sarin SEER
Benatar,
Bellefonte, Pa., December 16, 1921.
FARM NOTES.
—~Such legumes as alfalfa, clover
beans and peas not only grow nutri-
tious food but add more nitrogen to
the soil than they take out of it.
They seem to have formed a partner-
ship with some bacteria that live on
their roots. These bacteria in return
for being given a home (nodules) cn
the plant roots and for food from the
plant take nitrogen from the air and
leave it in the soil for the plant’s use.
—A brick of salt should be in every
horse stall. There is no danger then
of oversalting, and the horses always
have what they need.
—In drenching a cow use a long-
necked bottle. If the cow is in a stall
where there is room the easiest way
is to catch her in the nose with the
left hand and raise up her head. Have
the bottle in the right hand. Slip the
neck into the side of her mouth and
pour the contents slowly down her
throat. Give the drench slowly, a lit-
tle at a time, holding up the head ail
the time with the left hand. Do not
force her to take the medicine rapid-
ly or it may pass into the windpipe
and get into the lungs and set up irri-
tation and inflammation there.
—The gestation period in mares is |
330 to 340 days, cows 265 to 275 days, |
sheep 144 to 150 days, and sows
around 112 days.
—In mares the period of heat after
foealing occurs within nine days or
less, 1c-occurs every 18 or 20 days,
and lasts from three to five days. The |
cow comes into heat every 18 to 21
days throughout the year, except for
from 6 to 12 weeks after calving, and
remains in heat for about i2 hours.
Ewes vary in the time they come into
heat within three days after farrow-
ing. They are almost certain to come
to heat in from three to six days after
the pigs are weaned. The period of
heat ve-occurs every 18 to 21 days.
—A “catch crop” is one that is
grown between the periods of other |
crops, such as cabbage following ear- |
ly potatoes.
—A “cover crop” is a crop grown
to prevent injury and losses to soils,
such as might arise from erosion or
leaching. Incidentally the cover crop
may afford protection to the trees or |
plants growing on the area.
—“Green manure crops” are those |
grown for the purpose of enriching
the land, and as such should have a
larger place in modern agriculture.
—Any crop may be used as a greea
manure, but all piants have not equal
value for the purpose, as some are
“nitrogen gatherers” while others are |
“nitrogen consumers.” ;
—The term “legume” is applied to
the clovers, vetches, peas, eic., and to
other plants which produce seeds in
pods. The legumes are the only |
plants which have the power of taking |
nitrogen from the air as well as from |
the soil. A legume when plowed un- |
der for manure, gives back to the soil |
not only the plant food taken up by |
the growing plant from the soil, but !
considerable quantities of nitrogen
obtained from the air.
-—Nitrate of soda is one of the most
valuable of other fertilizers. It is!
possible for a leguminous crop, em- |
ployed as a green manure, to return ;
to the seil as much nitrogen per acre |
as 1s contained in 500 pounds of ni- |
trate of seoda, and is equal to the nitro- |
gen usually contained in one ton of |
mixed fertilizer. |
—>Salt is required by all animals. |
The United States Depaitment of Ag- |
riculture says that the dairy cow re-
quires an ounce or more a day, and, |
while she should be given ail she |
needs, she should not be forced to take
more than she wants. It is best, there-
tore, to give only a small quantity on
the feed, and to place rock salt in the
boxes in the yard, where the stock can
lick it at will.
—The use of beef cattle in connec-
tien with general farming throughout
the Cora Belt, says the United States
Department of Agriculture, offers the
foliowing advantages:
it is possible to make greater use
of dry roughages produced on the
farm, as beef cattle consume larger
quantities of these feeds than any oth-
er class of live stock.
Beef cattle can be used profitably
on rough land unsuitable for crop pro-
duction; also on low, wet land unsuit-
able for either crops or for other
classes of stock.
Beef cattle use the total production
of grain and roughages on the aver-
age farm, without the purchase of
other feeds, more efficiently than any
other class of live stock.
