RT EE RR ty Bem tc. Bellefonte, Pa., September 14, 1928. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS; HOW THEY FUNCTION. The following questions and an- swers detail the manner of explaining the functions of presidential electors is very timely and interesting. Few people have a real understand- ing of just what the electoral college means, therefore we publish this di- gest by J: Oscar Emrich, editor of “The Voter's Guide.” I. What is an Electoral Vote? See Answer to Question IL II. How is the number of Electoral Votes of a State Governed, or as-: ‘certained? Article II, section I of the United ‘States Constitution provides that each State shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature may direct, a num- ber of Electors equal to the combined representation of the State in the ‘House of Representatives and the Senate. 2 The Seventeenth Amendment to the each candidate for Presidential Elec- tor for whom he desires to vote. By voting a split ticket the people might choose thirty-six (36) Republi- can Electors and two (2) Democracic Electors or vice-versa. VII. Can a Republican Presidential Candidate and a Democratic Presi- dential Elector be voted for on the same ballot? Explain. The people do not vote direct for a Republican Presidential Candidate. See answer to Question V. All nominees of various political parties for the office of Presidential Electors are placed on the same bal- lot. VIII. If a Presidential Elector’s name appears on the ballot under the party affiliation of two or more parties, (such as, Democrat, Labor and Prohibition) does the combined vote of such parties determine his election? In as much as a Voter is entitled to vote for thirty-eight (38) Electors, it would seem, if the same elector’s name was under the party affiliation of two or more parties that the com- bined vote received by the various ‘parties should determine his election, ‘If the voter votes a split ticket and United States Constitution provides ' that “The Senate of the United States : shall be composed of two Senators from each State.” Under Title II, Section 2 of the United States Code, it provides that ithe House of Representatives shall be «composed of four hundred and thirty- ifive (435) members to be apportion- @«d among the several States. Pennsylvania’s apportionment is thirty-six (36) Representatives. The «ombined number of Representatives and Senators in Congress would therefore be thirty-eight (38) which governs the number of Electors Pennsylvania is entitled to under the United States Constitution. 111. Assuming that the number of Electoral Votes of a State are de- termined by the number of Repre- sentatives in Congress and Sena- tors, what then determines the num- ber of Congressmen of a State? Members of the House of Repre- sentatives are apportioned among the various States according to popula- tion, by an Act of Congress usually passed, though not always, soon af- ter each decennial census. Under the “Thirteenth census (1910) the Act of August 8th, 1911, sec. 1137 U. S. Stat- utes at Large, p. 13, was passed giv- ing Pennsylvania thirty-six (36) Rep- resentatives. (Title 11, sec. 2, U. S. Code. See also U. S. Constitution, Art, 1, sec. 2, and 14th Amendment, sec 2.) The Pennsylvania Statute of May 10, 1921, P. L. 444 divides the State into thirty-six (36) Congressional dis- tricts. Iv. Explain how a Presidential Elector is nominated (i. e., how his or her name can be placed on the ballot.) Section 18 of the Pensylvania Prim- ary Act of July 12, 1912, P. L. 719 provides as follows: “The nominee of each political par- ty for the office of President of the United States shall, within thircy days after his nomination by the Na- tional Convention, nominate as many persons to be the candidates of his party for the office of Presidential elector as the State is then entitled to. If, for any reason, the nominze of any political party for the office of President of the United States fails «or is unable to make the said nomina- tions within the time herein provided, then the nominee of such party for ‘the office of Vice-President of the United States shall, as soon as may be possible after the expiration of said thirty days, make the nomina- tions. The names of such nominees, with their post-office addresses, shall be certified immediately to the Secretary of the Commonwealth by the nominee ‘for the office of President or Vice- President, as the case may be, mak- ing the nominations.” Complying with the abvoe statute the person nominated as a candidate for the office of President or Vice- President of the United States by a political Party at a National Conven- tion nominates thirty-eight (38) per- sons as candidates for the office of Presidential Electors of a given Po- litical Party who are to be voted. for at the next General Election. (Nov. 6, 1928.) Two persons are nominated as Can- didates-at-Large and thirty-six (36) persons are nominated as District Candidates, the thirty-eight (38) Electors so nominated to be voted by the electors of this State. The names of candidates for the office of Presidential Electors are us- ually suggested to the nominee for the office of President or Vice-Presi- dent by the State Committee of each Political Party. After the certificate of nomination is prepared, it is sworn to and filed in the office of the Secre- tary of the Commonwealth. ¥. Can a Presidential Nominee secure the popular vote of the Na. ‘fion and still lose the Electoral Vote of a State? Explain in de- “tail. Under the Twelfth Amendment of ‘the United States Constitution rati- fied Sept. 25, 1804, the people do not vote directly for President or Vice- President but they vote for the Elec- tors nominated by the respective po- litical parties. The Electors elected at the November Election meet at ‘the State Capitol (Harrisburg) at 12 w’elock on the second Monday of Jan- uary following and ballot for a Pres- ‘ident and Vice-President. They must «cast separate ballots for a President :antl Vice-President and record the ‘number of votes cast for each and certify and transmit them to the President of the Senate at Washing- ton. V1. Explain how the Electoral Vote of a State can be spilt. Pennsylvania is entitled to thirty- «eight (38) Electors. If the voter de- .sires to divide his vote among candi- «dates from different groups of Presi- dential Electors, he should make a scross-mark (x) in the appropriate square to the right of the name of places a cross-mark (x) after the same elector’s name under two -r more parties, only one vote can be counted for such candidate. See Vot- er’s Guide, sec. 81. IX. . What is the Electoral College? Explain how it functions. The body of men elected in each State to cast the vote of the people of the State for Presidential candi- dates. See also Answer to Question V. x. Is a duly elected Republican Presidential Elector compelled to vote for the Republican Presiden- tial Candidate? Has this ever oc- curred? Presidential Electors are State Of- ficers. They are not required to vote for the candidates of the Political Party electing them; there would be no penalty if they failed to do so, but seldom has an Elector disregarded the popular mandate. XI. How Electoral Vote is Counted. Under the Twelfth Amendment of the United States Constitution the electoral vote is counted in the pres- ence of the Senate and House of Rep- resentatives. The Second Wednesday of February is set apart for this pur- poSe by an Act of Congress (U. S. Code, Title 3, sec. 17.) If no candidate for President re- ceives a majority vote of all the Elec- tors appointed, the House of Repre- sentatives shall choose immediately by ballot, the President. In doing so, no person may be voted for except the three candidates for President who shall have received the highest num- ber of votes of the Electors. In the Election by the House the Constitution provides: “The votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote.” Hence, Pennsylvania with thirty- six (36) members has no more voice than Arizona or Nevada, each of which has but one member in the House. If the House of Representatives shall not choose a President before the fourth day of March, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the Presi- dent. The person having the great- est number of votes as Vice-Presi- dent, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors ap- pointed, and if no person have a ma- jority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President. No per- son constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States. XII. If a nominee for President of the United States should die after his election in November what pro- cedure would be followed? A legal situation with regard to the selection of a President would not be changed by the death of the nominze between the election in November and the meeting of the electoral college. The people do not vote directly for President or Vice-Preident, but vote instead for a list of electors. In the November election, a majority of either the Democratic or the Republi- ‘can electors ir. the Unite States as a whole will be chosen. If the candi- date of the successful party should die before these electors cast their ballots (in January of next year) the electors could vote either for the Vice-Presidential candidate of their party for President, or for any per- son selected by the National Commit- tee of their party. or for anybody else they chose.” If, however, the Presidential candidate of the success- ful party died after he was officially elected by the electoral college ani before the inauguration of March 4, there is doubt as to what would hap- pen. The Constitution makes no pro- vision for such a contingency. Some authorities hold that the Vice-Presi- dential candidate would be sworn in as Vice-President and then immedi- ly be sworn in as President. Marriage licenses. Gilbert W. Carpenter, of Chester, and Margaret E. Beaver, of Lewis- town. Thomas R. Kerstetter, of Coburn, and Sarah R. Hosterman, of Aarons- burg. Carl N. Powley and Helen E. Gates, of Gatesburg. Lee W. Dobson and Elsie May Hen- dershot, of Mingoville. Claude H. Butler and Helen Kessinger, of Norristown. Edward T. Veihdorfer and Edna May Dorwit, of Clearfield. Norman G. Grubb an Margaret H. Stemm, of Coleville. Miles T. Hubler, of Altoona, Beulah A. Mosier, of Bellefonte. R. and —Use paradichlorobenzine to con- trol the peach tree borer. Apply it during warm weather to get effective results. Your county agent can tell you how to use the chemical. FOR AND ABOUT WOMEN DAILY THOUGHT | | 1 i 1 | i FARM NOTES. —If pullets are to lay continuous- . {ly after production starts they must A good week day example is of more ‘be put in the laying houses early. value in the community than Sunday pre- Give them a good chance to do their tense. —Ensembles are making their ap- pearance, being formed especially around the bloomer frock which is worn by small girls up to the time they put on real suits and dresses. Even in its juvenile form the ensem- ble does not differ greatly from that worn by grown-ups. For little girls the one-peice is the type most in de- mand, whether it is made to hang in an unbroken line from the shoulder or to be held with a belt. The frock has always a pair of bloomers made of the same material, if it is suitable, or when tweed or others of the heavier fabrics are used bloomers are made of crepe de chine or one of the wash- able weaves that are now so much in vogue. —These very comfortable and smart ensembles are made of wool jersey, tweed, wool crepe, fiat crepe, velveteen and wool mixtures. There are in these stuffs de luxe variants that are delightfully suited to chil- dren’s clothes. One of the tub jer- seys has a silver tone, and others in colors produce a two-tone effect. In the wool and wool-and-cotton mix- tures two colors or two shades of a color are worn. These often have a small figure, which gives character to the goods and yet gives the appear- ance of a solid color. Velvet and velveteen, both plain and printed, are shown in some smart new two-piece suits. Quite unusual designs are to be found in some of these, with the plain or printed materials used in contrasts and com- binations. The coat and frock style is intended for girls who are tall for their age and wear becomingly a more formal type of dress. A jumper of hunter’s green velveteen is made for a skirt of plaid, and an Eton jacket of velveteen with a small check mixture is shown with a plain black velveteen pleated skirt. With this is worn a sleeveless shirt-blouse of beige crepe, giving the effect of a three- piece ensemble. — In a novel ensemble a three- quarter coat is made of black velvet and the frock of beige crepe with a belt of bright red lacquered leather. The coat is lined with crepe. Thor- oughly up-to-date ensembles are made in the modernistic manner in geometric lines and color contrasts. Triangles, cubes and disks of cloth are appliqued in different colors on a plain surface. An ensemble is made with the geometric pattern of a re- ceding facade in three shades of blue, and the coat, of the darkest tone, is lined with the lightest. All of these models are for general wear. _ —The hip-length over-blouse, which is a feature in Fall outfits for both school girls and women, has ereated an unusual demand for belts of many kinds. Lucien Lelong has devoted es- pecial attention to them in his sports and semi-sports frocks. A brown leather belt of his designing has a new style of buckle which is merely two-silver bars slipped through ldops of the leather. Another is made of beige snake-skin, fastened with a harness buckle, matching a pair of smart strap slippers of the same leather. —Its adaptability to town wear for almost any occasion is the reason for the re-introduction of tweed for coats, suits, ensembles and coat-frocks. Although this Fall will be undoubtedly the season of exploita- tion of woolen mixtures, most of them will be on the tweed type. Much ver- satility has been shown in the choice of designs and colors. The russet shades that are already in demand, acajou, mahogany, are combined with the deep gray and taupes to form the most delightful kind of harmony. A most practical sports esemble of tweed combines a seven-eights length coat with a matching skirt and wool- en sweater. The skirt (which can be worn separately) is straightlined, with a flat collar falling into wide revers. The cuffs are deep, and dou- led. The borders, cuffs, and deep in- verted pockets are finely outlined in leather piping. . ~The skirt, attached to a bodies, is a wraparound opening at the left side, and the sweater a round-necked slip on. Other sweaters and blouses could, of course, be worn with it. Oxford gray, my favorite dark color next to navy, makes ensemble that smacks slightly of formality. The coat again is seven-eights length, with narrow collar and high revers, opening out to show the charming modernistic frock beneath. It is a one-piece, gray for skirt, vee neck banded and modernistically applied in the oxford. The skirt is oxford, with one wide stripe of gray. Those preferring the shorter coat would like the three piece ensemble of ruddy tweed. The skirt is plain and carefully fitted. The blouse is of an- gora banded with lines of tweed, the lower line covered by a leather belt with brown shell buckle. The coat is just below hip length, simple and tailored, buttoning at the bottom by three buttons. A jaunty attached scarf at the neck, made to be poised cor- rectly over the left shoulder, gives the one deliberately careless touch. Women’s hand luggage in most of the shapes is now fashioned after that for men. A Gladstone grip in supple pigskin has appeared, which is just large enough to hold a week-end’s equipment, and is unusually chic in appearance. —A little borax sprinkled under rugs will keep away troublesome moths. —Sawdust sprinkled evenly over the floor before laying linoleum will make it wear longer. —A splendid healing solution for cuts and burns is made by dissolving a teaspoonful of boric acid in one pint of water. -—Nothing is more important than to have during every hour of our lives an abundance of pure air. Too often skinny, emaciated, poorly nour- ished individuals go along without knowledge that all their ills can be traced to poor air and insufficient air. —Uncle Philander. i . for profitable milk production. best. —Form, size, color, freedom from blemish, and condition are the points to consider in selecting fruit for show- ing. In arranging the exhibit follow the specifications of the premium list. —Now is the time to get cows that will freshen this fall into condition Prep- aration helps fill the milk pail Extra care and feed both before and after freshening is an investment that will pay good dividends. —While silage was first used as a feed for dairy cattle, it has been dem- onstrated in recent years that it has just as much value as a feed for fat- tening steers and beef breeding cows. It also is =a satisfactory feed for breeding ewes and fattening lambs. —Select seed corn in the field. Pick only well-formed and matured ears from healthy, vigorous, well-rooted plants having green stalks and yel- low husks. It is a good plan to puil twice as many ears as will be needed for planting. About 15 medium-siz- ed ears will plant an acre. —Mexican bean beetle is now work- ing on late beans. The second brood of the insect is creating considerable damage. For control, Hodgkiss rec- comends the use of a dust composed of one pound of calcium ac‘senate and nine pouns of hydrated lime. Be sure to hit both sides of the leaves, he urges. —~Graduates of the school of agri- culture at the Pennsylvania State College had little trouble in finding profitable positions this year. Nine- ty-six of the 100 June graduates had accepted offers before they received their diplomas. They are in agricul- tural or allied work and most of them are located in Pennsylvania. —Good pasture grass holds a place in the list of delicacies for dairy cows which no other feed can quite fill. The ability of grass to produce milk is generally overestimated, and a cow cannot maintain a heavy flow of milk on grass alone. Cows giving more than 25 pounds of milk a day or re- cently fresh cews should receive grain in proportion of production. —Pick all the seed corn possible from the fields before they are cut. Such selection enables the picker to see what kind of a stalk the ear grows on. This is a more scientific way of selecting seed corn than the hit-or-miss method of picking it cut of the crib. Another advantage comes in being able to cure the corn prop- erly before freezing weather begins. —Hotbeds anh coldframes can be used by the home gardener for grow- ing vegetables early in the spring and late in the fall. The coldframe, which is constructed in the same way as the hotbed except that there is no source of bottom heat, is more prac- tical than the hotbed for the home gardener who wishes to extend the growing season of small crops in che ail. —The good livestock showman com- mences to show his animal as soon as he enters the ring and he never ceases until the ribbons are placed. Never let the animal go to sleep in the ring, say livestock specialists of the Pennsylvania State College, and remember that this is good advice for the showman also Keep one eye on the judge and the other on the ani- mal being shown. —~Currant worms damage currants and gooseberries, according to infor- mation which has been collected by R. S. Herrick of the Iowa Horticultural society. These worms injure the crop by eating the leaves on the bushes, thereby causing the berries to be small due to lack of proper nourish- ment. Where these worms are pres- ent, spray the bushes with a solution of one-half ounce of lead arsenate per gallon of water. If there is mildew on the leaves, one ounce of dry lime- sulphur should also be added. —An apple crop of 1,500,000 bar- rels is in prospect for this year, com- pared with 800,000 bushels in 1927, and growers should thin apples so that none but the highest quality will reach the market, according to R. S. Marsh, University of Illinois. Apple growers of the Northwest who pro- duce the fancy ten-cent apples con- sider thinning an important opera- tion in the growing of fruit. “Thinning varieties of apples so that only one fruit is left on each spur is a standard Middle Western recommendation,” he says. “Apples of varieties like Northwestern Greening and Wolf River get big enough with- out thinning. Yellow Transparent, Dutchess, Jonathan, Delicious, Grimes, Ben Davis, Gano, Winesap and others are varieties that respond profitably, through size increase, to thinning.” —Pennsylvania farmers have in- dicated their intention to seed a win- ter wheat average 1 per cent less than the planting last fall, in reports to the federal-state crop reporting ser- vice, Pennsylvania department of ag- riculture. If these plans are carried through, the Pennsylvania wheat plantings this fall will total 1,231,000 acres compar- ed with the estimated plantings of 1,- 243,000 acres in the fall of 1927. The intended acreage this fall is also 12,- 000 acres less than the plantings in- tended for the fall of 1927, when farmers were enabled by favorable weather to seed the acreage planned in August. The average abandonment of wheat during the past ten years has been 2.9 per cent of the planted area. With average abandonment this winter, the intended seeding would net a harvest of 1,195,000 acres compared with the 1,144,000 acres harvested this sum- mer. Pennsylvania’s intended wheat acreage is 7.4 per cent less than the average fall planting from 1909 to 1913, 15 per cent lower than the 1914-1918 average and 6.7 per cent below the 1919-1923 average. ——The Watchman gives all the news while it is news. FRESHMEN WEEK AT PENN STATE. Preparatory to the opening of the 69th year at the Pennsylvania State College, nearly 1200 freshmen are now on the campus taking part in the fourth annual “freshman week” ac- tivities. The college opens on Wed- uesday, September 19, and for six days prior to that the new students are going through a daily schedul¢ of instructional meetings aimed to- wards fitting them for their college work. Penn State was one of the first eastern colleges to establish “Fresh- men Week,” this being the fourth event of its kind held here. With record breaking classes each fall the college administration has found the custom to be a most profitable one, for both student and faculty find a great saving in time getting ths freshmen started right. Mass meetings to learn college and student customs and tradition, school meetings to get the freshmen ac- quainted with their deans and depart- ment heads, registration, physical examination, a psychological test, in- struction in “how to study” and var- ious other activities are scheduled for the new students. The new freshmen class is the larg- est in the history of the college. Buller Explains Live Bait Rules; Fif- ty is Limit. Queries reaching the offices of the Board of Fish Commissioners indicate that many fishermen do not yet un- derstand the provisions of the live bait act passed in 1925, N. R. Buller, commissioner of fisheries, said last week. The law, Buller said, provides that no person, including a dealer in live bait, may have more than fifty in his possession at one time. The only ex- ception is when the bait has been furnished by a commercial grower. Such growers must be licensed and they furnish the buyer with a certi- IRA D. GARMAN JEWELER 101 South Eleventh St., PHILADELPHIA. Have Your Diamonds Reset in Platinum 72-48-tf Exclusive Emblem Jewelry Free Sik HOSE Free Mendel’s Knit Silk Hose for Wo- men, guaranteed to wear six months without runners in leg or holes in heels or toe. A new pair FREE if they fail. Price $1.00. YEAGER’S TINY BOOT SHOP. Fine Job Printing . , atthe , ; WATCHMAN OFFICE There is mo style of work, from the cheapest “Dodger” to the finest BOOK WORK that we can not do in the most sat- isfactory manner, and at Prices ficate which will protect him for six days after he has purchased bait in excess of the legal limit. The adoption of the bait limit pro- vision followed requests made by sportsmens’ organizations to prevent the practice followed by those who made a business of catching bait for market. The board also objected to the practice because it distributes more than a million bait fish each year in waters in which the public is allowed to fish. —~Subscribe for the “Watchman.” New? Dry Cleaned? The only difference between a brand new suit and one that has been dry cleaned by us is the difference be- tween $1.75 and whatever you usually pay for a new suit. Try Us and See Phone 362-R Stickler & Koons 8 West Bishop St. Cleaners - - Dyers - - Tailors Hat Renovators CHICHESTER S PILLS Chi.ches-ter s Diamond Bran and Gold metallic consistent with the class of work. — Elllaia ist with Blue Ribbon. Call on or communicate with this ® Braceist “Ato OI Sn ren OND BRAND fi office. oe ED an SOLD BY DRUGGISTS EVERYWHERE Be 4 quarg : for half i M HEN you make of- own frie outs X ’ es mileg
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