore, near the seat of the na | Jf BUSH ARCADE BLOCK n tional assembly in Paris, says an ar | f BELLEFONTE, PA. Ha tablished at Versailles shortly after | the opening of the state general In 1789. At first composed of deputies | from Brittany, it soon was joined by others from various parts of France Mirabean and Robespierre were early | members. When the national assem bly went to Paris the club followed it Jill and took up Its quarters in the refec- {M! tory of the monastery after which It took its name. jj SERVICE OUR SPECIALTY SPECIAL ORDERS SOLICITED oh -il i How Moon Travels The moon rotates on iis axis In ex | acuy the same period in which It re volves around the earth—namely, ap | proximately 27 1-3 days. The state J ment that the moon always has the Ji same side turned roward the earth JE is not true in the strictest sense. It would be true if the plane. of Its or bit and of Its equator were the same | certain times the observer is uble to see farther around the illuminated side than at others, and that there is only 41 per cent of its surface which is never seen, while 41 per cent is al ways In sight and 18 per cent is some times visible and sometimes Invisible How Centuries Are Counted ‘The ‘I'wentieth century A. D. began on the first day of January, 1901. and will end on the last day of December 2000. A century begins with the be ginning of the first day of its first year. As there was no year O Im the Christian era, the first century A D Straw Bats REDUCED TO with the year 200, the Nineteenth cen tury ended with the year 1900. ete. How Starfish Feed | Starfish feed on oysters, clams, mus Ji zels, barnacles, sea-snails, worms. | crustaceans and even smaller species | of their own kind. They are known gap ns the scavengers of the sea because Jif they also feed on decaying matter. Fre [I quently certain kinds of starfish eat not only the bait of fishermen bur {i their catch as well, il See Our Window A. FAUBLE How Paints Are Fireproofed Fireproof paints are usually ord} | tungstate and other fire-retarding ma Ji terials. How Sound Travels | Sound travels fister and farther through the ground than through the | air. Murching men and running horses | can be heard long before the sound “omes through the air. How Collodion Is Made Colledisn is made by dissolving gun | cotton and other varieties of pyroxy !in In a mixture of alcohol and ether. | How “Love” Is Defined There ure several definitions, one | of which i5 “render and passionate affection for one of the opposite sex.” # DL —————. a tl co. 5
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers