Bellefonte, Pa. October 26, 1928. Ep ———————————————I WOODLOT LEADS AS INCOME PRODUCER. Profits from timberlands are not alone confined to extensive forest areas but very frequently the returns from farmers’ woodlots prove to such a substantial source of income that they far exceed any other pro- duct of the farm. Such an instance hus been reported by Forester Leroy Frontz, of the Pennsylvania Depart- ment of Forests and Waters, while making special forest research stud- jes in Mifflin eounty. W. F. Yeater purchased a farm near Painterville containing 205 acres, 130 acres of which were In a Iarm woodlot. The forested area was cut over in 1900 and all the sound, mer- chantable timber removed. Only the deformed and unsound trees were left on the area. The return from agricultural crops was not very promising. Five years ago Yeater began to study the possi- bilities of determining what returns could be had from his woodlot. Be- ing interested in forestry he commun- jcated with the Pennsylvania Depart- ment of Forests and Waters with the result that he came to the conclusion that thinning and improvement cut- tings could be carried on which would give him a financigl return as well as improve the natural regeneration of the area. His chief problem was to find a suitable market for his product. He found that there existed a good mar- ket in that locality for firewood. He purchased a gasoline engine and wood saw, and with the aid of a hired man set to work to remove only the poor- est specimens of the undesirable trees. The first winter he sold 200 loads of wood at $4 per load. Dur- ing the last four winters he sold 800 loads of wood for which he received a total of $3200. In speaking to Forester Frontz, he said only about one-third of his wood- lot had been cut over to date. He estimates that he spent, for the saw- ing and labor, other than his own time, a total of about $44, and that his net income from the woodlot dur- ing the last five years was $700 a year. The work was done during the winter months when it was impos- sible to do any other work on the farm. Probably the most significant fact, Frontz reported, in connection with the woodlot operated by Yeater is the fact that only dead, dying and trees of poor quality have been removed. The clean, straight and thirftily growing timber is left to stand, so that it may develop into high-grade timber pro- ducts. As a result of Yeater’s opera- tions he not only created a very prof- itable enterprise by utilizing his spare time during the winter months but in addition has left his woodlot in a better condition than before he began his more thirfty and better ast sm growing improvement “operations. RECORD OF PRISONERS OUT ON PAROLE. Springfield—Do paroled prisoners make good after they gain their free- dom or do they continue to be a men- ace to society? This question, theme of many a movie plot and piece of fiction, is partially answered as the result of an investigation of the Illinois pris- ons and parole system in 3000 cases selected for study. The cases were taken “mine run’”—not carefully se- lected. The cards were taken from the files in consecutive order as the men had been released. Not one of the paroled prisoners had been away from the prison for less than two and one half years. One thousand came from the State penitentiary of Joliet, 1000 from the Chester penitentiary and 1000 from Pontiac. The records of what these released prisoners have done were checked ov- er by members of the faculties of the University of Illinois, University of Chicago and Northwestern Univers- ity. Charges that the habitual offen- der, due to his knowledge of “the ropes” regains his freedom more eas- ily than the novice were found to be false. Of the 3000 cases 55.8 per cent. of these paroled were first of- fenders, 31.3 per cent. were occasion- al offenders, 11.0 per cent. habitual o¥enders and only 1.5 per cent, pro- fessional offenders. Classifications in the case of four-tenths of 1 per cent. could not be made. - Of the 1000 men released from Pontiac, 726 presumably had fulfill- ed the conditions of their parole. The rémainder had been declared parole violators. These parole violators are of two classes, the minor and the major vio- lator. Minor violators are guilty of technical errors but must be kept track of the same as those deliberate- ly breaking their pledges. The committee also sent in the behavior of the paroles after they had been released from the supervision of the person to whom the prisoners had been paroled and had become free men. Out of the 726 men discharged from parole, after Pontiac, records show that 59 were back in State pris- ons, three had been killed in gang wars and one was wanted for murder. The result of the study revealed that of the 3000 cases 10.9 per cent. of the men were guilty of minor vi- olations and 14.7 per cent, of major violations prior to completion of parole. This indicates that approxi- mately 15 out of every 100 men re- leased on parole will be returned for some crime before completion of their parole. Therefore the commission pointed out, the problem is to find out what type of man will make good and what type will fail before paroles are granted. A table of expectancy has been worked out. ——The Watchman gives all the news while it is news. | BARTER WIVES BUT MAKE HORSES PALS Parents Arrange Marriages Among the Buriats. Washington.—The Buriats who re- cently joined the Mongols in destroy- ing a porticn of the Chinese Eastern railway came into the spotlight two years ago when the Russian govern- ment banned wife stealing amons members of the race in Siberia. “Theft of wives is not a traditional custom among the Buriats. Marriage among them usually is effected through an exchange of children arranged by their parents,” says a bulletin from the Washington headquarters of the National Geographic society. How Wives Are Exchanged. “When the parents of a young Buriat swain decide he should have a wife, they consult the parents of an eligible maiden and offer a daughter in exchange for her hand. If there is no daughter to exchange, the son’s wife Is, in effect bought by a gift of cattle. Frequently, among the weli- to-do Buriats, the bride's dowry of furs which would be valued at thou- sands of dollars on an American fur market, offset the ‘price’ paid for her. “Buddhist temples with their pray- er wheels which ‘say’ thousands of prayers per revolution and Christian churches are found in Buriat villages; put both Buddhists and Christians at- tend Shamanistic rites at some of the mountain-top shrines. Shamanism is pature worship. Adherents of Sha- manism believe that rain, the rivers, the wind and the mountains are peo- "pled by gods. The higher into the mountain the Shamanist goes to wor- ship, the greater favor he receives from the dieties. Frequently worship- ers climb to the mountain-top shrine where, amid chanting and weird con- tortions of Shamanist priests, the Buriats make their sacrifices on a s=. cred fire. “The Buriat and his horse are in- separable companions. A horse often is tied to his owner’s grave to starve to death in order that it may follow him in death. Good horses are scarce 80 the heirs sometimes manage to ap- pease the gods by substituting a use- less hack, or they tie the good saddle horse by such a flimsy thong that it soon frees itself and wanders back tr the village. “Few automobiles have penetrated the land of the Buriats, which lies in regions adjacent to the southern shore of Lake Baikal. The Buriats spread their villages all over the land- scape without regard to streets. The nomads near the o* interlaced flexible sticks coveres! i with skins or felt. Expeneive. Rugs in Crude. Huts. “When a Buriat settles down he fre- quently builds a hut, but no matter how elaborate the new abode may be, it asually bears some resemblance to , the yurt. Some leave a smoke hole , in the roof and build their fires in . *ne center of the floor as in the yurt, “Though house furnishings are few, i rugs adorning the floors and walls of the well-to-do indicate that the Buriat likes display, and if the tribesmen can afford it, he will be seen strutting 2¥cat the village in silken robes. “Tea drinking and smoking are common habits of the Buriat, both among adults and children. Some of the tribesmen wear broad silk girdles in which they carry their pipes an# tea cups. “When the Russians first met the Buriats in the Sixteenth century, the latter were true children of nature. Many of them made their living by fishing and hunting, while a few were stock raisers. The Russians taught them agriculture, and succeeding gen- erations of Buriats surpassed the av- erage Russian farmer in farming.” ‘More Cotton Dresses Worn, Inquiry Shows New York.—Six weeks of direct in- vestigation, supplemented by informa- tion furnished by nearly 250 firms and individuals, has led the new uses sec- tion of the Cotton Textile institute to conclude there is an increasing de- mand for cotton dresses and piece goods, President Walker D. Hines an- nounces. The conclusions reached are that Jore cotton dresses are being worn: more cotton dresses were made and sold during the summer of 1928 than in 1927; retail sales of cotton piece goods this summer were larger in vol- ume than in 1927, and retail stores have been advertising fine cotton goods more extensivety. The report says the trade is con- ddent 1929 will be a big cotton year, but has suggested that the popularity of cotton fabrics will depend upon superior styling. 3 lurks Establish Model Villages for Farmers Jerusalem, Palestine.—Introduction of modern and scientific methods in- to agriculture evidently is fostered ac- tively by the Angora government. So-called model villages are being erected a. a number of places. Heads of the Sivas vilayets, situated in the neart o. Anatolia, have been asked to name some place in the districts nnder their respective administration for conversion into’ model villages. In such villages modern plows and other agricultural implements are dis- tributed free of charge. The idea is that model villages should be so | centrally located us to allow farmers i of the surrounding country to profit from their advancement. Mongolian border live in yurts. dome-shaped tents built ' When the the white spaces up “yertical” defines a word below. Horizontal. 1—To excuse 6—To¢ complain 10—Overhanging part of roof 12—-Extent 14— Preposition 16—To incline 18—Rodents 20-—Boy’'s toy 22—Of more recent origin 24—Fabled bird 25—Watery mud 27—To cavort 29—Mother 186—ERBroth 82—Rosin 34—More damp 36—Citrus fruit (pl) 38—Fountain beverages 40-—Head (French) 41—Boy's name 43—FEast Indian king or prince 45—Stitches .47—8kill in any branch of endeavor 149—A dead language p1—Sainte (abbr.) .b2—Implement '54—Grim god of the lower world (Greek myth) | b5A—South America (abbr.) ip6—Two of a kind !p8—Cattle of the ox kind (pl) 60—Costly i61— Hones a razor No letters go in the black spaces. except proper names. Abbreviations, slang, iete forms are indicated im the definitions. HOW TO SOLVE A CROSS-WORD PUZZLE correct letters are placed in the white spaces this pussle will spell words both vertically and horizontally. indicated by a number, which refers to the Thus No. 1 under the column headed “horizontal” to the first black square to the right, which will fill the white squares to the next black one The first letter in each word is definition listed below the puszle. defines a word which will fil and a number under All words used are dictionary words, initials, technical terms and obso- CROSS-WORD PUZZLE No. 1. 61 (©, 1926, Western Newspaper Union.) Vertical. 1—Looks sullen 2—Note of scale 3—To peck 4—Part of stove used for baking 6—At no time 7—Sun god 8—To make a mistake 9—To rend 11—One who stitches 13—Small particle i5—State of being balanced 17—Flat 19—Marks left by wounds 21— Pieces of ground 28— Co place again 26—An instructor for an individual 28—Citrus fruits 31—Place for the foot on a bicycle 33—3hort letters 34—Cereal 36—Same as 43 horizontal 37—=Saiamanders 39—Prince of darkness 42—To ie: fall 44—Caches 46—Closes 48—Froglike amphibian 50—Tidy 53— Falsehood 55—Steamer (abbr.) 57—Sun god 59-—Thus Solution will appear in next issue. UNIVERSAL DRAFT FAVORED BY LEGION. “~The universal draft act,” which has been called “a peace plan—a prepar- edness measure.” is not yet on the statute books of the United States, but seems to inhere as a part of the best thought of statesmen and sol- : diers, who confidently look for the ! enactment of legislation on the sub- | ject. From the time of Washington to 'that of Calvin Coolidge, whenever wars have occurred serious considera- tion has been given at their close to the best way to prevent their repeti- tion and to delete private profit. Since the World War, in particular, men who participated and men who want to minimize the possibility of future wars have combined to urge legislation providing for the drafting of all resources, business, labor, in- dustry and money, as well as men, for the army and navy. The latest measure, introduced by Royal C. Johnson (R.), Representa- tive from South Dakota, a veteran of the World War and the author of suc- cessive bills on the subject since 1922, bears the date of January 4, 1928. A | motion will be made to have it brought before Congress. A bill to this intent has ben in- troduced in every Congress since that time, the phraseology having been slightly changed in the interest of clarity and simplicity. Objection has been made by some members of Congress to placing the matter wholly in the hands of the President, and objection outside of | Congress has come chiefly from two sources for widely varying reasons, labor and pacifists. The former be- cause it is apprehensive that the measure will be used merely for the protection of property, and the latter because they do not want war rec- ognized and prepared for. The most steadfast support has been consistently given by the Ameri- can Legion. This body has called at- tention to the fact that every war in which the United States participated has brought riches to some and pov- erty to others. After each war na- tional scandals have developed, due to the huge fortunes accumulated by those who took advantage of the ne- cessities of the war-time situation, when all the materials necessary for | the prosecution of the war had to be i accumulated and manufactured at the | highest speed after war had been de- | clared. Following each war an effort | veg made to prevent such a condition i arising in the future, but after aca- demic discussion and denunciation of such a situation, it was left as it was before. A strange situation exists. After hearings had been held in 1924 and 1926 and men of standing and of pro- minent participation in the recent war had testified that such an ideal as that embodied in the universal draft bill could be achieved, was practical and feasible, Congress stopped short of doing anything about it. At the last session Mr. Johnson struggled vainly to get his bill before Congress. But the Legion and others who believed that such a measure would go far to insure peace, and would, if there was to be a war, insure its efficient prosecution to a speedy ter- Solution of Last Week’s Puzzle. All RIOJA TOA SES|Y I E HLS OIN KIN uiT A RE N D E mination and arantee equality of treatment for all will continue to urge upon Congress action on this im- portant matter which has been in- dorsed at every convention held by the Legion. Both political parties have gone on record as favoring the universal draft plan. Hardly a voice has been raised against it. It only remains for Congress to act. SERN Charm and Ability Handicap to Asquith Lord Castelrose, writing on the death of Lord Asquith, dealt with the erudi- tion of the Asquith family and said: “I could give you many examples of this. Years before the newspapers started their general knowledge ques- tions Mr. Anthony Asquith invented & game of plying his father with strange and outlandish queries, and yet so great was Lord Oxford's erudition that I can hardly remember him fall- ing over a fair quastion. I once heurd Mr. Anthony Asquith persuade his fa- ther to reectte backwards the Derby winners for the last 32 years, which he did accurately; to describe the du- ties of an official of the college of heralds; and also to give a brief de- scription of a minor character in Max Beerbohm’s “Zuleika Dobson.” Else- where Lord Castlerose wrote: “It is true that Asquith was making a name for himself as a scholar in his youth, but unfortunately he was earning no money. One day Lord Portsmwith wrote the famous master, Reverend Doctor Jowett, and said: ‘Have you got a suitable undergraduate to read with my son, Lord Lymington, during the long vacatien? ” Doctor Jowett replied that he had exactly the article required, in the shape of Mr. Asquith. As a tutor Mr. Asquith was a great success, but there was a drawback in having this handsome, penniless, clever young man in a household, for every single young lady in the coun- tryside fell head-over-heels in love with him to the consternation of the matchmaking mothers. At last Doc- tor Jowett was communicated with again, and asked if he could not sub- stitute a less clever, less attractive and less amusing tutor.—Pierre Van Passen, in the Atlanta Constitution. —Subscribe for the Watchman, A Bank Advertisement YT \VERYBODY knows what a bank is for. It deals in money and credit. It receives money on deposit which may be withd