~ Bellefonte, Pa., July 20, 1923.
mm
AT THE JAFFA GATE
OF JERUSALEM.
“One morning I posted myself be-
side the Jaffa Gate for the purpose of
forming some definite idea, is possi-
ble, of the character of the Jerusalem
street crowd. The nations of he
world streamed through the Gate
‘within the hour, and more than that,”
Archie Bell writes.
«As I sat beside the Jaffa Gate I
saw, first, of all, several trains of cam-
els enter the city, loaded with produce
for the market. Then came many men
on donkeys. They were perched high
on bags of grain, which took the place
of saddles. They wore gaudy head-
gear draped and bandaged about their
foreheads and chins, and held in place
by rolls of camel’s hair. Some of
theme were genuine Bedouins and
wore the big white and brown striped
coats that serve as a protection from
the sun in the day time and a warm
covering at night.
“Perhaps the most. characteristic
note of the endless procession was
provided by the men and women rep-
resentatives of the varied religious
organizations which have their homes
inside and outside the city walls. Some
of these wore brown costumes, others
white, blue, yellow, and about every
tint and shade known to artists. Some
wore poke bonnets and others caps
that resembled tiles two feet long.
Some were made of straw, some of
felt * * * In the midst of the
crowd were many peasants dressed in
exactly the same costumes that they
would wear in the fields at home.
They could barely raise the heavy
nailed boots from the pavement as
they scuffed along. The girls and
young women wore gaudy headdress-
es, but their elders were usually dress-
ed in black or brown.
“While sitting beside the Gate I
saw the highway suddenly cleared and
heard the pounding of metal on the
pavement. Looking through the Gate
I saw a stately procession arriving.
The Patriarch of Jerusalem was going
to call upon the Archbishop of Anti-
och, who was in the city. He was pre-
ceded by about six escorts, who pound-
ed the road in unison with the bases of
the big staffs which they carried. The
patriarch, a splendid and dignified
gentleman, walked alone, but he was
followed by at least twenty monks and
priests of the Greek Church. They
wore tall black hats, black gowns, and
their hair was twisted into a coil at
Hie neck and brought up under the
at.
“Clese behind the patriarch came
several Yemen Jews from Africa.
‘They are picturesque gentlemen,
whose hair is somtimes tightly clip-
ped, excepting for two long curls that
fall from their temples nearly to their |
shoulders. But their custom of wear- |
ing long curls in front of the ears is!
common to the most of the Jews of |
Jerusalem. Most of the Jews wear |
brilliantly colored coats that reach to
their ankles, and many of them have
bright satin caps with rows of long
fur for brims—which would appear to
be unseasonable in the warm climate
of summer in Jerusalem. I saw some
of them with long satin coats the color
of lilac, and also bright coral pink |
trimmed with sable. Others wore |
brilliantly striped calico coats and
broad brimmed felt hats.” ]
“In the crowd passed several Jews!
from Bokhara, men who adhered to
the Cossack costume, with high boots, |
long coats and tight-fitting astrakhan
fur caps. Turkish soldiers were pass-
ing to and from their barracks. Mo-
hammaden ladies with white and black
veils and Mohammaden gentlemen
with the turbash, Christian gentlemen
with the turbash, American gentlemen
on donkeys, japanese visitors dressed
in their native costumes * * * Per-
sians with their little black caps and
finely embroidered jackets, and, in the
midst of all these, many persons
whose identity could not be traced, be-
cause most of them had individual and
- eccentric raiment which stamped them
as believers in something slightly op-
posed to the beliefs of their fellow
men.
“Following came three market wom-
en of Bethlehem, wearing the long
white veils perched on high: caps which
distinguished them from all the other
women of Palestine. Syrian cavalry
officers came along on prancing Arab
horses, and in the press there were
many of those porters who have al-
ways been the marvel of strangers.
“The streets of Jerusalem within the
walls are so narrow and crowded that
it is impossible to drive a wagon
through them and many of them are
built of a series of steps upon the hill-
side, so that it is a task to lead cam-
els or donkeys through them after
sunrise. Therefore most of the car-
rying and portering is done by men.
