~ Bellefonte, Pa., July 20, 1923. mm AT THE JAFFA GATE OF JERUSALEM. “One morning I posted myself be- side the Jaffa Gate for the purpose of forming some definite idea, is possi- ble, of the character of the Jerusalem street crowd. The nations of he world streamed through the Gate ‘within the hour, and more than that,” Archie Bell writes. «As I sat beside the Jaffa Gate I saw, first, of all, several trains of cam- els enter the city, loaded with produce for the market. Then came many men on donkeys. They were perched high on bags of grain, which took the place of saddles. They wore gaudy head- gear draped and bandaged about their foreheads and chins, and held in place by rolls of camel’s hair. Some of theme were genuine Bedouins and wore the big white and brown striped coats that serve as a protection from the sun in the day time and a warm covering at night. “Perhaps the most. characteristic note of the endless procession was provided by the men and women rep- resentatives of the varied religious organizations which have their homes inside and outside the city walls. Some of these wore brown costumes, others white, blue, yellow, and about every tint and shade known to artists. Some wore poke bonnets and others caps that resembled tiles two feet long. Some were made of straw, some of felt * * * In the midst of the crowd were many peasants dressed in exactly the same costumes that they would wear in the fields at home. They could barely raise the heavy nailed boots from the pavement as they scuffed along. The girls and young women wore gaudy headdress- es, but their elders were usually dress- ed in black or brown. “While sitting beside the Gate I saw the highway suddenly cleared and heard the pounding of metal on the pavement. Looking through the Gate I saw a stately procession arriving. The Patriarch of Jerusalem was going to call upon the Archbishop of Anti- och, who was in the city. He was pre- ceded by about six escorts, who pound- ed the road in unison with the bases of the big staffs which they carried. The patriarch, a splendid and dignified gentleman, walked alone, but he was followed by at least twenty monks and priests of the Greek Church. They wore tall black hats, black gowns, and their hair was twisted into a coil at Hie neck and brought up under the at. “Clese behind the patriarch came several Yemen Jews from Africa. ‘They are picturesque gentlemen, whose hair is somtimes tightly clip- ped, excepting for two long curls that fall from their temples nearly to their | shoulders. But their custom of wear- | ing long curls in front of the ears is! common to the most of the Jews of | Jerusalem. Most of the Jews wear | brilliantly colored coats that reach to their ankles, and many of them have bright satin caps with rows of long fur for brims—which would appear to be unseasonable in the warm climate of summer in Jerusalem. I saw some of them with long satin coats the color of lilac, and also bright coral pink | trimmed with sable. Others wore | brilliantly striped calico coats and broad brimmed felt hats.” ] “In the crowd passed several Jews! from Bokhara, men who adhered to the Cossack costume, with high boots, | long coats and tight-fitting astrakhan fur caps. Turkish soldiers were pass- ing to and from their barracks. Mo- hammaden ladies with white and black veils and Mohammaden gentlemen with the turbash, Christian gentlemen with the turbash, American gentlemen on donkeys, japanese visitors dressed in their native costumes * * * Per- sians with their little black caps and finely embroidered jackets, and, in the midst of all these, many persons whose identity could not be traced, be- cause most of them had individual and - eccentric raiment which stamped them as believers in something slightly op- posed to the beliefs of their fellow men. “Following came three market wom- en of Bethlehem, wearing the long white veils perched on high: caps which distinguished them from all the other women of Palestine. Syrian cavalry officers came along on prancing Arab horses, and in the press there were many of those porters who have al- ways been the marvel of strangers. “The streets of Jerusalem within the walls are so narrow and crowded that it is impossible to drive a wagon through them and many of them are built of a series of steps upon the hill- side, so that it is a task to lead cam- els or donkeys through them after sunrise. Therefore most of the car- rying and portering is done by men. They carry the most surprising loads. I am told that they will step along briskly with six hundred pounds on their backs, with stout ropes holding the bundles to their foreheads. “Cairo, which is the meeting place of the East and West, is popularly supposed to offer more varied types than any other city in the world, but even Cairo is not so cosmopolitan as Jerusalem. People come here from everywhere on earth as they go to Cairo but they do not become fused with the other races. The Bokharan Jew is easily distinguished by his strikingly Mongolian features, and the Yeman Jew learns no language but Arabic, while his brother from Rus- sia often speaks