Bellefonte, Pa. October 26, 1928.
Ep ———————————————I
WOODLOT LEADS AS
INCOME PRODUCER.
Profits from timberlands are not
alone confined to extensive forest
areas but very frequently the returns
from farmers’ woodlots prove to
such a substantial source of income
that they far exceed any other pro-
duct of the farm. Such an instance
hus been reported by Forester Leroy
Frontz, of the Pennsylvania Depart-
ment of Forests and Waters, while
making special forest research stud-
jes in Mifflin eounty.
W. F. Yeater purchased a farm
near Painterville containing 205 acres,
130 acres of which were In a Iarm
woodlot. The forested area was cut
over in 1900 and all the sound, mer-
chantable timber removed. Only the
deformed and unsound trees were left
on the area.
The return from agricultural crops
was not very promising. Five years
ago Yeater began to study the possi-
bilities of determining what returns
could be had from his woodlot. Be-
ing interested in forestry he commun-
jcated with the Pennsylvania Depart-
ment of Forests and Waters with the
result that he came to the conclusion
that thinning and improvement cut-
tings could be carried on which would
give him a financigl return as well
as improve the natural regeneration
of the area.
His chief problem was to find a
suitable market for his product. He
found that there existed a good mar-
ket in that locality for firewood. He
purchased a gasoline engine and wood
saw, and with the aid of a hired man
set to work to remove only the poor-
est specimens of the undesirable
trees. The first winter he sold 200
loads of wood at $4 per load. Dur-
ing the last four winters he sold 800
loads of wood for which he received a
total of $3200.
In speaking to Forester Frontz, he
said only about one-third of his wood-
lot had been cut over to date. He
estimates that he spent, for the saw-
ing and labor, other than his own
time, a total of about $44, and that
his net income from the woodlot dur-
ing the last five years was $700 a
year. The work was done during the
winter months when it was impos-
sible to do any other work on the
farm.
Probably the most significant fact,
Frontz reported, in connection with
the woodlot operated by Yeater is the
fact that only dead, dying and trees
of poor quality have been removed. The
clean, straight and thirftily growing
timber is left to stand, so that it may
develop into high-grade timber pro-
ducts. As a result of Yeater’s opera-
tions he not only created a very prof-
itable enterprise by utilizing his
spare time during the winter months
but in addition has left his woodlot
in a better condition than before he
began his more thirfty and better
ast sm
growing improvement “operations.
RECORD OF PRISONERS
OUT ON PAROLE.
Springfield—Do paroled prisoners
make good after they gain their free-
dom or do they continue to be a men-
ace to society?
This question, theme of many a
movie plot and piece of fiction, is
partially answered as the result of
an investigation of the Illinois pris-
ons and parole system in 3000 cases
selected for study. The cases were
taken “mine run’”—not carefully se-
lected. The cards were taken from
the files in consecutive order as the
men had been released.
Not one of the paroled prisoners
had been away from the prison for
less than two and one half years.
One thousand came from the State
penitentiary of Joliet, 1000 from the
Chester penitentiary and 1000 from
Pontiac.
The records of what these released
prisoners have done were checked ov-
er by members of the faculties of the
University of Illinois, University of
Chicago and Northwestern Univers-
ity.
Charges that the habitual offen-
der, due to his knowledge of “the
ropes” regains his freedom more eas-
ily than the novice were found to be
false. Of the 3000 cases 55.8 per
cent. of these paroled were first of-
fenders, 31.3 per cent. were occasion-
al offenders, 11.0 per cent. habitual
o¥enders and only 1.5 per cent, pro-
fessional offenders. Classifications in
the case of four-tenths of 1 per cent.
could not be made. -
Of the 1000 men released from
Pontiac, 726 presumably had fulfill-
ed the conditions of their parole. The
rémainder had been declared parole
violators.
These parole violators are of two
classes, the minor and the major vio-
lator. Minor violators are guilty of
technical errors but must be kept
track of the same as those deliberate-
ly breaking their pledges.
The committee also sent in the
behavior of the paroles after they had
been released from the supervision
of the person to whom the prisoners
had been paroled and had become free
men.
Out of the 726 men discharged
from parole, after Pontiac, records
show that 59 were back in State pris-
ons, three had been killed in gang
wars and one was wanted for murder.
The result of the study revealed
that of the 3000 cases 10.9 per cent.
of the men were guilty of minor vi-
olations and 14.7 per cent, of major
violations prior to completion of
parole. This indicates that approxi-
mately 15 out of every 100 men re-
leased on parole will be returned for
some crime before completion of their
parole.
Therefore the commission pointed
out, the problem is to find out what
type of man will make good and what
type will fail before paroles are
granted. A table of expectancy has
been worked out.
——The Watchman gives all the
news while it is news.
| BARTER WIVES BUT
MAKE HORSES PALS
Parents Arrange Marriages
Among the Buriats.
Washington.—The Buriats who re-
cently joined the Mongols in destroy-
ing a porticn of the Chinese Eastern
railway came into the spotlight two
years ago when the Russian govern-
ment banned wife stealing amons
members of the race in Siberia.
“Theft of wives is not a traditional
custom among the Buriats. Marriage
among them usually is effected through
an exchange of children arranged by
their parents,” says a bulletin from
the Washington headquarters of the
National Geographic society.
How Wives Are Exchanged.
“When the parents of a young
Buriat swain decide he should have
a wife, they consult the parents of an
eligible maiden and offer a daughter
in exchange for her hand. If there
is no daughter to exchange, the son’s
wife Is, in effect bought by a gift of
cattle. Frequently, among the weli-
to-do Buriats, the bride's dowry of
furs which would be valued at thou-
sands of dollars on an American fur
market, offset the ‘price’ paid for her.
“Buddhist temples with their pray-
er wheels which ‘say’ thousands of
prayers per revolution and Christian
churches are found in Buriat villages;
put both Buddhists and Christians at-
tend Shamanistic rites at some of the
mountain-top shrines. Shamanism is
pature worship. Adherents of Sha-
manism believe that rain, the rivers,
the wind and the mountains are peo-
"pled by gods. The higher into the
mountain the Shamanist goes to wor-
ship, the greater favor he receives
from the dieties. Frequently worship-
ers climb to the mountain-top shrine
where, amid chanting and weird con-
tortions of Shamanist priests, the
Buriats make their sacrifices on a s=.
cred fire.
“The Buriat and his horse are in-
separable companions. A horse often
is tied to his owner’s grave to starve
to death in order that it may follow
him in death. Good horses are scarce
80 the heirs sometimes manage to ap-
pease the gods by substituting a use-
less hack, or they tie the good saddle
horse by such a flimsy thong that it
soon frees itself and wanders back tr
the village.
“Few automobiles have penetrated
the land of the Buriats, which lies in
regions adjacent to the southern
shore of Lake Baikal. The Buriats
spread their villages all over the land-
scape without regard to streets. The
nomads near the
o* interlaced flexible sticks coveres!
i with skins or felt.
Expeneive. Rugs in Crude. Huts.
“When a Buriat settles down he fre-
quently builds a hut, but no matter
how elaborate the new abode may be,
it asually bears some resemblance to
, the yurt. Some leave a smoke hole
, in the roof and build their fires in
. *ne center of the floor as in the yurt,
“Though house furnishings are few,
i rugs adorning the floors and walls of
the well-to-do indicate that the Buriat
likes display, and if the tribesmen can
afford it, he will be seen strutting
2¥cat the village in silken robes.
“Tea drinking and smoking are
common habits of the Buriat, both
among adults and children. Some of
the tribesmen wear broad silk girdles
in which they carry their pipes an#
tea cups.
“When the Russians first met the
Buriats in the Sixteenth century, the
latter were true children of nature.
Many of them made their living by
fishing and hunting, while a few were
stock raisers. The Russians taught
them agriculture, and succeeding gen-
erations of Buriats surpassed the av-
erage Russian farmer in farming.”
‘More Cotton Dresses
Worn, Inquiry Shows
New York.—Six weeks of direct in-
vestigation, supplemented by informa-
tion furnished by nearly 250 firms and
individuals, has led the new uses sec-
tion of the Cotton Textile institute to
conclude there is an increasing de-
mand for cotton dresses and piece
goods, President Walker D. Hines an-
nounces.
The conclusions reached are that
Jore cotton dresses are being worn:
more cotton dresses were made and
sold during the summer of 1928 than
in 1927; retail sales of cotton piece
goods this summer were larger in vol-
ume than in 1927, and retail stores
have been advertising fine cotton
goods more extensivety.
The report says the trade is con-
ddent 1929 will be a big cotton year,
but has suggested that the popularity
of cotton fabrics will depend upon
superior styling. 3
lurks Establish Model
Villages for Farmers
Jerusalem, Palestine.—Introduction
of modern and scientific methods in-
to agriculture evidently is fostered ac-
tively by the Angora government.
So-called model villages are being
erected a. a number of places. Heads
of the Sivas vilayets, situated in the
neart o. Anatolia, have been asked
to name some place in the districts
nnder their respective administration
for conversion into’ model villages.
In such villages modern plows and
other agricultural implements are dis-
tributed free of charge. The idea
is that model villages should be so
| centrally located us to allow farmers
i of the surrounding country to profit
from their advancement.
Mongolian border
live in yurts. dome-shaped tents built '
When the
the white spaces up
“yertical” defines a word
below.
Horizontal.
1—To excuse
6—To¢ complain
10—Overhanging part of roof
12—-Extent
14— Preposition
16—To incline
18—Rodents
20-—Boy’'s toy
22—Of more recent origin
24—Fabled bird
25—Watery mud
27—To cavort
29—Mother
186—ERBroth
82—Rosin
34—More damp
36—Citrus fruit (pl)
38—Fountain beverages
40-—Head (French)
41—Boy's name
43—FEast Indian king or prince
45—Stitches
.47—8kill in any branch of endeavor
149—A dead language
p1—Sainte (abbr.)
.b2—Implement
'54—Grim god of the lower world
(Greek myth)
| b5A—South America (abbr.)
ip6—Two of a kind
!p8—Cattle of the ox kind (pl)
60—Costly
i61— Hones a razor
No letters go in the black spaces.
except proper names. Abbreviations, slang,
iete forms are indicated im the definitions.
HOW TO SOLVE A CROSS-WORD PUZZLE
correct letters are placed in the white spaces this pussle will
spell words both vertically and horizontally.
indicated by a number, which refers to the
Thus No. 1 under the column headed “horizontal”
to the first black square to the right,
which will fill the white squares to the next black one
The first letter in each word is
definition listed below the puszle.
defines a word which will fil
and a number under
All words used are dictionary words,
initials, technical terms and obso-
CROSS-WORD PUZZLE No. 1.
61
(©, 1926, Western Newspaper Union.)
Vertical.
1—Looks sullen
2—Note of scale
3—To peck
4—Part of stove used for baking
6—At no time
7—Sun god
8—To make a mistake
9—To rend
11—One who stitches
13—Small particle
i5—State of being balanced
17—Flat
19—Marks left by wounds
21— Pieces of ground
28— Co place again
26—An instructor for an individual
28—Citrus fruits
31—Place for the foot on a bicycle
33—3hort letters
34—Cereal
36—Same as 43 horizontal
37—=Saiamanders
39—Prince of darkness
42—To ie: fall
44—Caches
46—Closes
48—Froglike amphibian
50—Tidy
53— Falsehood
55—Steamer (abbr.)
57—Sun god
59-—Thus
Solution will appear in next issue.
UNIVERSAL DRAFT
FAVORED BY LEGION.
“~The universal draft act,” which has
been called “a peace plan—a prepar-
edness measure.” is not yet on the
statute books of the United States,
but seems to inhere as a part of the
best thought of statesmen and sol-
: diers, who confidently look for the
! enactment of legislation on the sub-
| ject.
From the time of Washington to
'that of Calvin Coolidge, whenever
wars have occurred serious considera-
tion has been given at their close to
the best way to prevent their repeti-
tion and to delete private profit.
Since the World War, in particular,
men who participated and men who
want to minimize the possibility of
future wars have combined to urge
legislation providing for the drafting
of all resources, business, labor, in-
dustry and money, as well as men, for
the army and navy.
The latest measure, introduced by
Royal C. Johnson (R.), Representa-
tive from South Dakota, a veteran of
the World War and the author of suc-
cessive bills on the subject since 1922,
bears the date of January 4, 1928. A |
motion will be made to have it
brought before Congress.
A bill to this intent has ben in-
troduced in every Congress since that
time, the phraseology having been
slightly changed in the interest of
clarity and simplicity.
Objection has been made by some
members of Congress to placing the
matter wholly in the hands of the
President, and objection outside of |
Congress has come chiefly from two
sources for widely varying reasons,
labor and pacifists. The former be-
cause it is apprehensive that the
measure will be used merely for the
protection of property, and the latter
because they do not want war rec-
ognized and prepared for.
The most steadfast support has
been consistently given by the Ameri-
can Legion. This body has called at-
tention to the fact that every war in
which the United States participated
has brought riches to some and pov-
erty to others. After each war na-
tional scandals have developed, due to
the huge fortunes accumulated by
those who took advantage of the ne-
cessities of the war-time situation,
when all the materials necessary for
| the prosecution of the war had to be
i accumulated and manufactured at the
| highest speed after war had been de-
| clared.
Following each war an effort
| veg made to prevent such a condition
i arising in the future, but after aca-
demic discussion and denunciation of
such a situation, it was left as it was
before.
A strange situation exists. After
hearings had been held in 1924 and
1926 and men of standing and of pro-
minent participation in the recent war
had testified that such an ideal as
that embodied in the universal draft
bill could be achieved, was practical
and feasible, Congress stopped short
of doing anything about it. At the
last session Mr. Johnson struggled
vainly to get his bill before Congress.
But the Legion and others who
believed that such a measure would
go far to insure peace, and would, if
there was to be a war, insure its
efficient prosecution to a speedy ter-
Solution of Last Week’s Puzzle.
All RIOJA
TOA
SES|Y I
E HLS OIN
KIN uiT A
RE
N
D
E
mination and arantee equality of
treatment for all will continue to urge
upon Congress action on this im-
portant matter which has been in-
dorsed at every convention held by
the Legion.
Both political parties have gone on
record as favoring the universal
draft plan. Hardly a voice has been
raised against it. It only remains for
Congress to act.
SERN
Charm and Ability
Handicap to Asquith
Lord Castelrose, writing on the death
of Lord Asquith, dealt with the erudi-
tion of the Asquith family and said:
“I could give you many examples of
this. Years before the newspapers
started their general knowledge ques-
tions Mr. Anthony Asquith invented &
game of plying his father with strange
and outlandish queries, and yet so
great was Lord Oxford's erudition
that I can hardly remember him fall-
ing over a fair quastion. I once heurd
Mr. Anthony Asquith persuade his fa-
ther to reectte backwards the Derby
winners for the last 32 years, which
he did accurately; to describe the du-
ties of an official of the college of
heralds; and also to give a brief de-
scription of a minor character in Max
Beerbohm’s “Zuleika Dobson.” Else-
where Lord Castlerose wrote: “It is
true that Asquith was making a name
for himself as a scholar in his youth,
but unfortunately he was earning no
money. One day Lord Portsmwith
wrote the famous master, Reverend
Doctor Jowett, and said: ‘Have you
got a suitable undergraduate to read
with my son, Lord Lymington, during
the long vacatien? ” Doctor Jowett
replied that he had exactly the article
required, in the shape of Mr. Asquith.
As a tutor Mr. Asquith was a great
success, but there was a drawback in
having this handsome, penniless,
clever young man in a household, for
every single young lady in the coun-
tryside fell head-over-heels in love
with him to the consternation of the
matchmaking mothers. At last Doc-
tor Jowett was communicated with
again, and asked if he could not sub-
stitute a less clever, less attractive
and less amusing tutor.—Pierre Van
Passen, in the Atlanta Constitution.
—Subscribe for the Watchman,
A Bank Advertisement
YT \VERYBODY knows what a bank is for. It
deals in money and credit. It receives
money on deposit which may be withd<zvn
by check. It acts as a Safe Depository for what
one is able to save, and on such deposits it pays
interest. It lends to proper persons, furnishing
credit for many uses. It has Safe Deposit Boxes
for the care of Valuables. Some banks may act
as Trustee, Executor, etc. All these things this
Bank does and they are its chief functions. But
it renders service in many other ways, that ac-
quaintance with us would disclose.
The First. National Bank
BELLEFONTE, PA.
Beyond the Counter
HIS bank performs for each cus-
tomer a service which goes beyond
the transaction at the counter.
Feel free to ask our Officers whenever
information on business or finance is
desired. - Accounts subject to check are
cordially invited.
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STATE COLLEGE, PA.
NH
MEMBER FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM
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