They carry the most surprising loads.
I am told that they will step along
briskly with six hundred pounds on
their backs, with stout ropes holding
the bundles to their foreheads.
“Cairo, which is the meeting place
of the East and West, is popularly
supposed to offer more varied types
than any other city in the world, but
even Cairo is not so cosmopolitan as
Jerusalem. People come here from
everywhere on earth as they go to
Cairo but they do not become fused
with the other races. The Bokharan
Jew is easily distinguished by his
strikingly Mongolian features, and the
Yeman Jew learns no language but
Arabic, while his brother from Rus-
sia often speaks Yiddish, and the men
who come from Portugal and Spain
cling to their respective languages,
customs and costumes, having only
Hebrew beliefs that make them Jews
of a common stock. The same thing
is true of most of the other people
from Europe. Nations have their re-
spective quarters, and their inhabit-
ants do not mingle with the people of
other nations to any degree. The
same thing is true of the religionists.
“America has been called the
‘Melting Pot’ of the nations, and it is
true that over there all the nations
are being fused. In Jerusalem, as in
no other place, they never fuse, and
remain always the same.”
rer d— en —————
—For all the news you should read
‘broidered handkerchiefs,
FOR AND ABOUT WOMEN.
DAILY THOUGHT.
I am glad to think
I am not bound to make the world go right,
But only to discover and to do,
With cheerful heart, the work that God
appoints.—Ingelow.
Nothing is more annoying to the
woman who is trying to economize
than to pay a good price for a piece
of cloth, only to find that it does not
wear nearly so well as the cost per
yard led her to expect it would. “If
I could only be sure of what I am
getting,” she probably remarks the
next time she has to make a similar
purchase, but experience perhaps has
already taught her that this is almost
hopeless, so well stocked have the
markets become with adulterated cot-
tons, linens, wools and silks.
What this one woman needs is 3
little practical knowledge of how to
test textiles. To be sure, many of the
adulterations of the modern textile
manufacturer are so skillfully conceal-
ed as to be detected only by the use
of chemicals or high-power micro-
scope, but others are made apparent
by some simple device which any
woman can employ who is willing to
try this means of getting satisfacto-
ry returns from her money.
_ A bulletin issued for extension work
in home economics, by the University
of Illinois, and prepared by Charlotte
M. Gibbs, M. A. is full of practical
help for the woman who wants this
kind of information. It is entitled
“Some Points in Choosing Textiles,”
and goes into the subject thoroughly
and simply, as the following excerpts
will show:
_ Cotton can be made to appear heay-
ier, the bulletin states, by the addi-
tion of mixtures called sizing. Starch-
es, gums, dextrine, glue, china clay,
as well as other ingredients in vary-
ing proportions, constitute this sizing,
which may add a large per cent. to
the weight of the cloth. The spaces
are filled up and good finish is given
to the cloth, although the wearing
quality is not increased. If the sizing
is present in large quantities, the
cloth is greatly reduced in weight and
firmness after the first washing.
Adulterations of this kind can be
detected by the feel, a large quantity
imparting a harshness to the material.
In very thin fabrics, the sizing may
often be detected by holding the cloth
up to the light, when the starch shows
between the threads. Washing, or
thorough boiling of a sample will
show the amount of sizing present.
Mercerized cotton is a cloth pro-
duced by the action of a strong alkali
on cotton fiber, rinsed under tension.
It is a strong, attractive material,
with good wearing qualities. An imi-
tation of this may be made by the
action of very heavy and very hot
cylinders on ordinary cotton cloth.
The mercerized cloth has a high lus-
ter which it retains after many wash-
ings, while the imitation loses its lus-
ter with the first washing.
Linen is much more expensive than
cotton, and, when linen prices are
paid, linen should be demanded. Since
the two fibers are rather hard to dis-
tinguish, especially when heavily
starched and given a good finish, it
is quite easy to deceive the buyer.
“Linen” collars are frequently largely
cotton, “linen” handkerchiefs may not
have a thread of linen, as is apt to be
the case with rather inexpensive em-
" and table
“linen” may be mercerized cotton,
Sation and linen, or even ordinary cot-
on.
To distinguish linen from cotton,
examine the threads carefully; cotton
is made up of short fibers which pro-
ject from the surface of the thread
and become fuzzy when the thread is
rubbed between the fingers; when
broken, cotton has a tufted end, while
the linen fibers break more unevenly
and leave a more pointed end. The
linen thread should be stronger than
the cotton; it has more luster and is
usually more uneven. Some kinds
have flat threads, but cotton is fre-
quently finished in imitation of flat-
thread linen.
The old test of moistening the fin-
ger and putting it under the cloth is
not always a sure one, as the moisture
will not come through a heavy linen,
or one with much starch in it, an
it will come through a sheer, tightly
twisted cotton. A better test is to
put a drop of olive oil on the cloth
and press between ' blotting papers.
The linen becomes more transparent
than the cotton. There is a peculiar
‘leathery feel about good table linen
which cotton will not give, and the
luster is different, although the dif-
ference is hard to describe.
The most reliable tests for a mix-
ture of cotton and wool are chemical
or microscopic, but, as these are not
practical for the average buyer, others
must be sought. Wool has luster and
kinks; the ends of the threads are
stiff and look rather wiry. When a
sample is carried home, burning wiil
serve to distinguish between the two.
Wool burns slowly, chars, has an odor
of burnt feather, goes out easily, and
leaves a crisp ash; cotton burns
quickly with a flame, with little odor
and leaves no ash. A little practice
in breaking the threads will help one
to distinguish between the two; the
difference is not one that can be eas-
ily explained, but the experienced
houswife knows it well.
In olden times the price of silk was
much greater than now, but the ma-
terial was much more desirable. Silks
which have been laid away for a hun-
dred years are still in fairly good con-
dition. Now our silks are much
cheaper and the result is that, when
they are put away, even for a few
months, they may fall into bits, and
their wearing quality cannot be com-
pared with the good old silks of long
ago.. The reason for this change is
not hard to find. The cost of raw silk
is about thirty times that of raw cot-
ton, and the waste at least five times
that of cotton.
Silk has a very great ability to ab-
sorb dyes and metallic salts without
apparently changing the quality of
the material, and, since dyes and me-
tallic salts are much cheaper than
pure silk, the manufacturer makes
great use of these materials. Load-
ing is the common name for this pro-
cess of treating silk, and it is a com-
mon practice to add 30 per cent. of |
foreign material, just the per cent.
lost by the silk when the gum 1s re-
moved, while it is possible to add 250,
the “Watchman.”
or even 300 per cent.
FARM NOTES.
—Hollyhock rust does serious dam-
age to that beautiful flowered plant.
This disease can be held in check to a
great extent by removing and destroy-
ing at this season all leaves that have
been shed by the plants, also look the
leaves over on the over wintering ro-
sette and if any are found diseased
destroy them also.
—China aster plants that have
grown for some time to an apparent-
ly healthy condition and then sudden-
ly die or turn yellow and wilt, with
sickly leaves and small flowers as at-
tendant developments, are in all
probability suffering from a disease
known as “wilt,” say the Plant Indus-
try specialists of the Pennsylvania De-
partment of Agriculture.
The wilt is a fungous disease. The
fungi clog up the sap channels of the
stem and, although the outward ap-
pearance of the plant shows no evi-
dence of fungus injury, a cross sec-
tion of the stem near the ground
shows the woody tissue to be brown
and discolored.
The fungous enters the plant from
the soil and the trouble increases con-
tinuously with the number of diseas-
ed plants. It is inadvisable to contin-
ue growing asters in the same bed
once the disease has appeared.
The disease may sometimes be con-
tracted in the seed bed or flat, espe-
cially when the young plants are
grown under warm, dry conditions.
This can generally be avoided by us-
ing soil that has had no chance to be-
come contaminated, or by baking the
ordinary seedling soil for two hours
in a hot oven, keeping the soil spread
in a layer less than an inch deep.
Aster plants are particularly sus-
ceptible to wilt attacks at transplant-
ing time because the breaking of the
rootlets allows the fungous to pene-
trate the root system more easily.
Otherwise the worst symptoms are
shown at or near flowering time. By
this time the fungous is well estab-
lished in the stem and the supply of
water in the soil is less abundant.
—Secretary of Agriculture Frank
P. Willits makes the timely statement
that the fight for supremacy over
weeds is never so successfully waged
as when the weeds are destroyed early
before they have an opportunity to go
to seed and become a nuisance in an
even greater trerritory.
In cultivated fields the farmer usu-
ally keeps weed growth well in con-
trol. Along the fence rows, in mead-
ows, and in out of the way places on
the farm, the same statement would
not be true in the majority of cases.
There the weeds often have full play,
and nothing hinders the ever-increas-
ing propagation of their kind.
The spirit of the Pennsylvania law,
which now makes the destruction of
Canada thistle and chicory (succory
or blue daisy) a compulsory practice,
should be voluntarily extended by the
farmer to include all weed growth
that has heretofore been allowed to
grow undisturbed. Every part of the
farm should be kept free of weeds, and
special precautions taken to prevent
seeding and scattering.
Canada thistles and chicory are two
of the worst offenders in the weed
elass, and their control is considered
of sufficient importance to warrant
prosecution of any property holder
who does not take the pains to keep
the weeds from going to seed, or the
seed from ripening. Neglect or re-
fusal to comply with the State law
in this respect results in the forfeit-
ure and payment of a $15 fine, which
is turned over to the treasurer of the
school district in which the weed-bear-
ing land is situated.
Furthermore, any person owning
land nearby the weed-infested area,
and whose land is exposed to seeding
of thistles or chicory, as a conse-
quence, can take action compelling
the owner of the adjacent land to
clean up his premises.
—Stories from the far west, telling
of tremendous destruction being
wrought to crops through the ravages
of insects and worms, coupled with
further details as to the plight in
which the south is being placed by
reason of the new encroachments of
boll weevil, cannot but turn thoughts
to the realization that in Pennsylva-
d | nia, as a rule, pests which are destruc-
tive to growing things are kept under
control.
It is true that in Pennsylvania no
way has been found by which to com-
bat the chestnut blight which threat-
ens to wipe out the chestnut trees;
and it is true that in the southeastern
part of the State, right now, the Jap-
anese ‘beetle is affording grave con-
cern.
Yet one must think back quite a
number of years to remember the
summer when the Army worm swept
over the State, leaving ravaged fields
in its wake. One must think back still
further to recall a time when insects
and worms constituted a real plague
in Pennsylvania. ‘
Out in the west in some sections it
is declared that even railroad trains
have been halted by the slipping of the
wheels upon tracks covered by slimy
caterpillars. Out in the west, the
grasshopper frequently makes of him-
self a veritable steam roller of de-
struction; while in the south the boll
weevil has grown so formidable as to
raise the question as to what the
country will be called upon to do,
within a few years, in the face of no
cotton. 3
Pennsylvania owes much to. its De-
partment of Agriculture, for its com-
parative freedom from pests and
blights. For years its zoological di-
vision has waged war against hugs
and beetles and worms and fungous
growths, together with flies and oth-
er destructive insects,—and it has
been a successful war.
Perhaps the larger credit is due to
the nice adjustments made by Nature
in this particular climate, with worm
eating worm, bug eating bug, fly de-
stroying fly, and over all hovering the
bird, ready to swoop down on any jui-
cy morsel.
Pennsylvania’s birds are worth mil-
lions to Pennsylvania because they are
insectivorous in their instincts. They
keep the worms and the bugs and the
flies from ‘running wild.’
It takes the stories from other
States, as ' to ravages wrought by
pests,
of Pennsylvania ih being located as it
is, making it a popular place for
birds, and a place where Nature's ad-
justments are so nicely balanced.
to appreciate the good fortune.
WHAT CARELESS AUTOMOBILE
DRIVING DID.
During the four months of the Care-
ful Crossing Campaign, of the Penn-
sylvania Railroad company, June to
September, inclusive, 1922, some inter-
esting figures compiled by the Insur-
ance Department, Philadelphia, are
shown as follows:
Checks of more than 100,000 auto-
mobile drivers show that the vast ma-
jority roughly speaking 97 per cent.
are reasonably careful and that the
large number of deaths and injuries
which occur on the streets and high-
ways, and particularly at railroad
crossings, are attributable to gross
carelessness—in many instances crim-
inal carelesness—on the part of the
other 3 per cent. as will be shown by
the examination of the record.
During these four months there
were 682 crossing accidents on the P.
R. R. system, resulting in 90 fatal-
ities and 150 injuries. :
Seven deaths and seventeen injuries
were due to drivers attempting to beat
the train over the crossing.
Fourteen deaths and seven injuries
occurred at crossings where crossing
bells were ringing, indicating that a
train was approaching the crossing.
Five deaths and twenty-two injuries
occurred when the drivers disregard-
ed the watchmen’s warning signal. It
is no exaggeration to say that this
form of negligence is of a criminal
nature.
Sixteen accidents were attributable
to defective brakes. Look them over
and keep them “just right.”
Seven accidents resulting in three
deaths and three injuries were due to
drivers being intoxicated.
Sixteen accidents resulting in six
deaths and twelve injuries were due to
stalling on tracks, an occurrence which
is most likely to happen to inexper-
ienced drivers.
Two hundred and eighty cases of
running through or into crossing
gates, but not into trains.
Seventy accidents resulting in four-
teen deaths and twenty-two injuries
caused by running into sides of trains.
—Exchange.
Air Mail Service Proves 96.73 per
Cent. Efficient.
Washington, D. C.—Air mail serv-
ice efficiency, measured by the num-
ber of miles traveled with mail as
compared with the mileage scheduled,
was 96.73 per cent. perfect in the fis-
cal year ending June 30. This figure
announced by the Postoffice Depart-
ment compared with a percentage of
95.52 in the preceding year. The
schedule for last year called for 1,589,-
389 miles of flying, and the pilots were
given special instructions to take no
chances in any effort to break records.
Nevertheless, in July, last year, they
covered 99.86 per cent. of all the mile-
age set for them; in August, 100 per
cent.; September, 99.59 per cent.; Oc-
tober, 98.88 per cent.; November, 95.2
per cent.; December, 91.53 per cent.;
January, 92.77 per cent.; February,
92.81 per cent.; March, 94.80 per cent.;
April, 95.88 per cent.; May, 99.08 per
cent., and June, 99.21 per cent. For
other years the approach to perfec-
tion in the air mail service was shown
to have been 94.09 per cent. in 1918;
91.35 in 1919; 78.04 in 1920, and 92.84
in 1921.
ms ——— A ee ee mee
Labor Shortage is 60,000 in the State.
The labor shortage in Pennsylvania
today was placed at approximately
60,000 men and women by the State
Department of Labor and Industry.
The department’s employment offi-
cials declared the situation in the
State is serious with “white collar”
workers and those who will not accept
work as virtually the only classes af-
fected by unemployment. 8
The demand for farm labor contin-
ues constant and far in excess of the
supply with several sections practic-
ally giving up hope of receiving suf-
ficient.
According to figures announced
in Wall Street, the Ford Motor com-
pany has more actual cash in its treas-
ury than any other corporation in the
United States, if not in the world.
However, the
company are only about 1
great as the assets of the United
States Steel Corporation, which is the
largest in the world. On March 1st
of this year the Ford company had
$159,605,687 in cash on hand. The
last reported cash holdings of the stee
corporation were $126,700,131. It is
believed that Ford’s fortune now to-
tals between $600,000,000 and $700,-
000,000 which is probably exceeded
only by the Rockerfeller fortune.
—————————————————
Wn
Excursion
Bellefonte
Atlantic City
Wildwood, Ocean City, Cape May
Sea Isle City, Anglesea, Avalon,
Peermont, Stone Harbor
one-fourth as
Thursdays
July 26, Aug. 9,23, Sept. 6
Tickets good returning within 16 days.
Valid in parlor or sleeping cars
on payment of usual charges for
space occupied, including sur-
charge. Tickets good via Delaware
River Bridge Route 36 cents extra
round trip.
Stop-overs allowed at Philadel-
phia in either direction.
See Flyers. Consult Ticket Agents
Proportionate fares from other
points.
OceanGrove Excursion August23
Pennsylvania RR System
The Route of the Broadway Limited
total assets of the Ford.
steel’
MEDICAL.
Don’t Mistake the Cause
Many Bellefonte People Have Kidney
Trouble and do Not Know It.
Do you have backache?
Are you tired and worn out?
Feel dizzy, nervous and depressed?
: Are the kidney secretions irregu-
ar?
Highly colored; contain sediment?
Likely your kidneys are at fault.
Weak kidneys give warning of dis-
tress.
Heed the warning; don’t delay—
Use a tested kidney remedy.
Read this Bellefonte testimony.
Samuel Weaver, S. Water St., says:
“My kidneys troubled me some time
ago and I almost got down with back-
ache. Mornings I felt so lame and
stiff I could hardly bend to put on my
shoes. During the day I suffered ter-
ribly and my kidneys acted irregular-
ly. I used Doan’s Kidney Pills bought
at Runkle’s drug store and they help-
ed me by strengthening my back and
kidneys and benefiting me in every
way.”
Price 60c, at all dealers. Don’t
simply ask for a kidney remedy—get
Doan’s Kidney Pills—the same that
Mr. Weaver had. Foster-Milburn
Co., Mfrs., Buffalo, N. Y. 68-28
——Subscribe for the “Watchman.”
Big Money for the Big Job.
From the New York Evening Post.
Edward W. Bok’s $100,000 prize for
a practicable plan of world co-opera-
tion is to be awarded half on the ap-
proval of the idea by a committee of
distinguished citizens and half on the
acceptance of the idea by the United
States Senate. Judged by the rela-
tive difficulty of the two tasks, the
distribution ought to be $100 to the
man who originates a practicable plan
and $99,900 to the man who can get
the United States Senate to accept it.
Fine Job Printing
0—A SPECIALTY—o
AT THE
WATCHMAN OFFICE.
There 1s no atyle of work, from the
cheapest “Dodger” to the finest
BOOK WORK
that we can not do in the most sat-
isfactory manner, and at Prices
consistent with the class of work.
Call on or communicate with this
office.
C THE DIAMOND BRAND.
Ladies?! Ask your it for,
Chi-ches-ter 8 ond Bran
Pills in Red and Gold metallic
sealed with Bo nitbot,
other. 'e a;
"Ask for ON I-ONES-TER
I AH
as Best, Safest, Always Reliable
7 SOLD BY DRUGGISTS EVERYWHERE
UELRLUELELEL ELE US EL El El SLE LSL
NMSSM NMSSM le le Ue Ue Ue Ue
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Watch, Diamond, or Set
of Silverware, purchas-
ed on our
Easy Payment Plan
enables all to own these arti-
cles in a way that does not
add hardship to the pocket-
book. We will be glad to
serve you.
Li
USS
=n RUEUEUEUELURLURLUS US LELE
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F. P. Blair & Son,
Jewelers and Optometrists
64-22 tf:
ever known.
The saving is Big;
served.
Your Opportunity
Tomorrow---
Saturday July 14
We start the Greatest Sale of Mens and
Boys Suits and Trousers Bellefonte has
Suits that, were $20.00 now $15.00
Suits that, were 25.00
Suits that, were 30.00
Suits that, were 35.00
Best—all our regular stock—nothing re-
Don’t wait outside and wonder.
in and look around—-and pocket the
. saving that is really yours.
A. Fauble
Bellefonte, Pa.
« 22.50
26.25
the goods are the
Come