Yiddish, and the men who come from Portugal and Spain cling to their respective languages, customs and costumes, having only Hebrew beliefs that make them Jews of a common stock. The same thing is true of most of the other people from Europe. Nations have their re- spective quarters, and their inhabit- ants do not mingle with the people of other nations to any degree. The same thing is true of the religionists. “America has been called the ‘Melting Pot’ of the nations, and it is true that over there all the nations are being fused. In Jerusalem, as in no other place, they never fuse, and remain always the same.” rer d— en ————— —For all the news you should read ‘broidered handkerchiefs, FOR AND ABOUT WOMEN. DAILY THOUGHT. I am glad to think I am not bound to make the world go right, But only to discover and to do, With cheerful heart, the work that God appoints.—Ingelow. Nothing is more annoying to the woman who is trying to economize than to pay a good price for a piece of cloth, only to find that it does not wear nearly so well as the cost per yard led her to expect it would. “If I could only be sure of what I am getting,” she probably remarks the next time she has to make a similar purchase, but experience perhaps has already taught her that this is almost hopeless, so well stocked have the markets become with adulterated cot- tons, linens, wools and silks. What this one woman needs is 3 little practical knowledge of how to test textiles. To be sure, many of the adulterations of the modern textile manufacturer are so skillfully conceal- ed as to be detected only by the use of chemicals or high-power micro- scope, but others are made apparent by some simple device which any woman can employ who is willing to try this means of getting satisfacto- ry returns from her money. _ A bulletin issued for extension work in home economics, by the University of Illinois, and prepared by Charlotte M. Gibbs, M. A. is full of practical help for the woman who wants this kind of information. It is entitled “Some Points in Choosing Textiles,” and goes into the subject thoroughly and simply, as the following excerpts will show: _ Cotton can be made to appear heay- ier, the bulletin states, by the addi- tion of mixtures called sizing. Starch- es, gums, dextrine, glue, china clay, as well as other ingredients in vary- ing proportions, constitute this sizing, which may add a large per cent. to the weight of the cloth. The spaces are filled up and good finish is given to the cloth, although the wearing quality is not increased. If the sizing is present in large quantities, the cloth is greatly reduced in weight and firmness after the first washing. Adulterations of this kind can be detected by the feel, a large quantity imparting a harshness to the material. In very thin fabrics, the sizing may often be detected by holding the cloth up to the light, when the starch shows between the threads. Washing, or thorough boiling of a sample will show the amount of sizing present. Mercerized cotton is a cloth pro- duced by the action of a strong alkali on cotton fiber, rinsed under tension. It is a strong, attractive material, with good wearing qualities. An imi- tation of this may be made by the action of very heavy and very hot cylinders on ordinary cotton cloth. The mercerized cloth has a high lus- ter which it retains after many wash- ings, while the imitation loses its lus- ter with the first washing. Linen is much more expensive than cotton, and, when linen prices are paid, linen should be demanded. Since the two fibers are rather hard to dis- tinguish, especially when heavily starched and given a good finish, it is quite easy to deceive the buyer. “Linen” collars are frequently largely cotton, “linen” handkerchiefs may not have a thread of linen, as is apt to be the case with rather inexpensive em- " and table “linen” may be mercerized cotton, Sation and linen, or even ordinary cot- on. To distinguish linen from cotton, examine the threads carefully; cotton is made up of short fibers which pro- ject from the surface of the thread and become fuzzy when the thread is rubbed between the fingers; when broken, cotton has a tufted end, while the linen fibers break more unevenly and leave a more pointed end. The linen thread should be stronger than the cotton; it has more luster and is usually more uneven. Some kinds have flat threads, but cotton is fre- quently finished in imitation of flat- thread linen. The old test of moistening the fin- ger and putting it under the cloth is not always a sure one, as the moisture will not come through a heavy linen, or one with much starch in it, an it will come through a sheer, tightly twisted cotton. A better test is to put a drop of olive oil on the cloth and press between ' blotting papers. The linen becomes more transparent than the cotton. There is a peculiar ‘leathery feel about good table linen which cotton will not give, and the luster is different, although the dif- ference is hard to describe. The most reliable tests for a mix- ture of cotton and wool are chemical or microscopic, but, as these are not practical for the average buyer, others must be sought. Wool has luster and kinks; the ends of the threads are stiff and look rather wiry. When a sample is carried home, burning wiil serve to distinguish between the two. Wool burns slowly, chars, has an odor of burnt feather, goes out easily, and leaves a crisp ash; cotton burns quickly with a flame, with little odor and leaves no ash. A little practice in breaking the threads will help one to distinguish between the two; the difference is not one that can be eas- ily explained, but the experienced houswife knows it well. In olden times the price of silk was much greater than now, but the ma- terial was much more desirable. Silks which have been laid away for a hun- dred years are still in fairly good con- dition. Now our silks are much cheaper and the result is that, when they are put away, even for a few months, they may fall into bits, and their wearing quality cannot be com- pared with the good old silks of long ago.. The reason for this change is not hard to find. The cost of raw silk is about thirty times that of raw cot- ton, and the waste at least five times that of cotton. Silk has a very great ability to ab- sorb dyes and metallic salts without apparently changing the quality of the material, and, since dyes and me- tallic salts are much cheaper than pure silk, the manufacturer makes great use of these materials. Load- ing is the common name for this pro- cess of treating silk, and it is a com- mon practice to add 30 per cent. of | foreign material, just the per cent. lost by the silk when the gum 1s re- moved, while it is possible to add 250, the “Watchman.” or even 300 per cent. FARM NOTES. —Hollyhock rust does serious dam- age to that beautiful flowered plant. This disease can be held in check to a great extent by removing and destroy- ing at this season all leaves that have been shed by the plants, also look the leaves over on the over wintering ro- sette and if any are found diseased destroy them also. —China aster plants that have grown for some time to an apparent- ly healthy condition and then sudden- ly die or turn yellow and wilt, with sickly leaves and small flowers as at- tendant developments, are in all probability suffering from a disease known as “wilt,” say the Plant Indus- try specialists of the Pennsylvania De- partment of Agriculture. The wilt is a fungous disease. The fungi clog up the sap channels of the stem and, although the outward ap- pearance of the plant shows no evi- dence of fungus injury, a cross sec- tion of the stem near the ground shows the woody tissue to be brown and discolored. The fungous enters the plant from the soil and the trouble increases con- tinuously with the number of diseas- ed plants. It is inadvisable to contin- ue growing asters in the same bed once the disease has appeared. The disease may sometimes be con- tracted in the seed bed or flat, espe- cially when the young plants are grown under warm, dry conditions. This can generally be avoided by us- ing soil that has had no chance to be- come contaminated, or by baking the ordinary seedling soil for two hours in a hot oven, keeping the soil spread in a layer less than an inch deep. Aster plants are particularly sus- ceptible to wilt attacks at transplant- ing time because the breaking of the rootlets allows the fungous to pene- trate the root system more easily. Otherwise the worst symptoms are shown at or near flowering time. By this time the fungous is well estab- lished in the stem and the supply of water in the soil is less abundant. —Secretary of Agriculture Frank P. Willits makes the timely statement that the fight for supremacy over weeds is never so successfully waged as when the weeds are destroyed early before they have an opportunity to go to seed and become a nuisance in an even greater trerritory. In cultivated fields the farmer usu- ally keeps weed growth well in con- trol. Along the fence rows, in mead- ows, and in out of the way places on the farm, the same statement would not be true in the majority of cases. There the weeds often have full play, and nothing hinders the ever-increas- ing propagation of their kind. The spirit of the Pennsylvania law, which now makes the destruction of Canada thistle and chicory (succory or blue daisy) a compulsory practice, should be voluntarily extended by the farmer to include all weed growth that has heretofore been allowed to grow undisturbed. Every part of the farm should be kept free of weeds, and special precautions taken to prevent seeding and scattering. Canada thistles and chicory are two of the worst offenders in the weed elass, and their control is considered of sufficient importance to warrant prosecution of any property holder who does not take the pains to keep the weeds from going to seed, or the seed from ripening. Neglect or re- fusal to comply with the State law in this respect results in the forfeit- ure and payment of a $15 fine, which is turned over to the treasurer of the school district in which the weed-bear- ing land is situated. Furthermore, any person owning land nearby the weed-infested area, and whose land is exposed to seeding of thistles or chicory, as a conse- quence, can take action compelling the owner of the adjacent land to clean up his premises. —Stories from the far west, telling of tremendous destruction being wrought to crops through the ravages of insects and worms, coupled with further details as to the plight in which the south is being placed by reason of the new encroachments of boll weevil, cannot but turn thoughts to the realization that in Pennsylva- d | nia, as a rule, pests which are destruc- tive to growing things are kept under control. It is true that in Pennsylvania no way has been found by which to com- bat the chestnut blight which threat- ens to wipe out the chestnut trees; and it is true that in the southeastern part of the State, right now, the Jap- anese ‘beetle is affording grave con- cern. Yet one must think back quite a number of years to remember the summer when the Army worm swept over the State, leaving ravaged fields in its wake. One must think back still further to recall a time when insects and worms constituted a real plague in Pennsylvania. ‘ Out in the west in some sections it is declared that even railroad trains have been halted by the slipping of the wheels upon tracks covered by slimy caterpillars. Out in the west, the grasshopper frequently makes of him- self a veritable steam roller of de- struction; while in the south the boll weevil has grown so formidable as to raise the question as to what the country will be called upon to do, within a few years, in the face of no cotton. 3 Pennsylvania owes much to. its De- partment of Agriculture, for its com- parative freedom from pests and blights. For years its zoological di- vision has waged war against hugs and beetles and worms and fungous growths, together with flies and oth- er destructive insects,—and it has been a successful war. Perhaps the larger credit is due to the nice adjustments made by Nature in this particular climate, with worm eating worm, bug eating bug, fly de- stroying fly, and over all hovering the bird, ready to swoop down on any jui- cy morsel. Pennsylvania’s birds are worth mil- lions to Pennsylvania because they are insectivorous in their instincts. They keep the worms and the bugs and the flies from ‘running wild.’ It takes the stories from other States, as ' to ravages wrought by pests, of Pennsylvania ih being located as it is, making it a popular place for birds, and a place where Nature's ad- justments are so nicely balanced. to appreciate the good fortune. WHAT CARELESS AUTOMOBILE DRIVING DID. During the four months of the Care- ful Crossing Campaign, of the Penn- sylvania Railroad company, June to September, inclusive, 1922, some inter- esting figures compiled by the Insur- ance Department, Philadelphia, are shown as follows: Checks of more than 100,000 auto- mobile drivers show that the vast ma- jority roughly speaking 97 per cent. are reasonably careful and that the large number of deaths and injuries which occur on the streets and high- ways, and particularly at railroad crossings, are attributable to gross carelessness—in many instances crim- inal carelesness—on the part of the other 3 per cent. as will be shown by the examination of the record. During these four months there were 682 crossing accidents on the P. R. R. system, resulting in 90 fatal- ities and 150 injuries. : Seven deaths and seventeen injuries were due to drivers attempting to beat the train over the crossing. Fourteen deaths and seven injuries occurred at crossings where crossing bells were ringing, indicating that a train was approaching the crossing. Five deaths and twenty-two injuries occurred when the drivers disregard- ed the watchmen’s warning signal. It is no exaggeration to say that this form of negligence is of a criminal nature. Sixteen accidents were attributable to defective brakes. Look them over and keep them “just right.” Seven accidents resulting in three deaths and three injuries were due to drivers being intoxicated. Sixteen accidents resulting in six deaths and twelve injuries were due to stalling on tracks, an occurrence which is most likely to happen to inexper- ienced drivers. Two hundred and eighty cases of running through or into crossing gates, but not into trains. Seventy accidents resulting in four- teen deaths and twenty-two injuries caused by running into sides of trains. —Exchange. Air Mail Service Proves 96.73 per Cent. Efficient. Washington, D. C.—Air mail serv- ice efficiency, measured by the num- ber of miles traveled with mail as compared with the mileage scheduled, was 96.73 per cent. perfect in the fis- cal year ending June 30. This figure announced by the Postoffice Depart- ment compared with a percentage of 95.52 in the preceding year. The schedule for last year called for 1,589,- 389 miles of flying, and the pilots were given special instructions to take no chances in any effort to break records. Nevertheless, in July, last year, they covered 99.86 per cent. of all the mile- age set for them; in August, 100 per cent.; September, 99.59 per cent.; Oc- tober, 98.88 per cent.; November, 95.2 per cent.; December, 91.53 per cent.; January, 92.77 per cent.; February, 92.81 per cent.; March, 94.80 per cent.; April, 95.88 per cent.; May, 99.08 per cent., and June, 99.21 per cent. For other years the approach to perfec- tion in the air mail service was shown to have been 94.09 per cent. in 1918; 91.35 in 1919; 78.04 in 1920, and 92.84 in 1921. ms ——— A ee ee mee Labor Shortage is 60,000 in the State. The labor shortage in Pennsylvania today was placed at approximately 60,000 men and women by the State Department of Labor and Industry. The department’s employment offi- cials declared the situation in the State is serious with “white collar” workers and those who will not accept work as virtually the only classes af- fected by unemployment. 8 The demand for farm labor contin- ues constant and far in excess of the supply with several sections practic- ally giving up hope of receiving suf- ficient. According to figures announced in Wall Street, the Ford Motor com- pany has more actual cash in its treas- ury than any other corporation in the United States, if not in the world. However, the company are only about 1 great as the assets of the United States Steel Corporation, which is the largest in the world. On March 1st of this year the Ford company had $159,605,687 in cash on hand. The last reported cash holdings of the stee corporation were $126,700,131. It is believed that Ford’s fortune now to- tals between $600,000,000 and $700,- 000,000 which is probably exceeded only by the Rockerfeller fortune. ————————————————— Wn Excursion Bellefonte Atlantic City Wildwood, Ocean City, Cape May Sea Isle City, Anglesea, Avalon, Peermont, Stone Harbor one-fourth as Thursdays July 26, Aug. 9,23, Sept. 6 Tickets good returning within 16 days. Valid in parlor or sleeping cars on payment of usual charges for space occupied, including sur- charge. Tickets good via Delaware River Bridge Route 36 cents extra round trip. Stop-overs allowed at Philadel- phia in either direction. See Flyers. Consult Ticket Agents Proportionate fares from other points. OceanGrove Excursion August23 Pennsylvania RR System The Route of the Broadway Limited total assets of the Ford. steel’ MEDICAL. Don’t Mistake the Cause Many Bellefonte People Have Kidney Trouble and do Not Know It. Do you have backache? Are you tired and worn out? Feel dizzy, nervous and depressed? : Are the kidney secretions irregu- ar? Highly colored; contain sediment? Likely your kidneys are at fault. Weak kidneys give warning of dis- tress. Heed the warning; don’t delay— Use a tested kidney remedy. Read this Bellefonte testimony. Samuel Weaver, S. Water St., says: “My kidneys troubled me some time ago and I almost got down with back- ache. Mornings I felt so lame and stiff I could hardly bend to put on my shoes. During the day I suffered ter- ribly and my kidneys acted irregular- ly. I used Doan’s Kidney Pills bought at Runkle’s drug store and they help- ed me by strengthening my back and kidneys and benefiting me in every way.” Price 60c, at all dealers. Don’t simply ask for a kidney remedy—get Doan’s Kidney Pills—the same that Mr. Weaver had. Foster-Milburn Co., Mfrs., Buffalo, N. Y. 68-28 ——Subscribe for the “Watchman.” Big Money for the Big Job. From the New York Evening Post. Edward W. Bok’s $100,000 prize for a practicable plan of world co-opera- tion is to be awarded half on the ap- proval of the idea by a committee of distinguished citizens and half on the acceptance of the idea by the United States Senate. Judged by the rela- tive difficulty of the two tasks, the distribution ought to be $100 to the man who originates a practicable plan and $99,900 to the man who can get the United States Senate to accept it. Fine Job Printing 0—A SPECIALTY—o AT THE WATCHMAN OFFICE. There 1s no atyle of work, from the cheapest “Dodger” to the finest BOOK WORK that we can not do in the most sat- isfactory manner, and at Prices consistent with the class of work. Call on or communicate with this office. C THE DIAMOND BRAND. Ladies?! Ask your it for, Chi-ches-ter 8 ond Bran Pills in Red and Gold metallic sealed with Bo nitbot, other. 'e a; "Ask for ON I-ONES-TER I AH as Best, Safest, Always Reliable 7 SOLD BY DRUGGISTS EVERYWHERE UELRLUELELEL ELE US EL El El SLE LSL NMSSM NMSSM le le Ue Ue Ue Ue Li Watch, Diamond, or Set of Silverware, purchas- ed on our Easy Payment Plan enables all to own these arti- cles in a way that does not add hardship to the pocket- book. We will be glad to serve you. Li USS =n RUEUEUEUELURLURLUS US LELE L I I L F i= 12M2ni2n2nEn=2 SN=USN UT UT el Ue F. P. Blair & Son, Jewelers and Optometrists 64-22 tf: ever known. The saving is Big; served. Your Opportunity Tomorrow--- Saturday July 14 We start the Greatest Sale of Mens and Boys Suits and Trousers Bellefonte has Suits that, were $20.00 now $15.00 Suits that, were 25.00 Suits that, were 30.00 Suits that, were 35.00 Best—all our regular stock—nothing re- Don’t wait outside and wonder. in and look around—-and pocket the . saving that is really yours. A. Fauble Bellefonte, Pa. « 22.50 26.25 the goods are the Come
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers