Democratic watchman. (Bellefonte, Pa.) 1855-1940, June 11, 1926, Image 7
PEE ian SEE = Te aa Bellefonte, Pa., June 11, 1926. EE ————————— To Raise $300,000 for Care of Or- phans. The appeal to Pennsylvanians made generally throughout the State by Major General William G. Price, Jr. that the effort of the American Le- gion to raise $300,000.00 in this cam- paign which started May 17th, for the care of the orphans of the veter- ans who gave their lives during the | war, has been meeting with a gener- ous response in many localities throughout this Commonwealth. One particularly touching instance was the case of Ferdinand Martini who lost both his arms and his right leg in the Argonne, and who today is making a real livelihood for himself through the education which was sup- plied him through the United States Veterans Bureau. Out of his small income he forwarded to Campaign | $50.00 | Headquarters a check for . with this statement—“My education stops me from writing much. I gave my arm and leg 2s my sacrifice to the Country of my adoption. Many of my | brave comrades did more—they died and left children. The Soldier’s first love in France was the Country he was fighting for, next, he thought of France's children. He loved them and tried to make them happy. Today you ask us as Americans to give to our Buddies’ orphans. If it was my last dollar I would have to give some part of it to these dear children. Please accept my gift, because it breaks my heart when I know these children need care.” This particularly humanitarian ef- fort to alleviate the suffering among America’s children and plant in their minds the proper seed to be better Americans has been a theme that has touched upon by members of many ministerial associations in sending their indorsement of this campaign. Spangler, Pennsylvana, Post was the first town over the top, with a quota of $48.00. Quite a few others are nearing their goal. In the eyes of the general public this is the greatest service to the community that the American Legion has ever attempted, and one which should encourage a deeper interest in the principles ‘of this organization. 1,363,000 French Killed in Battle. Paris.—The most striking appeal against future war is contained in statistics finally worked out regard- ing the lasting records of France's war losses. M. Gaston Cadoux, for- mer president of the Paris Statistical | society, now has made reckonings which peace organizations in every country might well keep in mind for future propaganda. The population of France at the outbreak of the war was 39,600,000. From these the government mobiliz- ed for the army and navy 8,355,000. Of this number 1,362,000 lost their lives. This figure represents one- sixth of the mobilized effectives, one- seventh of the masculine population of the country and one-twentieth of the whole. If the dead alone might be drawn up in a serried line it would require the Twentieth Century Limited, trav- eling without stop at sixty miles an hour, some nine hours to reach the end. The entire mobilization of hu- man material by France would have reached from San Francisco to New York if placed shoulder to shoulder. Comparing the percentage of losses suffered by the principal belligerents, M. Cadoux reckons that his country had one dead or missing per 28 inhab- itants, as against 35 in Germany, 50 in Austria-Hungary, 66 in Great Brit- ain, 79 in Italy, 107 in Russia and 2,- 000 in the United States. France’s agricultural male popula- tion of 5,608,971 lost 699,219. Of 1,- 327,156 engaged in commercial pur- suits, 155,977 were lost. Of 915,186 artisans of the building trades, 168,- 747 did not return. There were 235,- 320 men of liberal professions mobii- ized and 40,432 died. Transport workers numbering 60,972 failed to return of 665,029 who went to war. There were 21,426 civil servants, 2,- 712 ecclesiastics, 80,190 students and 9,493 persons of independent means without profession killed. The statistician’s reckoning shows that the return of Alsace-Loraine did not compensate for the ghastly hole torn in the populace by war. Where- as the population of France was 39,- 600,000 in 1914, it has fallen to 39,- 209,000 after these provinces return- ed to the fold. Science May Rob Summer of Terror. Science is opening a new field for re- frigeration, making it possible to util- ize the pipes which supply heat in homes during the winter months to furnish cool air in the hot months and thus lower the temperature. Sixty experts who were in consul- tation recently with representatives of the American Gas Association ex- pressed the belief that the innovation is practical and that it can be made available for public use next fall. House cooling is merely an extension of ice-box cooling and as the principle is already applied to theatres and de- partment stores, its extewsion to homes and offices will naturally fol- low if practical devices (re adopted and the cost is low enough to en- courage private use. According to N. T. Sellman, utili- zation engineer of the Consolidated Gas company of New York,, one cubic foot of standard test gas is the equiv- alent of one pound of ice-melting ef- fect in winter, and one and one-fourth cubic feet of gas are equivalent to one pound of ice-melting effect in summer. This means that the pubic will be able to get the benefit of 1000 pounds of ice for the price of 1000 cubic feet of gas in winter and the price of 1250 cubic feet of gas in sum- mer. —Subscribe for the “Watchman.” i | Modern Home Aided Byrd Pole Dash; > 20.0, 0% ate a" te" 2 ho! atates! oe! ee 9,5,0,8 bated! otete te tate tte! The the Arctic. Loading Ship for Trip. Byrd in Airship and Doughnut § Boat. i a oo! ote ae! oer <o defied the death-dealing cold of the Polar Regions and proved an in- valuable aid to Lieutenant Commander Richard E. Byrd in his successful flight to the North Pole, which he circled three times in a record breaking flight of 1,500 miles in 15 hours and 30 minutes at an average speed of 98.75 miles an hour. It was at the Spitzbergen base, King’s Bay, where this first modern house was constructed amid the snow and ice of the ‘Arctic immediately upon the arrival of Lieutenant Byrd and his companions, as a permanent home and observation sta- tion for the explorers. The house, which rose up on the horizon of the frigid north - trast to the igloo of the eskimo, was Pa Jo marked ind plete radio outfit that those who remained at the base while Lieutenant Byrd made his thrilling dash to the Pole in his speeding Fokker might keep in touch with their chief and the outside world, which they kept in- formed as to the progress and success of the flight It was to this same home that he returned after his hazardous trip and from which some of the first mes- sages were sent to the waiting public, telling them through the lanes of the air that Byrd had circled the pole three times and had returned to his Spitzbergen home in safety, adding one of the most memorable pages to the history of Arctic exploration. ; Sugar Cane Fights Polar North. When Lieutenant Byrd left the Brooklyn Navy Yard on the ship Chantier he declared he had the best and most gcientifically equipped expedition that ever had started for the North Pole. Special plans were made for the erection of his Arctic home. Boards of celotex insulating lumber made from bagasse (sugar cane fiber after all sugar juices have been extracted) were carried along with the latest inventions to aid in polar exploration. This building material is very light and is filled with millions of air cells, which give it great insulation value and resistance to change in temperature, especially the severe cold. One odd circumstance in connection with the use of this material is that the sugar cane of the south was utilized to fight the cold of the north. Celotex was selected instead of lumber because tests made by the United States Bureau of Standards and its universal use in building construction all over the world, had demonstrated that this insulating lumber would keep the quarters of the explorers warmer and protect their living conditions more securely than ordi- nary building material. It was only after careful investigation by the scientific men in the expedition that celotex was selected. These authorities pointed out that the protection afforded by its insulation efficiency was three times as great as ordi- nary lumber and nearly twelve times as great as that of brick and other masonry material. The ship Chantier also was lined with celotex as an added precaution to keep the ship warm while the explorers used it in the preliminary stages of the expedition. In practically every other way this expedition was amore scientifically prepared than any of its predeces- sors. These included inventions of Commander Byrd himself. A simple sun compass conceived by Byrd and developed by Mr. Bumstead of the National Geographic Society, superseded the complicated German device, de. veloped three years ago for Amundsen. The drift in- dicator also was Byrd's invention. The bubble sextant by which the navigator obtains his bearings while in flight was another one of his ifiventions. Still another scientic development was a quick method of telling when one is at the North Pole. This has been worked out by G. W. Littlehales, the navy’s hydrographic engineer. Device Locates the Pole. Byrd and others contributed to a chart of the mag- aetic lines flowing toward the magnetic North Pole, which is in Bolthla Land, 1,200 miles south of the Pole, Between Bolthla Land and the Pole the campass points south instead of north and over much of the Arctic it is badly disturbed by the discrepancy of position be- tween the geographical North Pole and the magnetic North Pole, This chart of the magnetic lines, flowing to the mag- netic North Pole, although it was far from complete, was such as to enable the navigator to tell in what direction the compass should point from any spot in the Arctic. With this knowledge, the erratic behavior of the com- pass becomes orderly and it is once again a useful instru- ment, A third type of compass used was a device of infinite sensitiveness—a revolving electrical coil,, which 1s ad- justed to a given relation with the magnetism of the earth, This, the sun compass, and the magnetic com- pass were each used to correct the other. Lieutenant Byrd in his flight used a quick method of .elling when he was actually at the Pole. This was the invention worked out by Mr. Littlehales, the U. 8. Navy hydrographic engineer. It shows the sun's posi- tion from the North Pole at every hour of the day and every day of thq year. When the flyer is near the Pole he can, by ascertaining the exact position of the sun, prove that Le is near the Pole. Flies 3,000 Miles Over Arctic. The expedition, backed by such men as John D. Rockefeller, Jr.,, and Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., had three main objects, I A MODERN home built in the Arctic Sugar Cane Fought Cold of Nort 1—To prove that air navi- .. gation in the Arctic is feas- ‘ible and that freight and mes- senger travel over the top of the world is certain to come. 2—To hunt for new land in the unexplored areas of the Arctic. 3—To conquer the North Pole from thé air as a sport- ing adventure and as a dem- onstration of what a plane can do—not a geographical study, as the Pole was bagged for all time by Admiral Peary. ‘Probably no one knows more about Arctic flying than Commander Byrd. From the Greenland base of the MacMillan ex- pedition at Etah last year he flew 3,000 miles over the Arctic, studying the be- havior of oil, motors, compasses, and other navigation instruments at great altitudes over the Polar sea. With him this time Commander Byrd tock a noted fuel expert, who is Flying Commander G. O. Noble, as it requires great skill and pains to prevent the freezing of lubricating oil and stiffened action of the motors, if forced to work on the plane in the open at great altitudes with the thermometer at 60 to 70 below zero. The points which favored the month of May were that the Arctic fog had not begun to rise and heavy snows still covered the land and afforded many good landing places. A factor of safety pointed out by Commander Byrd in connection with the use of the Fokker machine is that it carries a reserve engine. It has three engines. With a light load one is expected to be sufficient to maintain the plane in flight. With a normal load, two engines will do the work. If two engines break down at one time, when the plane is not tao. heavily loaded, it may fly with the. use of one engine. The Fokker machine has a wing- spread of slightly more than 64 feet. It is said to be a marvel of airship construction. The other airplane—the Curtis Oriole—was to have been used chiefly in finding landing fields so that if the fliers found their main landing place covered with a fog they might go elsewhere. The Chantier was equipped with a powerful radio trans- mitter to send back the news of the, expedition. The Fokker also is equipped with a receiving and trans- mitting set. Commander Byrd not only kept the world informed of the progress of the expedition, but received through the Chantier weather warnings to guide him in his flight. How Expedition Was Equipped. Forty-five hundred pounds of whole beef were included in the rations of the Byrd crew of forty-seven fliers, seamen and technicians, Also four hundred pounds of pemmican (meat fats and raisins), huge quantities of bacon, dried milk, erbswurst (pea soup) and other sup- plies in proportion were carried along. Cod liver oil was included for its healthful properties. Herbert Griggs, who had charge of provisioning Peary’s expedition in his famous dash to the Pole, worked out the rations for the Byrd explorers. Two pounds per man per day was the allowance to take care of all emergencies. No amount of clothing is really sufficient when flying 1,000 or more feet in the air In the Polar regions, but every possible precaution was taken by Commander Byrd against exposure. The men were equipped with the warmest and lightest of reindeer suits and with fur parkas, a garment that reaches to the knees and has a hood covering the head. Plenty of goggles were found to be an absolute necessity to protect them against the glare of the snow. In spite of all the precautions the undertaking was full of unseen danger. None of this equipment would be of the slightest avail against some unexpected and un- precedented situation which might arise. There is always the danger of snowblindness, exhaustion, freezing, some mishap to the engine. Lieutenant Byrd and his com- panions, however, were particularly fortunate in escaping with practically no ill effects except the exhaustion due to such a perilous trip, Pick Up Ice Pilot. The ship Chantier’s first stop was at Tromso, Norway, where an ice skipper was taken on to pilot the Chantier and its crew through the ice-filled waters around Spitz- bergen to King’s Bay, where preparations for the first flight to the Pole were made. The planes, the instruments and the various oil mixtures used in connection with the airship tests, were carefully examined. and tested. Lieu- tenant Byrd's original plans called for six flights as follows: 1—A 400-mile flight from Spitzbergen to Peary Land to unload ofl, provisions and equipment at a place that looks promising for a landing. 2—A 400-mile flight back to Spitzbergen. 8—A second 400-mile flight from Spitzbergen to Peary Land base with further food, fuel and equipment. 4—An 850-mile flight to and around the Pole and back to the Peary base. 5—An 800-mile round trip fiight to the northwest over unexplored areas in search of new lands. 6—A 400-mile flight from the Peary Land base back to Spitzbergen. . It was his plan in his second flight to attempt to dis- cover new land, but when he received the report of the flight of Amundsen in his dirigible, in which it was stated that the Norge had failed to find any trace of new land, Lieutenant Byrd decided to abandon further flights and the trip over land on sleds he had planned in his search for new land In unexplored areas. Now he has decided te try to accomplish by airship at the South Pole what he did at the North. As he left the Spitz bergen base he stated that he would have just as well an equipped expedition for his southern flight as he had in his recent adventure in the North. ! his Bank is prepared not only for ordinary commercial bank- ing, but for a trust business of any description. your Trustee, your Executor, or in any other fiduciary way. It can act as ie The First National Bank BELLEFONTE, PA. reliable depository for your smiling dollars. THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK <3 AAAI, ANARAY 3 ARRARLT ARAMA O ARAN A AMANO AR OX O MEMBER FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (od oo AACR ANNAN AAT) ...omile.... And the World Smiles Also uccess is contagious. The dollars you save draw other dollars like a magnet. We offer you a safe, 3 per cent Interest Paid on Savings Accounts STATE COLLEGE, PA. : i CAME NNR NY Lyon & Company in Stripes, Plaids and Figures, from 75c. up. (absolttely fast colors)—only 59c. 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