Beef cattle on the farm favor a well
balanced distribution of labor
throughout the year. They require
very little attention during the sum-
mer and fall, when crops need atten-
tion, and during winter and early
spring, when there is little field work
to be done, farmers can utilize their
time to advantage by caring for the
breeding herd, wintering the stockers
and feeders, or fattening some steers.
—With purebred bulls a breeder
achieves more in the improvement of
his herd in two generations than he
can in five with grade bulls, says the
United States Department of Agri-
culture. Department workers have
thoroughly studied the subject of
building up herds to better milk, but-
ter, and beef production. Better sires
may be obtained either by individual
purchase or by becoming a member of
a bull association. Literature on the
latter method can be obtained by
writing to the department, and will
furnish useful reading during the win-
ter. Full information can also be ob-
tained by consulting your county
agent or State agricultural college.
—Milk will keep better and make
better products if all pails, strainers,
and separator parts are sterilized.
Use live steam for 5 minutes. If you
cannot get live steam, boil all uten-
gils for at least 5 minutes. A simple
steam sterilizer for dairy utensils,
which can be made by a local tin-
smith, is described in Farmers’ Bulle-
‘so along on the ground.
tin 748, “A Simple Steam Sterilizer
for Farm Dairy Utensils.”
Tale
COPYRIGNT BY WESTERN NEWSPAPER UNION
YELLOW.-BREASTED CHATS.
“You're going to tell us about the
ways of the Yellow-Breasted Chats,
aren't you, Mr. Yellow-Breasted
Chat?” asked Mrs. Redstart. Mrs.
Redstart was a very bright and pretty
little wren. She didn’t wear quite such
gay colors as Mr. Redstart, but she
looked very pretty and dainty.
“Yes, you must tell us,” said one of
the members of the Vireo family.
“I know something of your family,”
said Mrs. Chestnut-Sided Warbler. “I
know that all the Vireo ladies are
wonderful housekeepers.”
“Yes,” said Mrs. Vireo, “and so are
the Maryland Yellow-Throats. Not
only does Mr. Maryland Yellow-Throat
sing a lovely song which goes:
“ “Whitch-ee-ee,” but Mrs. Maryland
Yellow-Throat is one of the best house-
keepers in the bird world.
“She is really an excellent one.”
And dainty little Mrs. Maryland
Yellow-Throat smiled with embarrass-
ment at the compliment.
“That's so,” said Mrs.
Warbler.
“It is quite true,”
Fiyecatcher,
“True,” said the Cedar Waxwing, !
who made a sound like the opening
and closing of a pair of scissors, a sort |
of swishing sound. i
“Teacher, teacher,” said the Oven
Bird, which meant that he agreed too, |
though - all he said was, “Teacher, |
teacher.” :
|
|
Black-Poll
said the Crested
The Oven Birds make their nests in
shapes like ovens, but why they say, |
“Teacher, teacher,” is harder to tell!
“True, true,” said Mr. Flicker. Mr.
Flicker was the only member of the
Woodpecker family who ever cared td
“You Must Tell Us.”
The others
kept away from the ground and didn’t
wet below the tree branches.
“True, true,” said the Towhee, who
was bigger than most of the other
birds and who wore a greenish-yellow
suit.
“We've all chirped or said some-
thing,” said the White-Eyed Vireo, !
whose name was well chosen, “and we |
really want to hear Mr. Yellow-Breast- |
ed Chat talk.”
“My cousin is i
Red-Eyed Vireo, whose name was also |
well chosen. “We won't give Mr. Yel- i
low-Breasted Chat a chance if we |
spend all of the time in chirping and
in chattering so much.” !
“Tell us about yourself” sald all |
{
|
3
I
correct,” said Mr.
the birds. “Yes, Mr. Yellow-Breasted |
Chat, do tell us all about yourself.”
“Well, there is really very little to
tell,” said Mr. Yellow-Breasted Chat, |
“except what you all know.”
“But we want all the little ones to !
know too,” the other birds said. i
“They can see what I look like,” i
said Mr. Yellow-Breasted Chat, “for I |
have a yellow breast, of course, and a
dark back. |
“I have white lines over my eyes.
They can see this much. Of course I
like to jerk my tail about, as that is |
a family habit we have. |
“We always jerk our tails when we
sing or fly or even when we talk. !
“From our name they can guess |
that we're fond of chatting or of talk-
ing.
“Yes, and we're ready to talk about
anything and everything. We love to
chatter and make a noise talking. We
can whistle well, too.
“We can pretend we're other birds
as the mocking-bird and the catbird
can do, but we're not such a great
hand at it, or perhaps I should say
wing at it, as either Mr. Mocking-bird
or Mr. Catbird.”
“What do you mean when you say
you're not such a great ‘wing’ at it?”
asked one of the little birds.
“Well,” said Mr. Yellow-Breasted |
Chat, “when people say that they
aren’t much good at a certain thing
they say that they're not much of a
hand at it. Now, I can’t say I'm not
much of a hand at anything because I
kaven’t any hands to do anything
with.
“So I said T wasn’t such a great
wing at it as the other two birds I
spoke of, Just a little joke of my own.”
“Good joke, good joke,” chirped the
other birds.
Laugh, It Is Healthy.
There is a certain teacher of phys-
fcal culture who confesses that she
elways plans to have her pupils laugh
heartily at least once during a les-
son.
“Laugh and grow fat.” The say-
ing is as true as it is well known.
Laughter is a most beneficial exer
cise. It aids digestion by stimulating
muscular action,
i it, I suppose.
| dearest
! tion.
"and no one envies him his job.
. their parents.
"will tell you, observes the New York
4 The —e
Scrap Book
HIS POOR MEMORY COSTLY
' Probably This Hubby Will Remember
to Mail the Nex: Letter In-
trusted to Him.
He entered the breakfast room with
a letter in his hand, his face suffused
with shame and
confusion. “My
dear,” he said,
hesitutingly.
“Well?” spapped
his dear.
*1--I''1 very
sorry. but—"
“Tog asvally are
sorry about some-
thing, and with
good cause. What
is the matter with you now?”
This letter to your mother; you gave
it to me to post about ten days ago,
and—and—I[—"
“You've forgotten to post it. Well”—
caimly—*we must make the best o1
That lettter was to ask
mother to postpone her visit
this year. But since you've forgotten
to post it, I expect she'll be here dur-
ing the morning.”
Ten minutes later a
might have heen dimly
frantic man
dizcerned in
i the depths of the innermost coal cellar
administering unto himself a sound
{| kicking.
Water at 30 Ccnts a Gallon.
Water isn’t quite up to the price of
liquor, but it is almost there at Cow
Camp, the driest point on the Silver
Peak range, near Tonopah, Nev. They
are paying 30 cents a gallon for it,
and residents agree that it is cheap at
the price. There isn’t any competi-
The water man has a monopoly
The nearest watering place is 11
miles away For five miles the wa-
ter is carried in a buck-board drawn
by horses. Then the road narrows te
a trail and horses are unhitched, the
water bags tied over their backs, anc
the remainder of the trip is slow. 1
takes abeut a day to make the trip
In the oid days, when saloon:
quenched thirsts, there wasn't the de
mand for water that there is now.—
Los Angeles Times.
Spurn Gifts of Pennies.
Once upon a tinte children would be
glad to get a penny or two a day from
Today, as any mother
Sun, nothing less than a nickel meas-
ures up to their standards of daily
needs. It is usually six cents.
“Aw, wadaya want?’ exclaimed lit-
tle Johnny the other day when his
mother forgot herself and offered him
two cents. “How da ya ’spect a feller
i to get anything for a coupla cents?
| The cheapest ice cream cone in Cheap
Joe’s is a nickel an’ 1 can’t go to
the movies for lessen eleven cents. An’,
anyway, ain't dad makin’ more money
than he uster?”
MOTIVE ENOUGH.
Manager—Your play lacks mo-
tive.
Playwright—Motive ?
I haven’t had a square meal in a
vear.
Why, man
Ordered to Arrest Himself.
hen an Akron (Ohio) man was
arraigned in municipal court the other
day for intoxication, it was his hun-
dredth appearance within the last two
years on the same charge, according
to police court records. “The city is
wasting man energy and gasoline, to
say nothing of the wear and tear on
the police patrol in hauling you in so
many times. In the future the court
orders you to arrest yourself and walk
into police headquarters every time
sou are drunk,” said Judge L. 8S.
Pardee. The man promised he would
follow the court’s instructions.
Down on the Farm.
A young man spending a vacation
was walking about the country lanes
in an endeavor to hide from himself
entirely all town life or anything
which reminded him of town life.
Chancing across a country postman,
he stopped him and asked what time
it was.
Pulling out his watch, the postman
deliberately replied:
“It’s four o’clock in the afternoon
by the railway time.”
“By railway time!” ejaculated the
young man. “I should say that yeu
country folk, living in the open air, in
the heart of the country, as you do,
would take your time from the sun.”
“What for?’ asked the rural post-
man. “Bean’t we much closer to the
railway—even if it be 12 miles—than
we be to the sun?’—Rehoboth Sunday
Herald.
Filipino Embroidery Liked.
America furnishes an ever-increasing
demand for the native embroidery of
the Filipinos. Hats which more re-
semble the Bangkok than the Panama,
and woven baskets, similar to those
made by American Indians, are ex-
norted. Methods of improvement in
all these products are taught in the
publie schools.
RASMUSSEN PLEADS FOR DEFI-
NITE RESEARCH PLAN.
Sees Need of New Policy for Experi-
i mental Work in Agriculture as Vast
| Indusries are to be maintained and
Developed.
Harrisburg, Pa., Dec. 14.—A plea
for a definite State plan and policy
for research and experimental work
in agriculture, if the vast industries
| as well as the agriculture of the State
‘are to be maintained and developed,
| was made by Secretary of Agricul-
‘ ture, Fred Rasmussen. In a state-
ment the Secretary pointed out that
in the past forty years Pennsylvania’s
agricultural progress has been dis-
couragingly slow in proportion to the
! increase in population and that the in-
dustries of the State, which largely
depend on a cheap and abundant food
supply, will be seriously injured if
| this condition is not corrected.
FARM YIELD DECREASES.
“Forty years ago,” said the Secre-
tary, “the farms of Pennsylvania pro-
duced 3.8 bushels of potatoes per per-
son, while today the yield of our farms
is only 2.5 bushels per person. In
1880 there was in this State, 1 head
of cattle for each 2.2 persons, while
today the ratio is one head of cattle
to 5.5 persons. In 1880 there was one
hog for every 3.5 persons, while today
there is one hog ior every 7 persons.
i The figures on all other crops and live
stock show the same ratio of decrease,
which proves conclusively that food
production in Pennsylvania is not in-
creasing as rapidly as the increase in
population. From 1880 until 1920 the
population of the State increased
4,437,000 or more than one hundred
per cent.
“The agriculture, forest lands and
| water power of the State constitute
the three greatest permanent econom-
ic assets of the State, because com-
pared with other natural resources,
| through proper use and management
they are inexhaustible. It is import-
ant to know that two of the main lim-
iting factors to the progressive com-
| mercial and industrial life of the
State are food and lumber, but it is of
still greater importance to know and
understand that it is within the power
of the people of the State to a very
large extent, to overcome this handi-
cap, for there are great opportunities
for increasing both the food supply
and the lumber supply of the State,
at a cost of a great deal less than its
value.
ACREAGE IMPROVES.
“During the forty years from 1830
to 1920, the acreage of improved farm
land decreased 1,570,000 acres or 11.5
per cent. During this same period,
the average yield per acre of the cul-
tivated land has increased at a very
slow rate. In the forty year period
the average yield per acre of wheat
increased 4.1 bushels; corn increased
7.3 bushels per acre; oats increased
6.3 bushels; potatoes increased 4.9
bushels. This shows a very slow
progress, indeed. While there is a
possibility of a considerable increase
in acreage of cultivated land in the
State, the great problem before us is
the better utilization of the land now
under cultivation.
“Through careful breeding and se-
lection, the State Experimental Sta-
tion has developed a new wheat—
Pennsylvania 44. During 1919 and
1920 comparative tests showed that
this wheat produced 5.64 bushels per
acre more than other varieties, grown
under the same conditions.
“In other words, the natural in-
crease in yield of wheat per acre over
a period of forty years was 4.1 bush-
els. A research man comes along and
by selection and careful breeding
makes possible an increased yield of
5.64 bushels of wheat per acre—not
in forty years but in one year. This
increase per acre, applied to the en-
tire wheat crop of the State in 1920
would have meant an increased valuc
of more than $10,000,000 or sufficient
bread rations for a year for more
than 1,300,000 persons.
MUST INCREASE FACILITIES.
“If the agriculture of the State is
to advance so as to be profitable to
those who live on the land and at the
same time provide a larger quantity
of food for our industrial workers, at
a reasonable cost, so that our indus-
tries may meet the competition of the
industries from other sections, we
must provide for increased facilities
for conducting our research work.
“It is true that knowledge gained
by research and experimental work
alone will not increase production and
the farm income. To apply it requires
additional capital at reasonable inter-
est rates. It also requires grading
and standardization of products and
improved business and marketing fa-
cilities.
“If the State of Pennsylvania con-
tinues to neglect the development of
research and experimental work in
agriculture the rural progress of the
State will be retarded, many of the
farms will decrease rather than in-
crease in fertility, the surplus food
production per man upon which the
cities and villages depend for their
supply will decrease, the exchange of
products between county and city will
decrease and the industries of the
HOOD’S SARSAPARILLA.
Catarrh Means
Impure Blood
It is a Censtitutional Disease.
When it affects the nose and throat
and becomes chronic it weakens the
delicate lung tissues, deranges the
digestive organs, and may lead to
consumption. It impairs taste, smell
and hearing.
Take Hood’s Sarsaparilla, which by
purifying the blood removes the cause
of the disease, and gives permanent
relief.
“I had catarrh of the head and
stomach, and dreadful ringing noises
in my ears. I decided to try Hood’s
| Sarsaparilla; my health improved
wonderfully, and I adopted Hood’s
Sarsaparilla as my family medicine.”
Mrs. M. Jenney Shaw, St. Johns,
Ohio. 66-47
——Subseribe for the “Watchman.”
State will have to depend more and
more upon food hauled long distances
at added cost. There will be more,
—
RT,
rather than fewer abandoned farms in
the State and we will face rural deca-
dence rather than rural progress.”
Attention
Farmers
This is the time to fat-
ten your hogs for Fall
There is Nothing Better
Than Fresh Skimmed Milk
Our price only 25c¢. per
ten-gallon can.
Western Maryland Dairy
66-24-tf Bellefonte, Pa.
Caldwell & Son
BELLEFONTE, PA.
Plumbing and Heating
By Hot Water
Vapor
Steam
Pipeless Furnaces
Full Line of Pipe and Fittings
AND MILL SUPPLIES
ALL SIZES OF
‘Terra Cotta Pipe and Fittings
|
Estimates Cheerfully and Promptly
Furnished. S199
cE)
[0]
[
TE)
s&s
ry have
and Boys need
Pennsylvania.
Prices,
five years.
Happy.
A FA
WHERE az WHAT
72 BUY
EE EY
AINTY and practical Gifts are
most acceptable at Christmas.
We are showing an unusual line
in Silver, Bronze, Cut Glass and Pot-
tery Novelties from which you can
select a Gift that will have lasting
value and usefulness for anyone.
Come in and look them over.
F. P. BLAIR & SON
JEWELERS
ERLLEYONTE,
i
Make
The
Fauble Store
we know,
lowest you have known for
mas Store and you will
J
[so]
PA
amE—
Your Christmas Store
NR in the Store’s histo-
we shown so
many Useful Things that Men
and appreciate
as you will find here now.
Everything that man or boy
wears is here and in by far the
largest Assortment in Central
are the
Make Faubles Your Christ-
be
UBLE