sarin SEER Benatar, Bellefonte, Pa., December 16, 1921. FARM NOTES. —~Such legumes as alfalfa, clover beans and peas not only grow nutri- tious food but add more nitrogen to the soil than they take out of it. They seem to have formed a partner- ship with some bacteria that live on their roots. These bacteria in return for being given a home (nodules) cn the plant roots and for food from the plant take nitrogen from the air and leave it in the soil for the plant’s use. —A brick of salt should be in every horse stall. There is no danger then of oversalting, and the horses always have what they need. —In drenching a cow use a long- necked bottle. If the cow is in a stall where there is room the easiest way is to catch her in the nose with the left hand and raise up her head. Have the bottle in the right hand. Slip the neck into the side of her mouth and pour the contents slowly down her throat. Give the drench slowly, a lit- tle at a time, holding up the head ail the time with the left hand. Do not force her to take the medicine rapid- ly or it may pass into the windpipe and get into the lungs and set up irri- tation and inflammation there. —The gestation period in mares is | 330 to 340 days, cows 265 to 275 days, | sheep 144 to 150 days, and sows around 112 days. —In mares the period of heat after foealing occurs within nine days or less, 1c-occurs every 18 or 20 days, and lasts from three to five days. The | cow comes into heat every 18 to 21 days throughout the year, except for from 6 to 12 weeks after calving, and remains in heat for about i2 hours. Ewes vary in the time they come into heat within three days after farrow- ing. They are almost certain to come to heat in from three to six days after the pigs are weaned. The period of heat ve-occurs every 18 to 21 days. —A “catch crop” is one that is grown between the periods of other | crops, such as cabbage following ear- | ly potatoes. —A “cover crop” is a crop grown to prevent injury and losses to soils, such as might arise from erosion or leaching. Incidentally the cover crop may afford protection to the trees or | plants growing on the area. —“Green manure crops” are those | grown for the purpose of enriching the land, and as such should have a larger place in modern agriculture. —Any crop may be used as a greea manure, but all piants have not equal value for the purpose, as some are “nitrogen gatherers” while others are | “nitrogen consumers.” ; —The term “legume” is applied to the clovers, vetches, peas, eic., and to other plants which produce seeds in pods. The legumes are the only | plants which have the power of taking | nitrogen from the air as well as from | the soil. A legume when plowed un- | der for manure, gives back to the soil | not only the plant food taken up by | the growing plant from the soil, but ! considerable quantities of nitrogen obtained from the air. -—Nitrate of soda is one of the most valuable of other fertilizers. It is! possible for a leguminous crop, em- | ployed as a green manure, to return ; to the seil as much nitrogen per acre | as 1s contained in 500 pounds of ni- | trate of seoda, and is equal to the nitro- | gen usually contained in one ton of | mixed fertilizer. | —>Salt is required by all animals. | The United States Depaitment of Ag- | riculture says that the dairy cow re- quires an ounce or more a day, and, | while she should be given ail she | needs, she should not be forced to take more than she wants. It is best, there- tore, to give only a small quantity on the feed, and to place rock salt in the boxes in the yard, where the stock can lick it at will. —The use of beef cattle in connec- tien with general farming throughout the Cora Belt, says the United States Department of Agriculture, offers the foliowing advantages: it is possible to make greater use of dry roughages produced on the farm, as beef cattle consume larger quantities of these feeds than any oth- er class of live stock. Beef cattle can be used profitably on rough land unsuitable for crop pro- duction; also on low, wet land unsuit- able for either crops or for other classes of stock. Beef cattle use the total production of grain and roughages on the aver- age farm, without the purchase of other feeds, more efficiently than any other class of live stock. Beef cattle on the farm favor a well balanced distribution of labor throughout the year. They require very little attention during the sum- mer and fall, when crops need atten- tion, and during winter and early spring, when there is little field work to be done, farmers can utilize their time to advantage by caring for the breeding herd, wintering the stockers and feeders, or fattening some steers. —With purebred bulls a breeder achieves more in the improvement of his herd in two generations than he can in five with grade bulls, says the United States Department of Agri- culture. Department workers have thoroughly studied the subject of building up herds to better milk, but- ter, and beef production. Better sires may be obtained either by individual purchase or by becoming a member of a bull association. Literature on the latter method can be obtained by writing to the department, and will furnish useful reading during the win- ter. Full information can also be ob- tained by consulting your county agent or State agricultural college. —Milk will keep better and make better products if all pails, strainers, and separator parts are sterilized. Use live steam for 5 minutes. If you cannot get live steam, boil all uten- gils for at least 5 minutes. A simple steam sterilizer for dairy utensils, which can be made by a local tin- smith, is described in Farmers’ Bulle- ‘so along on the ground. tin 748, “A Simple Steam Sterilizer for Farm Dairy Utensils.” Tale COPYRIGNT BY WESTERN NEWSPAPER UNION YELLOW.-BREASTED CHATS. “You're going to tell us about the ways of the Yellow-Breasted Chats, aren't you, Mr. Yellow-Breasted Chat?” asked Mrs. Redstart. Mrs. Redstart was a very bright and pretty little wren. She didn’t wear quite such gay colors as Mr. Redstart, but she looked very pretty and dainty. “Yes, you must tell us,” said one of the members of the Vireo family. “I know something of your family,” said Mrs. Chestnut-Sided Warbler. “I know that all the Vireo ladies are wonderful housekeepers.” “Yes,” said Mrs. Vireo, “and so are the Maryland Yellow-Throats. Not only does Mr. Maryland Yellow-Throat sing a lovely song which goes: “ “Whitch-ee-ee,” but Mrs. Maryland Yellow-Throat is one of the best house- keepers in the bird world. “She is really an excellent one.” And dainty little Mrs. Maryland Yellow-Throat smiled with embarrass- ment at the compliment. “That's so,” said Mrs. Warbler. “It is quite true,” Fiyecatcher, “True,” said the Cedar Waxwing, ! who made a sound like the opening and closing of a pair of scissors, a sort | of swishing sound. i “Teacher, teacher,” said the Oven Bird, which meant that he agreed too, | though - all he said was, “Teacher, | teacher.” : | | Black-Poll said the Crested The Oven Birds make their nests in shapes like ovens, but why they say, | “Teacher, teacher,” is harder to tell! “True, true,” said Mr. Flicker. Mr. Flicker was the only member of the Woodpecker family who ever cared td “You Must Tell Us.” The others kept away from the ground and didn’t wet below the tree branches. “True, true,” said the Towhee, who was bigger than most of the other birds and who wore a greenish-yellow suit. “We've all chirped or said some- thing,” said the White-Eyed Vireo, ! whose name was well chosen, “and we | really want to hear Mr. Yellow-Breast- | ed Chat talk.” “My cousin is i Red-Eyed Vireo, whose name was also | well chosen. “We won't give Mr. Yel- i low-Breasted Chat a chance if we | spend all of the time in chirping and in chattering so much.” ! “Tell us about yourself” sald all | { | 3 I correct,” said Mr. the birds. “Yes, Mr. Yellow-Breasted | Chat, do tell us all about yourself.” “Well, there is really very little to tell,” said Mr. Yellow-Breasted Chat, | “except what you all know.” “But we want all the little ones to ! know too,” the other birds said. i “They can see what I look like,” i said Mr. Yellow-Breasted Chat, “for I | have a yellow breast, of course, and a dark back. | “I have white lines over my eyes. They can see this much. Of course I like to jerk my tail about, as that is | a family habit we have. | “We always jerk our tails when we sing or fly or even when we talk. ! “From our name they can guess | that we're fond of chatting or of talk- ing. “Yes, and we're ready to talk about anything and everything. We love to chatter and make a noise talking. We can whistle well, too. “We can pretend we're other birds as the mocking-bird and the catbird can do, but we're not such a great hand at it, or perhaps I should say wing at it, as either Mr. Mocking-bird or Mr. Catbird.” “What do you mean when you say you're not such a great ‘wing’ at it?” asked one of the little birds. “Well,” said Mr. Yellow-Breasted | Chat, “when people say that they aren’t much good at a certain thing they say that they're not much of a hand at it. Now, I can’t say I'm not much of a hand at anything because I kaven’t any hands to do anything with. “So I said T wasn’t such a great wing at it as the other two birds I spoke of, Just a little joke of my own.” “Good joke, good joke,” chirped the other birds. Laugh, It Is Healthy. There is a certain teacher of phys- fcal culture who confesses that she elways plans to have her pupils laugh heartily at least once during a les- son. “Laugh and grow fat.” The say- ing is as true as it is well known. Laughter is a most beneficial exer cise. It aids digestion by stimulating muscular action, i it, I suppose. | dearest ! tion. "and no one envies him his job. . their parents. "will tell you, observes the New York 4 The —e Scrap Book HIS POOR MEMORY COSTLY ' Probably This Hubby Will Remember to Mail the Nex: Letter In- trusted to Him. He entered the breakfast room with a letter in his hand, his face suffused with shame and confusion. “My dear,” he said, hesitutingly. “Well?” spapped his dear. *1--I''1 very sorry. but—" “Tog asvally are sorry about some- thing, and with good cause. What is the matter with you now?” This letter to your mother; you gave it to me to post about ten days ago, and—and—I[—" “You've forgotten to post it. Well”— caimly—*we must make the best o1 That lettter was to ask mother to postpone her visit this year. But since you've forgotten to post it, I expect she'll be here dur- ing the morning.” Ten minutes later a might have heen dimly frantic man dizcerned in i the depths of the innermost coal cellar administering unto himself a sound {| kicking. Water at 30 Ccnts a Gallon. Water isn’t quite up to the price of liquor, but it is almost there at Cow Camp, the driest point on the Silver Peak range, near Tonopah, Nev. They are paying 30 cents a gallon for it, and residents agree that it is cheap at the price. There isn’t any competi- The water man has a monopoly The nearest watering place is 11 miles away For five miles the wa- ter is carried in a buck-board drawn by horses. Then the road narrows te a trail and horses are unhitched, the water bags tied over their backs, anc the remainder of the trip is slow. 1 takes abeut a day to make the trip In the oid days, when saloon: quenched thirsts, there wasn't the de mand for water that there is now.— Los Angeles Times. Spurn Gifts of Pennies. Once upon a tinte children would be glad to get a penny or two a day from Today, as any mother Sun, nothing less than a nickel meas- ures up to their standards of daily needs. It is usually six cents. “Aw, wadaya want?’ exclaimed lit- tle Johnny the other day when his mother forgot herself and offered him two cents. “How da ya ’spect a feller i to get anything for a coupla cents? | The cheapest ice cream cone in Cheap Joe’s is a nickel an’ 1 can’t go to the movies for lessen eleven cents. An’, anyway, ain't dad makin’ more money than he uster?” MOTIVE ENOUGH. Manager—Your play lacks mo- tive. Playwright—Motive ? I haven’t had a square meal in a vear. Why, man Ordered to Arrest Himself. hen an Akron (Ohio) man was arraigned in municipal court the other day for intoxication, it was his hun- dredth appearance within the last two years on the same charge, according to police court records. “The city is wasting man energy and gasoline, to say nothing of the wear and tear on the police patrol in hauling you in so many times. In the future the court orders you to arrest yourself and walk into police headquarters every time sou are drunk,” said Judge L. 8S. Pardee. The man promised he would follow the court’s instructions. Down on the Farm. A young man spending a vacation was walking about the country lanes in an endeavor to hide from himself entirely all town life or anything which reminded him of town life. Chancing across a country postman, he stopped him and asked what time it was. Pulling out his watch, the postman deliberately replied: “It’s four o’clock in the afternoon by the railway time.” “By railway time!” ejaculated the young man. “I should say that yeu country folk, living in the open air, in the heart of the country, as you do, would take your time from the sun.” “What for?’ asked the rural post- man. “Bean’t we much closer to the railway—even if it be 12 miles—than we be to the sun?’—Rehoboth Sunday Herald. Filipino Embroidery Liked. America furnishes an ever-increasing demand for the native embroidery of the Filipinos. Hats which more re- semble the Bangkok than the Panama, and woven baskets, similar to those made by American Indians, are ex- norted. Methods of improvement in all these products are taught in the publie schools. RASMUSSEN PLEADS FOR DEFI- NITE RESEARCH PLAN. Sees Need of New Policy for Experi- i mental Work in Agriculture as Vast | Indusries are to be maintained and Developed. Harrisburg, Pa., Dec. 14.—A plea for a definite State plan and policy for research and experimental work in agriculture, if the vast industries | as well as the agriculture of the State ‘are to be maintained and developed, | was made by Secretary of Agricul- ‘ ture, Fred Rasmussen. In a state- ment the Secretary pointed out that in the past forty years Pennsylvania’s agricultural progress has been dis- couragingly slow in proportion to the ! increase in population and that the in- dustries of the State, which largely depend on a cheap and abundant food supply, will be seriously injured if | this condition is not corrected. FARM YIELD DECREASES. “Forty years ago,” said the Secre- tary, “the farms of Pennsylvania pro- duced 3.8 bushels of potatoes per per- son, while today the yield of our farms is only 2.5 bushels per person. In 1880 there was in this State, 1 head of cattle for each 2.2 persons, while today the ratio is one head of cattle to 5.5 persons. In 1880 there was one hog for every 3.5 persons, while today there is one hog ior every 7 persons. i The figures on all other crops and live stock show the same ratio of decrease, which proves conclusively that food production in Pennsylvania is not in- creasing as rapidly as the increase in population. From 1880 until 1920 the population of the State increased 4,437,000 or more than one hundred per cent. “The agriculture, forest lands and | water power of the State constitute the three greatest permanent econom- ic assets of the State, because com- pared with other natural resources, | through proper use and management they are inexhaustible. It is import- ant to know that two of the main lim- iting factors to the progressive com- | mercial and industrial life of the State are food and lumber, but it is of still greater importance to know and understand that it is within the power of the people of the State to a very large extent, to overcome this handi- cap, for there are great opportunities for increasing both the food supply and the lumber supply of the State, at a cost of a great deal less than its value. ACREAGE IMPROVES. “During the forty years from 1830 to 1920, the acreage of improved farm land decreased 1,570,000 acres or 11.5 per cent. During this same period, the average yield per acre of the cul- tivated land has increased at a very slow rate. In the forty year period the average yield per acre of wheat increased 4.1 bushels; corn increased 7.3 bushels per acre; oats increased 6.3 bushels; potatoes increased 4.9 bushels. This shows a very slow progress, indeed. While there is a possibility of a considerable increase in acreage of cultivated land in the State, the great problem before us is the better utilization of the land now under cultivation. “Through careful breeding and se- lection, the State Experimental Sta- tion has developed a new wheat— Pennsylvania 44. During 1919 and 1920 comparative tests showed that this wheat produced 5.64 bushels per acre more than other varieties, grown under the same conditions. “In other words, the natural in- crease in yield of wheat per acre over a period of forty years was 4.1 bush- els. A research man comes along and by selection and careful breeding makes possible an increased yield of 5.64 bushels of wheat per acre—not in forty years but in one year. This increase per acre, applied to the en- tire wheat crop of the State in 1920 would have meant an increased valuc of more than $10,000,000 or sufficient bread rations for a year for more than 1,300,000 persons. MUST INCREASE FACILITIES. “If the agriculture of the State is to advance so as to be profitable to those who live on the land and at the same time provide a larger quantity of food for our industrial workers, at a reasonable cost, so that our indus- tries may meet the competition of the industries from other sections, we must provide for increased facilities for conducting our research work. “It is true that knowledge gained by research and experimental work alone will not increase production and the farm income. To apply it requires additional capital at reasonable inter- est rates. It also requires grading and standardization of products and improved business and marketing fa- cilities. “If the State of Pennsylvania con- tinues to neglect the development of research and experimental work in agriculture the rural progress of the State will be retarded, many of the farms will decrease rather than in- crease in fertility, the surplus food production per man upon which the cities and villages depend for their supply will decrease, the exchange of products between county and city will decrease and the industries of the HOOD’S SARSAPARILLA. Catarrh Means Impure Blood It is a Censtitutional Disease. When it affects the nose and throat and becomes chronic it weakens the delicate lung tissues, deranges the digestive organs, and may lead to consumption. It impairs taste, smell and hearing. Take Hood’s Sarsaparilla, which by purifying the blood removes the cause of the disease, and gives permanent relief. “I had catarrh of the head and stomach, and dreadful ringing noises in my ears. I decided to try Hood’s | Sarsaparilla; my health improved wonderfully, and I adopted Hood’s Sarsaparilla as my family medicine.” Mrs. M. Jenney Shaw, St. Johns, Ohio. 66-47 ——Subseribe for the “Watchman.” State will have to depend more and more upon food hauled long distances at added cost. There will be more, — RT, rather than fewer abandoned farms in the State and we will face rural deca- dence rather than rural progress.” Attention Farmers This is the time to fat- ten your hogs for Fall There is Nothing Better Than Fresh Skimmed Milk Our price only 25c¢. per ten-gallon can. Western Maryland Dairy 66-24-tf Bellefonte, Pa. Caldwell & Son BELLEFONTE, PA. Plumbing and Heating By Hot Water Vapor Steam Pipeless Furnaces Full Line of Pipe and Fittings AND MILL SUPPLIES ALL SIZES OF ‘Terra Cotta Pipe and Fittings | Estimates Cheerfully and Promptly Furnished. S199 cE) [0] [ TE) s&s ry have and Boys need Pennsylvania. Prices, five years. Happy. A FA WHERE az WHAT 72 BUY EE EY AINTY and practical Gifts are most acceptable at Christmas. We are showing an unusual line in Silver, Bronze, Cut Glass and Pot- tery Novelties from which you can select a Gift that will have lasting value and usefulness for anyone. Come in and look them over. F. P. BLAIR & SON JEWELERS ERLLEYONTE, i Make The Fauble Store we know, lowest you have known for mas Store and you will J [so] PA amE— Your Christmas Store NR in the Store’s histo- we shown so many Useful Things that Men and appreciate as you will find here now. Everything that man or boy wears is here and in by far the largest Assortment in Central are the Make Faubles Your Christ- be UBLE
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers