Former Centre Countian Knew Pal of Jesse James. s—— Another Thrilling Story of the Frontier Life of Larry Curtin as Told by George L. Erhard in the Rock Springs, Wyoming, Rocket. Jesse Ewing canyon, picturesque landmark on the main road from Rock Springs tc Brown's Park in the northwest corner of Colorado, is lit- erally filled with historic lore. In the days of old it was wild and bar- barous as any frontier ever known. Today it is subdued and placid in its glorious greenswards and towering mountain sentries. Like a penitent sinner it has reformed and veiled its nonsense with a verdant gloss that shimmers in the sunlight with daz- zling brilliancy. It almost stills its echoes of the past. Its baptismal title naturally dates from its earliest settler—Jesse Ewing __who entered as a trapper for the Hudson Bay Company about 1874. He was immediately captivated by the natural grandeur of the fastness, surcharged with a stilly calm, and its perfect security from the encroach- ment of civilization. The hush of nature fascinated him. The fur-yielding beaver made his acquatic abode along every stream in that sequestered wilderness and thrived until many thousand of the playful ovate-tailed rodents pre-empt- ed the banks of the smaller waters. Beaver fur, used largely in the manu- facture of hats those days, was in great demand; and dauntless trap- pers penetrated every nook of the spreading west in search of them. Additional to their fur, the animals produced an odoriferous secretion named castor, used as an anti-spas- modic medicine. . The beaver, amphibian in habits, capable of living on land and in wa- ter, built its mud and stick lodges on lakes and streams close to the water’s edge. They were substantial dwel- lings so arranged that the entrances were under water to afford the in- mates protection from predatory en- emies, principally wolves. Living solely on berries, roots, leaves and the bark of trees, they naturally ‘lingering pioneer Ewing that sought streams bordered by forests. | Thus the trapper class easily knew where to seek the fur-yielding ani- mals. They also easily were found by hunters because of the distant evidence of their instinctively devised dams. When the beaver found a stream too shallow for his needs, it laboriously erected a dam of wood, stones and mud so ingeniously con- structed that it would withstand the strain of the eroding elements for many years. Thus the presence of a beaver dam directed the alert trap- per. Each beaver house usually held four old and six to eight young cubs. They were so plentiful among the primeval forests that the capture long continued to be a profitable oc- cupation. ASYLUM FOR OUTLAWS. But the interior domain provided a lonely life for the human fan.ily wherein the gregarious spirit of inan often loses its hold and the human entity lowers into a state of semi- savagery. Such sotitudes specially fitted certain men easier than {he men fitted such loneliness. Thus Brown's Park and its feeder canyons lured many adventurous be- ings for reasons best known to them- selves. And the corners of a three- states pact—Wymoning, Colorado and Utah furnished many border episodes and constituted an invita- tional paradise between 1870 and 1880 for men who were fugitives and outlaws from eastern states and moved to the edge of civilization for a haven of personal safety from capture. Most of those early settlers were pleasant enough to meet; but there was a suspicious distance in their be- havior that warned one to not en- croach too close with leading ques- tions. Plainly speaking, that was the chief unwritten law of the bor- derland—*“mind your own business and you'll succeed down here !” Roving bands of gypsy-like trap- pers occupied that domain exclusively for several decades until cattlemen heard of its rich feeding possibilities for their roving herds. When the Union Pacific railway united the east and the west with a ribbon of steel in 1869, cattle literally were poured into southwestern Wyoming, the un- loading taking place at Rock Springs, itter Creek and other contiguous stations. into the far interior, their ownership was made secure by the presto ster- ling mark-the-owner’s red hot initials branded deeply into the hide so it would not grow off. Little did the suffering yearling know what it all meant, save to keep a safe distance from all mankind thereafter. CATTLE ENTRY CIVILIZED. Hoy brothers. who came to this country from Centre county, Penn- sylvania, in the early '80's moved many cattle into. this district. and used Brown's Park. Great winding valley lined with precipitous moun- tain walls, as their home ranch. Lar- ry Curtin, veteran resident of this district, was sent here with a string of ponies in 1882 from Fremont, Ne- braska, by Valentine Hoy who later made Larry foreman of his ranch outfit. Curtin is a Pennsylvanian also; be- ing a member of the Curtin family of Centre county and a close relative of Pennsylvania's famous War Gov- ernor, Andrew G. Curtin. Oddly enough, with the cattle there came a higher form of civilization, a marked elevation in local mankind. Thus Larry Curtin was among the vanguard of crusaders who promoted a respect for the law of the land and its consequences. He is still here after an honorable career of 47 years Before trailing the critters and is highly respected. His unfail- ing memory recalls the many sturdy acquaintances who passed before his view in those hectic days when the dare-devil gentry ruled the open spaces with a high-handed insolence. KEEPING MUM, PAID. The old activities and recalled scenes have been veiled in obscurity ior years. And for obvious reasons, Posibly because they were common occurances in those days, no one seemed to take more than passive in- terest in the many tragedies deeply etched into the turbid history affect- ing that entire south country. But Larry Curtin is a literal mine of information concerning the affairs of Jesse Swing canyon and Brown's Park. Those who roamed the deep valleys and knew their bearings by the mountain peak guide-marks, in- variably kept sealed memories of the many tragic acts because, if you please, it was not very healthful to to even whisper what you knew. If you did, it meant the verdict of your doom! And Larry Curtin, adjured for many years to the unwritten laws of secrecy, kept his own counsel. Now, in the role of The Last of the Mohicans he will relate those stirring happenings cautiously to his close friends of later years. It was during some of those unguarded moments when fellowship itself demands purest candor, that Larry unleased the cryptic messages stored in his mind. He is particularly fond of relating his border epics to his friend, H. J. Boice, prominent merchant and republican state committeeman. And now about , that history. EWING WAS A KILLER. Jesse Ewing canyon will possibly encounter. He was a knife man, quick as a flash with a weapon, but seldom if ever carried a gun for defense. Although grim and stoical in his bearing, he was respected. His prop- erty investment reached $25,000 and it was all his. CARVES MAN TO DEATH. Jesse walked quite briskly into Jarvie’s store one day, and said with an air of indifference, ‘John, I'll take you up the ice and show you the prettiest corpse you ever saw!’ Jarvie startled and uncertain, did not catch the gist of the remark for the time, but followed the trapper meekly up the frozen creek where the bloody remains of one of Ewing’s employees lay in the snow disemboweled and! horribly mutilated. He had been slashed from head to foot with a hunting knife. «71 killed him in a fuss’, said Ewing with grim, fiendish glee. That was in 1881. Jarvie remained to help bury the man whose name ws never learn- ed. He was simply another unidenti- fied adventurer with possibly a long criminal record who died with his boots on—to complete a checkered (career fittingly! “As murder was so common those days and no one claimed the remains nor pressed prosecution, Ewing never ,was arrested for his foul deed. «J AM THAT MAN”—EWING. | “One day a blatant stranger enter- ed Jarvie’s store, made a purchase, then asked: ‘Where is this notorious Jesse Ewing and the canyon named after him?’ Jarvie, startled deigned no reply. But Ewing was standing there and replied: “ qq am that man; what do you want?’ Jesse smiled and stared the stranger out of countenance. The brash fellow was quite embarrassed, left soon thereafter with plenty of misgivings for his folly and precious fears for his safety. But Ewing pass- ed it along as a joke. « “Later, I went up the canyon and slept all night with Jesse. He was sociable with me although TI felt squeamish and feared for my safety. I didn’t sleep much. But he treated {me with hospitality. EWING IN FRAME-UP. | “Ewing was the victim of a near- Ee — — “Ewing could be desperate in an in him. A man’s pony meant every- ‘thing. The fleet equine carried him !everywhere, was often his sole com- panion for days and nights, and brushed him out of harm’s length in ‘every crisis, meaning, perhaps, more to the western cowman than Richard the Third’s famous lament, “A horse, la horse, my kingdom for a horse!” ‘The old ipse dixit or one-man rule ‘over a certain area is gone forever— ithe law has stepped in to maintain decorum and tranquility in every cor- ner of the nation, with possibly Chi- cago facetiously excepted. HOOVER INTRODUCES : DINNER TABLE REIGN. The Hoover administration is be- coming known as a “dinner table” administration. | Only two or three nights have pas- sed since the Hoovers moved into the White House two months ago with- out a large group gathered about the President and his wife at the dining [table in the executive mansion. | It is'a new departure in the White House. Social Washington has begun to marvel at it. Never has there been such an “open house” maintained at |the big colonial mansion on Penn- ylvania avenue. It is nothing new for the Hoovers. They merely are carrying into the | White House a custom that prevailed 'in their California home and in the S St. home for years. In Califor- nia it was a group of college friends, professors and their families, who were guests for dinner or Sunday night “supper.” S St. neighbors and official friends were frequent guests | during the time when the present President was Secretary of Com- merce. | President Hoover is timid in the presence of public crowds, but he likes to have people about him in his home. Sometimes he is with a dinner group and not “of” it. He sits, quiet- 1v at his place, with only an occasion- al monosyllable injected into the con- versation. At other times he takes a lively interest in some conversational topic. He is fond of anecdotes, and tells many that have cropped up in his | varied experience in all parts of the {world. Avidly, he questions anyone {who is informed on a subject in always retain that title. It is graven plot in 1884 that ended eventually in which he is interested, munching nuts deeply into the public mind and his tragic death. He went to Salt from the compotes about his plate means just that. And who was this been some man, as they say. Lake City to sell pelts. While there, he he fell in with a dance hall subrette ' ' should stand so sternly in memory’s whose paramour, named Duncan, was resentative, and most of the dinners abysmal depths? Well, he must have a typical rowdy type of handy gun- are informal affairs. |man. Ewing aged and unkempt, pro- containing various assortments. The group of guests always is rep- They serve a |useful political purpose. Through Standing straight as an arrow, posed marriage to the actress and | them the President is enabled to keep with towering six feet of real man, his smooth face almost gave him the appearance of a ghostly hero of revo- lutionary war fame grimly returning to life as a portentous oufe—a figure | to fear—is the way Jesse Ewing ap- peared to many he held in subjective fear for years. His sandy complexion was the proper background for his deep-set blue eyes of the liquid kind, penetrating and dazzling. As optics are the windows of the soul, so Ew- ing’s eyes revealed the inmost nature of the man who was arrayed by na- ture to perform sterling hardships and to brave every possible physical handicap alotted to man. He could be austere enough. With- al he was known consistently as a smiling fellow. Ewing was about 55 years old in 1882 when Larry Curtin first encountered the picteresque plainsman. He was big in name out in his haunts and his word was law. It was whispered that he was a fugi- tive from Missouri where he had the reputation as a killer who always got his man and evaded the authorities who abjectly feared his formidable nerve. : Ewing even smiled, so they said, as | he slashed his adversaries to death, the figure of grim savagery with a smiling accompaniment to disguise his real hostility. Like the Parthian horseman of old he systematized his deeds and, “Like the Parthian horse- man, flying, wounds.” MEMBER OF JAMES GANG. It was hinted from the outset that Ewing was a retired member of the notorious Jesse James gang of Jack- son county, Missouri, and consorted with the Fords and Youngers of more or less unsavory reputation. He de- lighted in his given name, Jesse, which might have been an adapta- tion of honor for the real Jesse James. Ewing acted like a hunted exile, was watchful, cautious, alert— dropped to his earth couch, slept with one eye open, and arose with the military spring of an Indian. He re- ligiously planned against being trap- ped, and apparently lived in fear of a surprise by searching officials. His own mysterious conduct con victed him in the minds of his ac- quaintances. He employed, guarded- ly, five or six under-trappers. When he needed funds to finance his pay- roll and to procure provisions, he stole away with Bedouin stealth and reappeared with the same guarded secrecy. He always had money when he re- turned and did not entirely depend on his fur pelt sales for maintenance. It was hinted that he received money from the James gang and hid it in a cache known to only himself. CURTIN MEETS EWING. “I met Jesse Ewing in 1882 soon after I landed at Brown's Park,” said Larry Curtin, “and he was a type of handsome frontiersman. John Jarvie Sr. had a wayside store and mail re- lay station near the mouth of Jesse Ewing canyon, close also to Red Creek, Bosling mountain and Clay ba- sin. He built several log cabins and outbuildings within the canyon and called his miniature village, Mountain Home. He raised no stock but did some placer mining between seasons and his diggings are still being work- ed for copper ore by Vernal people to keep up the assessments. “It was thought Jesse Ewing had plenty of money buried in the hills where he got the money to pay his men. And it was whispered that he was still a member of the James gang and .stored their loot for them. But he feared a return to his birthplace on account of the reward offered for his capture. | was married to her with the under- i standing that her friend Duncan | should accompany them back to the i interior. “Ewing fell for the scheme, wel- comed them to his castle and for a time they got along pleasantly. It {was a pure frame-up by the actress and her pal to inveigle Ewing into a trap, then rob him before their lanned flight. The woman, it later was learned, was a courtezan and she conspired with her confederate, Dun- can, to overpower and kill Ewing, se- cure his money, then escape. EWING SHOT IN BACK. The affair culminated in the shoot- ing of Ewing in 1886. Details of the quarrel were never fully known. It was said Duncan shot Ewing in the back fearing the vengeance of Ew- ing’s friends, Duncan hastened to Vernal, Utah, and gave himself up to the authorities. He was tried and acquitted on a plea of self-defense | He alleged that Ewing attacked him in close contact. Members of Con- ‘gress, bureau chiefs, foreign diplo- mats, newspaper correspondents, old friends are mingled in the groups which gather about the table at night. Often celebrities visiting in Washington are included. Occasionally the President takes official members of the group after dinner to his study to talk with them about some pending problem. Politics is not discussed at the dinner table. Mrs. Hoover takes a lively interest in conversation at the dinner table. | Like her husband, she is informed on ‘many topics, not only of general in- terest, but of special interest. Both have lived and read widely. White House dinner invitations always have been coveted. The course of history, undoubtedly, has been af- fected by the influence of such recog- nition. This “dinner table” administration may bring some interesting develop- ‘ ments. | eee eee. EE —._.s eC with a knife and that Ewing was a | known bad man who was forced to | leave Missouri for his knife killings. | SUPER-BRAINED GOLIATHS. “With slight rebuttal testimony and Ewing’s reputation as a knife | killer, the prosecution made a mere shadow of a case and the defense at- {torney had no difficulty in establish- !ing the innocence of his client accord- ing to the inexorable law of the times. DUNCAN COMMITS SUICIDE. “As death is often preferable to a ‘ conscience-stricken - being, Duncan suffered intense agonies of mind dur- ing his wanderings for two years following Ewing’s murder. The wo- {man followed Duncan wherever he went. It was said that they frequent- ly quarreled during which she accus- led him of his foul deed and upbraid- | {ed him scornfully. Her tirades weigh- led heavily on his conscience until he became morose, morbid and melan- choly to the point of desperation. Her constant nagging lowered him rapid- ly. “She confronted him with the crime like. a haunting spectre, in an effort to hold him within her power. She finally drove him to the rash act of suicide. He collapsed after sending a bullet through his body but he did not die instantly. He lingered for two hours before death ensued. With the sands of life ebbing he counted time; and when convinced that he could not survive and that death was certain, he whispered a confession be- and brutally murdered Jesse Ewing in cold blood without provocation. He did not implicate his “Lady Macbeth” as an accomplice in the killing of | Ewing. That was the finality to a dull romance! “While in Colorado Duncan was friendly with John Jarvie although the latter never suspected Duncan of the conspiracy nor the wilful murder. “Lou Simmons was another odd character of those days. Simmons trapped for Ewing several seasons and got close to him as any man could. “Simmons asserted he was a son in-law of Kit Carson, heroic figure of the earlier plains, and took great pride in boasting of his family con- nection although he never spoke rev- erently of his domestic relations for he evidently had an unhappy union; and the only eclat Simmons got from his connubial venture was that his father-in-law was a famous army scout and hero of the frontier.” Thus the “horse-tilities” as they were called, of that strange and fas- cinating realm of early days incubat- ed many a wild character—if it was tween gasps—that he had wantonly | Dr. Riddle, head of the Carnegie Laboratories, proposes to develop a ‘race of super-brained giants vy the cell manipulation treatment and ‘more or less complicaica process of feeding. i The learned doctor believes his | theory easily possible of demonstra- | tion—providing men and women will | deliberately submit themselves to the necessary scientific treatment—a highly technical operation that would make men and women mere tools of science and as a matter of fact as prosaic as incubators on a poultry farm. 3 ( Maybe Dr. Riddle is right. Very ‘possibly the things he claims could happen. But it is a 500 to one shot | they won't. Human nature would { have to differ vastly from its present ‘ state of being before Dr. Riddle could | make his dream come true. | Anyway, what would be the ad- | vantage of being ten feet tall? What ‘good purpose would be served by add- ing a few cubits to human nature? { What economic good would be accom- plished? Maybe this idea originated with the shoemakers, the dressmak- ers, the tailors or wool trust. Per- haps the grocers’ association is back of it. But isn’t it hard enough now to get the money with which fo buy clothes and food, without adding to the bills in the way Dr. Riddle pro- poses? And who would care to in- vite a ten-foot man and his wife around to dinner? And what would we do with all our present buildings, with folks stooping over to get through the doors and standing with their shoulders propped against the ceiling like Sampson pulling down the pillars of the Temple? It's sad to contemplate, but not nearly so tragic as the fate of one of these new style Goliaths consigned to a regulation size hotel bed, or doubled up in a sleeping car berth. No, we are afraid it won't do. ‘There are too many obstacles in the way. And besides, if Dr. Riddle creates a race of Goliaths, it wou be just like some other scientist ro too sorrowful to contemplate. if Dr. Riddle chooses to turn his at- tention purely to intellectual develop- ment, why that would be different. In this day and generation one need not be very tall to get on in the world, but there is beyond doubt ample room for a campaign for bigger and better minds.—From the Harrisburg Tele- graph. —————————— A ——————— —Subscribe for the Watchman. FOR AND ABOUT WOMEN. Daily Thought. We do ourselves the most good doing something for others. —Horace Mann. April showers may or may not bring the May flowers that the old adage promises. But May showers inevitably bring a lot of gifts that June brides will appreciate tremen- dously. Bridal showers are one tradition that no one wants discontinued. They are such fun to get ready. And every- one enjoys them so much. Perhaps this pleasure lies in the fact that showers are essentially intimate. On- ly friends indulge in them. thing about them is so personal. Showers seldom are run as surprise parties in this modern age. But the hostess can have a surprise in the in- genuity with which she presents the bride-to-be with the gifts. Umbrel- las above the table that will rain down lovely trifles are always a pret- ty and logical decoration. Little place cards of umbrellas standing on candy or nut boxes are good with these. Cornucopias, bells, ships, or other fig- ures that contain gifts are good, too. The decorated table in pretty colors | is usually one main feature of the shower. One of the newest showers that de- mands an especial type of decoration is the clothes-line shower. Contrary to the name, it merely means friends can bring anything that washes and irons. It is a miscellaneous shower. A cute way to arrange this is to have a real clothes line hung across the dining room, with all the gifts on it. Place cards, favors, decorations and everything can play up clothes pins ‘ and other features of wash day. The bride should be given a clothes bas- ket to put her gifts into. A new and very novel shower this season is the smoking shower. Smok- ing jackets, lounging pajamas, slip- pers, ash trays, fancy colored fags, colored matches, lighters, cigaret holders and other smoking equipment is appropriate. Bridge showers are not so new, but are interesting. Score pads, cards, bridge table covers, table number and pencil contrivances, pot- tery dishes and linen appropriately decorated with card figures all are in order. The beauty shower is acceptable to most brides. Choice powder, rouge, lipstick, perfumery, week-end beauty kits and colored crystal containers for the dressing table make a very pretty shower. In matters this personal, guests should consult the hostess who will know the bride-to- be’s favorites in beauty articles. Bathroom showers are glorious things today, with the wealth of col- or and flower things that bathrooms inspire. Scented salts, delicate per- fumed soaps, colorful bottles of lo- tions, pastel shaded towels, washrags and mats, printed shower curtains and window curtains, colored ham- pers and so on are there to choose. Wardrobe or clothes closet showers are gala things now, what with little colored flowers for hatstands, birds for shoe trees, colored cretonne or calico for dress, shoe, laundry and lingerie bags and a multitude of printed or plain colored boxes for whatnots. Bcok showers are dan- gerous unless hostesses know the bride’s taste in books. Cleaning show- ers are wonderful if guests club to- gether and get a vaccum cleaner, and varieties of brushes and other gad- gets that are acceptable. Brides who will live in an apart- ment house must have especial consid- eration. A modern shower is good for them. One guest may bring a lampshade, others ash trays, vases, pottery breakfast or tea things, a footstool, and perhaps a cactus in a modern dish, trimmed very modern- ly to represent some -animal. Soft pillow showers are excellent for the apartment house bride, provided her color schemes are known. Colored linen showers are good for her, too, with different colored sheets, pillow cases and towels stressed. Silver, linen, crystal, kitchen and all the other old-fashioned showers are as good now as ever. One simply buys modern versions. A new touch to showers this May is the magic touch of color. Refresh- ments now match the linen on which they are served, the candles that light the tables, the decorative crepe paper and the ornaments or flowers that center the table. A green show- er for instance, may serve for lunch- eon chicken and green pepper pat- ties with parsley sprinkled over it all for color, an avacado salad and pis- tache ice cream or a mint ice with cage ice in green and coffee. Hard seats at football or baseball games hold no terrors for the person equipped with a small pneumatic cushion now on the market, says Popular Mechanics Magazine. It can be blown up in a few seconds and, when deflated, fits in the coat or trousers pocket. SWISS STEAK. Round steak about two inches thick. Rub with salt and pepper, cover with flour and pound to get as much flour as possible into the steak. Treat both sides the same. Rub with a little garlic. Melt fat in frying pan (bacon fat is good) add a sliced onion and allow it to brown slightly. Set to one side. Put in the meat and brown on both sides, add boiling wa- ter, cover and let simmer 45 minutes to the pound. About a half pound of meat is allowed to each portion, but | this depends on the individual appe- , tite. ORANGE PIE. Squeeze the juice of two large oranges and grate the rind of one. create a race of Davids, with results , Add to the rind two tablespoonsfuls | ! size of a walnut, a half cupful of su- gar and the yolks of three eggs that have been well beaten. Add to this { mixture the: juice of the oranges, a { cupful of milk and a very small pinch of salt, and cook in a double boiler until thickened. Turn, when cool, in- | Every- A ESSER, FARM NOTES. | —Dahlias frequently send up shoots from their roots. These should be pinched off at the ground line to throw all the strength into the main. stalk. —Spare time used in overhauling the grain binder before harvest comes is well spent. A few minutes in re- pair work now may save both time and money when the grain is ripe. —High-producing cows need grain even when on good pasture. Early pasture grass is high in protein, so grain mixtures should not contain more than 15 per cent protein for best results. —The market discriminates very severely against ram lambs and against all lambs that have not been docked. Castrating and docking are simple operations and easily perform- ed while the lambs are young. — Strawberry growing is an im- vortant part of the home operations. This fruit yields a large quantity ina small space and gives quick returns. Where garden space is limited straw- berries can be worked in with vege- ‘ ables. | sn — Asparagus heads the list of vege- tables for earliness. This vegetable is growing rapidly in popularity, the average having increased four times: what it was in 1923. It is a sure crop each spring and is available every day for a period of 8 to 10 weeks. | —From a sanitation standpoint 1t is far better to place all grain and mash for chicks in hoppers or boxes than in litter or on the bare, filthy ground. Diseases and parasites can be spread easily through feed which comes in contact with fifthy litter or: ground. — Do not turn cows out to pasture too soon, say Penn State dairy spe- cialists. Early pasture grass is very watery and so is of low food value. Another reason for delaying is that pasture yields for the season will be much greater if the grass is permit- ted to get a good start. —Do not attempt to handle soil when it is too wet. This applies es- pecially to upland soils which are rather heavy. Avoid walking on wet soil either before or after preparing it for planting. Watch your oppor- tunity and work soil when it is in good physical condition. —Young chicks should be encour- aged to roost at an early age. The ckicks will become accustomed to roosting if a low roost which slopes from the floor back of the cover to the house is provided. These roosts should be covered with wire netting to keep the chicks from crowding underneath. —Fall and winter calves should not be turned on pasture until after they are six months of age. Digestive trouble will be avoided and calves will grow more satisfactorily if kept in clean, dry stalls and given good le- gumes or cut hay, grain and fresh water in addition to the milk and calf meal ration. — Eradication of garlic or wild onions from pastures is the best way to prevent disagreeable odors in milk. State College specialists say that if cows are removed from onion- infested pastures at least four hours previous to milking, there will be little of the odor and flavor mnotice- able in the milk. —To encourage early soring blood rearing, it is necessary to maintain a temperature of about 93 degrees Fahrenheit in the entire brood cham- ber. Protection from the cold and winds can be supplied by packing cases and windbreaks. The protec- tion should not be removed until after the last killing frost. —To distribute good breeding stock to flocks of the State, pure bred ram sales will be held druing late summer and early fall, W. B. Connell, sheer and wool extension specialist of State College announces. These events will occur at Indiana, Titusville Montrose, Brookville, Smethport, anc State College. They will be supervis: ed by country and district’ sheep anc wool growers’ associations. Be sure to thin properly all vege: tables while they are small. Thick sowing does not mean a larger pro duction; in fact, a smaller yield maj be the result. The following distance: in inches should be maintained: peas 2, beans 4 to 6, beets 4, carrots 3 lettuce 10, spinach 1, and radishes 10 3. —Thinning will increase the pro | portion of fancy and high quality ' fruits and will reduce the cost o | harvesting, grading, and packing. | —“June bugs” are scheduled to ap ! pear this spring in accordance witl | their 3-year life cycle. An-abundanc | of the beetles this year will’ indicat: an abundance of their young nex , year— the common white grub o | “grubworms’ so destructive to sucl farm crops as corn, timothy, straw berries, beans, and potatoes. Th beetles themselves are injurious i i certain trees, and when abundan sometimes completely strip the leave from the trees on large tracts of tim ber according to the U. S. Depart i ment of Agriculture. Entomologists of the Departmen But | of cornstarch, a piece of butter the make no predictions as to the prob i able abundance of the beetles thi year, but it is reasonably certai they will continue to be exceptional \y abundant in the infested region | “ery three years unless killed off b; their natural enemies, by unfavorabl climatic conditions. The infeste to a previously baked pie shell and area includes parts of Minnesota cover with meringue made from the Towa, South Dakota, Wisconsin, mi whites of the eggs. Brown slightly nois, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Penn in a hot oven. sylvania and New York.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers